6 THE COLUMBIAN. BLOOMSBURO. PA.
SUPREME IN ITS BEAUTY
PAJ-AMERIOAN XP08ITI0ff TO BE
A MAGHiriCENT BUEPRISE.
Birdsrye View of the Great
Group of Splendid Architec
tural Works A Wonderful
Retting of Fountains, Pools,
Plants and Flowers.
It Is promised for the ran-Amorican
Exposition that It will surpass In beau
y any previous exposition In the
vorlds history. It Is also expected
bat It will outrival Its predecessors In
nany other ways, for at no time have
inch wondrous Achievements In all
uts, such perfection In the hundreds
f trades, been attained. But the pur
oe of this article Is to treat. In a gen
eral way, of tho plan of the Exposi
tion, the symmetry of arrangement
tnd the exterior beauty that repro
nts the careful expenditure of several
Billions of dollars. Accompanying this
irticle Is a btrdseye view of the Expo
dtlon plot, Rhowing the magnificent
work In Its complete state. The view
from the south and shows an area
tm mile and a quarter long and half
t mile wide, there being 350 acres In
.he lnclosure. In the Immediate fore
jround Is a portion of Delaware Pnrk,
e of the famous beauty spots of Buf
'Jo. The view shows the Tark Lake,
with the North Bay at the left, and In
he left foreground, south of the bay,
nay be seen a portion of the Albright
Jallery of Art, a beautiful permanent
.mildlng of white marble, the gift of
Fohn J. Albright of Buffalo, and cost
ng over $100,000. North of the Bny Is
the. New York State Bnlldlng, also a
lermancnt structure of marble. These
two buildings are in the style of Greek
temples, one containing reminders of
the Parthenon and the other resom
"llng somewhat tho Erechthoum upon
:he Acropolis at Athens.
Between the North Bay and the Lake
tha City of Buffalo has built at large
expense a new and beautiful bridge of
"leavy masonry, known as the Bridge
tt the Three- Americas. This bridge
r-arries the broad thoroughfare which
leads from the main southern entrance
to the approaches of the Exposition, as
een In the foreground Just north of the
Lake. On the northern shore of the
Lake Is situated the life saving station
Tected by the Federal Government
where daily exhibitions will bo given
"jy a crew of ten men showing tho uses
if modern life saving apparatus as em
ployed upon our coasts. Hidden from
flew, upon the southern bank of the
Lake, a beautiful casino and boathouse
ias also been built by the City of Buf
falo for Exposition uses.
The symmetrical grouping of build
ings will be at once noted by the ob
server. Beginning at the formal ap
proach, Just north of the Lake, the eye
rouows nortnwara uetween two rows
-if ornamental columns to what Is
tnown as the Forecourt. East of this
ire the State and Foreign buildings,
; forming In themselves a very Interest
- jag feature of the Exposition. Near
: hese also are the buildings for the spe-
lal ordnance displays representing the
products of several hundred manufac-
tirles In this line of work. West of the
. forecourt will be the outdoor horticul-
ural displays and the Women's bulld
og. We cross now the Triumphal
bridge, which will be remarkable for
ts tall plors, richly ornamented with
tatuary, the product of the genius of
arl Bitter, the director of sculpture,
tnd other famous sculptors. On either
dde are the Mirror Lakes which form
part of the Grand Canal, more than a
olio In length, which surrounds the
uain group of buildings.
