1
THE COLUMBIAN. BLOOMSBURG, PA.
LIVE QUESTIONS.
A fertea ef Article Contributed to These
Column by Advanced Thinkers.
Lesions From the Last Cr.ssrs Tim
Growth of Or Country Since ltliO.
Under tho existing tcinpnrnry orsani
eation t tho census force there mmt be
inevitably long delay in the completion
of tho work of the federal eeusns and
tbo placing of the final results before
the pnblifl. This fault is inherent in tho
system itself, and no one in particular
con be chnrged with this delny uor in
deed be made responsible for the great
ly increased cost of the eeusns work.
In I iiis connection it should bo remem
bered, of course, that the fundamental
lawn governing the census have been
from tinie to time very much broadened
and tho number and extent of the ceu
U8 inquiries very materially increased,
of necessity requiring a relatively longer
time to do the work and at a relatively
larger cost.
Tho constantly increasing desire to
have full and explicit data at each de
cennial period has literally grown away
from the old methods of census taking,
and today tho entire inadequacy of the
census machinery, as now provided for
by law, is everywhere apparent. In
many respects it constitutes the chief
lesson of the eleventh census and points
Tvith unerring directness to tho neces
sity for a radical change in the system
of taking the federal census. The ex
perience of the last two enumerations
lies wholly in this direction, and relief
must be found at an early day in tho
establishment of a permanent census
office.
THE rRESEST census report ax improve
ment. Despite the difficulties and delays
which have beset the work of the elev
enth' census, there is likely to be some
improvement as compared with 1880 in
the publication of the final reports. All
of the volumes of the census of 1880
were not published until 1888, but of
the 25 volumes of the present census 12
"have been issued, 8 others are wholly
completed and ready for issue, and the
remaining 5 volumes are either in proc
ess of printing or in suoh condition
that the publications should follow
within a comparatively short time.
This being the case, it will be possi
ble shortly to review the results of the
lust census in their entirety and to con
sider in something like consecutive and
logical order some of the many valuable
lessons to be devised from the census.
In the first place, let it be borne in
mind that our country was the first gov
ernment to provide by law for a practi
cal enumeration cf its population, the
first decennial census having been taken
by constitutional provision in 1790; the
eleventh census, that of 1890, marked,
therefore, the completion of the first
century of census taking in this coun
try. During this period there has been
only a great expansion in the extent of
settled area, in spite of the vast increase
in territory, but a very marked growth
of population in every part of the union.
EXTENT OF OUB TERRITORY.
At the time of the first census the
,Ur!ited States comprised the territory
between the Atlantic ocean and the Mis
sissippi river, embracing 827,844 square
miles, of which 803,225 was land sur
face. In 1803-5 the acquisition of Lou
isiana by purchase and of Oregon by
settlement added 1,171,931 square miles
to our area and secured tbo absolute
control of the Mississippi river and its
navigable branches. In 1821 the final
transfer of Florida from Spain increased
our territory by 59,208 square miles.
The annexation of Texas in 1845 and
the acquisition of territory from Mexico
in 1848 added 921,916 square miles, and
a still further addition of 44,641 square
miles was mode in 18C3 by the Gadsden
purchase, so that the total area of our
territorial possessions, exclusive of Alas
ka, is now 3,025,600 square miles, of
which 2,970,600 is laud area. The ter
ritory of Alaska, purchased from Russia
in 1867, has an estimated area of
532,409 square miles, but contained on
ly 32,052 inhabitants in 1890.
MARVELOUS GROWTH OF OUR POPULATION.
At tho census of 1790 our entire pop
ulation was but 3,920,214 and was con
tained principally in the 13 original
Btates (Maine being then' a part of Mas
sachusetts and Vermont a part of New
York), with a few scattered settlements
in what shortly after became the states
of Koutucky and Tennessee. It was al
most wholly distributed along the At
lantic coast, the average depth of settle
ment, in a direction at right angles to
the coast, being but 255 miles. The ter
ritory occupied by this population in
1790 comprised only 458,225 square
miles of land area, or a little more than
one-half of tho total land area, whilo
the urea of actual settlement that is,
containing two persons or more to the
square mile comprehended only 239,
935 square miles. At the last census, in
1890, the population of all tiie states
and organized territories was 62,622,200,
and besides this there ware 32,052 per-'
sons in Alaska and 325,464 Indians and
other persons in the Indian Territory
and on Indian reservations, making tho
total population of the entire country
68,079,766. The whole extent of our
territory in 1690 comprised 8,558,009
square miles; excluding Alaska, it ooin
. prised a land area of 2,970,000 square
miles, of which no less than 1,947,280
square miles was settled area, and, so
far as the main body of our territory is
concerned, there can ivj longer be said
to be any frontier linfcf population.
