8
THE COLUMBIAN, BLOOMSBURO. PA.
v.;
THE COLUMBIAN.
BLO0..1SBURG, PA.
THURSDAY, JULY 10, 1908.
A BAD YEAR FOR UNCLE SAM.
TM Deficit in tht National Trtasury it Third
Greatest Since the Civil War.
Only twice since the Civil War
has the United States treasury had
a greater deficit than the one which
it faced at the close of the present
fiscal year. The statement showed
an increase of expenditures over
receipts for the year approximating
J6o,ooc,coo. In 1894 there was a
deficit of $69,803,000, and in 1899
one of a little over $89,000,000,
This last, however, was just after
the conclusion of the war with
Spain. The nearest approach to
this year's figures was in 1904,
when the deficit totalled $41,770,
000. The total receipts for the year
have been about $599,000,000, or
$64, 000, 000 less than for the fiscal
year 1907, custom receipts having
fallen off $46,000,000 and the in
ternal revenues $19,000,000, mis
cellaneous receipts alone showing a
slight gain. The disbursements
for the year have been about $659,
000,000, or $80,000,000 more than
for 1907, and $54,000,000 than for
any other year since 1855, not ex
cepting the Spanish war period.
These increased disbursements are
very general and are shown in near
ly every account except that of in
terest on the public debt.
Make Use of Your Leisure Time.
If you have an hour to spend each
day don't idle it away, for time is
valuable. It will pay you to write
to the Circulation Department of
The Philadelphia Press, mentioning
this paper, and they will send you
an interesting book of advice, tell
ing how to make use of your spare
moments and how to make a con
siderable sum of money for a little
work you can do very easily. A
postal card will bring this informa
tion to you. Don't put it off, write
at once, for it will mean dollars to
you. Address Circulation Depart
ment, The Press, Seventh and
Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia.
Just About Now.
About this time the pesky mos
quito puts in an appearance a nat
ty appearance, we may add.
.. About this time the amateur fish
erman takes to hook and lyiu'.
About now the young college
graduate begins to see $5000 jobs
looming up ahead in his mind's
eye.,
About now last year's bathing
suit is looked over to see if it can
be worn any longer or any shorter.
About now the matrimonial ang
ling season begins. As with other
sinds of angling, there will be more
nibbles than catches.
Just about now. Boston Trans
eript. Two Wilkes-Barre men, Thomas
Wilson and George Gotthold are
developing a formula for making
brick and wall plaster which, it is
lielieved will revolutionize that bus
iness. No cement or sand is used
lot material which heretofore has
Teen considered worthless and it is
claimed that the cost of the plaster
ill be $2 a ton and of the brick
$2.50 a thousand.
Market for Old Horse Shoes.
Old horseshoes find a ready mar
H Id China. One steamer alone
irought 300 tons of this Iron from
latnburg. Chinese Iron dealers buy
no horseshoes and sell them to knife
md tool manufacturers all over the
rovlnce of Shantung. It Is clalm
d by the Chinese that the temper of
i his class of iron makes It the best
btalnable for knives and cutlery and
also good for other tools. The rea
on ascribed for this is that the con
itant beating the shoes have received
nder the feet of torses has given
them a peculiar temper absolutely
unobtainable In any other way, aud
that tools made from them are su
perior to all others.
Every father of seven or more
.hlldren la practically exempt from
taxation in France.
Germany's colonies are five times
if big as herself, thoso of France, 18
ymes, and Britain 97 times bigser
than herself,
Hannibal durliiK his campaign In
Italy and Bpnln plundered 400 towus
40 d destroyed 300,000 men.
New York city Is now spending on
(jducatlon $120,873 lach, school day.
unit, cr l,Jir-iniiklii(i.
I'liriH 11 1 v IK 11 .iCdotiU ,or luce
iH.tMi; 11 Ml cm broidery on tulle in
fitii'iii ol which llnve-loiirllii arm
i.mi:iiI tv i,,,Iih of til.: KiiiiimD
(Uftitth. 1(18 Kind You Have Always Bought
ilfnttora
of
TIIK LOXO ALASKA TRAIL.
X-i Summer n Lonely, Flowery Way
Mikity Different in Winter.