We come next to the Esplanade,
rhlcb Is nearly two-fifths of a anile
ong aud 450 feet wide. The western
nd of the Esplanade is Inclosed by the
dortlculture, Graphic Arts and Minos
wildings. The eastern end is shut In
y the Government group of three
urge buildings. Sunken gardens wHU
iaborate fountains and many groups
tt sculpture occupy the two arms of
toe Esplanade, and the decorative fea
area throughout this broad space are
lery numerous and beautiful. North
f the Esplanade Is the Court of Foun
alns, with the Ethnology building on
he right and tho Music building on
i be left. Two subordinate courts also
. pen into the Esplanade from the
i lortb, the cae on the right being
nown as tlie Court of Cypresses and
..be one on the left as the Court of
-I allies. Next, mortb of the Ethnology
-ujus iu iue i igui uuu iroauug upon
he Court of Fountains, Is the Manu
f acrores and Liberal Arts building aud
. -a the opposite Bide the Machinery and
transportation building. In the Court
. .f Fountains is a large pool, having an
- rea of about two acres and contain-
ng many beautiful fountains. Pro-
. .eeaiag again northward we come to
. bo Mali, a broad avenue, half a mile
.ong, extending from the eastern
boundary to the western gate of the Ex
OBitlon. Fronting upon the Mall on
:ie right Is the Agriculture building
i nd on the left the Electricity building.
Vo now arrive at the mow conspicuous
mature of the Exposition, the massive
mectrlo Tower, 3'Jl feet in height
'1 bis tower stands between the Court
t Fountains and the Plaza, In a
road pool, about two acres In extent.
This will be tho most ornamental
restore of the great Exposition and
Mrill be the centerpiece for special and
Iaborate electrical illumination. lm
uedlately north of the Electric Tower
tbe Plaza, with Its beautiful sunken
tardea and bandstand In the center,
'be Propylaea or monumental en
'ranees at the north, the entrance to
(be Stadium on tho east and the en
trance to the Midway ou the west.
It should lie understood by every In
tending visitor that the Exposition will
present the most beautiful spectacle
that twentieth century genius can pro
vide. By flay there will be a moat
pleasing display of floral and fountain
effects. The many buildings, with their
elaborate and delicate tracery of orna
mental plastic work and their radiance :
of color, the many groups of statuary I
In every part of the grounds, will con
stltute a picture never before parallel- i
ed. At night all the buildings will glow i
with the soft radiance of thousands of
electric lights, making a scene of un- I
rivaled brilliance and splendor, llalf '
a million lamps will be used In the
plectrical Illumination.
It should also be added that tho Mid
way at the Exposition will be tho most
extensive and novel that has ever been
prepared. It will be 3,000 feet long,
having more than a mile of frontm.
Over 30 very Interesting features, many
of them covering several acres, will
make up this gigantic collection of
wonders.
The athletic features of the Ernonl.
tlon will be shown In tho Rfninm
which covers about ten acres of ernnnd
and contains a seating capacity for
more than 12,000 people. All of th
exhibit buildings will be filled to com
pletion with the very latest nmrinrt
of Pan-American genius and industry
and will offer an opportunity for every
-inquiring minu to learn a most Inter
esting lesson of New World progress
and civilization.
The power for Exposition uses Is fur
nished principally from Niagara FaUs,
which are situated only a few minutes
ride from the Exposition grounds. Buf
falo Is a city of nearly 400,000 popula
tion and Is preparing In every possible
way for the reception of millions of
visitors In 1901. Mark Benihtt.
ttA'MMOTK TURBINES.
Six Near .Ones Forrihe Ma Kara Folic
Power. Company.
A new 'feature of .much Interest has
been aklod to tho delights' Pan-American
crowds will have when they visit
Ningars. Falls to view tho scenie and
Industrie attractions there. In that
favored epot there is already developed
more power than Is nsed In many of
the large cities, but to this developed
force must foe added 30,000 horsepower
that Is to be developed by means of
six new turbines and sir new gener
ators, the contracts for which have
been awarded. These new turbines
are to be tnstaJled In the now whixl
fit now In course of construction. The
design of the new turbines will differ
materially from the desiga of those
now In use In the present wheel pit
This change Is significant .of the fact
that the Niagara Falls Power com
pany Intends that the Installation In
its new plant shall be up to the highest
state of perfection known in this open
ing year of the century. It Is this
knowledge that at Niagara the most
modPfB, the most perfect working pow
er development In the world, .may bo
seen that will Inspire visitors 'to the
Exposition to go there and look upon
the wonders that man has wrought
Each of the six new turbines will
have a cipaclty of 5.000 horsepower,
and ench will be connected to and
drive a 5.000 horsepower generator.