SVUAfAUV.
Briefly summarized, then, the first
decennial census of our country in 1790
showed less thou 4,000,000 inhabitants
possessed of a national domain of about
800,000 square miles ud occupying a
ssUled area of a little more than one
fourth of its total urea 'as compared
with a population in i860 of nearly
68,000,000 aud a national domain of
over 3,500,000 square miles, more than
ope-balf of which is settled area. In
other words, in 100 years our popula
tion, by natural increase and by immi
gration, has multiplied sixteenfold, nnd
our territorial pcs.-essioiin, by purchase,
conquest and cession, havo increased luoro
than fourfold. According to tho census
of 1800, tho total vnluo of nil the prod
ucts of manufactures, agriculture, min
ing nnd tho fisheries was ?12,464,053,
013, or about 1(198 per capita, whilo tho
aggregate wealth of the country amount
ed to f'15,037,091,197. cr an approxi
mate v.ea'.th per capita of moro than
1 1,000. History nowhere presents n
moro wonderful picture of progress and
development of a country's resources.
Carroll D. Wright.
Uow to Make Our Currency Elastic
The greatest dofectiu our present cur
rency system is its lack of elasticity.
It does not expand nnd contract with
the regular normal expansion and con
traction of business. Again, during
times of panic, it fails still moro com
pletely to meet the unusual demands
upon it
This was forcibly illnstratod during
the panic of 1893. At that time many
millions of currency thnt had been in
tho channels of circulation were sud
denly withdrawn nnd locked up. At tho
same t!mo theroweut up from thousands
of business men a demand for currency
that could not be met. Men were sacri
ficing property or offering government
bonds as collateral, but currency could
not be had. Do you nsk why? Simply
because there was none to be had. That
which had been locked up by panic
stricken owners was no moro available
than if it had been sunk to tho bottom
of tho sea.
difficulty of ranks in A CRISIS.
In England or Canada the crisis
would have been met immediately by
tho creation of an enormous volume of
bunk notes leaned on approved commer
cial popor. In this country, however,
sucn action was impossible, unly a
small part of our currency, about ono
eightb, is issued by banks, aud their
machinery is to bungling aud clumsy
it takes so long to get it running that
it was impossible for the national banks
to do anything to relieve the situation.
It would have been very profitable for
them if they could have done so, and
many of them mado the attempt to ex
tend their circulation ; but, as has been
shown by Hon. John DeWitt Warner of
New York, they could not get their
clumsy machinery at work soon enough.
The national bank system utterly failed
at the critical moment. The clearing
bouses came to the rescue as best they
could. They calmly ignored the stupid
statutes of the United States, and saved
thousands from ruin. Thousands more
might have been saved if a little sim
ple, practicable device had been in oper
ation. What is that device? Nothing
more or less than to permit any holder
of government bonds to convert them,
principal and accrued interest, into cur
rency at his pleasure, and to reconvert
the currency into bonds at pleasure.
BONDS AND CURRENCY CONVERTIDLE.
Uudor this simple plan millions of
bonds would have been converted into
currency at the time of thepauio aud its
worst evils avoided. After the scare was
over when the panic stricken hoarders
began to unlock their currency and let
it into tho channels of trade much of
tho currency issued to tide over tho cri
sis would have been returned to the
federal treasury and bonds taken out
again.
In putting forward this plan I make
no claim to originality. It has been
urged by many eminent statesmen,
from Lincoln's great secretary in the
sixties to tho able and clear headed
member from Ohio, Hon. Tom L. John
sou, but because of overconservatism
nothing has been done..
There can be no valid reason why tho
holders of government bonds should not
convert them into noniuterest bearing
currency lit will, nor why the holder of
government currency should not be al
lowed to convert that currency into low
interest bearing bonds. 0
GOOD EFFECTS OF THE PLAN.
