6
"RATIONAL CAPITAL.
SENATOR WALCOTT MAKES REPORT
ON COMMISSIONS WORK.
Ollßteiinlnl of the Navy—Fatlieri of tlie
Haute—Unity tteporti From Consult—
As Interest log Volume on the Nntlon
sl Capital lfi-lug Compiled,
Senator Wolcott who was at the
head of the Commission appointed by
the President to arrange for an inter
national bi-metallic conference, and
who with his fellow commissioners
spent six months in France and Eng
land endeavoring to bring about some
Agreement on the subject made a report
to the Senate, and announced his In
tentions of resigning. The Senator,
who although a Republican is a pro
a-oiunced Silver man, still has strong
hopes of the success of the commission
which he undertook, and in his speech,
he declared that the commissioners
were sustained at every point by the
President. Of the Secretary of the
Treasury he does not speck in the same
terms. He complained that the work
of the commission was handicapped by
the attitude of Mr. Gage, and by nu
merous interviews and reports which
tended to discredit bimetallism, and
which were promptly cabled to Eng-j
land. He attacks the currency bill
Senator Wolcott,
which Mr. Gage is supporting, and pre
dicted its defeat before it reached the
Senate. In the course of his address
Senator Wallcott indicated that in his
opinion it would be necessary to change
the ratio for the coinage from 16 to
1, to 20 to 1. The utterances of tho
Senator has awakened renewed interest
in the currency question which is ab
sorbing even more attention than the
Hawaiin annexation question or the
appropriations.
The Navy department was created in
1798. Just 100 years ago, Benjnnan
Stoddard was appointed Secretary.
Trouble with France had become so
threatening that war was expected and
Washington was made Lieutenant gen
eral, with Hamilton as Major General.
The United States frigate Contellation
had just captured a French frigate,
whose guns are still preserved in the
Watervliet arsenal. They bear the in
scription "Republique," Francais Lan
une." (French Republic, the first year)
and are among the curiosities of Ameri
can warfare. John Adams was Presi
dent! and Philadelphia was the National
Capital, but Washington had been laid
out and preparatioijs for removal were
In progress. The principle Editor in
the country was Noah Webster of New
York who published the Minerva,
which eventually was emerged into the
Connecticutt Advertiser and has con
tinned until the present day. Hugh
Gaine was another publisher who did
well to circulate from 300 to 400 Copies
of his daily Gazette, being editor com
positer, pressman and folder as well
as occasionally a carrier. Washington
Irving was a school boy of fifteen, but
even then had a literary ta3te which in
two years found development in print.
Ten years later he had his Knicker
bocker history ready for the press, and
ever since then Father Knickerbocker
has been the popular psuedonym for
the metropolis.
If the theories of Professor See, of the
Lowell observatory, be true our star
system is unique in the great star fam
ily of worlds, and the generally exac
cepted nebular hypothesis is essentially
erroneous. It is to America that the
old world turns to receive the latest,
and many eminent astronomers think
the most reasonable enunication re
garding the nebular theory, which was
first exploited a hundred years ago by
the great French inventor Laplace.
Professor See who is, now in Washing
ton, presenting his researches at the
Haval Observatory, is a very young
man but has devoted himself almost ex
clusively to astronomical studies since
his undergraduating day at the Miss
our State university.
There has been in the attic of the
agricultural department building a
morgue of former secretaries and other
distinguished citizens. Under a stair
way, bidden from the light and covered
■with dust, is a collection of life-size
plaster casts, all rapidly becoming more
or less delapitated. In this art gallery
were recognized three copies of Jere
Rusk in Plaster of Paris two copies of
J. Sterling Morton, one or two ladies
and several citizens whose names me
not associated with their plaster relics
in the lumber room. The janitors aud
messengers of the department are not
under instructions to dust this art gal
lery; and its futur e is problematical
the work is probably that of an old
time genius who for years was employ
ed as a modeler In the national Museum
and in the agricultural departmenl.
This former employee was a wonderful
artist in hie way, especially in hie still
life production. He could reproduce
fruits of all kinds in such natural form
that even expert pomologists were fool
ed Into attempting to masticate them,
hut like ether men of genius, this par
ticular individual could not withstand
the temptation of John Barioycor.o, and
when last heard from was serving one
o* his periodical terms in ihe district
work house.
