8
THE COLUMBIAN. BUOOMSRr.W'V
THE COLUMBIAN.
BLOG..ISLIURG, lV.
THUKSIAY, NOV KM BI'.R 21, 1907
Improve ! School Laws f r I'enn'a.
Stale Commission Chooses Supt. SchaRerat
111 Head Suggestions Invited from Sup
erintendents, School Rcard3 ard all
Olltcrs Interested In Education.
Sweeping reforms are looked for
from the labors of the special com
mission named by the governor of
Pennsylvania to revise and codify
the school laws in county, town and
city, which bt'an its uvrk in Phila
delphia. The session was devoted
to a prtliminar y discussion of the
laws and the planning f thede'ails
of the commission's h;p ction.
The members also formulated a
circular letter soliciting suggestions
from school superintendents, teach
ers and other citizens of the state
as to the best laws for the public
schools.
Dr. Nathan C. SchnfTer, presi
dent of the Commission, and sup
erintendent of the slate schools
said : "Philadelphia is the only
large city where the appropriations
are not given to the Hoard of Edu
cation, and it is a poor system."
The commission will undoubtedly
recommend a change in the law.
Possible recommendations that
the commission will make were,
however, touched upon lightly.
Members discussed the school sys
tems of first, second and third class
cities, but came to no definite
decision on the question. The work
of collecting the laws of the state
for inspection was placed in the
hands of John S. Rilling of Krie,
former chairman of the Democratic
State Comnittee. The rest of the
sessions was spent by the commis
sion in trying to grasp the work iu
all its bearing and details.
The next meeting will be on
December io and 1 1 in Philadelphia.
That the members will not be satis
fied with reports from outside par
ties is shown bv the fact that the
first day has been set aside for in
spection of the Philadelphia schools.
The meeting on Dec. i : will be
executive, but several public meet
ings will be held shortly alter
The circular letter formulated by
the commission is as follows :
"The General Assembly of Penn
sylvania at its last session provided
for the appointment of a commis
sion to collate and reduce to one
act all the school laws ot Pennsyl
vania now in force, 'and to prepare
and submit such bills to the Legis
lature as they shall deem necessary
to make the public schools of this
Commonwealth more comprehen
sive, efficient and adapted to the
needs of the citizens.'
"The members of this commis
sion, by appointment of the gover
nor, desire to call the attention of
superintendents, School Eoards,
teachers and others interested in
the problem of education to the
importance of the work of the com
mission, and to enlist their interest
and aid in the wise accomplishment
of this work.
"For this purpose they invite
you to send to this commission any
suggestion for the improvement of
the school system and school law
ot the Commonwealth. The com
mission suggests that you consult
leading teachers, and especially
teachers' and directors' organiza
tions, and give it the benefit of their
experience and views, as well as
your own. You are especially re
quested to call the attention of the
commission to any local school laws
which in your judgment should be
replaced."
. .
"Peeping Toms" in Tree.
Sons ot Prominent Men Caught Near Select
Girls' School.
"Peeping Toms" have been
roosting high in the treetops of
classic Wayne, and too close to the
windows of the Armitage School, a
select educational institution exclu
sively for girls.
Defending the prestige the insti
tution enjoys for its careful guar
dianship of those entrusted to its
training, the school officials recent
ly invoked the offices of Chief Has
ket and his police to watch out for
trespassers on the grounds. A
couple of nights ago two youths
climbed to the lofty height of a tall
pine tree to watch the girls study.
The policemen were on the job.
The offenders proved to be the
sons of prominent fami'ies, it is
said, and for the sake of their sires
were allowed to go with a severe
reprimand."
These officers are cowards. If
these young rowdies were poor, or
without friends, they would be sent
to prison. Put belonging to "prom
inent families," they are allowed to
run, disgracing themselves, their
fathers and the o:iVers of the law.
X. kVi 'C 7tm
fctastht
at
llw Ui Veil H i d siwarc Boris
Catarrh
Whether it ia of the nose, thront,
etomach, bowels, or more delicnte or
gans, catarrh is always debilitating and
should have attention.