The turbines now In use were designed
by Plccard. Pictet & Co. of Geneva,
Switzerland, while the new turbines
are to be built after deslgus prepared
by Eseher, Wyss fe Co. of Zurich.
Switzerland, the plans of which com
pany were accepted in a competition.
The turbines in the old pit each have
two wheels. wlo the new turbines
ore each to have but a single wheel.
With these new turbines In place
In the wheel pit, the output capacity
of the Niagara Falls Power company
will be 80,000 horsepower. There will
be space In the new pit for five addi
tional turbines, each of 5,000 horse
power capacity, and with those in
place the total output of the two pits
Will be 105,000 horsepower.
Obbiw E. Duniap.
F . " r ilTnssTlis.snssssTl , y if if'TT-V' tw COPYRIGHT Iftoa pv tm dam "ai7T a LfeCfTArT. "fit C-E.r:l
Uj - UIRDS-EYE VIEW
THE WORK OF WOMEN
iXTENSIVE EXHIBITS TO BE MADE AT
THE EXPOSITION.
lrMerements of Women. Will Be
Shown Side by Side With Those of
Men at the run-American Hand
some llnlldlnic For Ileadanarters.
With a view to having the scopo of
Iho Pan-American Exposition as broad
s possible and to Interest the thou
sands of women In the Americas In the
enterprise a Board of Women Mana
gcrs was appointed, consisting of 25
representative women of Buffalo.
In addition to this the governors of
the states and territories were asked to
nomlnato two women each to act as
honorary members of the Women's
Board, these nominations to be ratified
by the Board of Directors of the Expo
sition. The same request was made of
the other Tan-American countries.
As a result of this request from the
Exposition more than 30 states have
honorary members of the Women's
Board, and several Tan-American coun
tries are also represented. The work
of the honorary members supplements
that of the local Board, which has been
divided Into committees and Is now do
ing effective work for the Exposition.
A distinctive point in the plan of the
Exposition Is that the various Indus
tries conducted by women are to be
represented by exhibits In the different
buildings where they may properly be
placed, so that tho achievements of
women will be shown side by side with
those of men. This is the first Exposl-
PAN -AMERICAN EXPOSITION, buffalo.n.y.may! to WOVrBER 1,1901. Vj
tion In this country where such a plan
has been followed and second. It Is
said. In the world. The same arrange-
rment was followed most successfully
. at the Paris Exposition.
It Is In co-operation with tie various
divisions of the Exposition and with
the committees of the Men's Board of
Directors that the Board of Women
Managers of the Pan-American Exposi
tion Is, to a large extent to work. The
following committees nave been ap
pointed: Executive, Entertainments
and Ceremonies. Fine Arts, Education,
Clubs and Organizations, Publicity and
Promotion and Applied Arts. The ma
jority of the members of each commit
tee -belong to the Board of Women
Managers, but In a few Instances ap
pointments have been made outside,
taking In those especially adapted to
carrying out the work of the Women's
Board. To the committee on .Enter
tainments and Ceremonies falls the
pleasant task of looking after the so
cial affairs of the Women's Board
previous to and during the Pan-American
Exposition, arranging entertain
ments of various kinds for the hon
orary members of the Board who visit
Buffalo, aad also entertaining many
prominent women who are to be in
the city during the Exposition months,
A large number of conventions of wo
men are to be held In Buffalo during
the Exposition, but the Women's Board
will not in any way bo connected with
the conventions, although the commit
tee on Eutertalurucnts and Ceremonies
will doubtless eutertain many of the
oQlcers aud other distinguished mem
bers of the various organizations meet
ing in tho city Pan-American year.
The women of BuffaJo have In several
Instances extended Invitations to lead
ing women's organisations to hold
their conventions In Buffalo during the
Exposition, ajid. with Iho desfe to
offer every courtesy possible, the com
mittee on Entertainments and Cere
monies will doubtless do a great deal
to make It pleasant for the visiting
women during their stay in Buffalo,
The committee on Fine Arts of the
Women's Board, In co-operation with
a similar committee from the Men's
Board of Directors, will assist the Di
rector of Fine i ts In arranging for a
representative exhibit at Buffalo of the
work of American artists.
