2 THE COLUMBIAN, BLOOMSBURG, PA, WAR ON THE LAZINESS GERM. EVIL OF UNIVERSITY TRAINING. MM I MI After Thirty Years of Obscu rity His Bust Accepted HIS INFLUENCE FOR GOOD4 He win (Grossly Misunderstood, Called n Free Thinker mid Kcof fir AgnliiPt Uellmi ills Haired of Oppression in Any Form nntl Sympathy With the People. The bust of Thomas Paine, pre nted to Memorial Hull and not ar med, lias finally found a resting te In Independence Hall, Phlla 'ihla. It is safe to Fay tlint had ine never written the "Ape of v son" or the "Nights of Man" he oiild have enjoyed a very different o:,:iitatlon, and his m.-niory, Instead it being shuddered it by pious per sons, would have hern lauded for the part he took In effecting American Independence. As It Is, he Is known mainly as a free thinker and a scof fer against religion. Hut whatever Palne's religion or irreliglon may have been, he de serves well of all who believe in the Declaration of Independence, nil who believe that In 177G the time had coi.ie for America and Kngland to j)in t company.. In the autumn of 1775 there were few, even among the Whits, who were ready to avow themselves In fnvor of independence. But the Idea of permanent separa tion grew In favor during the winter and spring. Public o; inlon was al rri'dy gradually drilling toward In dependence when I'ainc's pamphlet "T eeinun Sen; ';" made It a cer tainty. The effect of this pamphlet in preparing the popular mind for the Declaration of Indepcndcncecan not be overestimated. The bold were confirmed and the waverers emboldened. Everybody read It and 100,000 copies were at once taken. Before the demand ceased 500,000 copies were put out; In France espe cially Its vogue was great. When we reflect that Paine had lived in America less than two years when "Common Sense" appeared, his performance appears Indeed re markable. Shortly after his arrival in America he became the editor of the Pennsylvania Magazine. During eighteen months, says his biogra pher, Mr. Conway, there probably never was the same amount of good literary work done ou a salary of 50 a year. "Common Sense" was happily named. It is written straight from the shoulder and abounds in argu ients which all could understand. t showed the Inconvenience of sub- Uion to a nation 3,000 miles dls ;ut, to say nothing of the humllla- . if m t Hit Bust of Thomas Paine. Hon and profitlessness of it. The time for the connection with Eng land to cease was the date of the battle of Lexington, in short, Puine made what had been vaguely In men's minds seem immediate and in sistent. Says an eminent English historian: "He saw beyond prec edents and statutes and constitution al facts or fictions, into the depths of human nature; and he knew that if men are to light to the death it must lie for reasons which all can under stand. " After tho establishment of the American Republic, Paine, unfor tunately for his reputation, decided to return to England and open the eyes of the people. He, of course, sympathized with the French Revo lutionists, and aired his sentiments in "The Rights of Man," written in reply to Burke's "Reflections on the French Revolution." For the work of a furious demagogue and incen diary, it is singularly temperate in tone. Having made Englund too hot for him he went to Franco, where, incurring the suspicion of Robes pierre, he was thrown into prison. The first part of "The Age of Rea son," Just written, was now pub lished, and his reputation in the United States was at once destroyed. The indignation here was as great as In England, and general misappre hension concerning Paine, lasting to tho present, has been the result. Ho returned to America in 1802 and lived under the cloud of popular dls approbation till his death in 1809. New York Times. Nearly erery Chinaman can read, but about 90 per eent. of the women are entirely uneducated. lllfl Sop y Science to Convert the Shiftless Porto Illran Into a Worker. The problem is the familiar one of education In the elementary prlncl clples of hygiene and sanitation. Re cent Investigations have shown that 90 per cent, of the rural population of Porto Rico are sufferers from the rnvages of the "laziness germ," dig nified by science with the name of unclnarln. Their apparent laziness Is actually the result of a well-defined ninlady, known as unlclnnrlasls or ankylostomiasis, and