6
QiiD ADAGE VERIFIED
MQHTY WARS HAVE MARKED EVERY
CENTURY'S CLOSE.
Lesson of Universal History Is Thai
the Kud of Rach Century Has Seen
Some Phenomenal Disturbance* Among
the Nations.
The adage of history repeating lt
ult is likely to be verified by the preo
aat war with Spain. The lesson of
universal history is that the end of
•ach century has seen some phenome
na civil disturbance either in the
abape of a great war between existing
ndions or the struggle of a people
against domestic tyranny. Without
gaing further back It may be noted
Oat it was toward the end of the
wventh century that the Saracens in
vaded Armenia and Asia Minor, and
at the close of the eighth Charlemagne
began his wars against the Huns and
Ssfaated the Lombards, thus establish
ing the temporal power of the Popes.
Tha close of the tenth century saw the
conquest of King Alfred of England
by the Danes; that of the eleventh
tha defeat of the Moors by Spain and
of the Greeks by Otho II at Bareatello.
ITbWards the end of the same century
OK Anglo Saxons were the slaves of
tha Normans in their own land after
lutings, and later there were the
Mghtful wars of the Crusades pro
moted by the Church for the mainte
aanea of the power conferred upon it
Charlemagne. The end of the
thirteenth century saw the gallant
Seat* defeated at Dunbar and at Fal
kirk under Wallace. While the final
yaire of the fourteenth century are
lighted up by the story of William
Tall and the defeat of the Austrians by
the Swiss and of the Spaniards by the
XWrtuguese. The evening of the fif
teenth was remarkable for the battles
at Bosworth In 148S, and of Bannock
barn, while the closing decade of the
Mxteenth century saw the wreck of
the Spanish Armada and the Ellsa
hethan wars of the English in Ire
land under Ilngnal and Mountjoy;
while thoßo of the succeeding century,
IfitO, had those at the Boyne and
Glencoe between William 111 and
James II for the British. Even an
cient battles like those at Marathon
and Troy selected similar epochs.
But all these wars which appear to
be controlled by law based on the prin
ciple that every century dieß In some
phenomenal social convulsion, were
eclipsed by the magnitude of the
events that terminated the eighteenth
century. And a strange presentiment
has seized the ruling classes in Eu
rope that the present century Is fol
lowing In the wake of its immediate
predecessor. Thoy believe that the at
titude of the United State# forbodes a
danger to those family groups that
have survived the Renaissance and the
Reformation, not because of any merit
that would Justify survival or preserve
them from extinction, but because
their chiefs havo been so far fortunate
in throttling the cause of liberty or
balancing one rickety throne against
another. These thrones are now like
x lot of old houses in a street in such
i position that if one falls the whole
ow Is likely to come down with a
teirific crash of dust and smoke and
cinders.
The end of the eighteenth century
witnessed such a change In men's
minds as the world had not seen since
.he birth of Christ. The regime of
ane of the proudest European mon
arch! had been swept away by a fierce
uprising of the French masses, and
ihrone and altar, prelates and poten
tates, alike fell before the stupendous
popular upheaval which sent the cold
shiver of Impending fear through
every state of Europe. The French
Sevolutlon of 1789 was but the rum
bling echo upon a distant shore of the
principles of the American Declaration
jf Independence. "Liberty, Equality
and Fraternity," was really the Euro
pean Interpretation of the doctrine of
1776, that all men are born free and
equal and entitled to life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness. Apart from
the similarity of both sets of princi
ples to tko sentiments enumerated by
I'homas Paine, the chronological or
der of the two revolutions and the cir
cumstance of French soldiers under
Lafayette, partaking In the American
struggle, show that both revolutions
followed each other as Immediately as
cause and effeot. The French revolu
tion was a decided stride towards the
emancipation of man from the treach
ery of theologians and from the trea
son of thrones. And had Its opera-
Jons been controlled by wise and
prudent men all Europe would have
to-day a sferles of republican self-gov
erning states In the closest sympa
thy and appreciation with one form of
government instead of being a hor
net's nest of sceptered schemers stalk
ing upon liberties and sneering when
ever they dare at the spirit of our in
stitutions.