The United States began on the first
of January the publication daily of ex
tracts from the reports received from
our consuls all over the world. The
daily publication has been received
with a great deal of pleasure by the
various trades and business concerns
Interested In pushing American com
merce into hitherto untried fields. But
this extension of the publication of con
sular reports calls renewed attention to
the difference in the method prevailing
in the United States and in Foreign
countries. The English Consular ser
vice, like that of America is expected
to gather all sorts of information which
might be valuable in the promotion of
trade, -but the reports when they reach
the secretary of state for foreign affairs
are regarded as confidential communi
cations. Copies are circulated, it is
true, to heads of firms interested in the
peculiar line of industry upoh which
the report is made, but they are not
distributed in pamphlet form as in the
country. Each report is sent out read
and returned and the fact of its receipt
by the firm which may be interested is
noted on the document. Reports made
by our counsuls, which are sent as a
matter of courtesy to the English au
thorities, are treated in the same man
ner, and whenever they show that an
opportunity exists for the extens.on of
trade tne Englishmen attemps to jump
in first and to wrest the opportunity
away from the United States. Becausa
of the fact that the English merchant
gives three or four times as long a
period of credit as Americans he is of
ten successful in his effort.
What is alleged to be another, and
this the fourth attempt at suicide, that
has taken place within a very short
time, is the shooting whether accident
al or otherwise, of Mrs. Lucile Lane,
daughter of former Senator Blackburn,
of Kentucky, The statement has beer,
made that the shootulg was entirely ac
cidental, but there are many facts con
nected with it which indicate that it
was not. Mr. Lane, husband of tho
lady, was formerly an employee of tho
Treasury department, having been ap
pointed to a position from which an old
soldier was removed to give hiin a
place. The old 6oldier soon after com
mitted suicide, and when the trouble
came between Blackburn and Carlisle,
oyer the currency question, Lan e lost
his place, and has since been agent of
a gun manufactory.
At the sad death of Miss Leila Her
bert, daughter of the former Secretary
of the Navy, people shook their heads
and remarked, "There will be three
more."
This was on the 21st of December.
Five days later her intimate friend.
'Miss Annie Virginia Wells, a social
favorite, the daughter of one of Wash
ngto.n"s best known attorneys, wa3
dead. She was ill and despondent, as
Miss Herbert had been, and the latter's
death so preyed upon her that she
found a revolver in the dead of night
and took her life. The self-inflicted
wound was In the same region and
quite similar to that suffered by Mrs.
Lane. Both deeds were committed
alter the hour of 12.
January 7, but seven days after tho
first of the series, Miss Mary Waits,
daughter of the ex-Governor of Color
ado, sought to end her melancholy ex
istence by drinking poinon, but she was
found in time tnd prompt medicai at
tendance saved her life.
Mrs. Lane's attempted suicide recalls
tho fact that this pretty young matron
during the Cleveland administration
was one of the most prominent figures
in the younger set of Washington so
ciety. She was, perhaps, even better
known here than in her native State,
Kentucky, where her childhood was
passed. Her debut was made in this
city during the height of her father's
popularity as Senator, and was one of
the notable social events of that season.
She was feted, wined and dined suffic
iently to have turned the head of any
girl.
Scientists are interested in the recent
report of the witnessing at sea of an
enormous water spout, which as de
scribed by those fortunate enough to
see it must have been a wonderful ex
hibition of the force of nature. So
called water spouts are caused by dif
ferent causes, but the generally accept
ed view is that two powerful currents
of air coming from opposite directions,
iorms what we call a whirlwhind, and
sucks up the water from old ocean
sometimes elevating it to a great
Irn
A Waterspout at Sea.
height. The latest reports of the recent
waterspout, witnessed at sda by the
crew and passengers of an ocean
steamer, indicate that this was of a
different character, and that it is at
tributable to other causes. The illus
tration herewith given in from a de
scription by one who witnessed the re
markable sight, and by scientists is be
lieved to have been caused by nothing
less than volcanic action at the bottom
of the sea-
Philadelphia holds the first place on
Ihe record for furnishing fathers of the
house. "There was first, William D.