more of n scourge to the inhabitants of the island than the dreaded "Yellow Jack" in its palmiest days. Antl lmperlnllsts, however, can find little comfort In this, for it hns now been discovered that the laziness germ has made its appearance in the Uni ted States. Despite the existence of this strange malady in the United States proper, it has not yet attracted gene ral attention. Widespread as it is in tropical and semi-tropical climates, in the temperate zone it can thrive only under exceptionally favorable conditions, notably in mines, tunnels and other works in which the labor ers are exposed to infection through muddy water. The responsibility thrust upon the United States by the acquisitions of recent years is being realized now more fully than ever before, and medical men, who in the ordinary course of events will never come In contact with any of the mal adies peculiar to tropical and semi tropical peoples, are keenly alive to the Importance of the problem. Tho unwillingness to labor hard and long displayed by the average Porto Hi can is really physical incapacity, the result of Inoculation with the "lazi ness germ." Although of such long standing in tho world the little germ did not arouse much stir In the medical world until 1S79, when the tunnel ins; of the great St. Gothard pass through the High Alps began. On the progress of this engineering feat the eyes of the whole civilized world were bent, and when the laborers began to sicken and die by the hun dreds the secret of the mysterious epidemic was sought for until it was found to be the same germ that is now working such havoc in Porto Rico. Retween the climate of a high Alpine pass and of Porto Rico there is little resemblance, but in the tun nel itself much the same condition prevailed as on the island to-day. Men worked half naked in great heat, often up to their waists in muddy water and with comparative ly little regard to sanitary precau tions. The unshod West Indian working in the coffee fields or the sugar plantation is exposed to the same danger with the same results. It is a peculiarity of the "laziness germ," so fatal to the development of the natural resources of lands on which nature has lavished all her wealth, that it finds its way into the body more often through the skin than through the mouth. For this reason uncinariasis has been called a poor man's disease, and the poorer he is the more exposed is he to In fection. Once within the body the tiny paraslto makes Its way unerringly to the digestive tract and there feeds at leisure upon the blood of his vic tim. The peasant is usually found to be inoculated not once, but many times, with these germs the favo rite entrance being through the feet and the effect is as if a multi tude of little veins should be opened and allowed to bleed. Under this continuous drain the patient's blood becomes thin and watery and the In ability to take any violent exertion, from which the uncinaria derives its popular name of the "laziness germ," becomes more and more pronounced. In cases where the victim escapes further infection and has good food and plenty of it, time usually works his cure. These are, however, un usually favorable conditions. The mass of Bufferers confined in a nar row valley or a coffee plantation on a mpuntainslde are affected again and again. As they grow weaker their earning ability grows less and food becomes scarce. Thirty per cent, of the deaths in the island it is esti mated, are due to uncinariasis, and this Is exclusive of the unknown numbers who, weakened by years of suffering, fall a ready prey to more violent maladies. Such a curse has the disease become that to tho sim ple "jibero" it is "la muertl natu ral," tho natural death. Where Children are Sold. On tho same Bteamer by which I reached Benguela there were five little native boys, says a writer in Harper's Magazine, conspicuous in striped jerseys, and running about the ship llko rats. I suppose they were about ten to twelve years old, perhaps less. I do not know where they came from, but it must ha 'e been from some fairly distant part of the interior, for like all natives who see stairs for the first time they went up and down them on their hands and knees. They were travel ing with a Portuguese and within a week of landing at Benguela he had sold them all to other