2
| TEXT OF THE HEME
To the Senate and House of Rep
resentatives: Notwithstanding t
added burdens rendered necessary by
the war, our people rejoice In a very
satisfactory and steadily increasing <V -
.gree of prosperity, evidenced by tha
largest volume of business ever record
ed. Manufacture has been productive,
agricultural pursuits have yielded abun
dant returns, labor in all fields of in
dustry Is better rewarded, revenue leg
islation passed by the present Congress
has increased the Treasury's receipts to
the amount estimated by its authors,
the finances of the Government have
been successfully administered and its
credit advances to the first rank, while
its currency has been maintained at the
world's highest standard. Military serv
ice under a common flag and for a
righteous cause has strengthened the
national spirit and served to cement
more closely than ever the fraternal
bonds between every section of the
country.
In my last annual message very full
consideration was given to the question
Of the duty of the Government of the
United States toward Spain and the
Cuban insurrection as being by far the
most important problem with which we
were then called upon to deal. The con
siderations then advanced, and the ex
position of the views therein expressed,
disclosed my sense of the extreme grav
ity of the situation. Setting aside as
logically unfounded or practically inad
missible the recognition of the Cuban
insurgents as belligerents, the recogni
tion of the independence of Cuba, neu
tral intervention to end the war by im
posing a rational compromise between
the contestants, intervention in favor of
one or the other party, ami forcible an
nexation of the island, 1 concluded it
was honestly due to our friendly rela
tions with Spain that she should be
given a leasonable chance to realize her
expectations of reform to which she had
become iriovocably committed. Within
a few weeks previously she had an
nounced comprehensive plans which it
was confidently asserted would be effi
cacious to remedy the eviis so deeply
affecting our own country, so injurious
to the true interests of the mother e un
itry as well us to those of Cuba, and so
repugnant to the universal sentiment of
humanity.
The war continued on the old footing
.without comprehensive plan, developing
only the same spasmodic encounters,
barren of strategic result, that hail
marked the course of the earlier ten
years' rebellion, as well as the present
Insurrection from its start. No alterna
tive save physical exhaustion of either
I combatant, and therewithal the practi
cal ruin ol the island, lay in sight, but
how far distant no one could venture to
) conjecture. At this juncture, on the
15th of February last, oecuncd the de
struction of the battleship Maine while
rightfully lying in the harbor of
Havana, on a mission of international
courtesy and good will—a catastrophe
the suspicious nature and horror of
which stirred the nation's heart pro
, foundiy. It is a striking evidence ot the
poise and sturdy good sense distinguish
ing our national character that this
shocking blow, falling upon a generous
people, already deeply touched by pre
ceding events in Cuba, did not move
them to an instant desperate resolve to
tolerate no longer the existence of a
condition of danger and disorder at our
doors that made possible such a de d, by
whomsoever wrought. Yet the instinct
of justice prevailed and the nation anx
ious awaited the result of the search
ing investigation at once set on foot.
The finding of the Naval Board of In
quiry established that the origin of the
explosion was external x>y a submarine
mine, and only halted through lack of
positive testimony to fix the responsi
bility of its authorship. All these
things carried conviction to the most
thoughtful even before the finding of
the Naval Court that a crisis in our
relations with Spain and toward Cuba
was at hand. So strong was this belief
that it needed but a brief Executive
suggestion to the Congress to receive
immediate answer to the duty of mak
ing instant provision for the positive
and perhaps speedily probable emer
gency of war, and the remarkable, al
most unique, spectacle was presented
of a unanimous vote of both houses on
the 9th of March "appropriating $50,-
000,000 for the national defense, and for
each and every purpose connected
. therewith—to be expended at the dis
cretion of the President." That this act
of prevision came none too soon wus
disclosed when the application of the
fund was undertaken. Our coasts were
practically undefended. Our navy need
ed large provision for increased am
munition and supplies, and even num
bers, to cope with any sudden attack
from the navy of Spain, which com
prised modern vessels of the highest
type of continental perfection.