Keliey, "Pig Iron Kciley" a most ami
able and sweet spoken congressman,
with a voice as rich and pleasing as
his attitude was unswerving on tariff
matters. Then Samuel J. Randall 'Who
was returned to Congress for many
years. Courtly Charles O'Nell, and
aftor him Gen. Alfred C. Hormer, Hen
ry Bingham, of Philadelphia, is also
gradually getting there, lie is now
serving his tenth term, Bland, of Miss
ouri, and Cannon of Illinois, are serv
ing their twelfth terms, Maine does very
well in keeping the same men in seats
In the house. Speaker Reed is now la
las eleventh term.
THE COLUMBIAN. BLOOMSBURG, PA.
RAM'S HORN BLASTS.
Warning Notes Calling tho; Wicked to Ro
pontance.
The sweetest flower of the gospel is
charity.
Some guns kick ; revenge is one of
them.
The dullest man has in him some
thing original. It is sin.
The man is usually in the right
who owns himself in the wrong.
In religious controversy ferocity is
not the only sign of fidelity.
For a certain class cf minds, infidel
ity is the hall mark of genius.
The waters of Lethe drown the
past the blood of Jesus cleanses it.
He who casts stones at .others,
makes of himself a target for their
return.
For an epitaph : "He believed in
a free gospel ; it never cost him a
cent.
"Christianity is all very well, but a
man must live." Yes, to all eternity.
The confession of past folly may be
only the profession of present wisdom.
The thing that makes pessimism is
tailure to find in men what angels
possess.
Take care of Number One, but
take care it is the right one—the soul,
not the body.
Who would refuse the offer of
eternal life, if he could put a mort
gage on it ?
Encyclopedias have to be re-written
every ten years; the old Bible is still
up to date.
The mind, like the lens, may be
concave and scatter brain power or
convex and concentrate it.
The statements of those who have
been cured by Hood's Sarsapaiilla
prove the great merit of this medi
cine. Get only HooJ's.
Wealthy, But LA Want,
An Aged Recluse Found Perishing From
Cold and Hunger—Worth SSG.GCO
and Owns 300 Acres.
Sole owner of 300 broad acres of
the most valuable land in the country,
and $50,000 in cash to her credit in
the banks, Mrs. Elizabeth Winnard,
an aged recluse, who has lived all
her life near Burr's Mills, eight miles
west of Dover, 0., was found lying
almost in the fire and in an unconsci
ous condition and almost dead for
lack of the bare necessities of life.
She is about 70 years old, and
since she inherited the farm, many
years ago, she has lived alone on the
big farm, caring for many head of
cattle and horses and doing whatever
farm work there was to be done. Her
penury and the misery and squalor in
which she lived have been a source of
comment the whole country over.
It is supposed that she got up dur
ing the night to tend the fire and be
came unconscious from exhaustion
and cold. She must have lain on the
floor scantily clad for 12 hours at
least.
In the event of her death there is
much speculation as to what disposi
tion will be made of her vast fortune,
as she has no immediate relatives
living.
When bilious or costive, eat a Cas
caret, candy catharic, cure guaranteed,
ioc, 25c. 4- 1-1 .
Two SicLa of the Shield-
What a cheery view Governer
Hastings gave of the material prosper
ity of Pennsylvania in his speech at
the banquet in Philadelphia on Tues
day evening. "We possess fully one
tenth the value of all the farm lands
in all the States of the Union," he
said, we produce two thirds of all the
coal and three-fourths of all the steel
consumed in the United States ; and
Philadelphia, itself, produced nearly
one-fourth of the total quantity of
woolen goods, one-fifth of all the
textiles and almost one-halt of all the
carpets made in America."
Yet we have been there and are so
busy doing these things, the Governor
might have added, we have permitted
our state and municipal governments
to fall into the hands of combtnes of
selfish and spoils-seeking ringsters
and jobbers, who rule them on the
most debasing principles known to a
free people anywhere. In contrast
with the material prosperity of the
State, look at conditions at Harris
burg during the last session of our
incapable and corrupt Legislature. If
our cities are prosperous, see at what
cost in reckless taxation, profligate
expenditure and government by
machine oligarchies.
The shield has two sides. The
material prosperity of the Common
wealth has been mustered by the in
telligence'and conscience of the State
sacrificing its obligations to maintain
honest and efficient government, and
allowing the administration of State
and cities to fall into the hands of
conspiracies intent on plunder and
power. "I'll fares the land, to hasten
ing ills a prey, where wealth accumu
lates and men decay." Rejection of
civic duties is the evidence of decay,
—Ex.
