6 THE FEVER IN CUBA. MOW AMERICANS WILL ROOT OUT THE DISEASE. Umi Weyler's Calculation That the "fellow Jack" Would Fight Wholly on the Side ol Spain 1h Mot Without Folate ef Interest. When the Spanish butcher, General Wayler heard that the United States am concentrating troops for the In vasion of Cuba, he cooly remarked— "Bie yellow fever will kill half of tham and we shall dispose of the other haK." Weyler In threatening our amies with this scourge seems to for get that he really furnishes this gov emnent with an excellent and most oagnnt reason for ridding ourselves onee for all of the proximity of a pest basse on our borders, and the bslnging of Cuba under the same sanitary con ditions that have practically extirpated the yellow fevei from the Southern parts. Had the United States no high er grounds for Interference In the af fairs of an adjacent island, the filthy and unhealthy conditions under which the Weylers have perpetuated them selves In Cuba would have been alone aaqily sufficient. For until the Span iard Is driven out the yellow fever will remain to be a menace to the health, aad happiness of the people of this na tion despite every effort of Congress to bar It out. Tle United States will not neglect cleanliness, vaccination, and the pro coring of wholesome drinking water for the Cubans, and least of all need there be any apprehensions that our people will encourage the Spanish Idea, that epidemics are specially sent by Qod, and that only In his own good time will they disappear. The benev olent butcher-general need not rely too much either on the decimation of o*r troops by yellow fever which will eventually be driven out with the pious despotism of Spain at the point of the lancet. For meantime we shall burn enough of sulphur to not only kill all those murderous microbes through which Weyler with characteristic cow ardice hopes to overcome the valor of our army, but to keep the name and prowess of the great republic ringing around the ears of the dying dynasty of Spain for the balance of Mr. Wey ler*s natural life. Don Weyler's calculation was that the "Yellow Jack" would fight wholly on the side of Spain. This Is not with out interest. Upon wljat Is this hope based? Is It upon the belief that the microbes love tbc Spaniards and hate the Yankees? It Is difficult to see how Americans would be more amenable td the disease than have been these sol diers which Spain has already sent to Cuba. That the Spanish, however, rely as much on yellow fever as upon the boasted tenacity of their alms to piay havoc with the troops of the United States seem 3 plain enough; and the dread of the epidemic may have some Influence In causing the country to give such attention to yel low fever as It never previously con sidered necessary. About ten years ago a movement was before Congress to establish a commis sion to check the ravages of yellow fever by inoculation. The proposed hill which was backed by the Louisi ana State Board of Health was report ed favorably to the Senate but no sroper action was taken on the sub ject then, though the Investigations bad the effect of Increasing Informa tion on the nature of this disease that is far ahead of any In the possession of Spanish doctors. Yellow fever Is a heritage of the era of slavery. Had we never imported Africans we might never have known what yellow fever was. The virus of yellow fever comes originally In the last resort from the discharge of the -,lck negro and from the scourlngs of slave ships that had been thrown out at the ports of debarkation and which carried back and forward with the How and ebb of the tide fermented under the heat of a tropical sun and so taint ed. the shores of the surrounding at mosphere. The poison first generated In quar ters where the negro lived from which It spread along the shores of the Gulf of Mexico and fructified paVticularly In the mangrove swamps of Cuba and the West Indies. For twenty years after the termination of the Civil War—slavery being continued in Cuba—it raged in Mer-.phls, Mobile and other Southern cities. With us, however, it has long since yielded to science and sanitation though occa sionally the taint has periodically reached us from Havana, —where the virus has fermented end multiplied; being carried Into harbors in trading ships through various vapors on In fected crews. When extirpated from Havana It will be finally eradicated from Its favorite habitat In the breed ing nest provided for it by Spain and from which repeated quarantines, fum igations and disinfections have been powerless to abate Its virulence, prin cipally on account of the dlfllculty of divorcing the Spaniard from his filthy environments, ' Yellow fever like typhoid requires certain conditions for Its development. It arises from noxious exhalations or miasmata, and flourishes In stagnant water or under a hot sun. Badly aired vessels, impregnated with a fetid hu midity, generate it, and these condi tions can be mitigated If it takes an entire regiment of doctors to accom pany our sailors. With competent medical officers, good nursing, proper ventilation of ships and of tents while on bivouac, will, the atmospheric dis turbance due to the discharge of can non and the cor..- yu.