Our army also required enlargement
of men and munitions. It is sufficient
to say that the outbreak of war, when
it did come, found our nation not pre
pared to meet the conflict. Nor was the
apprehension of coming strife confined
to our own country. It was felt by the
continental powers, which on April G,
through their Ambassadors and En
voys, addressed to the Executive an ex
pression of hope that humanity and
moderation might mark the course of
this Government and people, and that
further negotiations would lead to an
agreement which, while secuiing the
maintenance of peace, would afford all
nec*hsary guarantees for the re-estab-
Ushrncnt of order In Cuba. In resp nd
ii*g to that representation I said I
shared the hope the Envoys had ex
pressed that peace might be preserved
In a manner to terminate the chronic
condition of disturbance in Cuba, so in
jurious and menacing to our im.:\iais
and tranquillity as well as shocking to
our sentiments of humanity; and while
appreciating the humanitarian and dis
interested character of the communica
tion they had made on behalf of the
Powers, I stated the confidence of this
Government, for its part, that equal ap
preciation would be shown for its own
interest and unselfish endeavors to ful
fill a duty to humanity by ending a sit
uation the Indefinite prolongation of
which had become insufferable. Grieved
and disappointed at this barren out
come of my sincere endeavor to reach a
practicable solution, 1 found it my duty
to remit the whole question to the Con
gress. In the message of April 11, 1898,
I announced that with this last over
ture in the direction of Immediate
peace in Cuba, and its disappointing
reception by Spain, the effort of the
Executive was brought to an end. In
view of all this, the Congress was
asked to authorize and empower the
President to take measures to secure a
•full and final termination of hostilities
between Spain and the people of Cuba
and to secure In the island the estab
lishment of a stable government, ca
pable of maintaining order and observ
ing Its international obligations, Insur
ing peace and tranquillity, and the se
curity of Its citizens as well as our own,
and for the accomplishment of these
ends to use the military and naval
forces of the United States as might b*
necessary; with added authority to
continue generous relief to the starving
people of Cuba.
The response of Congress, after nina
days of earnest discussion, during which
the almost unanimous sentiment ol
your body was developed on evt ry point
save as to the expediency of coupling
the proposed action with a forma!
recognition of the republic of Cuba as
the true lawful Government,of that
island—a proposition which failed of
adoption—the Congress, after confer
ence, on the 19th of April, by a vote of
•12 to 35 in the Senate, and 311 to 6 in
the House of Representatives, passed
the memorable joint resolution. This
resolution was approved by the Execu
tive on the next day, April 20. A copy
was at once Communicated to the Sj un-
Ish Minister at this capital, who forth
with announced that his continuance in
Washingti n had thereby become impos
sible, and asked for his passports,
which were given him. lie thereupon
withdrew from Washington, leaving the
protection of Spanish interests in the
United States to the French Ambassa
dor and the Austria-Hungarian Minis
tor. Simultaneously with its communi
cation to the Spanish Ministet here
General Woodford, the American Minis
ter at Math id, was telegraphed con
firmation of the text >r the Joint reso
lution and directed to communicate
with the Government of Spain, with the
formal demand that it at once relin
quish its authority and government in
the Island of Cuba and withdraw its
forces therefrom, coupling this demand
with announcement of the intentions of
this Government as to tne future of the
island, in conformity with the fourth
clause of the resolution, and giving
Spain until noon of April 23 to comply.
That demand, although, as above shown,
officially made known to the Spanish
Envoy here, was not delivered at Mad
rid.