Our trail still leads to the north
r!oni; the great Government rond
r-iun Whltehorse to Dawson, a Bold
Feoker writes In Hunter-Trader-Trappnr.
It is about 350 miles well
timbered all the way with spruce,
poplar and Cottonwood; some Jack
pine Just starting in thick masses of
many acres.
Forest fires ten years ago drove
most of the game and fur to other
j'lirts, yet we see fresh signs of bear
nn;l fox in the dusty road every day
fur miles and miles. Some duck,
mostly mallard, canvas back and
black duck, geese and swan show up
nearly every day's travel.
This Is the middle of May the
grass is four Inches high, blue and
white flowers along the roadside,
some strawberry blossoms, and yet a
pane of glass frozen In our camp
kettles each morning. Fruit is kill
ed 1,000 miles south.
This Government road is a soli
tude In summer, not a person for a
hundred miles, but In winter when
the ice tops travel on the mighty
Yukon River, then this road is a
wide awake, thriving, bustling, hust
ling, get there runway for the trad
ers and miners. Great four and six
horse stages slam through this road
nlht and day from both ends.
Change horses every twenty-two
miles at hotels called roadhouses.
Tho charges at these roadhouses are
$1.60 for each meal, $1 for bed, $1
for handout lunch; bear, &c 25
cents per drink, hay and oats 5 to
10 cents per pound. The hay comes
from Spokane and the oats from
Manitoba, both points about 1,500
miles away. Both articles are first
class.
We were overtaken on this road
by four droves of beef cattle of 125
head in each drove. They were ship
ped from Calgary, Canada and Seat
tle, Wash. 500 miles by rail, 1,000
by sea, then 120 miles by rail, 140
miles on foot, then by boat 250
miles to Dawson, 1,200 miles to
Fairbanks. Feed, both oats and hay,
averages $180 per ton.
The first cost of cattle is about
$70 per head. They are stall fed
until three years old and weigh from
l.GOO to 2,200 each, the best in the
land. Tho freight on each is more
than $100, the feed and care another
J100
They sell in Fairbanks for $350
to $400 each. The man who works
the pick and shovel pays for all.
Chuck steak, 65 cents; T bone steak,
90 cents; best cuts, $1 per pound.
One herd lost five head through
the ice; the next day the next herd
lost nine head at the same place.
They went under the ice in twelve
feet of water. The miner must pay
for this loss also. The hay each
herd of 125 eats costs about $200
each night on the road. One herd
was short a man to drive, so the
younger of us two gold hunters went
for five days at $10 per day and ex
penses to help out.
IMPORTANCE OF SLKKP.
The Rest, Cheapest and Most Effica
cious Medicine.
Sleep Is the best and cheapest med
icine, and it 1b within the reach of
everybody. We require as much
sleep as we can procure. We may
work at high pressure if we sleep
enough, but If we overwork and un
dursleep, irritability, insomnia and
neurasthenia are almost certainly
in store. One of the prime causes
of Ill-health among men and women
who have to work with their brains
is neglect of sleep. The woman who
curtails her sleep begins to worry.
Insufficient sleep, in the first In
stance, is a common cause of Insom
nia. Rest and sleep are the only rat
ional cures for brain fag and ner
vous exhaustion. It is the highly
developed mind that it liable to
worry, the alert, highly strung In
dividual who is prone to suffer from
sleepiest ness. The country yokel
can always sleep, and nobody ever
saw a neurasthenic cow; but the
higher the type the greater need for
rest and a sufficient amount of sleep.
Modern sanatoria teach us much
about rest that is worth knowing.
Disease 1b combated by putting the
patient in such a condition as to en
able him to cure himself, as it were,
by letting nature do her beneficent
work unhindered. One of the un
breakable rules of a sanitarium day
is rest absolute rest for an hour
before and for- a short time after
meals, says McCall's Magazine. See
the common sense of this! How can
food posBibly do anyone any good if
taken into an exhausted frame?
How is it to be digeste;!? How cun
the bodily tissues be refreshed and
nourished? In the big shops, at
every change of season und at sales,
It Is terrible to see the crowds of
womeu, fagged and over-excited, who
"rush" a meal in some cIobo room,
most likely chatting or planning all
the while, and then, without a break
of any sort, go back to the fever of
shopping, many of them with the
prospect of a railroad Journey back
to the suburbs as a wind-up. How
many headaches will be the result?