Tne committee on Education will ar
range for a series of educational exhib
its, and possibly educational congresses
will be held In Buffalo during the Ex
position. This committee Is working In
co-operation with the Superintendent
of Liberal Arts and Education. As the
chairman of the committee on Educa
tion of the Women's Board Is president
of tho Women Teachers' Association,
which owns Its building, a commodious
innpier nouse, sne win doubtless do a
great deal toward arranging for a se
ries of educational congresses In Buf
falo during the Exposition, although
the work will not be taken up by the
Exposition Board.
Women's clubs and organizations
have made tremendous progress during
the past few years, and the committee
on Clubs and Organizations of the Wo
men's Board will Hnd ample opportuni
ty for bringing Into prominence the
work of the women's clubs of the
Americas, especially showing the tre
mendous advancement made since the
World's Fair In Chicago In 1803.
In response to many requests from
women's clubs the committee on Tub
llclty and Promotion of tho Women's
Board has been doing a great deal of
effective work In advertising the Ex
position. At several women's conven
tions representatives of tho Women's
Board of the Pan-American Exposition
have appeared upon the programme
and have Interested In this way hun
dreds of leading clubwomen In the
country. Great enthusiasm Is shown
by tho clubwomen of tho United States
and Canada In the coining Exposition,
and In many towns Pan-American
clubs have been formed by the women.
The committee on Applied Arts of
the Women's Board Is trying to secure
representative exhibits of women's
work at the Pan-American Exposition
and with this object In view hopes to
arrange a series of collective exhibits
In the Exposition buildings, principally
In the division of Manufactures. Many
leading Industries conducted by women
will probably be represented In these
collective exhibits. Applications for j
space have been received In large num- ,
bera. ;
A great deal of effective work has
been done through the honorary mem
bers of the Women's Board, with
whom local members have been In
constant cotrespoudenee, with the re
sult that the women of the Americas
are deeply Interested In the Exposition
and In many instances are arranging
for bringing large parties to Buffalo.
Some clubs have formed Pan-American
Bureaus with a view to securing
large numbers to go from their re
spective towns to Buffalo.
Although the women are to have no
building for exhibits at the Exposi
tion, a women's headquarters on the
grounds is to be one of the most at
tractive structures there. It Is well
situated, facing one of the main en
trances to the Exposition grounds on
one side and the beautiful music gar
dens on the other. It Is opposite the
New York State building. The house
was formerly tho home of the Country
Club of Buffalo and Is a very artistic
structure. It has been remodeled to
meet the requirements of the Women's
Board during the Exposition. Brood
verandas surround the house. A large
room on the main floor will be fitted
up for a magazine and reading room,
.where clubwomen visiting the Exposi
tion grounds will find a comfortable j
and quiet resting place. The offices J
of the Women's Board will also be on
the main floor, and there will be a
number of small rooms where lunch
eons may be served. For larger en
tertalnu:ents the magazine and reading
room will be used aud will therefore at
times necessarily be closed to the pub
lic. Dressing rooms and other apart
ments necessary to the comfort and
convenience of visitors at the Women's
Building will be arranged for on tko
second floor of the clubhouse. !
Maijjaw DB Fokest.
TRAVEL AND STUDY CLUBS.
formed In the t'nlted Slates and
raaad Par a Visit to the Pan.
American Exposition.
No one of experience needs to be told
low much tnoro pleasant traveling and
ilghtscclng Is with agreenblo compan
.oris than all by oneself. There Is
iruth In the saying that "a pleasure
lhared Is a pleasure doubled." The
fact that It Is well to know beforehand
lomething of the nature of what Is to
be seen and how to get alxmt with the
imallest loss of valuable time and In
convenience and get Intelligent Ideas
Is equally appreciated by those who
have wandered from their own fire
sides in search of pleasure. It has
been tho experience of thousands of
visitors to Expositions that loneliness,
though In the midst of great crowds,
robbed them of much of the enjoyment
In store and that by reason of not ac
quainting themselves In advance with
what was to bo seen they missed tho
things which might bav appealed to
them strongest.