-.nt burning of gun. powder, the American troops will softer much leas from fellow fever than is generally supposed wlillq en gaged In reducing Havana. It la the universal testimony of all sanitarians that yellow fever has Its starting point In the lowest and filthiest quarters of " eß P°rt towns, and that wb-u proper conditions are observed It has ceased to be the devastating pestilence which It used to be In other years. It Is also allowed that the worst possible condi tion In which to meet the disease Is one of "funk" and It Is probably either In order to Inspire our troops with fear or to make voluntary enlistment diffi cult, that Spain's ex-Oaptaln-General dwells on the terrors of this much talked of disease. A good deal, too, depends on the habits and condition of health as In typhoid fever at the time of attack; and as the disease Is rapid much de pends upon prompt treatment and ac curate diagnosis. The symptoms are usually an Instantaneous shock at the base of the brain, followed by uncon sciousness and a state of fever. In most cases the stomach is effected and In some cases the gums and nostrils bleed. The Immediate cause as stated by a specialist Is that termed the bac illus Icteroldes wnlch collect In great force In the spleen from which after six or seven days they pass into the circulation. Here they begin to repro duce and kill by poisoning the blood causing rapid fatty degeneration with other anatomical Injuries which give rise to the Ictus or yellow color from which the disease takes Its name. This special fever has many other points In common with typhoid fever. The liv er loses all functional activity and the patient during the most dangerous per kldneys are Inflamed. Unlike typhoid fever, however, temperance la no safe guard against attack nor Is Intemper ance except In so far as It lowers the system, necessarily fatal. Indeed the chances of recovery are sometimes In favor of the blbullst rather than the prohibitionist An officer who has served In the West Indies relates that In one case the lod following the first stage of the fever, violated every prescription and order of the attending physician, but was cured. One peculiarity of this disease to which the old saw "preven tion Is better than cure applies" Is that It never attacks a pure-blooded negro. If the yellow fever should ravage our troops to the extent hoped for by Spain the United States have fortunately still In its 8,000,000 citizens of Afro-Ameri can origin, enough of fighting valor to subdue the dons In Cuba. To Care tinman Diseases. The French have a system of curing human diseases by encasing the body in a freshly-slaughtered bullock's skin. The system—known as xooth erapeutlcs—has been In use In France for many years with great success, and Is gradually spreading throughout Europe. Your own doctor may even order you such a bath one of these days. This is how the operation is performed. The patient Is put Into a freshly killed bullock-skln, and the hide is quickly sewn up. so as not to allow the heat of the blood to escape. The head of the patient is the only part of the body which is not encased in the skin. After remaining a variable length of time in this unique bath, ac cording to the state of health of each individual, the patient is taken out and plunged Into hot water. These baths are most expensive lux uries, for a skin can be used but once, as artificial heating of the blood does not suffice for the natural life-giving warmth of the freshly-killed animal. Only the rich can afford to indulge In them, and the Paris physician numbers among his patients some of the wealth iest and most distinguished persons In France; Very Hard to Kill. To shoot a human being In the head causes instant death; but this is not the case with animals. A headless fowl will run about for some twenty min utes, end a bear with a bullet in his brain has still life enough to kill Its murderer If it can reach him within a few minutes. Tho only vulnerable point In many reptiles is the spine, and aanakc with half an ounce of lead in Its cranium will live for many years. The star-fish, jelly-fish and other crea tures of the protoplasmic genus, If chopped into many small pieces, do not die, but each separate particle becomes a living star-fish, etc. But the most peculiar Instance Is that of the commou English "death moth," as It is called. If you cut its head, legs and wings off it still lays Its eggs before dying. If you throw It into scalding water, crush It under a hammer until it is a mere pulp. It does not breathe Its last before It has pro duced some twenty eggs, which are in variably fertile. A Critical Moment. "Miss Laura," began the youth,'with a flushed face and a tremor in his voice, "I came this evening to ask you " "One moment, please, Mr. Hanklson. Willie, you are making too much noise with those toys. You'd better take them Into the other room." "To ask yo'u," resumed the young man, mopping his brow with a trem bling hand, "If you " "Willie, take those toys Instantly and go." "If you have tried that new head ache remedy you said the other even ing you were going to take, and If It did you any good. I am nearly wild with a headache to-night." "I have forgotten the circumstance to which you allude, Mr. Hanklson," said Miss Kajones, coldly. "Willie, you may remain if you wish." It Is said tbnt In London there are no fewer than 19,000 professional must clans of variant, grades, and that tuor,e THE COLUMBIAN, BLOOMSBURG. PA. BARCELONA HARBOR. ONE OF THE MOST ACCESSIBLE AND BEAUTIFUL IN EUROPE. The City ia Old, Very Old-It* History Goes Beck Into Tradition, Which De clare* Hercules to Have Ileen IIS Founder. One of the most accessible and beau tlful harbors of all Europe Is