white owners. Their price was 500 mllrels apiece (nearly 10.) Their owner did rather well, for the boys were small and thin hardly bigge than an other native slave boy who was at the same time given away by one Portuguese friend to another as a New Year'a present. But all through this part of the country I have found the price of human beings ranging rather higher than I expected, and the man who told me the price of the boys had himself offered one oi them at that figure, and was biniplj passing on the offer to myself. Held to Be Worth $50,000,000 a Year to the Nation. EXTENT OF ITS WARNINGS Mensoi'es Neeibvl to Increase Their Accuracy 1'scfulncn of the Data Collecled in Carrying Out Irrlgn gallon Enterprises Vast Sums Expended by the Government. In each State and Territory there are now anywhere from 50 to 150 sets of standard thermometers and rain gages that are read dally by cooperating observers who serve without compensation. All of the dally records of each State are sent to a central ofllce of tho bureau, where the reports are compiled, printed and distributed. Each State center exchanges reports with all the other centers, says the New York Sun. It is probable that no other part of the work of tho United States Gov ernment has done more to aid In the development of tho extensive arid and sub-arid regions than this growth and extension of the cllmato logical service of the Weather Bu reau. The value of these data Is now being brought prominently Into view by the vast irrigation schemes which are being undertaken nnd which would bo seriously handicap ped without such knowledge as is afforded by these readings. The rec ords nt tho different States, espe cially those In the West, nre being drawn upon to tho fullest extent, al though In many of the mountainous regions the data nre still incom plete. Another important Innovation re cently introduced Is the measuring in the mountain regions of the West of the amount of snow that falls ear ly enough in the winter to become solidified and remains until spring, when It melts, and thus supplies the water for Irrigation purposes. It has been found that a pretty fair es timate can be made of the amount of reserve water that can be relied upon for periods of drought by knowing the quantity of snow that has fallen in the early winter months. The many ways In which the Gov ernment meteorological service en ters into the great economics of such a thrifty agricultural, manufactur ing and commercial people as the Americans are remarkable. No other government devotes so much money to the study of the weather; none is so successful in applying meteorolog ical knowledge to its industries. The dlscllpine and perfection of this service is better comprehended when one realizes that within two hours from the time that 200 sepa rate scientific observers, scattered over an area that measures 2,000 miles in almost any direction, have read their Instruments, the data have been collected from at least 100 of the principal cities of the United States, committed to printed charts and tables and placed before all of the grent commercial, marine nnd other associations that have learned to base their operations of the day largely on the weather report, and 620,000 maps, bulletins, forecast cards or telephone messages contain ing the forecasts are distributed in tho next hour or two In various parts of the country. This may seem impossible, but it is a fact, and Is accomplished only by eliminating from the Weather Bureau all politics or favoritism and placing each observer and ofll clal under rigid, as well as fair, dis cipline. The Weather Bureau Is not a place for sinecures or for the hous ing of favorites of Senators or Rep resentatives. This organization is largely the life work of tho present chief, who spent nineteen years in working through its various grades before reaching the chlefshlp. When asked wht he thought of the prospects of further Improvement In the accuracy oi the bureau's forecasts and warn ings, h" said that while the Weather Service, through its cold wave, flood nnd marine warnings and its cllma tolng'.cal and crop reports, doubtless contributed to the value of Ameri can industries to the extent of at least $50,000,000 annually, and pos sibly several times that amount, there was still an element of error in the forecasts