In view of nil this, the plan of form
log travel and study clubs by thoso
who Intend visiting the Pan-American
Exposition at Buffalo next Summer
which has been adopted In many cities
and villages of the United States and
Canada may be sold to bo an excellent
one. The menil)ershlp of these organi
sations Is composed of people of both
sexes and all ages practically. The
objects are pleasant companionship, ar
rangements for transportation and ac
commodations and an Intelligent and
comprehensive view and knowledge
of the Exposition. The course of study
taken up comprehends everything In
connection with the trip and the Expo
sition and side trips as welL Among
the subjects are the following:
Routes and Bates.
City of Buffalo.
Countries of the Western Hemi
sphere and the New Possessions of tho
United States, (a) Geography, (b) His
tory, (c) Resources.
Pan-American Exposition, (a) Object
(b) Arrangement of Buildings and
Courts, (c) Meaning of the harmonious
architectural, sculptural, floral, horti
cultural, fountain and electrical effects,
with reference to Illustrating the prog
ress of the race, (d) exhibits, (c) amuse
ments. Niagara Falls, (a) Natural Wonders,
(b) Power Development
Much of the Information necessary
to this course of study is furnished by
the Bureau of Publicity of the Fan
American Exposition, Buffalo, while
the remainder is procured by the clubs
from Railway and Steamship offices,
hotels, Information bureaus, libraries
and elsewhere.
This study at ny time would be
very Interesting and valuable, but with
the prospect of amplifying it with a
visit to the Exposition, where the peo
ples of tho different countries and the
varied resources of the Western Hemi
sphere will be assembled, amid splen
dors such as were never before pre
sented to the sight the measure Is
largely Increased.
Elbebt L. Lewis
American Forestry,
Indigenous trees are easily recogniz
ed by the observing inhabitants of any
locality as belonging to certain general
classifications. IMne, oak. elm, maple,
chestnut and some others are so com
mon In most temperate climates that
they are familiar to every one. That
these distinct divisions have been sub
divided Into hundreds of minor classi
fications Is not so well known.
It will be In the province of the ex
hibit at the Pan-American Exposition
to demonstrate in this connection some
exceedingly Interesting peculiarities or
seeming mistakes In nature.
The biggest things In tho way
guns ever built will be exhibited
the Pan-American Exposition.
WATER SPECTACLE,
BEAUTIFUL FOUNTAIN EFFECTS FpR
THE PAN-AMERICAN.
Unexampled Slants to Be Provided.
For Visitors to the Exposition.
Will tse 8S,O00 Gallons of Water
Per Mlnote Far This Feature.
When visitors to tho Pan-American
Exposition view tho fountain dlplays
they will be Inclined to wonder where!
ill the water comes from, so plentiful;
will be the supply. It will be wlthi
theso fountain displays the same as It,
will be with tho electrical exhibit'
There will bo a point a place, at which1
the display will Increase In beauty andi
extent until tho climax Is attained In
snd about the Electric Tower and the
basin thereof. So extensive will this
he that all will recognize the beauty ofl
tho display and look In wondering ad
miration upon the spectacle, which Is
destined to be one of tho most remark-j
sole features or the Exposition. ;
Tho pumping plant that will supply
tue water effects win be located In the
Court of the Machinery and Transpor
tation building. It will consist of 12
pumps having a total capacity of 35,-i
UOO gallons of water per minute.
The engines are all to bo belted toi
their respective pump units, and thejv
will bo required to bo In service from'
10 o'clock In the morning until H:ljl
o'clock at night, a period of 13V4 hours.