that of Barcelona, the chief seaport of Spain. Its magnificent port has long made It the principal embarking center of the kingdom for troops destined to serve In distant waters and lands. From this point were shipped the thousands of youths, who found death, not glory, In Cuba; and here she Is now gather ing her eoldlerß and manning her war ships preparatory to sending them forth to defend her trans-Atlantic pos sessions. Barcelona, the quiet, the beautiful. Is being quickly transformed Into a noisy, bustling military center, haunted by sad-eyed women. The city Is old, very old. Its his tory goes back into tradition, which declares Hercules to have been Its founder. In the time of the Carthag inians It first became of Importance. The Romans conquered It and made It great. In the ninth century the city was ruled by a Christian chief, with the title of Count of Barcelona, which was afterwards merged Into that of Kir*; of Argon. During the year 985 It was ccptured by the Moors; but re conquered not long after. The city now became very powerful. It di vided with Italy the commerce of the world. It ruled the Mediterranean. Barcelona became a name powerful in Europe. The great of the world Bought its gates; and wealth, learning and luxury made their homes within Its walls. Ferdinand and Isabella loved the city; and here, In 1493, they received Columbus after his famous voyage. For a time Barcelona was the capital of an independent kingdom; but, dur ing the reign of Louis XIV and Philip V it waa captured by the allied forces of France and Spain, sacked, burned and robbed of its independence. In the War of Succession, in 1795, the city was taken by Lord Peterborough, one of the famous sieges and captures o; history; but on the return of peace was again restored to Spain. Napo leon, in 1808, sent Duhesme, with 11,- 000 men as a pretended ally, who en tered the city and took possession of Its citadel. When Napoleon fell Bar celona once more came under Spanish rule, where it still remains. Barcelona is the least Spanish of all the cities of Spain; and the most cos mopolitan. Spain, Catalonia and France have each stamped a portion of its character on the city. The resultant is not the highest type of humanity. The people are noisy, turbulent and riotous. They are proud, selflßh and fickle, becoming easily discontented and always ready, at slight provocation, for a riotous demonstration against the government. Should a revolution occur in Spain Barcelona would be among the first to fly the red flag. It is distinctly a commercial city, the most enterprising and flourishing in Spain. It possesses immense shipbuilding yards, iron works and hosts of other man ufacturers. It is the Pittsburg of Spain; yet its blue skies are unclouded and the purity of its air untainted by black smoke and vlie fumes. Its people are on the hunt for the "almighty dollar," and, ap parently, they find it, for while Spain has been growing poorer Barcelona has become rich. The typical Spaniard is too proud to be a trader; but the citi zens of Barcelona have none of this false pride. They will do anything to make money; and the result is they hold the purse strings of Spain. * Barcelona is beautifully located on the shores of the blue Mediterranean. On one side is the magnificent harbor, filled with shipping from all parts of the world; and on the other gently undulating hills and back of them the wild ruggedness and grandeur of the mountains. The air is ever clear and pure. The sunrays are dazzling in their brightness; but hot, sometimes very hot. The vegetation is of luxur ant growth, and fruits and flowers beautify the scene and make fragrant the air. To live a month in Barcelona is apt to give birth to the wish to dwell there always. The streets are often narrow and dirty; but always interesting. The Rambla is the most famous of the thoroughfares of the city. It is to Barcelona what Fifth Avenue and the Boulevard is to New York. Here are the most important public places. It is the pet promenade of the people, the gathering place of whatever is most pleasant, polite or picturesque in the life of the city. The Rambla runs from the sea In a northwesterly direc tion; and, unlike our streets, the mid dle part is given up to foot-passengers, with a carriage way on each side. Along its entire length grow two rows of stately trees, making a cool walk even on a hot day. On feast-days a flood of people flow up and down the Rambla. Another beautiful promen ade is the Muralla del Mar or sea wall. This gives a delightful view of the harbor and the mediterranean. The streets of Barcelona are fast becoming modernized and losing much of their picturesqueness. To the traveler the most Interesting part ot Barcelona Is Its churches; and of Its churches the cathedral Is by far the most notable. Indeed, some writ ers place the Cathedral of Barcelona above St. Peter's at Rome, above the dhurclies of all other countries, In its uplifting InSuence. The beauty and refinement of its architecture, the soft ness and perfections of Its coloring and details—the harmony of the whole, appeal to the soul as no other church does. The building was begun six hundred years ago, and to-dax it is not completely finished. TO FACE CANNONS. American Boru. That Are Best Salted for Purpo... of War. In the midst of the attention we are giving to the personnel of our armies there is a feature not less Important than the feeding and the physical con dition of the men, arid which