that could not be overcome with our present knowl edge of the pure science. He believes that, as Congress feels Itself fully justified in appropriating nearly $1,500,000 annually for the application of our present knowl edge of meteorological science, it will be wise economy to make one of the 200 stations an Institution for pure research, where the more re cent discoveries of the physicist, the chemist and tho astronomer can be studied, with the most Improved ap paratus, by scientists of the highest order, in their relation to the various intricate problems of the air. Physicians in the Philippines. To supply the medical and sani tary needs of the Philippines 2,000 or 3,000 native physicians and sani tarians should be educated there during the next twenty years. There is an unique opportunity for tho es tablishment of the ideal university and affiliated professional schools In the Philippines, and there will be no laok of earnest, capable students. Paper car wheels made by pres sure from rye-straw paper are good enough to take a second set of steel tires after the first set has been worn out by a ruu of 300,000 miles. Andrew Carnegie Says It Unfit n Man for Active Business. An American who was recently a guest of Andrew Carnegie at Bklho Castle sends to The New York World an account of his visit, from which the following Is an excerpt: The subject of education came up, A learned Dutch Baron declared that ninny people are overeducated. "Yes," remarked Mr. Carnegie, "Lord Reay, here, who speaks five languages, knows too much." In reply to a question the philoso pher of Sklbo launched out this way: "One of the aberrations of the age Is the sacrifice of time to ancient classics on the part of young nien preparing for a business career. A man with a university education Is a man lost to commerce. A young man who begins business at eighteen Is very much better off than he who spends three or four years In a uni versity studying rufflnns who lived two thousand years ago. Study ing skirmishes among savages in the classics Is no preparation for a mnn going Into the iron, steel or coal business. Greek and I. at In nre no more use than Choctaw, except to the few. Why should English sailors have to learn the language of Virgil, Horace and Cicero? English officers study classics. What's the result? They have foolish courage. Instead of saving themselves they allow themselves to be shot nnd say they are dying for their country. I prefer an officer who would make an In telligent run when necessary nnd then come back nnd live for his country." "Do you condemn university edu cation for all?" "ily no means. I am speaking of the nselessness of university educa tion for the young man who has to make his way In life. The man who i.) born to wealth can do as he pleases. He has no interest for me. He rarely amounts to anything, any way. Those preparing for profes sional pursuits should go to the uni versity by all means." "Do you make any exception?" "Yes; clergymen. "University education Injures them. It leads them to higher criti cism. They begin to pick flaws In the Bible. The moment they begin that they are done for; they are no good for religion. They lead to Intellect ual and religious anarchy." A remark by Mr. Carnegie about looking to the masses of the people to cure social Ills led to a conversa tion upon democracy. "Are you still as devout a be liever In the people as when you wrote 'Triumphant Democracy,' Mr. Carnegie?" I queried. "Yes," he replied. "Years have made me love that teaching more nnd more. If democracy does not succeed, then there is no hope for humanity. The classes have failed: now democracy Is getting a show. I have no fear for democracy In Amer ica. When things begin to go se riously wrong there the people set them right with a sudden jerk. "What is the greatest American institution?" I asked. "The public school house." "What makes America so great?" "Equality and the fact that Its foundation was laid by u colonizing race." "Does your republicanism dimin ish by absence?" "No. it Increases. I am more re publican than if I had been born in America, for I realize better the meaning of the word republic. The great thing is to be a citizen and not a subject." I called Mr. Carnegie's attention to the British flag flying beside the Stars and Stripes over tho castle. At once