Estimating their capacity at 55,000 gal
Ions of water each minute, It Is evident'
that each day during the time they are
to be In service they could pump the!
enormous amount of 27.825,000 gallons-
of water. This water will be used to
serve tho fountain displays at the Elec
trie Tower and basin and also the
Court of Fountains, Including theJ
Fountain of Abundance. Tho water!
will bo taken from an Intake located at
the north end of the Court of Fountains
basin through a 4S Inch suction pipe
it win do ueiivereu py the pumps
through 10 Inch and 20 inch pipes at n'
pressure of 110 pounds per square Inch
to tho fountain orifices. From theso
orifices tho water will stream In nil
shapes from the finest spray Jot to th
solid stream Inches thick that will rise
high in the air. I
At the Fountain of Abundance thol
sight will bo all tho name Implies.
There will bo an abundance of water.
and It will bo In motion. Beyond the
Fountain of Abundance will be the
Court of Fountains, and this basin will
do lined with large Jets of water
thrown vertically. They will be known
as pillar Jets. In this basin will also
bo located beautiful groups of water
figures, all formed In the manner In
which the water Is projected. The wa-!
ter figures will resemble sheaves ofi
wheat, lilies, etc., and they will averago!
12 feet high. On a line through tho
center of the main Court of Fountains!
there will be nil of 20 of each of theso!
figures of surpassing beauty. I
Beyond this still, at the north end of i
tho Court of Fountains, will be tho
Genius of Water. Here in a significant;
group of statuary the sculptor will por-j
tray his artistic conception of what tho'
figure Is designed to represent. Over,
In front of the statuary the water will!
ebulllate, carrying out In most perfect
way the sculptor s Idea. ,
In front of tho Electric Tower. In the:
basin and In the niche of tho Tower!
the climax of spectacular water ef
fects will come with a gorgoousnoss
that will exceed any display of tho!
kind the world has seen. On each!
side of the center of tho structure will'
bo located two groups of water Jets,!
with 20 largo pillar Jets, throwing'
water columns to a height of 50 feet!
On the arc of a circle, whose center Is!
the niche, will be located some 42 largo
Jets, throwing water In parabola curve'
toward the cascades In front of thai
niche. These Jets will be so arranged!
as to make a very ragged stream. Thls!
Btreara will not bo solid, neither will';
It be so broken as In the spray Jets.''
Then out from the niche Itself there
will come a flood of water of 13,000j
gallons per minute, which, by means:
of a deflector, will take the form of ani
Immense water screen or veil, the beau-!
ty of which will linger In the memory, j
Obri.x E. Dunlap.
CYCLING ROUTES.
WUI All Lead to Buffalo Next Sam-
For the accommodation of the largo
number of cyclists who contemplate!
touring awheel to Buffalo and tho Pan-
American Exposition and Niagara)
I Falls next summer a series of "trunk!
I line" cycling routes Is being complied,
They will probably be as follows:
1. New York aud Albany to Buffalo!
(via the Hudson River, the valley ofJ
i the Mohawk and the cycle paths ofl
Central and Western New York).
! 2. New York to Buffalo (via the DeH
aware Water Gap, Scranton, ElmiraJ
Coming and the cycle paths of the
Southern tier of counties).
8. Boston and New England points toj
Buffalo (connecting with Routo No. 11
at Albany).
4. Roston and New England points to
Buffalo (via Providence, New London,
1 steamboat to Greenport Long Island;
cycle oaths of Suffolk Conntv to Brook-'
lyn, connecting with Routo No. 1 or 2
at New York). j
5. Washington, Baltimore and rhlla-j
delphla to Buffalo (connecting with?
Route No. 2 at tho Delaware Water1
Gap or Scranton). !
0. Ft. Louis and Chicago to Buffalo
(via Toledo, Cleveland and Erie). Tho
road from Erie to Buffalo along the!
south shore of Lake Erie, through thff
Crape belt, has been called tho fines
100 mile straightaway In America.
7. Chicago and Milwaukee to Buffalo
(via steamboat across Lake Michigan
to Grand Haven. Detroit, through Can
ada, Niagara Falls).
8. Cincinnati to Buffalo (connecting
with Route No. 0 at Cleveland).
; W. Sheldon Buix