On April 22 I proclaimed a blockade
of the north coast of Cuba, Including
ports on said coast between Cardenas
and Bahia Honda and the port of Cien
fuegos in the south coast of Cuba, and
on the 23rd lr.6t. I called for volunteers
to execute the purpose of the resolu
tion. Due notification <f the existence
of war as aforesaid was given April 25
by telegraph to all other governments
with which the United States maintain
relations, In order that their neutrality
might be assured during the war. it is
not among the least gratifying inci
dents of the struggle that the obliga
tions of neutrality were impartially
discharged by all, often under delicate
and difficult circumstances.
our country thus, after an interval
of half a ivniury of peace with all na
tions, found itself engaged in deadly
conliict with a foreign enemy. Every
nerve v. 1 as sfain d to meet the omerg
ency; the response to the initial call for
125,000 volunteers was instant and com
plete, as was also the result of the
second call of May 25 for 75,000 addi
tional volunteers. The ranks of the
regular army wore increased to the
limit provided by the act of April 20,
1898.
The enlisted force of the navy on the
15th day of August, when it reacln d its
maximum, numbered 24.123 men and ap
prentices. (hie hundred and three ves
sels were added to the navy bv pur
chase one was presented to the Gov
ernment, one leased and tin? f >ur ves
sels t t..- International Navigation
Company—the St. Paul, St. Louis, New
York and Paris—were chartered. In ad
dition to these the revenue cutters an l
lighthouse tenders were turned over to
the Navy Department and became tem
porarily a part of the auxiliary navy.
The auxiliary navy was created under
the authority of Congress and was offi
cered and manned by the naval militia
of the several States. This organiza
tion patrolled the coast and performed
the duty of a second line of defense.
The Signal Corps was promptly or
ganized and performed service of the
most difficult and important character.
Its operations during the war covered
the electrical connection of all coast
fortifications, the establishment of tele
phonic and telegraphic facilities for the
camps at Manila, Santiago and in Porto
Rico.
The national defense fund of $50,000,-
000 was expended in large part by the
army anil navy, and the objects for
which it was used are fully shown in
the report of the several secretaries.
It was a most timely appropriation, en
abling the government to strengthen
its defenses and make preparations
greatly needed In case of war. This
fund being inadequate to the require
ments of equipment and for the con
duct of the war, the patriotism of the
Congress provided the means in the
war revenue act of June 13 by author
izing a 3 per cent, popular loan not to
exceed $400,000,000 and by levying addi
tional imposts and taxes. Of the au
thorized loan, $200,000,000 were offered
and promptly taken, the subscriptions
so far exceeding the call as to cover it
many times over, while, preference be
ing given to the smaller bids, no sing'e
allotment exceeded $5,000. This was a
most encouraging and slgniticant re
sult, showing the vast resources of the
nation and the determination of the
people to uphold their country's honor.
• : is not within the province of this
message to narrate the history of the
extraordinary war that followed the
Spanish declaration of April 21, but a
brief recital of its more salient features
is appropriate. The first encounter of
the war i:- point of date took place
April 27, \.<ien a detachment of the
blockading squadron made a reconnais
ance in force at Matanzas, shelled the
harbor forts, and demolished several
new works in construction.
The next engagement was destined to
mark a memorable epoch in maritime
warfare. The Pacific fleet, under Com
modore George Dewey, hud lain for
some weeks at .Hong Kong. Upon the
colonial proclamation of neutrality be
ing issued and the customary twenty
four hours' notice being given it ie
paired to Mb a Hay, near iiong Kong,
whence it proceeded to the Philippine
Islai*l* under telegraphed orders to cap
ture or destroy the formidable Spanish
fleet then assembled at Manila. Not a
life was lost on our ships, the wounded
only numbering seven, while not a ves
sel was materially injured. For this
gallant achievement the Congress, upon
my recommendation, fitly be.-towed
upon the actors preferment anil sub
stantial reward.
The effect of this remarkable victory
upon the spirit of our people and upon
the fortunes of the war was instant. A
prestige of invincibility thereby at
tached to our arms, which continued
throughout the struggle.