What proportion of these shopping
ladles will go home too tired to sleep?
Neglect of sleep is, perhaps, the
most fatal error made nowadays by
busy people. Sleep is the only rat
ional cure of, as it is the natural
tateguard against, brain-fag - and
nervous exhaustion. It is always the
highly developed, energetic individ
ual who Is the first to suffer from
worry and sleeplessness.
hk.'ht tiAxn on nont rtAKns.
Four-Fifth of the Unities 8nld to Re
AtnhlilcxtrniM).
Many reasons have been advanced
for tho prevalence of rlght-handed-nes.
It is by some said to be the
result of nursing and Infantile
treatment, to be due to early prac
tice In writing and drawing, to bo
the outcome of warfare, education
and heredity, the result of mechani
cal law and other remote causes, ac
cording to The Strand. Sir James
Sawyer declares that the preferential
use of the right hand is due to
the fact that in primitive days man
used the right hand for the purposes
of offense, so as to keep the heart
the vital spot as far as possible
from the aflfault of an adversary.
Recent experiments and observation,
however, prove that slnglehanded
ncKs is merely the result of faulty
or restricted education.
It Is a curious Instance of huninn
contrariness that should one eye, one
ear or one leg of a child show signs
of diminished vigor the parents
would Instantly seek the cause of.
and if possible, the remedy for that
lamentable condition; yet for some
Inexplicable reason or prejudice the
left hand of the average child Is
ruthlessly and deliberately neglect
ed, until In mature years it is an
undeveloped, useless and almost un
necessary appendage.
Careful observations have showb
that out of every hundred persons
born Into this world eighty are con
genltally ambidextrous that Is to
say, they will instinctively reach for
an object with either hand and only
require proper Instruction and train
ing to develop both hands and arms
to an equal degree of strength and
skill.
Of the remaining 20, 17 will be
rlglithanded, while the other thr??
will show a natural bias toward the
left hand. The cultivation of ambidex
terity, therefore, offers no insuper
able difficulties, and the economical,
physiological and psychological ad
vantages are enormous.
It Is said that the Japanese sol
diers can use their weapons wit!,
equal skill in either hand, for they
are tr.ilued ro bo ambidextrous from
childhood. At school they are taught
to write and draw with both hands.
In drawing and painting no support
ing device whatever is used, the en
tire arm being employed.
The German educational authori
ties, too, are at present giving con
siderable attention to left-hand work,
especially in their technical and me
chanical schools. The students are
tqught to saw, plane and hammer as
well with the left hand as with the
right, and the economical and Indus
trial importance of ambidexterity is
firmly impressed upon the minds of
young men and women.
WATCH REPAIRING SEASONS.
April to July the Ruxiest Time la
This HusliieKg.
"Are there seasons in the watch
repairing business? Oh, yes," said
the Jeweller, "there are seasons In
thlB Just as there may be in any
other business, and the busy season
lu watch repairing lasts from April
to July.
"We are busy, to be sure, at all
times through the year; there are
always watches to be repaired, but
our busiest season is one comprising
the latter part of spring and the
earlier part of summer, when people
are preparing to go or are going away
"At this season they want to be
sure that their watches are in or
der and to be relied on while they are
gone, and so they bring them in.
One might have to depend more upon
bis watch when away than he would
at home, and bo he wants to feel
sure of it.
"In winter, if a woman's watch,
for instance, should stop she would
probably simply put It away and not
bother about having it repaired then;
she might perhaps have other watch
es that she could use, and In any
event she would have clocks at hand
by which she could tell the time;
but if she were going away she
wo.ild be very likely to b-ing in th&
watch she was to carry and have it
looked over; and the same would be
true of many people, both men and
women, who thus come to have their
watch requiring done at this time of
year.
"foil say you thought that more
mainsprings break in winter than in
summer? I dare say that is tho
common impression ; but it is my ob
servation that more mainsprings'
break In summer than In winter, and
such mishaps may add to the num
ber of watches that come in at this
season, but the common reason that
brings them to us In greater num
bers at this time is tho desire to have
them In order.