Napoleon who had more ot the ele
ment* of true greatness in hie compo
sition than any other human being
that eyar lived, held European mon
arch* in wholesome contempt. He
dispoied of their trumpery dynasties
with that ease and grace and freedom
with which our American grocery man
changes clerks in his tea store. If a
King answered Napoleon's purposes he
left him his old throne; if not the
God-like Corslcan peremptorily dis
missed the reigning monarch, put an
other in his seat or converted his
palace into a temporary barracks for
hit victorious troops. When the last
century closed Desmoullne and Robes
pierre and Marat were reincarnated
and re-embodled In still more awful
form tn the person of Napoleon, and
whom the Kings of Europe all com
bined to denounce and overthrow.
Confronted by this great man they
closed up their historic fouds against
one another and with one accord
wheeled into line to face the common
danger that threatened them for near
ly twenty yeara from the Bridge of
Lothl to the field of Waterloo.
It is because the close of the nine
teenth century sees the American idea
again active and promising again to
•work out its predestined mission In a
mysterious way that there Is so un
usual a stir In Europe and rumors of
concerts and joint notes and Interven
tions. There Is evorywhere an un
easy feeling In the European air and
the occupant of each throne keeps his
ear close to the ground or the royal
binocular trained upon the drama now
being enacted In the New World,
which stands to him very much in the
same disquieting relation as did the
affairs of France and of Napoleon at
the termination of the eighteenth cen
tury. Hence the mingled feelings of
fear and anxiety with which this petty
Spanish-American war is regarded,
and which, says one of the best In
formed of the London correspondents,
"la a matter of greater concern to the
European nations than to America
herself."
Why should it be a matter of "great
er concern to European nations" than
to the country upon whose borders It
takes place and which Is one of the
actual participants In the contest? It
Is because Europe Is reposing above a
sort of submarine mine that may at
any moment explode. Because at the
end of this as at that of the eighteenth
century, their subjects are restless and
unhappy, and those European powers
Jealous of and well acquainted with
each others relative strength seen in
America a new and unknown quantity
suddenly precipitated Into the situa
tion and whose latent powers they are
all unable to guage accurately. It Is
as If the spectre of the French Revolu
tion or Napoleon had again arisen to
fire the hostile and armed camps and
was wrapped this time in the mantle
of Monroe. The Kings of Europe are
not more intelligent or less supersti
tious than are other people. And the
time and circumstance of the pervad
icg danger Is not calculated to allay
the royal fears. First the storm cen
tre is once more of New World origin.
And America like a young Colossus
stands high and seems In their fright
ful imaginations to be preparing to
Btalk around the Universe. Second the
trouble comes about Spain and Europe
remembering how she was rifted at
the close of the seventeenth centurj by
the twelve years war of the Spanish
Succession, wonders whether now a
similar fate again, awaits her. "There
is a strange lull," observed the corre
spondents, "both In the domestic and
International concerns of each country,
and governments and people alike
have put aside their own affairs In or
der to watch the tragedy toward which
European disputes often tend but
which Europe has managed to avoid
for nearly a generation." Quite so.
The American Idea that leavened Eu
rope before, not as Europe under
stands it, manifested itself for nearly
a generation. What Bhape it will take
now, or to what extent it will sway
Europe is the chief cause of the
present strange lull In Europe whose
domestlo and international affairs
have actually stopped still pending the
present trouble. It has hardly affect
ed us at all. On learning the Intense
commotion abroad, however, the stride
of every patriotic American should be
at least cheerful.Let the Yankee breast
then heave with the swell of true pa
triotic emotion, because It seems this
country at this moment Is actually
discharging functions towards the
States of Europe analagous to that of
the Sun, which besides being the
source of light and life and heat acts
as the great ring master of the uni
verse by keeping the planets and the
whole solar system in their regular
order. That Is the mission of America
while It Is the destiny of European
thrones to be paralysed with the fear
of coming disaster at least every cen
tury or so.
Wnntcit No Cinematograph.
At a rural dinner It was usual for
the eldest farmer present to propose
the principal toast, and laat year the
duty devolved upon a rustic who was
by no means confident of his ability to
make a good show.
He therefore requested the learned
squire, who sat opposite him, to hold
up his hand whenever he strayed off
the proper track. The squire good
bumouredly consented, and the farmer
commenced his toast.
Perhaps the good man had already
had too much drink, or perhaps he had
lost sight of his previous qualms; at
any rate, he made a host of trips, and
kept on his feet In spite of the warn
ing hand, which shot up again and
again.
At length the squire leaned careless
ly over the table, and moved his hand
to and fro within two feet of the farm
er's nose.