Meanwhile the Spanish naval prepar
ations had been pushed with great
vigor. A powerful squadron under Ad
miral Cervera, which had assembled at
the Cape Verde Islands before the out
break of hostilities, had crossed the
ocean, and by its ei ratio movements in
the Caribbean Sea delayed our military
plans, while baffling the pursuit, of our
lleets. Not until Admiral Cervc-ra took
refuge In the harbor of Santiago de
Cuba, about May 19, was it practicable
to plan a systematic naval and military
attack upon the Antifflan possessions of
Spain. Several demonstrations oc
curred on the coasts of Cuba and.
Porto Rico in preparation for the larger
event; On May 13 the North Atlan
tic squadron shelled San Juan de
Porto Rico. On May 30 Commodore
Schley's squadron bombarded the forts
guarding the mouth of Santiago Har
bor. Neither attack had any material
result. It was evident that well ordered
land operations were indispensable to
achieve a decisive advantage. On June
10, under a heavy protecting fire, a
landing of 600 marines from the Ore
gon, Marblehead and Yankee was ef
fected In Guantanamo Bay, where it
THE COLUMBIAN, BLOOMSBURG, PA.
had been determined to establish a
naval station. This important and es
sential port was taken front the enemy
after severe fighting by tlie marines,
who were i ii• ii i-1 organized force of
the United States to land in Cuba.
The position so won was held despite
desperate attempts to dislodge our
forces. By June 16 additional forces
were landed and strongly intren led.
On June 22 the advance of the invading
army under Major General Port*r
landed :\t Daiquiri, about 15 miles -at
of Rnntli go. in in "IR *i •• •
under great difficulties, but with mar
velous dispatch. On June 23 the move
ment against Santiago was begun, on
the 24th ult. the flist engagement took
place, in which the First and Tenia
Cavalry anl the First United States
Volunteer Cavalry, General Young's
brigade of General Wheeler's division,
participated, losing heavily. By night
fall. however, ground within five miles
of Santiago was won. The advantage
was steadily increased. On July 1 a se
vere battle took place, our forces gain
ing the outworks of Santiago; on t!%
2d El Caney and San Juan were taken
after a desperate charge, and the in
vestment of the city was completed.
The navy operated by shelling the
town and the coast forts.
On the day following this brilliant
achievement of our land forces the 3d
of July occurred the decisive naval
combat of the war.
The Spanish fleet, attempting to leave
the harbor, was met by the American
squadron under command of Commo
dore Sampson.
In less than three hours all the Span
ish ships were destroyed, the two tor
pedo boats being sunk and the Maria
Teresa, Almirante Oquendo, Vizeaya
and Cristobal Colon driven ashore.
The Spanish Admiral and over 1.300
men were taken prisoners, while the
enemy's loss of life was deplorably
large, some GOO perishing. On our side
but one man was killed, on the Brook
lyn, arid one man seriously wounded.
Although our ships were repeatedly
struck not one was seriously injured.
Where all so conspicuously distin
guished themselves, from the com
manders to the gunners and the un
named heroes in the boiler rooms, each
and all contributing toward the
achievement of this astounding vic
tory. for which neither ancient nor
modern history affords a parallel in the
completeness of the event and the mar
velous disproportion of casualties, it
would be invidious to single out any
for especial honor. Deserved promotion
has tewarded the more conspicuous
actors. The ration's gratitude Is due
to all of these brave men, who by their
skill and devotion in a few short hours
crushed the sea power of Spain .and
wrought a triumph whose decisiveness
can scarcely he measured. Nor can we
le unmindful of the achievements of
our builders, mechanics and artisans
for their skiff in the construction of
our warships. The capitulation of Kan
? tiago followed. The city was closely
besieged by land, while the entrance
J of our ships into the harbor cut off all
• relief on that side. After a truce to
j allow of the removal of non-combatants
protracted negotiations continued from
j July 3 t' July 15, when, under menace
of immediate assault, the preliminaries
I of surrender were agreed upon. On the
| 17th General Shatter occupied the city.
The capitulation embraced the entire
eastern end of Cuba.