Tho discharge from the mucous
membrane in because- this is kept in a
state of Inflammation by an impure
condition of the blood. Therefore, to
cure, take the best blood purifier,
Hood's Sarsapariila
In nnt llnuM form or rWolatPd tablets
known n Sarsxtnb8. l"0lnp St.
GEKMAXY'S SCHOOL BATHS.
Excellent Sanitary Work, ami Pro.
nioU-9 Good Habit in Children.
School bnths are a settled fentiire
of popular school organization In
Germany, and of late they have de
veloped Into a largo sized school
problem. No system In use pave en
tire sutly faction and nil the sanitary
experts have been busy devlhlng
better ones.
The douche has been Ineffectual
and vapor baths are Injurious to
many children; tub baths have been
frowned upon as tending to spread
all sorts of germ diseases; every
scheme, of course, hud to be
economical to have any practical
utility.
Tho latest plan and the one whlcb
comes nearest to solving the prob
lem In the Judgment of the school
authorities is the invention of Karl
Ilausson, a Berlin sanitary engineer.
Ho proposes to construct batteries
of baths, consisting of sixteen cir
cular tubs sunk In the P.oor of the
bathroom, with wide alleys between
them in both directions.
The tubs are bowl shaped without
any sort of seam or angle and arc
constructed of cast iron covered with
white enamel. Each measures
about 30 Inches iu diameter by 14
in depth. The drain pipe is In the
very lowest part of the hollow, so
avranged as to draw off every purtJ
clo of wuter.
Around the edire of each tub ia a
copper tube pierced for spray af in
tervals of two inches throughout
its length. The Jets are turned
back word against the walls of the
tub so that they can bo used either
to fill it or to wash It out thoroughly.
All these tubes are controlled by
a single valve and the drainage of
tho tubs Is also led into a single es
cape pipe, so that the process of
emptying, washing and retllliiig can
be porformed with a minimum of
labor. Over each tub there Is a
6hower.
Tho bathing drill consists In thor
ough washing with antiseptic soap
in water at a temperature of 90 to
05 degrees. After ten minutes the
tubs are simultaneously emptied
and tho showers are turned on. be
glnnntg at the temperature of the
bath and cooling to about CO degrees.
When the children leave the tuba
these are thoroughly sprayed out and
refilled, the whole process taking
about Ore minutes. Thus in an
hour three sets of children, or 4S
altogether, can be bathed efficiently
and under strictly sanitary condi
tions, with plenty of time to spare.
The consumption of water is about
1,250 gallons an hour and coal about
SO pounds.
Send Your Cow, Steer, and Horse Hides,
Calf. Dog, and other Skins, to the Cros
by Frisian Fur Company, Rochester,
N. Y., to be converted into Fur Coats.
Robes, Gloves, Mittens, or Rues. Thev
are the largest custom Fur tanners of
large wild and domestic animal skins in
the world. Send for illustrated catalog.
11-14-4L
DsErt F-ui?.
In ni pnrt. of t!ie world di At
ntnln pmater perfpet'on of p't" "irt
fldvr thnn nt t!-e oasis nf P1t
Snrlnirs In the Colorndo Prt of
northern f:i!!forn!a. Thev r'nen "r
l'pr thm eloew-iip-p, nnd th" hundreds
of bnfpq of this fruit rent out nnnunjb
by wh'tes nnd Indians are eagerly
soucM nt fsri"y price".
rrs-lnn and Eyntlan dite3 nr
pro-,vn hero, where the cHnme Is al
most a dunllcnte of that In their nat
ural habitat. Oranges. lemons,
peaches, plums, grapes, melons, v
tables and profusions of beauflf'il
ftowrrs grow luxuriantly. A p-T"'u!
desrrt willow circles velvet mer.dows
where scores of cattle browse.