his blue eyes flashed fire and ho replied, "Scotland has annexed Eng land, not vice versa." Talking of annexation he said, "Canada will yet annex us, so will Mexico. Both will ask the privilege of coming into the Union. We will not force them. The request if properly proffered will not be re fused. We should have taken Cana da in the war of Independence. It would have been Just us easy. From this the conversation drifted to temperance. Turning to one of his guests, who had the stuff of a social reformer in him, Mr. Carne gie said: "I have the best temperance lec ture in Scotland. I give an Increase of 10 per cent. In their wages to all my men who come to mo at the end of the year and tell me they have , been total ubstalners. It works like a charm. They are all temperate; all have money in the bank. My young chauffeur might retire to-morrow and the lntereston his money , would bring in $C00 a year." j "Do they ever pretend to be ab- ' stalners when they are not?" I asked. "No. A Scotchman will not He to you. He knows his Bible and his Burns. It may be the Bible, but I think it Is the Influence of the na tional poet, who taught them that a 'man is a man for a' that.' ' Japanese Advertisement. Here are some advertisements by Japanese merchants. "Our wrap paper is as strong as the hide of an elephant," says one. "Goods for wardod with the speed of a cannon ball," is another. "Our silks and satins are as soft as the cheeks of a pretty woman and as beautiful as the rainbow." "Our parcels are packed with as much care as a young mar ried woman takes of her husband." The French War Department is experimenting with a machine gun which is to fire 300 bullets in lost than a second. r AS'cectablcPrcpnralionrorAs-similalingllicFood.indWcgula-ting Hie Stoinnchs and Dowels of Promotes DiMlion.Choorrur ness and Rest .Contains ncillicr Opuim.Morpliine nor Mineral Th'otNakcotic. Alx.SmMt I firm. f J. ClmhMl.iiMf llMfwi riavm Aprrfccl Remedy for Constipa tion, Sour Stomach, Diarrhoea Worms .Convulsions .revrrish ncss nnd Loss OF SLEEP. Facsimile Signnlure of NEW'YOnK. EXACT COPy OF WRAPPER. List of Jurcrs for Dtcember Term (MIAMI J I Holts I!elliline, Lewis, FiwIiiiiKcreck. Hnwer. If. F.. Uriiirereek. Curl, Joseph, Cntuwifxa twp. Casey, Win. J., lllocinlurK. Capwell, Win. 8., Klonmsburg. Cttlp, W. A., lleruick. I'Myur, John, lletiton twp. r reus, I '. . iserwiek. Fritz. Itav. Jackson. (lirton, A. K., l'ine. Hummer, tieorge, Sn-jarlonr. llirlcinan, C. ., Benton lioro. Hughes, John, Locust. Hnuch. C. It.. Main. John, Wesley J , Alain. 1cmon, Theodore, tireenwood. Miller, S. A., (ireenwnod. l'ensyl, liny, lUooiuslmrtf. Khouils, Isaiah, Cleveland. Kuckle, John, JSenton twp. ltoberls, W. it.. Catawissu twp. Kunyon, U. W , IllooniKburjr. Rice. Clem. HlonniMlmrir. Struueh, Klnier I., Jackson. JL'KOIt.S KIUST WKKK Alpeter, Kev. Peter, Cntnwissn. Adams, Kiimnticl, Locust. Homlmv, l'aul, liloomsliurir. Jilunk, Levi, Berwick. Crevelinjt, Daniel, liloomslmrg. Coll'man, Win,, illooinsburg. ('adman. 11. F., Millville. Derr, Calvin, Jackson. Fairchlhls, J. M., I'.riurcreek. Ooodliart, Win., Mitllin. (iirton, Clark. Main. Ceriit.v, Win. J., Centralia. Hoagland, Alfred, Konriugereek. Hess, II. '., Mitllin. Hauck, J. S. Miilliu. HuKcnbuch, O. J)., Stillwater. 1 lei wig, Charles, Locust, liartuian, Charles, Hemlock. Ikcler, U.K., llloonislmiK. Johnson, Chester M., Madison. Kline, Clark, Ureen wood. Lemon, Klliot, Fisliingcreek. Mummy, Albei t, Heaver. Menscli, Win., Montour. Murray, (ieo. L.. Catawissa twp. Nuss, J. 11., Main. Oliver, Daniel, Berwick. Old. Austin, Scott. O'Jirinn, O. !., Benton lloro. Huekle, Taylor, Montour, l'ulmer, lliram, Blnoiiishurg. Klioads, Clark, Cleveland. Iteilly, C. M Blooinsluiri;. Koiulurmel, Win. (I., Conyngliain. Iticliart, John A Boaringcreek. Kalston, Hoy, Bloomslmrg. Sliultz, D. A., Madison. Snyder, Henry W., Cleveland. Stevens, Klins, Jackson, Vunsickle, Floyd, Sugnrloaf. Wliitinoyer, It F., J'ine. Thomas, . W.. Madison. Trump, t'lms., Orange twp. Yaple, Jeremiah M., Fislnngcrreek. Yorks, C. F.., Sugurlonr. Yeager, Wilson, Berwick, llippensteel. Joe, Scott. Ferguson, Win., Bloomslmrg. J unoit.s si:ros i) w kkk Ash, W. S., Brlarcreek. Betz, Miles V Blooinwbtirg. Brobst, M. L., Mt. rieasant. ('batnl)erluin, James, 1'iuo. Crawford, Clinton, Mt. I'leasaut. Clossen, I'ugh, Orange