I The individual valor of officers and
soldiers wus never more strikingly
! shown than in the several engagements
• leading to the surrender of Santiago,
while the prompt movements and suc
cessive victories won instant and uni
versal applause. To those who gained
this complete triumph, which estab
lished the ascendency *of the United
States upon land as the fight off San
tiago had fixed our supremacy on the
seas, the earnest and lasting gratitude
of the nation is unsparingly due. Nor
should we alone remember the gallantry
of the living; the dead claim our tears,
and our losses by battle and disease
must cloud any exultation in the result
and teach us to weigh the awful cost of
war, however rightful the cause or sig
• nal the victory. With the fall of San
tiago. the occupation <f Porto Rico b -
came the next strategic necessity. Gen
eral Miles had previously been assigned
I to organize the expedition for that pur
-1 pose. Fortunately he was already at
Santiago, where he had arrived on the
lith of July with reinforcements for
General Shatter's army. On July 27 he
entered Ponce, one f the most lmpor
! tant ports in the island, from which he
thereafter directed operations for the
capture of the island With the excep
tion of encounters with the enemy at
Guyama, Hormagueros, Coamo and
Yauco, and an attack on a force landed
at Cape San Juan, there was no serious
resistance. As a potent influence to
ward peace the outcome of the Porto
Rican expedition was of great conse
quence, and generous commendation Is
due to those who participated in it.
The last scene of the war was enacted
at Manila, its starting place. On Aug.
15, after a brisk assault upon the works
by the land forces, in which the squad
ron assisted, the capital surrendered
unconditionally. The casualties were
comparatively few. By this tiie con
quest of the Philippine Islands, vir
tually accomplished when the Spanish
capacity for resistance was destroyed
by Admiral Dewey's victory of the Ist
of May, was formally sealed.
The total casualties in killed and
wounded in the army during the war
with SptAn were: Officers killed, 28; en
listed men killed, 257; total, 260; officers
wounded, 113; enlisted men wounded.
1,464; total, 1,557. Of the navy; Killed,
17; wounded, G7; died as result of
wounds, 1; invalided from service, G;
total. 91.
It will be observed that while our
navy was engaged in two great battles
and in numerous perilous undertakings
in blockade and bombardment, and
more than 50,000 of our troops were
transported to distant lands and were
engaged in assault and siege and battle,
and many skirmishes in unfamiliar ter
ritory, we lost ip both arms of the ser
vice a total of I.GGS killed and wounded;
and in the entire campaign, by land and
sea, we did not lose a gun or a flag or
a transport or a ship, and with the ex
ception of the crew of the Merrimac,
not a soldier or sailor was taken pris
oner. On Aug. 7, forty-six days from
the dale of the landing of General
Shatter's army in Cuba, and twenty
one days from the surrender of San
tiago, the United States troops com
menced embarkation for home, and our
entire force was returned to the United
States as early as Aug. 24. They were
absent from the United States only two
months. It is fitting that 1 should bear
testimony to the patriotism and devo
tion of that large portion of our army
which, although eager to be ordered i<
the pest of greatest exposure, fortun
ately was not required outside of the
United States. They did their whole
duty, and, like their comrades at the
front, have earned the gratitude of ♦he
nation. In this connection it is a pleas
ure for me to mention in terms of cor
dial appreciation the timely and useful
work of the American National Red
Cross, both in relief measures prepara
tory to the campaigns. In sanitary as
sistance at several of the camps of as
semblage, and, later, under the able aih.l
experienced leadership or the president
of the society, Miss Clara Barton, on
the fields of battle and In the hospitals
at the front In Cuba. In tracing these
events we are constantly reminded of
our obligations to the Divine Master for
His watchful care over us and His
guidance, for which the nation makes
CONTINUED ON PAGE SIX.