"We always have some watches
sent In to us from the country la
summer for repair. Naturally the
get rougher usage or are more liable
to mishap there than they would b4
in their ordinary UBe in the city.
Sometimes we get watches that have
been dropped overboard, and water
lu about as bad for a watch as fire.
However perfectly constructed a
watch case may be water will work
into it around the stem if it is lonj
enjuglt submerged.
"Bo, while there are always watch
es to be repalreJ, the months fro it
April to July constitute what yoi
might call the busy season in watct
repairing, and on some days in this)
sinuo'i we may- receive for repair1
twice as many watches as come 'to
us In a day In the course of regular
busir.ess at other seasons of thai
Euontbs running round the year,"
LOYK OF Till: JKW'S HARP.
Some Ils(tnfriilihel IVi'dirnii'i-s I li
on the Instruini'iit.
The Jewsharp has been n fas-ill'at'
Instrument under that ttnme in tlili
island for some 400 years, h
Itself of much greater antiquity. In
a Scottish witch trial In 1501 it was
affirmed, says the London Globe, that
a girl named Duncan played "upon
a small trumpe called a JewBtrun.ii"
before the unholy fraternity of
witches on the occasion of their In
vading a church; whereupon hlu Scot
tish Majesty, before whom and hU
Council the trial took place, called
upon the girl to play before hlni a
dance upon her "trumpe," which she
accordingly did.
Several writers of voyages and
travels of the Elizabethan era men
tion Jewsharps, with hatchets, knives,
beads and the like, as suitable wares
to be taken for purposes of barter
w ith the American Indians and other
uncivilized peoples. Sir Walter Ral
eigh mentions that a Jewsharp would
purchase two hens, which seems a
fairly profitable rate of exchange.
The Jewsharp has had Its Pader
ewskl. The late Charles Godfrey
Leland, best known to fame as Hans
Ureltmann, In his "Memoirs," recall
ing his student days In Germany,
mentions a certain Dr. Kcrner, who
performed on the single r.n l doulilo
Jewsharp. Dr. Kemer, says Leland.
"from this most unpromising Inrti'J
ment drew airs of SiH'li exquhirr'
beauty that one could not have Jw.11
more astonished had he lior.r i t:.e
sweet tones of Oriel drawn iroin a
cat by twisting Its tall."
More extraordinary even then fie
performances of Leland's Dr. Ker
ner were those given some SO years
ago In London by a compatriot of his
named Eulensteln. The late Profess
or Charles Tomllnson, wilting In 1S
95, gave his own recollections of
some of Eulensteln's feats. This per
former, he wrote, "excited wonder
and delight by combining as many
as 16 Jewsharps, Including two ac
taves, In one frame, and he managed
to shift them In his mouth so rapid
ly as to produce what was called
fairy inutile. A performance at the
Royal Institution led to his being In
vited to evening parties." One can
hardly imagine a performance on the
Jewsharp as one of the attractions
at the present day Royal Institution.
But the Jewsharp has gone down
In the world. It is no longer play
ed upon at the Royal Institution; no
modem Dr. Burney composes music
for it; nor will it as an article of
barter purchase a single hen.
AXTIQIITV OF AGRICULTI RE.
Probably Originated in South and
East of Europe.
"The origin of agriculture," says
Professor WIegend, of the Univer
sity of Bonn, "Is lost In the mists of
antiquity. We kno-w that in neoli
thic times In Europe eight kinds of
cereals were cultivated, besides flax,
peas, popples, apples, pears, plums,
etc.. At the same time, various ani
mals were domesticated. Among
these were horseB, short-horned ox
en, horned sheep, goats, two breeJs
of pigs, degs.
"In all likelihood agriculture arose
in the south and east of Europe, and
spread gradually in the center, north
and west. A hunting population is
often very averse to even the slight
est amount of worjc that agriculture
requires in a tropical country. The
same holds good, as a rule for pas
toral communities.. In all cases a
powerful constraint Is necessary to
force these people into uncongenial
employment. Fate Is stronger than
will, and at various periods in differ
ent climes hunters and herders have
been forced to till the soil.