twp. Demott, Cyrus, Millville. Duvis, C. V., Brlarcreek. Kvans, Aimer A., Brlarcreek. lOvans, Warland. Montour. . Urimes, B. It., Millville. Holdren, George, l'ine. Hess, II. G. Uerwiek. Ikeler, B. A., Mt. I'leasaut. Johnson, A. 11., Pine. Kusiiner, Peter, Montour. Kerrigan. James, Conyngham. Kline, Henry, Mt. Pleasant. Kramer, Chas., Madison. Lubor, George, FlMliingereek. Low, Zerliln, Oraiigeville. Lurlsh, C. L., Sugarloaf. Ln.ariiH, Emanuel, Blnnmsburg. Marteenle, Clem., Berwick. Nuss, Henry, Mitllin. . Howan, Dennis, Convnglmin. Huekle, H. J., Mt. Pieusmit, Ktulil, Win., Centre. Savage. John, Jackson. Shnller, K. W.. Mt. Pleasant. Trunin, Jus., Orange twp. I viii- jjicw, u. v., r isiiingoreeK, Welsh, Orvoi, Orange twp. For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the Signature of In Use For Over Thirty Years TMI OrTUK MIPMI. tW TOM OITV. Harliiuin, Pierce, Sugarlout'. Sitler, Sylvester, Centre, tiuer, Win. P., Main. A l enrty appetite docs not ulways indi i cate a healthy condition. It is not (he tpiantiiy of I'hkI which is cnten ,ut the qu.intiiy which is asimilaicd, which deter, mines the actual value of the food consumed. If the stomach nnd organs of digestion rnJ nutrition cannot convert the food into nourishment, and ii to b'ood, then the fud is an injury instead of a beneht. I or all disorders of the stoin.ich ami its allied organs of dicwtion and nutrition, there is a certain remedy in Dr. Pierce's (jolden Medi cal Uiscovery. It removes clo'g ng obstruc tions It strengthens the stomach, nourishes the nerves, enriches the blood and builds up the body. It is a flesh forming, muscle mak ing preparation, making firm tlesli instead of llabby I.t. "Golden Me lical Discovery" contains no alcohol, whisky or inn xican: of any kind, and is equally free fie loin opium. cocaine and all narcotics. Ten Million at Pauper Line. "Ten milligfi people are near th pauper line in tho United States." This statement was made by Robert Hunter, of New York, in an address recently. He said: "These, people are unable to earn enough to get tho necessities of life and maintain physical efficiency. They are dependent to a greater or less de gree upon charity. "Tho fact that ten million people) are in this condition now In fairly prosperous time Is appalling for the future. Of these seven mil lion work when they caa get it, but they aro living o wapes which will barely support them when they are at work, and any slight misfortune mnkes them dependent up on charity. Children to the number of 3,300,000, are Included In these fig ures." Robert Treat Paine, tho Boston phU anthroplst, takes Issue with Mr. Hunt er, and says that he can hardly be lieve there are as many paupers u Mr. Huuter declares. i The Papal Flag. The Papal flag Is comparatively un familiar outside of tho Eternal City. The war flap; of.the defunct temporal power of tho Pope was white, and in its center stood figures of St. Peter and St. Paul, with tho cross-keys and tlrra above them. The fla of tho merchant ships owned by the subjects of the States of tho Church Is a curi ous combination, half yellow nnd half white, with the desi;;ii of tho croaa keys and the white. In the banner used by the Crusader Kltu; of Jerusa lem, Godfrey, the only tinctures Intro duced were the two metals, gold and silver, five golden crosses being placed upon a silver field. This was done with the Intention of making the device unique, as in all other casos it Is deemed false heraldry to placet metal on metal. Chicago Journal. Hugo's Five-Legged Trousers. Thomas Pays, ned twenty-five, without resources, conceived tha Idea of declaring that a pair of checked trousers he possessed had belonged to Victor Hugo. He Immediately start ed to sell portions to credulous col lectors, who paid $20 even for a but ton. Then he began to sell the legs of the trousers, but when he sold a fifth leg bo was arrested on complaint of one of his dupes. New York World. Blind Workers. The only factory In tho world where every employe Is blind Is situated In Philadelphia and maiufanturet brooms. The institution Is purhapa the nuist remarkable In existence, and was founded as far buck of 1874 by Mr. II. L. Hall, himself a blind man. who Is still the ruling spirit of the factory, and whose great dcslro Is to give, employment to every blind man in America. i AW em