DR. KENNEDY'S
FAVORITE
lr Remedy
It backed by orer SO yean of
remarkable euccom In the cure of
Kidney, Liver nnd Wood troubles,
and the dlseasua peculiar to wo
men. Not a patent medicine, but
a prescription used by Dr. David
Kennedy In lili large and saoccsa
ful practice long before be placed
it before the public The formula
li In keeping with atrict scientific
nrlnf Inlf.a anrl mmrw r.l. uullnn
-JJ"-M3i of the blulieatatandlno have pre
scribed Dr. David Kennedy'! Favorite Itcmody for
Hi- ir patient. Tbn eutenient can be proved uIiko
lutely. We bave never claimed that Favorite Kent
arty will cure all can'i of Kiiln.y, Liver and Uladder
diseases and aanociated ailment, but tlie fw-t ro
niulin that it has cured many canoe practically aban
doned bv nhvflU lain.
Un you sutler from any Aangerona symptoms of
money, i,iver anu monu irouuiei,? nave yon paiu
In back, clomly urine with sediment, puln In punning
water. couHtluation. Uln urontinn. elcf If so.
on't delay, but use Dr. David Kennedy's Favorite
kemedy at once. You may have a sample bottle
tnd booklet containing valuable advice mailed abso
lutely free bv almnlr writing Dr. David Keunedv'a
kons, ItondouL N, t. Mention tUia paper, Large
tvUJea 11.00, at ail dnvglfla.
M1CROHK3 DESTROY' lMPEIC
German Find Tliey Cnuw It Dis
coloration untl Decay.
Germany has been looking Into
the question why paper does not last
forever, and has come to the conclu
sion that Its decay' is largely duo to
bacteria. They Injure the texture
and destry the color.
The brownish siots which appear
In old books and which nre known
to English bibliophiles as foxing are
really due to the Bacterium prod-
glorum. This tiny destroyer Is es
pecially fond of starchy media; and
its propagation Is promoted by damp.
It has long been known that damn
produced foxing, but the share of tlm
mtcrobo In tbe operation, has not
hitherto been suspected.
Then there Is a tiny fungus or
mould, Penlr.illlum glancum. It In
responsible for gray and black marks
upon old papers and In spotting the
surface it also helps to break down
the fabric and hasten the process of
Its destruction.
There are many other microscopic
enemies of paper nnd they abound
chiefly In those which ure glazed
with gelatine. Given a little mois
ture and a little heat and these will
multiply In the surface of a picture
or a diploma on highly Mulshed paper
Just as they would In tho culture
tube of a biologist.
Several methods of fighting these
bncteria are proposed. One Ir to
substltite for animal i-ltie n"'cs.
lug fine paper glazes made from
roMn.
These, it is said, give equally good
results and totally defy the inva
sion of microbes. It is also proposed
to Introduced chemical agents la the
manufacture of paper which aro
known to bo fatal to microbes.
This, however, Involves many com
plications. When tho paper Is to be used for
water color painting nnd printing In
colors, almost all chemicals are
barred as they are apt to combine
with the pigments In tho course of
time and completely destroy them
But for ordinary writings papers,
small quantities either of blchlorldo
of mercury or of antiseptics of the
carbolic class may be Introduced w ith
out impairing tho use of paper for
ordinary purposes, whether writing
or printing, and at tho same time
rendering It proof against the ordin
ary processess of decay.
Tat of the Rubber Gatherer.
Very bluck Is tho picture of Kongo
life drawn Jv E. D. Morel. Ho
says: "Out there in the forest, the
broken man through the long and
terrifying watches of tho night
what is his vista in life? Unending
labor at the muzzle of the Alblnt or
the cap-gun; no pause, no rest. At
the utmost, if his fortnightly toil
of rubber Is sufficient, if leaves and
dirt have not mingled In too great
proportion with the Juice, ho may
find that lie has four or five days
a month to spend among his house
hold. If so, he will be lucky, for
the vines are ever more difficult to
find; the distance to travel from his
village greater. Then the rubber
must be taken to tho white man's
fine station, and any number of de
lays may occur before tho rubber
worker may leave the station for
his home. Four or five days' free
dom per month that Is the very
maximum he can expect. Five days
to look after his own affairs, to be
with his family, and always under
the shadow of the sentry's rifle.
uut now orten in the year will such
good fortune attend him?