"The desert," Professor Wlegand
says in another part of his paper,
"notwithstanding all difficulties of
communication, offered more facili
ties than the sea to early man; it
had, in fact, three manifest advan
tages over the Mediterranean: (1)
The desert penetrates further into
the interior of the country. It Is
several tiineB larger than the Medi
terranean, and can therefore, tap
more countries; it reaches to pre
cisely those richest countries that the
Mediterranean does not touch. (2
The desert does not oblige the pastor
to seriously modify his mode of life.
In order to traverse the desert it Is
necessary to arrange the Journey in
stages; but these stages, once cre
ated, the pastor can live In his own
way. (3) A numerous troop can
cross the desert. They travel In
caravans for greater safety and de
fense against possible attacks.
'Such are the reasons which caus
ed early man to travel over the des
ert before voyaging over and utiliz
ing the sea."
Ail-Propellers.
Count Zeppelin, whose experiments
with a gigantic airship over the Lake
of Constance attracted world-wide
attention some few years ago, has
devised a novel form of propellers
Intended to drive light-draft boats
and launches.
Instead of operating in the water
Zeppelin's propellers, like those used
to drtvo balloons, rotate in the at
mosphere. They are speoially In
tended for use in very shallow wat
ers, and In tropical rivers which
contain so many aquatic plants that
the propeller of an ordinary boat be.
comes clogged with them. Boats
having a very light draft can bo
skimmed along with such propellers
at the rata of several miles an hour.
Alexander Brothers & Co.,
DEALERS IN
Cigars, Tobacco, Pipes, and
Confectionery.
o
Fine Candies. Fresh Every Week.
- JFet:n"2- Goods -a. Specialty.
. HAVE YOU SMOKED A
ROYAL BUCK or JEWEL CIGAR?
ASK YOUR DEALER FOR THEM.
ALEXANDER BROS. & CO., Bloomsburg, pP.
IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF
Carpets, Rugs, Hatting and
Draperies, Oil Cloth and
Window Curtains
( You Will Find a Nice Line at
W. M. B ROWER &
BLOOMSBURG, PENN'A.
(
WHY WE LAUGH.
"A Little Nonsense Now and Then,
Is Relished by the Wisest Men:'
Judge's Quarterly, $1.00 a year
Judge's Library, $1.00 a year
Sis Hopkins' Hon., $1.00 a year
On receipt of Twenty Cents, we will enter your name
for three months' trial subscription for either of these bright,
witty, and humorous journals, or for One Dollar will add
Leslie's Weekly or Judge for the same period of tinrr
Address
Judge Company
225 Fourth Avenue New York
3-21
I 1 1 5
a 1
B 1 t 1
SUSPENDERS
11 a
WILL OUTWEAR THREE
OF THE ORDINARY KIND
More clastic, non-rum I na parte
Absolutely unbreakable IrHtbttT
OvaranUtd beet C0o aupebr vade
t'n be had In light or hwjr weight for
man or youth, filrt length hiim price,
SUITABLE FOR ALL CLASSES
If ynnrdpnler won't .npply yoa
we will, inmipHid, for U) rnu.
S4 for Ttlubl. frM boaklrt,
" Comet Oral 4 lupoador fttylM.'
HEWES & POTTER
LartMt liipnln Hikon 1b Um World
1214 HI Llaoolatt KoMoa, looo.
I
:s3
W. L. Douglas
AND
Packard Shoes
are worn by more men
than any other shoes
made.'
Come in and let us
Fit Yoa With a Pair
W. H. MOORE,
Corner Main and Iron Sts.,
BLOOM SB LRG PA.
:ifi
Visiting cards and Weddine invi
tations at the Columbian office, tf
i'
:
r
Our Pianos
are the leaders. Our lines in
clude the following makes :
ClIAS. M. STIEFF,
Henry F. Miller,
Brewer & Pryor, Koiilfk &
Campbell, and Radel.
IN ORGANS we handle the
Estey, Miller.H.Lehr & Co.
AND BOWLIIY.
This Store has the agency Jor
SINGER HIGH ARM SE II
ING MACHINES und
VICTOR TALKING
MACHINES,
WASH MACHINES
Helby, 1900, Queen, Key
stone, Majestic.
J. SALTZEtf ,
Music Rooms No. 105 West Main
Street, Below Market.
BLOOMSBURG, PA
! s