A Choir Ang|l-
The small son of the people and
his little sister were inside the great
West Philadelphia church for the first
time. " Urn—m—my! but it's a
beaut place," he whispered. " I bet
people wot belong here comes every
time dey can." Iler breath came to
her in little gasps. Her soiled little
fingers pressed on his with thrilled ir
tensity. Her eyes fastened on tie
splendid chancel. "Heaven mus'le
nex' door," she said. They hardlv
moved throughout the service, and
never once let go each other's hands,
for it was as a strange land. At last
the sweet choired procession of choir
boys came down the aisle. At iis
head was a slim young sereph, with a
face as fair and pure as the linen he
wore. Faint, dark circles beneath
his e)es completed the ethereal ef
feet. "Is dem angels ? " The little
girl began, but stopped short, sur
prised at the look on her brother's
face." " Dat kid in front's Bill Griggs,
wot I licked last week fer swipin'
tings trom ole Mrs. Maguire's apple
stand. He ain't got over dem black
eyes I gev 'mi yet. Come on let's
git out." His face was stern and set
as they went. She furtively wiped a
tear.— Philadelphia Record.
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Beautiful cards, lithographed in colors,
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boy:," want a good, big, juicy steak, >
roast or < hop when business or school (
duties are over, and we can cater to j
them all. Our stock of prime treats is
unexcelled for quality, and we send ■
them home in fine shape. j .
J. K. KKIL- ER. I
SALT RHEUM CURED QUICK. —Or.'
Agnew's Ointment cures Salt Rheum, i
and all itching or burning skin j
disease in a day. One application j
gives almost instant relief. For itching j
Blind or Bleeding Piles it stands with- \
out a peer. Cures in from three to six ,
nights. 35 cenis.—6S.
Sold by C. A. Kleim.
i
h
Hoax—"So young goldrox has 1
taken a wife. What was her maiden !
name?" Joax —"Her maiden aim !
seems to have been to marry Goldrox, I
and she proved an unusually god shot '
for a woman."
CASTOR IA
For Infants and Children. j
The Kind You Have Always Bought
Signature of
THE MARKETS.
BLOOMSBURG MARKETS.
COKKBCTKD WKKKLY. KRTAIt FBIOSI
Rutterperlb $ ,20
Eggs per dozen .24
Lard per lb .08
Ham per pound .09
Pork, whole, per pound ,06
Beef, quarter, per pound.... .07
Wheat per bushel .80
Oats " " ,35
Rye " " .50
Wheat flour per bbl 4.40
Hay per ton 9 to $lO
Potatoes per bushel .70
Turnips " " .25
Onions " " 100
Sweet potatoes per peck .20
Tallow per lb .05
Shoulder " " .C 9
Side meat"" .c 8
Vinegar, per qt ,05
Dried apples per lb .05
Dried cherries, pitted .12
Raspberries .la
Cow Hides per lb .3J
Steer " " " .05
CalfSkin .80
Sheep pelts. 75
Shelled corn per bus ,60
Corn meal, cwt 1.25
Bran, " 9S
Chop "
Middlings "
Chickens per lb new ,c 8
" " old c 8
Turkeys " "
Geese " " .14
Ducks " " ci,
COAL.
No. 6, delivered a.60
" 4 and 5 " 3 85
" 6 at yard 137
" 4 and 5 at yard 3.6 a
PATENTS
Caveats and Trade Marks obtained, and al
Patent business conducted tor MODERATE
OT'li OFFICE 18 OPPOSITE THE U. 8. PAT.
KNT OFFICE. We have no siib-aßencles, al
business direct, lionce can transact patent busl'
ness In less t me and at Less Cost than those re
mote from Washington.
snd model, drawing or photo, with doeortp
tlon. We advise if patentable or not, free of
.hargc. Our fee not due till patent Is secured
A book, How to obtain Patents," with refer
tjJSn 8 "^ Wa 1,1 your State, County, o
town sent free. Address
C. A. SNOW it co„ Washington, I'. C
(Opposite V. 8. Patent. Odlcc.)
PARKER'S
HAIR BALSAM
Pro* n ' C ' lu ' J tho
Never Falls to Hcntoro Gray
( Unir | ou j,^h u } iiui£ r *
n-v'i-iUf.
Jr y the COL UMBIAN a year.