"Shortage on one occasion only
will entail the lash, or the chain and
detention worse, perhaps, if th
white man has a fever or an enlnrs-eri
spleen that day. And If he flinches!
ir, starting from an uneasy sleep
there in the forest, when shapes
growing out of the darkness Dro-
clalm the rising of another dav, hi
wakens to the knowledge that his
basket Is half full, and that he must
begin his homeward two days' march
betimes not to miss the roll call,
his heart falls him, and be turns
his face away, plunging Into the
forest, fleeing from his tormentors,
seeking only one thing blindly to
get away from his life and all that
it means what will happen?
"Well enough he knows. Has he
not seen the process with his own
eyes? Father, mother or wife will
pay for tho backsliding In the host
age house. And whither shall he
flee? The forest with Its privations
by day, its horrors by night. There
he must live, seeking such nourish
ment as roots and berries will afford.
Could he gain soma other village tn
tho hope that it may be a friendly
one? But there the sentry will he
also, and his doom as a deserter is
sure."
Origin of "Whip Dotf Day."
St. Luke's Day Is also called Whip
Dog Day In the almanacs, which
refers us to the quaint offices of dog
whlpper and sluggard waker, that
used to held generally by one per
son attached to every chnrch. As
late as 1857 there Is a record of one
of these officials at Dunchurch, who,
armed with a wand that had a fork
at the end of it, used to go round tho
church during sermon time and wake
tho sleepers by crooking it around
their necks. Sometimes tho wand
had a fox's brush at the other end,
with which to arouse lady sleepers
more courteously. In Bomo places
the whip for driving dogs out of
church is still preserved; and re
cently the schoolboys had a custom
of whipping the dogs out of the
street on St. Luke's Day in a similar
way. A curious entry In tho Wake
field church accounts runs thus:
"1703: For hatts, shoes and hoses,
for sexton and dog whlpper, 18s 64."
NIAGARA'S PAST AND ruTURL.
What Geology Proves as to tho Life
of the Palls.
8Ir Charles Lyell roughly pstlnr'ed
the time required to cut the seven
tulle gorge nt about 30.000 years. A
survey wns first made In 1S12, a::.l the
exact position of the falls at that time
was mapped. Later surveys wero
made at Intervals down to 1890. The
portion of the Horeshoe Falls at th
! time of the different surveys Is shown
tn tbe following sketch:
X 1 I
1 T ' ' 1
The average yearly recession for
the American falls is ,C4 foot, that of
the Horseshoe 2.18 feet. Thus wo
may assume that the mean recession
of a cataract combining tho volumes
of both falls, such as existed through
out moist of tbe period of excavation,
would l:o at least three feet, a year,
ontl perhaps as much as four or five,
rays Prof. C. J. Maury In tbe New
York Port.
The way in which the cataract re
cetkn can be seen in both the Ameri
can and Horseshoe falls today. This
Is shown In tho accompanying sec
tional view of the Horseshoe falls
taken from O. K. Gilbert's work.
Tho resistant Lock port or Nlngira
limestone (a) forms the cap. ThU Is
underlaid by the softer Rochester or
Niagara shale (b) which rests upon
tho harder Clinton limestones and
shales (c). These overlie the soft
Medina sandstones and shales (d)
and fc). The pounding and rebound
of tho falling waters wear away th?
comparatively soft sandstone and
shale from under the hard llmeslouo
cap and result In the formation of
temporary caves of which the "Cave
of the Winds" Is an example. In the
course of time the undermining pro
gresses so far that the roof breaks
down from lack of support. The crest
line of tho falls Is then suddenly
changed and the cave Is in ruins. The
fallen blocks are subsequently Lroken
up by abrasion and the debris is car
ried away by the stream. Table
Rock, which fell In June, 1S30, was a
rtrlklng example of the falling masses
of rock. After such a downfall the
undermining process begins anew, and
other caves are made and obliterated
as the gorge grows upstream.
The birth of Niagara occurred at
the close of the last glacial period.
This ice invasion marks the close of
the tertiary and the opening of the
quaternary era of geologic time. For
years It has been a matter of contro
versy whether primitive mun existed
on this continent In pre-gluclal times.