O TOK.IA.
Tiiofio- /) Ths Kind You llavo Always Bought,
5.
MISUELLANEOUS ITEM.
The youngest mayor in the United
States is Ernest N. Thompson, mayor
of Hepler, Kan. His age is 22.
Frozen milk is shipped in hermeti
cally sealed kegs from Denmark to
England. In a frozen state milk con
tinues fresh for about 20 days.
In Berwick, Me., lightning melted
a wire from which hung a canary's
cage. The cage dropped, the jar
caused the door to open, and the bird
escaped.
Fiddlers are scarce in the Klondike
region. John Kavanagh, an itinerant
musician from Porta Costa, Cal., earns
$35 a night fiddiing for the Klondike
miners.
Miss Alice Whiting, of South Han
over, Mass., was riding home from an
excursion behind a spirited nag, when
the animal kicked her in the mouth
and knocked out 13 of her teeth.
Edward M. Jackson, of Caldwell,
N. J., was hitching up his horse, when
the animal suddenly switched its tail
around, striking Mr. Jackson in the
right eye and destroying the sight.
A device to prevent snoring has
been invented by Mr. S. Anderson, a
Chicago carpenter. It is a little pad,
which is kept in the mouth, and con
nects with a strap to prevent its being
swallowed.
A fine of seven dollars was the
punishment awarded to a clergyman
in Hamilton, Mo., for swearing on the
street. When the offender heard the
verdict he audibly called the magis
trate "a darned fool."
Breakfast was delayed in a house
hold at Newport News, and the head
of the family went to the kitchen to
discover the cause. He saw a tramp
gorging himself with the food and
keeping the cook quiet by displaying
a revolver.
Otto Meyer, of Ramapo, N. J.,
weighed 414 pounds. He thought it
time to reduce his bulk. He went to
a doctor, who agreed to take off 100
pounds of flesh at one dollar a pound.
The doctor soaked him, steamed him
and massaged him, and Otto gained
15 pounds in a month.
A certain cure for drunkenness, it
is said, has been discovered by F. W.
D. Evelyn, of San Francisco. The
remedy is horses' blood, which, af'er
being chemically treated, is applied to
the patient by inoculation. In chronic
cases the treatment requires nine
weeks.
How to Treat the Mothur-in-Law.
Wise advice is given on "The
Mother-in-Law in the Home" in the
February Ladies' Home Journal. The
writer details the proper course lor
the mother-in-law to pursue in order
to make her presence in the home of
her son a delight, and directs the
daughter-in-law as to her duties in the
case. 'lhe advice carefully followed
will make the mother-in-law a wel
come acquisition to the family. The
article will commend itself for its com
mon-sense.
Period of Infection.
According to the rules of the Penn
sylvania State Board of Health, the
period of infectiousness of contagious
diseases is considered to terminate as
follows:
Smallpox—Six weeks from the com
mencement of disease, if every scab
has fallen off.
Chickenpox—Three weeks from the
commencement of disease, if every
scab has fallen off.
Scarlet fever—Six weeks from the
commencement of disease, if peeling
has ceased and there is no sore nose.
Diphtheria—Six weeks from the
commencement of disease, if sore
throat and other signs of the disease
have ceased.
Measles—Three weeks from the
commencement of disease, if all rash
and cough have ceased.
Mumps—Three weeks from the
commencement of disease, if all swell
ing has subsided.
Typhus—Four weeks from the com
mencement of disease, if strength is
re-established.
Typhoid—Six weeks from the com
mencement of disease, if strength is re
established.
Whooping cough—Six weeks from
the commencement of disease, it all
cough has ceased.
lEUEYtS n 10 UMTES.
A MAGICAL LIFE-SAVER.
The most pronounced symptoms of heart dl2C*tl
Ee palpitation or fluttering of the heart, a
eath, weak or Irregular pulse, sonothcring spells a
night, pains In region of heart. The brain may lx
congested, causing headaches, dizziness or verti.io
In short, whenever the heart 'utters, aches or palpi
tates, it Is diseased, and if life in valued trratmer.l
tiust be taken. Dr. Agnew's Cure for the Heart It
Jhe only remedy yet discovered which will alWßtl
give relief In 30 minutes, and core absolutely.— 0.