Simple as this plan is, it would bring
about the following very desirable re
suits:
First. Impart to our federal currency
a degree of elasticity enabling it to ex
pand readily with tho demands of trade,
or at tho time of a panic, and to con
tract when business fell off or when the
scare of the pauio had subsided and the
locked up currency was lot out to take
its place in tho channels of trade.
Second. Save to the people the inter
est on nil bends when converted into
currency, until the currency should be
reconverted into bonds.
Third. Cause the national banks to
yield up their circulation. There would
then be no profit for them in maintain
ing a circulation. Perhaps this is oue
of the reasons why the plan has not
been adopted.
Fourth. Enable the federal treasury
to cease running a gold warehouse for
the benefit of exporters. Nobody but
gold exporters would ever ask to con
vert curreccy into gold if they had the
option of converting it into a low inter
est bearing bond.
In conclusion permit me to ask why
the government should run a free ware
house for the benefit of gold exporters
any more than a wheat or cotton ware
house for wheat and cotton exporters.
' The only way that tho government
can finally redoero either its bonds or its
currency is through its power of taxa
tion. Make the former interconvertible
aud give our currency elasticity.
C. J. BUELL.
Minneapolis.
Charity is greater than justice? Yes,
tt. I . . - - I A . ..'i J .!--
iii in greater ,:t is me summit oi justice;
u is me temple oi win en justice is tno
foundation. But you cannot have the
IUJ) WllIIUUG llltt UUIIUIO, 1UI1 UUUUOIr
It.-.tlr! u.,.;. v i. i
upon justice, for this main reason that
you have not at first charity to build
with. It is the last reward of good
work. Do justico to your brother (you
uuu uu muii tv.iuuji'r yuu iovo Him ur
not), uui you will come to love him.
uuaftiui
The New York World, thrice-a-
week edition, iS pages a week, 156
papers a year. Is larger than any
weekly or semi-weekly paper published
and is the only important Democratic
"weekly"' published in New York City.
i-i. . . , . .
inree times as large as the leading 1
republican weekly of New York City.
It will be of especial advantace to
you during the Presidential campaign;
as it is published even other da v.
except Sunday, and has all the fresh
ness and timeliness of a daily. It
combines all the news with a long
list of interesting departments, unique
ieatures, cartoons and graphic lllustra
tiens, the latter being a specialty.
All these improvements have been
made without any increase in the
cost, which remains at one dollar per
year.
We offer this unequaled newspaper
and the Columbian and Farm Xcws
together one year for $1.75
1 he regular subscription price of
the three papers is $2.50.
Must Use The Knlfs
Said the Surgeon, but Dr. David Kennedy's
Favorile Remedy was taken and tho
Knifo Avoided.
The I'nion and Advertiser of Rochester.
N. V., recently published the following in
teresting Recount of how William Y. Ailams
of 127 South nvenue, lhat city was saved
irom a paintul operation by the use of Dr.
iJavid Kennedy' Favorite Kemcdy.
Mr. Adams said: "Three years azo I
was taken i;h kidney disease very badly;
at times I wn completely prostrated j in
fact, was so l ad lhat the day was set for the
doctors to perform nn operation upon me.
jut 1 ucciuen 1 would not su.jmit. I had
been put in hot water baths nnd, in fact,
nearly every means was tried to help me.
Upon the day set for the operation I com
menced the use of lr. David Kennedy's
Favorite Remedy, and fiom that moment
began to gain, and it was not long before I
was entirely cured and have had no return
of the trouble since. My weight has in
creased and I never was so well as I am
now. I have recommended
DR. DAVID KENNEDY'S
FAVORITE REMEDY
to many people, for it saved my life."
In speaking to Mrs. Adams, she said:
"About a year aco I was in a very feeble
slate of health, being completely run down.
1 had doctored considerably, but without
permanent relief. One day one of my
neighbors advised me to take Dr. David
Kennedys favorite Remedy, which I did
My -trouble was dyspepsia, and for a lonir
while I was unable to be about at all ; but
after taking a few doses I was completely
cured, nnd now enjoy good health."
Hundreds 01 men nnd women with that
"run down" condition, unable to work.
have recovered health and strength through
this remarkable remedy. It purifies the
blood, stirs the liver and kidnevs to a healthy
action. In cases of rheumatism, kidnev.
liver and urinary troubles, it is a well-known
specinc. im.