The old man stopped, glared bale
fully at the extended hand, and then
slowly and with scarcastlc emphasis
said—
"Yes, I sees It, squire, an' so does
everybody else. It's a white hand, an'
a purty hand, an' a clean hand, but
there's no occasion to make a bloom
in' cinematograph of It!"
No Aniww Received.
"And was your prajrer answered?"
asked a visitor of a North Carolina
darky who had told of praying for
rain.
"No, sab," said the African, "I
'specs de cable was cut, sub."—New
York Journal.
Make* the Moat Noise.
Commercial Traveler—Who's that talk
ing so loud and kicking up such a fuss
back there In the private office?
Clerk (nonchalantly)—Oh, that's the
silent partner.—Somerville Journal.
THE COLUMBIAN, BLOOMSBURG. PA.
A HERALD OF MERCY.
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE AND HER
WONDERFUL WORK.
A Story of the Movt Ratuarkttble Womnn
of the Nineteenth Century—The Hell
She Found llecnme a Heaven of Cleun
llneni* and Comfort.
War Is not all blood and glory. It
has Its gentler side, represented by
noble women, whose work requires a
more Indomitable spirit and a nobler
courage than to go "down Into the
Jaws of death" during the heat and
excitement of battle. The army nurse
must sacrifice ease, health, and all the
home comforts so dear to woman's
heart.; and face death In the pestilen
tial atmosphere of the fetid and over
crowded corridors of the hospital. She
must become a constant attendant on
the most loathsome! diseases and
frightful wounds; and shrink from no
peril horror of blood nor death.
History affords no nobler examples of
heroic womanhood than are furnished
by these ministering angels of the bat
tlcteld. The truth of this Is best ex
emplified In the life and work of Flor-
%\#7 y i
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE, IN 18(14.
ence Nightingale, the soldier's friend.
Miss Nightingale was born in Flor
ence, the "City of Flowers." during
the month of May. 1820, while her pa
rents were sight-so;-lng In Italy. Sho
was the /oungest daughter of Mr. Wil
liam S'. ve Nightingale of Embly Park,
Hampshire, and of Lea Hur3t, Derby
shire, England. Her father was
wealthy; and the home of her youth
was a comfortable old Elizabethan
manor-house situated In one of the
most lovely parts of Derbyshire. She
was educated at home by private gov
ernesses. Mr. Nightingale, a highly
cultured, scholarly man, evidently fa
vored the advanced education of girls,
for before his famous daughter had
reached her seventeenth birthday she
was skilled In science, classics, and
mathematics, and was well-read in
standard literature, a fair artist, a good
musician, and could speak and read
French, German and Italian fluently.
In addition to this she did fancy nee
dlework; and on the walls of her old
home at Lea Hurst still may be ceen
samples of her skill with the needle.
She lived the freest of cutdoor lives,
walking through the lovely country
•urrouta'ng her home, and riding over
the hllle "i her pony. It was during
one of tnese rides, with her friend,
the vicar, that the "queen of nurses"
found her first patient, a dog. The in
cident shows a tenderness of heart
and thoughtfulness rare in young girl
hood.
On the ride In question they met
Roger, an old Scotch shepherd, who
was attempting to collect his Bheep
without a dog. "What has become
of your dog?" Inquired the vicar as he
rode up '.o the old man.
"The have been throwing
stones at him, sir," replied the old
shepherd, "and I am thinking of put
ting him out of his misery to-night;
for his leg is broken, and he will never
be any good any mord."
"Poor Cap's leg broken!" and the
tears came into the girl's eyes. "Oh,
Roger, how could you leave poor old
Cap alone In bis pain? Do tell me
where he Is."
AS SHE IS TO-DAY.
"You can't do any good, missy," was
the sorrowful reply. "I'll Just bring
a cord to him to-night, and that will
be the best way to ease his pain. He's
lying In the shed over yonder."
"Do take me to him!" and Florence
lifted her tearful face to tho vicar,
who seeing her distress turned his
horse In the direction of the shed. In
a moment Florence was by the side of
the suffering dog. kneeling on the
muddy floor, so Intent on doing some
thing to ease the pain of the animal
that Bhe thought not of the dress she
was ruining. Fortunately Cap's leg
was not broken, only bruised and hurt;
and under the ministrations of his lov
ing nurse he soon recovered.
This action la typical of the whole
life of Florence Nightingale. She
could never see suffering without striv
ing her utmost to relieve it. It soon
■became' the custom of the neighbor
hood, when anyone had a cut or a
bruise or there was a sick animal, to
send for "Miss Florence." It was as
natural for her to help the needy as
tor the sun to shine. Hor favorite
book, were those which told how to
alleviate suffering and misery. In
stinctively she was fitting herself for
her great life work.