we are apt to overlook. It is the condition and training of the army horse. Horses are almost as necessary an adjunct to a successful war as are men. With the exception of carriage horses for use on the boulevards of large cit ies, and of race horaee—of which class we probably breed the fastest in the world—we have run behind other na tions in the production of good and serviceable horses. This was because having such splendid railroad and electric facilities, we have had less need for horses than other people. One of the results of our new expansive policy will be to enlist public Interest In the cavalry horse; for while we may have soldiers and a navy that can beat the world, without strong and speedy horses capable of covering a march and capturing a position by a dash, we cannot be fully equipped as a nation. The effect of quick-firing guns will be to reduce the relative efficiency of cavalry, and of Infantry from those of the olden time, but nevertheless the horses will still be a powerful factor In war. The style of horse needed In the army Is that known in the older countries as the hunting horse, an ani mal with enormous chest, clean limbs, heavy loins, deep quarters and free moving action. Such a horse when well-groomed and bred will carry a mount of 150 pounde across country at an excellent riding pace for the space of five or six hours, and will be com paratively fit and fresh for a pro longed march at the close. Hunters thus trained in the field to rough work, make excellent army horses. Not being much accustomed to the delights of the chase In this busy country, we have not developed the European tyre of hunting horse; but he is coming. The best type of the American horse for use In the army, now comes from Kentucky, and from the neighboring mountainous states. It is claimed by some that the small, "chunky" horse le far better fitted for transporting cannon than horses of finer proportions and of greater weight and frame. It waa the need of horses of such endurance and powers which more than anything else defeated Napoleon's campaign upon Moscow. The Russians were convinced of this, and when some of them saw a French gun at the base of an ice-covered mole with the horses that drew it, lying with broken limbs beside it, because Napoleon had omitted to bring horse nails, they exclaimed with Joy: "God made Napoleon forget that there is 4 winter in this country." The great purposes of horses In war are to transport guns, to carry the sol diers, to protect them in case of a charge and to furnish food to the army in case of famine. Many a soldier has protected his own life fighting an enemy from behind the dead body of his horse, and when a retreating force waa cut off from its base of supplies, an army waa ofen provisioned by the sutler's forces returning to the scene of defeat and cooking the horses that were killed in battle. And in the Sioux campaign of 1876 General Crook was so hard pressed for food that he had to kill some of the horses, the command subsisting on the meat for several days. The well-trained cavalry horse fights some upon his own account. He rears upon his hind legs and strikes venom ously with his forelegs at the sight of an enemy whose colors he knows near ly as well as those of his master. In a charge of infantry the horse being so much larger, offers a greater target than the rider whose chest is protected by the erect neck and head of his gal lant steed. Horses thus save the lives of the men, and few phases of war are better calculated to inspire terror in unmounted troops than a desperate ad vancing charge of cavalry at close quarters, with dust flying and hoofs clanging, and the discharge of carbines keeping music to the war-lice neighing of stallions on full gallop. The skir mishes during the Peninsular war ware mostly of this character, and the Duke of Wellington used to say that a man and his horse thus equipped, were equivalent to five infantry soldiers, though since the Introduction of re peating rifles the proportions of Wel lington's time are sadly altered now. It is somewhat sad to state that de spite all the uses of hor6ee in war, and notwithstanding the great exposure of this noble animal to danger in case of battle, statistics show the death of a greater proportion of horses from disease, neglect or starvation than from actual slaughter in action. Want of food, want of water and want of rest, the common misfortune of every campaign, .kills over fifty per cent, of the horses; and overwork, disease and exposure destroy a far larger propor tion than are actually killed in war. If these good people who spend their nights dreaming abeut the parliament of Man and the federation of the world, would devote some of their spare energy to enforcing the plainest dictates of humanity In the cases of dishonest army contractors the peaee societies would do much t mitigate the horrid treatment of horses in war, and accom plish some real good. Even In times of peace the mortality amongst horses for cavalry and artillery purposes is very large. During the fiscal year end ing June 36, 1897, Uncle Sam lost 1,061 cavalry and artillery horses out or a total of 6,531; and this percentage which is veiy large would be touch greater in war times, as owing to the excitement which occurs the horse sometimes suffers incredible tortures from want of food, rest and water. V _ Ji PERFECT FOOD—ma Wholesome ma it ia Delicious." 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