'I;:;':::!:: :::: "::!:
i
That's the question. It Is not trip
man who in scouring tho country
around to And some old toothless
enws that have done (,-ood srvlee for
their owners, but belnx a llitle awd
now, they find It is cheaper to sell
as
iiiriil luau iu iiiie meui uie upon
their hands. The beef you know
1. I. t 1. . .
SB
nut wiiHL you save men you will
peed to pav dentist bills Inter on.
We buy nothing but ,
Heavy Steer Beef.
This is raised upon corn, and killed
when the meat Is good aiid tender.
We have the finest cluss of trade In
liloniusburv. our customers are
pleased with the meat we sell.
U LOUIS LYONS. Bain St.. BLOOKSBURC.
Feet
35
wet again?
at-
You'll die some day. Before 3j
U long, too, if you don't take care
2 ...... . .
g ox incss ieei. tome 01 inegw
g newest, most desirable things 2
fi in wet weather shoes nre here. Q.
fe Bloomsburg
Si Store Co., Ltd.
WALL PAPER
BY
MAIL
AT NVIIOI.KHAI.i: IMtlri H.
( New designs 8 c. uud up" Warranted
100 Klecant ullts. 53. " " to sun rr
Samples Uorders snine low rates. money re.
rte -end 80. for postage; de-J funded.
I duet when ordering. F. II. Lady, 805
Westmr. St., l'rovulenee., It. I.
LIBEH1L DISCOUNTS TO I'LIBU AND AOKNTS.
U-5-4U
The Leading Consenratorf of America
VAIl ABLTEN, AJITWtOr.
Founded is 16Mb j
A. AUUTJQO.
V - flf JlI -ndi tor Prospectus
1
lN5i"giviri full information.
Fhank W. Hals, General Manager.
IREST0KE LOST MANHOOD
Young; and middle-need men who
uller from error ol youth, lun 01
viiamy, impo(ency,semtnui wsmk
ne, gleet. t riclmvs, weakness oi
body and mind, can betliorouuhlv
and permanently cared by my new
mcmoa ci irca.nicm. rion enter
lik It, Immediate Improvement.
Consultation ana book lre. Ada.
DR. SMITH, Lock box 635, Phila. Pa.
out in the rain
A good drenching in a cold rain is often tho beginning
of consumption. Yet no one claims that the germs of this
disease existed in the rainwater. Then how was this brought
about? The exposure was followed by a cold; the vitality was
lowered; the cough continued for some weeks; the throat
and lungs became congested; and thus all the conditions
were favorable for the growth of the consumption germs.
dftVulstCTU
of Cod-liver Oil,vith hypophosphites, docs not directly attack
these germs and kill them. But it does tone up the whole
system aud restores the body to health before serious harm
is done. The germs of consumption thrive best when the
system is weakened and the throat and lungs congested. Do
not delay until it is too late, but treat 3'our cough early.
Scott's Emulsion is one of the very best remedies.
50 cts. and $i n SCOTT & BOWSE, Chemists, Kcw York.
A6K FOR THE BftKLET ON UGHF AND
-
GIVES eBEST UGHT IM THE
ALEXANDER BROTHERS & CO.
DEALERS IN
Cigars, Totecco, Candies, Fruits ana Huts
SOLE AGENTS FOR
Henry Maillard's Fine Candies. Fresh Every Week.
Goods j. Specialty,
SOLE AGENTS FOR
F. F. Adams & Co's Fine Cut Chewing Tobacco
Bole agents for the following brands of Cigars-
Hoary Clay, Loai-os, Normal, Iadian Princess, Saaisoa, Silver As
Bloomsburg Pa.
T0p:
a
AT W. H. MOORE'S
And see the largest collection of shoes in the county. All
bought before the advance in prices. You get the benefit oi
our early buying.
Our fall and winter underwear and hosiery is now on
our counters at prices never heard of before.
Co-rrr. Ir.o.v axd Main-Sts. 'W. H. flOOrC
What brings relief from dirt and
grease? Why don't
you know?
B. F. Sharpless, Pres.
BLOOMSBUR
LAUD IMPROVEMENT COMPANY.
Capital Stock, $30,000.