Her parents belonged to an old and
wealthy family, and In due time Flor
ence was presented at Court and took
her place In society; but, even during
her first season, she took a much
greater Interest In the hospitals and
charitable Institutions of London, than
sho did in the gay social life of the
metropolis; and shortly after withdrew
from it altogether. She now began a
systematic study of the hospitals of
London, Dublin and Edinburgh; and
compared them with those In leading
Continental cities. She found their
greatest need to be trained women
nurses. Miss Nightingale determined
to fit herself to become a skilled nurße;
but to secure the needed training she
was obliged to go to Kaiserwerth on
the Rhine, where there was an unique
Protestant institution for the training
of nurßlng sisters. Hither she went,
in 1851, and enrolled herself as a vol
untary nurse In order to secure the
prized knowledge. Afterward she
continued her studies at the hospital
in Paris. Her health failed and she
was obliged to return to England
Then came the war of Crimea. The
reports which reached England dally,
of brave men literally dying by hun
dreds in the hospitals for want of or
dinary human attention, stirred the
motherhood of England until It arose
and demanded that, regardless of cus
tom, precedent, and red tape, women
should go to care for the sick and the
dying. The demand was granted; and
Mr. Sidney Herbert, the head of the
War Department, wrote to Miss Night
ingale offering her the command of
this novel expedition of nurses. The
same day that Mr. Herbert penned his
letter, a pale, fragile, thoughtful wo
man at Lea Hurst sat down and wrote
to the War Minister offering her ser
vices. It was not until the next day
that Miss Nightingale received Mr.
Herbert's letter. She was to leave for
the East In eight days.
On October 21, 1834, all was ready
and Miss Nightingale, accompanied by
thirty-eight nurses, started on her no
ble mission. It was not until No
vember 5 that this little band of "an
gel women" reached Constantinople.
They at once took up their quarters in
the great Barrack Hospital at Scutari,
and began their work. The Lady-ln-
Chlef, as Miss Nightingale officially
was called, found the condition of tho
hospital Indescribably horrible. There
was no sanitary arrangements. It
was frightfully overcrowded. The
men were covered with vermin, and
rats bit the limbs of the helpless
— 1
LEA HUW6T.
wouLded. The beds were reeking
with filth. There was no laundry, no
kitchen and the meals were served In
the roughest manner. Added to this
there was a scarcity of food, coverings
and the commonest necessities of life.
This was the Augean stable the frail
English woman had to clean; but she
cleansed it The day after her arrival
she received the wounded from the
glorious charge of Balaclava, and In a
few months she had ten thousand sick
and wounded under her care.
Nothing daunted her. Her endur
ance was phenomenal. Wherever the
danger was the greatest and the need
cried loudest there her slight form was
to be seen. The suffering soldiers al
most worshipped her. Dying men
turned to kiss her shadow as It fell.
All yielded to the Indomitable will
of Miss Nightingale. She re-organiz
ed the entire military hospital system.
Order sprang out of chaos at her bid
ding. The hell she found became a
heaven of cleanliness and comfort. At
her call all England arose to help the
v/ork. Contributions of money pour
ed in. At the end of six months the
hospital arrangements were such as to
satisfy even Miss Nightingale. She
remained here for two years, never
faltering in her work.
In 1856, when peace was declared, all
England sought to honor her home
coming. But the brave little woman
embarked under an assumed name, and
reached her beloved Lea Hurst even
before her family knew she had left
Scutari. She refused all public ova
tions; and devoten the $250,000, which
the gratitude of a nation presented
to her, to the building of a training
school for nurses, which Is llttingly
called the Nightingale Home. The
brave and noble are modest.
A HUMILIUTLNG THOUGHT.
The young colored man was very
fortunate In that the cable-car was just
about to stop at a crossing when the
fender struck him. He disentangled
himself from the network, and,
straightening himself up, inquired of
the policeman:
"Whah is de recruiting office?"
The policeman gave h.m the proper
direction and then asked:
"Were you on your way to enlist?"
"No, sub; but I done change mer
min'. I aln' gwinier run no risks of
habbin' It said dot I done kep' out'n
de ahmy only ter meet mer death at
de ban's ob er streetcyah!"—Washing
ton Star.
"He Is flippant. He can't be serious
if lie tries."