Tho advocates of tertiary man have
hoped to find human remains or paleo
lithic implements beneath the till
(rock debris deposited by the Ice),
but up to the present such relics bave
not. been found In this position. Paleo
lithic Implements have, however, been
liscovered In glacial gravels (till,
later worked over by water). These
deposits would be approximately of
the same age as Niagara's gorge.
Man thus seems to have existed on
this continent at least as long ago as
the birth of Niagara fallf. This, by
nn average estimate, we may put at
rome 20,000 or 25.000 yearn.
Tho present rate of waste of the
banks he measured as over one-fourth
of an Inch a year, or a total of 610
cubic yards per tnllo. From this he
stlmated that 10.000 years would bo
required for the entire chanjre of the
banks since they were first left ex
posed to the action of the atmosphere
by the recession of the falls.
In shooting, as In other sports,
thorough luxurlousness is now regard
ed by modern shooters as a prime
necessity of enjoyment. They have
their leading done for them, their
birds are driven to them and in great
ly increased numbers, their luncheon
hours are devoted to the best In many
courses of food and wine, and they
get home by motor as quickly aa poa
tlble after shooting Is over.
JERSEYS
Combination and Golden Lad
FOR SALE 2 Cows, 3 Heifertt
aud 12 Bulls.
8. E. NIVIN, Landunburg, Pa.
e" sjj
FURS
Mailable kinds sold Iter
and we tell you Just what
you: are buying We stand
hack of our Furs, Miggci;
variety than ever
Alexander Brothers & Co.,
DEALERS IN
Cigars, Tobacco, Pipes, Confec-:
tionery and Nuts.
O s
Fine Candies. Fresh Evory Week.
2rEiriT"ir Goods .a. Specialty.
SOI.K AGKMS FOR
JUPITER, KING OSCAR, WRITTEN GUARANTEE, I
COLUMBIAN, ETC. 2
Also F. F. Adams & Go's Fine Cut Chewing Tohacco.
ALEXA.NDEII KI103. & CO., P.loomsburg, Pa. ;
(9
(a IF YOU ARE IN NEED
Carpets, Rugs, Hatting and )
Draperies, Oil Cloth and )
nr 1
vvmuow
You Will Find a Nice Line at
v r, v toy i v fs' jfj
g BLOOMSBURO, PENN'A. J
WHY WE LAUGH.
"A Little Nonsense No7i and 7 hen,
A Relisted by the Wisest Men:'
Judge's Quarterly, $1.00 a year
Judge's Library, $1.00 a year
Sis Hopkins' Hon., $1.00 a year
On receipt of Twenty Cents, we will enter vour name
for three months' trial subscriDtion for either of these bright.
witty, and humorous journals, or for One Dollar will add
Leslie's Weekly or Judge for the same period of time.
Address
Judge Company
225 Fourth Avenue New York
3-21
WE ARE SHOWING
NEW FALL SHOES
Fop Women.
These cool nights and fresh
breezes remind ns that it's
time to lay the oxfords away
and get into shoes once
more. We have many new
lasts and attractive features
in the John Kelly
FALL LINE FOR WOMEN
$3, $3.50 and $4!
Malce your selection before
sizes are broken.
W. H. MOORE,
Corner Main and Iron Sts.,
BLOOM SB URG, PA.
Visiting cards and Wedding invi
tations at the Columbian office, tf .
r.aaon to
HAsYTAtAfa & SfifV
0)
OF
r .4 .
uriains o;
Our Pianos
are the leaders. Our lines in
clude the following makes :
ClIAS. M. STIEFF,
Henry F. Miller,
Brewer & Pryor, Koiiler &
Campbell, and Radel.
1 IN ORGANS we handle the
Estey, Miller.II.Leiir & Co.,
AND liOWLBY.
This Store has the agency or
SINGER HIGH ARM SE IV.
ING MACHINES and
VICTOR TALKING
MA CHINES.
WASH MACHINES
Helby, 1900, Queen, Key
stone, Majestic.
J.SALTZEtf,
Music Rooms Aro. 105 West Main
Street, Below Market.
BL Q OMSB UR G, PA