Plotted property is in the coming business centre of the
town. It includes also part of the factory district, and has uo
equal in desirability for residence purposes.
CHOICE LOTS are offered at values that will be doubled
in a short time.
No such opportunity can be had elsewhere to make money.
Lots secured on SMALL MONTHLY PAYMENTS-
Map of the town and of plotted property furnished on ap
plication. Call upon or write to the Secretary, or J. S. "Woods, Sales
Agent, or any member of the Board of Directors.
BOAED OF DIRECTORS.
B. F. Sharpless; J, L Dillon.
C. W. Neal, A. G. Briggs, Dr. I. W. Willits,
Dr. H. W. McReynolds, N. Li. Funk.
f6e$ Iov Jind Good Woifk.
For the finest and best stoves, tinware, roofintr, spouting
and general job work, go to V. V. Watts, on Iron street.
Buildings heated by steam, hot air or hot water in a satisfac
tory manner. Sanitary Plumbing a specialty.
I have the exclusive control of the Thatcher steam, hot
water and hot air heaters for this territory, which is acknowl
edged to be the best heater on the market. All work guaran
teed. W. W. WATTS,
IRON STREET.
arr n
W6R15 rABiEiy SPE
N. U. Funk, Sec. C. II. Campbell, Treas.
1 1-19-
Bloomsburg- P.
Magazines
FOR THE HOME.
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ctri BaTca.;
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Undoubtedly the Best Club Offers
a(aatataaaAatataafaaaB)
THE MARKETS.
BLOOMSBURG MARKETS.
COBBICTID WI1ILT. BITAIL FBICM.
Butter per lb $ .24
Eggs per dozen .16
Lard per lb , .10
Ham per pound uj
Pork, whole, per pound ,06
Beef, quarter, per pound .... .07
Wheat per bushel. .80
Oats " " a8
Rye " " 50
Wheat flour per bbl 3 85
Hay per ton 12 to $14
Potatoes per bushel, .30
Turnips " " 15
Onions " " .50
Sweet potatoes per peck 15 to .30
Tallow per lb 4 J
Shoulder " " u
Side meat " " C7
Vinegar, per qt 07
Dried apples per lb .05
Dried cherries, pitted .10
Raspberries ,u
Cow Hides per lb .3!
Steer " " 05
CalfSkin So
Sheep pelts , .75
Shelled corn per bus .50
Corn meal, cwt a. 00
Bran, " loo
Chop " 1,00
Middlings " 1. 00
Chickens per lb new ,u
" "old 10
Turkeys " lai
Geese " " I0
Ducks " " 08
COAL.
No. 6, delivered 9.40
" 4 and s " 3.50
" 6 at yard 2.25
" 4 and s at yard. 3.25
E. A. RAWLINGS.
DIALER IN
All Kinds of Meat.
Beef, Veal, Lamb. Mutton,
Pork, Hams, Bacon, Tongues,
Bclogna, &c. Free Deliyery
to all parts of the town.
CENTRE STREET,
BLOOM SBURC, PA.
tSTTelephone connection.
PATENTS
Caveat s and Trade Marks obtained, and al'
Patent business conducted for JIODKKAT
FEES.
UUH OFFICE IS OPPOSITE TITK V. a PAT
ENT OFFICE. We have no suo-atrenclen, U
business dlreot, hence can tranaact patent busl
ness In less time aud at Less Coat than those re
mole from WaaUlmjion.
Send model, drawing or photo, with descrlp
tlon. We advise If patentable or not, frvecf
cuartfe. Our fee not due till patent Is secured
A book, "How to Obtain Patents," wllh refer
ences to am ual client s In your buite.county, 0
town sent free. Address
c. A. SNOW a co Washington, V. II
(Opposite U.b Patent omce.)
Bring the Babies.
INSTANTANEOUS PROCESS USED.
Strictly frst-tlass guaranteed photographs,
ciayons anil copg nt reasonable prices. We
use exclusively the Collo!ion ArMotype ri
peis, thus secuiiiiK Rtealer beauty of finish
anil permanency of icsulls. CAPWi'".U-.
MARKET SQUARE GHLERt.
ll-2J-ly.
Over Hartman'i Store.
9
GET YOUR
JOB PRINTING
DONE AT THE
COLUMBIAN OFFICE
ll-M-ly.-l'. & co.