"Yes he can. Lie Is very serious
when he tries to be funny" ...
V _ "A PERFECT FOOD—aa Wholesome aa it la Delicious."
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X Mi costs lass than ONE CENT a Cup. /)
XmSI r*l Trade-Mark on Every Package. V
X WALTER BAKER & CO. LTD., X
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IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF
CARPET, MATTIWO,
or Oil. CLOTH,
YOU WILL FIND A NICE LINE AT
W. M. HOWIE'S
2nd Door above Court House.
A large lot of Window Curtains in stock.
This settles . - That's the
K! Hereafter '
I will have all win success a
my clothes | man cannot
JIADE TO SXB& Jbe too careful
ORDER BY of his appear
ance
EDWARD E. STRAUSS & CO.
America's Popular Tailors, Chicago.
Further Information Wanted.
Danforth—An organist says that a
cow moos in a perfect fifth octave and
that a horse neighs in a descent on
the chromatic scale.
Williston—l wonder what his tech
nical terms are for the yowling of a
tomcat on a back fence ?
Taking Long Chances.
"You wouldn't think to look at that
little man across the street that he
was especially brave, would you ?"
"No. What has he ever done that
was so brave ?"
"Married a widow whose first hus
band committed suicide."'
Dover, N. H. Oct. 31, 1896.
MESSRS. ELY BROS. :— The Balm
reached me safely and in so short a
time the effeGt is surprising. My son
says the first application gave decided
relief. I have a shelf filled with
"Catarrh Cures" To-morrow the
stove shall receive them and Ely's
Cream Balm will reign supreme. Re
spectfully. MRS. FRANKLIN FREEMAN.
Cream B-lm is kept by all drug
gists. Full size 50c. Trial size 10
cents. We mail it. ELY BROS.,
56 Warren St., N. Y. City.
More Profit
"My brother," asked the gentle
man with the seedy clothes, "are you
a worker in the vineyard ?"
"Nit," answered the gentleman who
looked like ready money. "I find
there is more money in handling the
finished product.
Yabsley—You look as if you must
have had a good time last night.
Mudge—l hope not.
"You hope not>? Why ?
"Because, if I did, it was wasted. I
don't recollect a thing about it."
OABTORIA.
Bear, the _>? The H " W
THAT'S JUST IT !
You can't always tell by the
looks of a garment how it is
going to WEAR.
WHY NOT
get the WEAR as well as
the looks when you can have
both at the same
PRICE. $12.00 is the starting
point of those
Edward E. Strauss & Co.'s
Famous Custom Tailored
Suits and Overcoats
with an ironclad guarantee
thrown in free.
IT WILL PAY YOU to examine
this line, and leave your or
der for one of these hand
some garments.
CALL ON
L. GROSS,
Bloomsburg, Pa.
Chautauqua.
Low-Rate Excursion via Pennsylvania Hal
road.
On July 8 the Pennsylvania Rail
road Company will run a special ex
cursion from Philadelphia, Baltimore,
Washington, Reading, Altoona, Belle
fonte, Lock Haven, Shamokin, Wilkes
Barre, Sunbury, and Williamsport,
and principal intermediate stations,
and stations ori the Delaware Divi
sion, Philadelphia, Wilmington and
Baltimore Railroad, and the Cumber
land Valley Railroad, to Chautauqua,
N. Y. Special train will start from
Harrisburg at 11135 A- M. Connect
ing trains will leave Philadelphia 8:30
A. M., Washington 7:50 A. M., Balti
more 8:50 A. M. Round-trip tickets,
good to return on regular trains not
earlier than July 18 nor later than
August 6, will be sold at rate of
SIO.OO from Philadelphia, Baltimore,
and Washington, and at proportionate
rates from other stations.
For specific rates and time of con
necting trains apply to nearest ticket
agent.
Reduced Rates to Nashville via Peon
sylvania Railroad, account Christian
Endeavor Convention.
On account of the Christian En
deavor International to
be held at Nashville, Tenn., July 5 to
12, the Pennsylvania Railroad Com
pany will sell excursion tickets of the
continuous-passage, ironclad signature
form, from stations on its line to
Nashville, at rate of single fare for
the round trip. Tickets will be sold,
and good going, July 2 to 5 ; return
ing, tickets will be good to leave
Nashville to July X 5, inclusive, ex
cept that by depositing ticket with
agent of terminal line at Nashville on
or before July 15, return limit may
be extended to leave Nashville to
August 1, 1898, inclusive. 6-23-2 L