Sold by C. A. Kleim.
•*£# f V. "A ocrtect type of the highest order of excellence In manufacture." jSV
& k
-1 w-3# Walter Baker & Co.'s <7
I COCOA I
M |•j • i Absolutely Pure —Delicious —Nutritious.
"HiIS ! ■ I'd Costs Less than One Cent a Cup. jr. i
Be sure tllot you RCt the DORCHESTER, MASS. I
, genuine article, made at 7- 1
Established ....8y.... 1
£{ 17 "°- WALTER BAKER & CO. Ltd. Li |
THE HOLIDAY SEASON.|
For Christmas, 1807, we have a large line of goods
able forgg i ts to gentlemen. It includes
Meerchaum Pipes,
Beautiful designs in great variety. }
Meerchaum Cigar Holders, Briarwood Pipes,
Cigars, fine grades, in boxes of
25, 50 and 100.
We also have a large assortment of CONFECTIONERY in nice boxes
and in bulk. Sunday Schools preparing for Christmas festivals should get our *
prices.
ALEXANDER BROTHERS, & CO.
Bloomsburg Pa.
IF YOU ARE IN NEED OF
€ A SC. FIG T, MAT T WG,
m- Oils CLOTH,
YOU WILL FIND A NICE LINE AT
W. IEL BEOWEM'S
2nd Door above Oonrt HonhC. t
A largo lot of Window Curtains in stock.
rh, r A YEAR FOR —
9§t 00: DEfIOREST'S
- J ® ■ - - FAMSI Y
The subscription price of DEMOREST'S 1 „
is rednood to SI.OO a year. 1 iAOAZINE,
DEMOKEST'S FAMILY MAGAZINE IS MORE THAN A FASHION MAGAZINE, although it
gives the very latest home and foreign fashions each month ; this is only one of its many
valuable features. It has something for each member of the family, for every department
of the household, and its varied contents are of the highest grade, making it, pre-eminently, ]
THE FAMILY MAGAZINE OF THE WORLD. It furnishes the best thoughts of the most in
teresting and most progressive writers of the day, and is abreast of the times in everything,
—Art, Literature, Science, Society Affairs, Fiction, Household Matters, Sports, etc, —a
single number frequently containing from 200 to 300 fine engravings, making it the MOST
COMPLETE AND MOST PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED of the GREAT MONTHLIES.
DEMOKEST'S MAGAZINE Fashion Department is in every way far ahead of that con
tained in any other publication.
Subscribers are entitled each month to patterns of the latest fashions in womans' attire
AT NO COST TO. TIIEM other than that necessary for postage and wrapping,
NO BETTER CHRISTMAS GIFT
than a year's subscription to DEMOKEST'S MAGAZINE can be made. By subscribing AT
ONCE you can get the magazine at the reduced price, and will also receive the handsome
25-cent Xmas Number with its beautiful panel picture supplement.
Remit $1 00 by money order, registered letter or check to the
DEFOREST PUBLISHING CO., HO Fifth Ave., N. Y. City.
GREAT SPECIAL CLUSBING OFFER FOR PROMPT SUBSCRIPTIONS.
r ONLY $1.75 FOR "j
THE COLUMBIAN I
J and Demorest's Family Magazine. ,
t Send your subscriptions to this office. J
JURY LIST FOR FEBRUARY
GRAND JURORS.
Beaver—Peter Kneght.
Benton Twp—C. E. Albertson.
Briarcreek —Lloyd Knorr.
Bloom—Frank Cavanee, John B. Gruber,
John Tracy.
Conyngham—Michael Whynn.
Greenwood —L. J. Buck, Jos. Ileacock.
Jackson—J. F. Derr, Jasper Fritz, J. B.
Richie.
Main —Lloyd Kennedy.
Montour—Arthur Roberts.
Mt. Pleasant —Jos. Patterson.
Orange—W. A. Lemon, A. B. Herring.
Pine—Benj. Gordner, Wesley Baker, Benj.
Applcgatc.
Scott— lf. E. Hippenstecl.
Sugarloaf—H. J. Hess, Frank Getz, E. J.
Drum.
TRAVERSE JURORS—FIRST WEEK.
Beaver—lLL. Miller.
Benton—G. B. Crossley, Chas. F. Mann.
Benton Twp—W. W. Hess.
Berwick —O. H. Barnard, Jas. W. Evans,
L. J. Fuller.
8100m —John Armstrong, Chas. A. Cox,
Henry Hower, A. H. Kitchen, Matthew Mc-
Reynolds, Geo. G. Sloan.
Briarcreek—J. P. Freas.
Catawissa—D. E. Billig, Stephen Baldy,
W R. Long, W. H. Pfahler.
Catawissa Twp.—James Keefer.
Centralis--Morion Hanley, David E.Kel
ler, C. G. Murphy.
Centre —Sam Harman.
Conyngham—Henry Whitaker.
Fishingcreek Jacob Hummel, G. W.
Hess, Clarence Yost
Franklin—Daniel Drum.
Greenwood —Lloyd Yeager.
Jackson —J. W. Knause.
Main—Lloyd Dalious.
Orange—Jeremiah Comstock,J. P. Ilouck,
D. F. Mordan.
Scott —Phillip Fritz, Wm. Hummel
TRAVERSE JURORS —SECOND WEEK.
Benton Twp —A. A. Colley, John Lau
bach, Ira J. Thomas.
Berwick—Wm. Carey, C. IT. Fritz, IT.. M.
Kirkendall.
Bloom—Philip Crawford, Thos. Geddis,
Edward Holmes, C. F. Stohner, W. B.
Laubach.
Briarcreek—J C. Spooncnberp.
Catawissa—j. D. Bodinc, T. P. Chrrlng
ton, J. F. Fisher, John Kline, Daiiel S.
Pensyl, J. K. SharpLss.
Centralia—A. B. Fortner,
Cleveland —Jacob Carol, Jacob E, John*
son, Simon Leiby.
I Conyngham—James Donner, J. C. Men
j singer.
hishingcrcek—John W. liogart, Amos
j Dr .slier, E. M. Laubach, Daniel McHenry.
j Hemlock—G. li. Hosier,
j Locust—M. L. Kaup.
j Millville—Thos. Wright,
j Mifflin—W. Hess.
| Mt. Pleasant—R. I!. Fey be it.
Pine—Benj. Lee, Alem li. Johnson,
i Scott—Win. E. Grimes.
I =s
SHERIFF'S SALE.
| By virtue ot a writ of Levari Facias, lsued
out ot the Court of common Pleas of Columbia
county, l'a., and to me directed, there will bo
( exposed to public sale at the Court House, In
Bloomsburg, on
j MONDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1898,
' at 2 o'clock In the afternoon, all that certain
1 lot or piece of land situate In East Bloomsburg.
1 Columbia county, and State of Pennsylvania,
bounded and described as follows, to-wlt: Be.
ginning at a stone corner of Canal street and
lot of Matlitas Kindt, and running thence along
said lot northwardly one hundred and sixty feet,
, more or less, to Kldge alley; thence along said
I alloy eastwardly forty feet to lot ot M. Kindt
aforesaid, and thence along said lot southward
ly one hundred and sixty feet, more or less, to
the place of beginning. It being the same
premises which George Barrcter and Caroline
Barrcter by deed dated November 19, 1888, and
recorded In tho ofllee for the recording of deeds,
&e., m and for Columbia county, In Deed Book,
No. 41, pages OT, Ac., granted and conveyed un
to Charles C. Kesty, party hereto, on which la
erected a two-story
DWELLING HOUSE,
and outbuilding.
Seized, taken Into execution at the suit of
Fannie Kckrnth vs. Charles C. Kesty and TllUo
E. Kesty, his wife, and to be sold as the proper
ty or Charles C. Kesty and TllUo E. Kesty, his
wife.
BAKKI.BY, Atty. W. W. BLACK,
Sheriff.
EXECUTOR'S NOTICE.
Estate of Ellas McHenry, late of Eenlon Borough,
deceased.
Sottce Is hereby gfcen that letters testamentary
011 the estate, of Ettas Me Ut nry, tats of Denton
Borough, Columbia County, Pa., deceased, h<we
been granted to M. T. McHenry, to whom all per
sons Indebted to said estate are requested to make
payment. and those having claims or demand*
will make known the same without delay.
Fritz, Atty. M. T. McHenry,
l-O-Ot* Executor.