V
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
Jj L. FRITZ,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Oirici Front Room, over Toiloffio
BLOOMSBURG. PA.
J.
ft. MAIZE,
ATTOr.NEV-AT-LAW,
IlfSVftANCR AND IlEAI. ESTATE MOT,
Orncx Room No. 2, Columbian BiUdlnj,
BI.OOMSI1URG, PA.
N.u-
FUNK,
ATTOr.NEV-AT-LAW,
Office In Enl'j Rulldlne, near Court Home,
HLOOMFBURG, TA.
J
OHN M. CLARK,
ATTORNEY-AT-I.AW,
AM)
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE,
Office over Moyer Uro's. Drug Stoit,
BLOOMSDURG, PA.
w- MILLER,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Office In Grower's building, 2d floor, room No i.
BLOOMSBURG, FA.
FRANK ZARR,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Office cor. Centre & Main St s.( Clark's building,
BLOOMSBURG, FA.
sfsTCan be consulted In German.
EO. E. ELWELL,
r
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Office, Second floor, Coluhiian Bulldii,
BLOOMSBURG, FA.
H
V. WHITE,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Office la Wlrt'i Building, 2nd floor, Main St
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
L.
S. WINTERSTEEN,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
AMD
NOTARY PUBLIC.
Office in First National Bank Building, 2d flor,
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
w Pensions and bounties collected.
JP P. BILLMEYER,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
(DISTRICT ATTORNEY,)
Office oyer Dentler1! Shoe sure, Front room,
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
R
OBERT R. LITTLE,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Office, CoLvmuif Bnilding,or,front mm,
BLOOMSBURG, fA.
QRANT HERRING,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
OSes onx JUwHngt' Meat Market,
BLOOMSBURG, FA.
w.
H. RHAWN,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Ofiot, comer of Third and Main Streets,
CATAW1SSA, PA.
J-
B. McKELVY, M. D.,
SURGEON AND PHYSICIAN,
Office, North nU Main Street, belew Market,
BLOOMSEURG, FA.
D
R. J. C. RUTTER,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
Office, North Market Street,
BLOOMSBURG. PA.
D
R. WM. M. REBER,
, SURGEON AND PHYSICIAN,
Office, comer of Rock and Market Streets,
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
JONORA A. ROBBINS, M. D.
i nfltM West First St.
fipecli) attention given to tho eye and
ear na tne mimg m cuwsca.
J
J, BROWN, M. D,
Office and Residence, Third Street, West
of Market, near M. i.. Churcn,
i & BLOOMSBURG, PA.
tfXMtx hours erery alternoon and CTtninj.
Special attention given to the eye and the fitting
t glasses, seicpaumccennccupiu
D
R. J. R. EVANS,
TlXATUUT OF ClIEOKIC DllXAlKS HIDE A
t 5HC1ALTY.
.Office and Residence, TVird St, below MsrVet,
BLOOMSDURG, TA.
M.
J. HESS, D. D. S.,
iGrsdmts of the Philadelphia Dental Cellete,
fearing opened a dental office in LACXAKD'tl
JBUILdikg, corner ei au ana testis sirecu,
3L00MSBURG, PA.,
o KceiT, all patieaU requlrinf pro-
it " i i a.j.u
' CbM, AMD COCJU. AXAITHXTICS,
ElUBl.
' t MlnUa extractlu of teeth
adalnlstwed fot tUcil tctA ait inserted.
use ot curge was.
AIO. VfOSJC UOAJUMTB. .1
w
AINWRIGHT & U
WHOLESA:,GROCERS..
Tias, Sysuh, Corrn, Sugar, Molas
Rick, Sricis, IIicaub Soda, Etc., Etc.
N. E. Corner Second and Arch Sts.
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
WPrJers will receive prompt attention.
M.
C. SLOAN & BRO.,
Mandfactvsirs 07
Carriages, Buggies, Phaetons, Sleighs, Platform
Wagons, &c
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
Fiiit-dais work always on hand. Repairing
neatly done.
sTrtces reduced to suit the times.
H' HOUSE,
SURGEON DENTIST,
Office, Barton's Building, Main St., be!. Market,
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
All styles of work done In a superior manner,
and all work warranted a represented.
TiiTifExTrfAcTOD Without Pajk,
'tf the uie of Gss, and free of charge whs n
Vllftdal teeth art Inserted,
f T.lbe -open all hours during the day.
GET YOUR JOB LMUNTING- -DONE
AT THE ,
Columbian omoa
J
Uwing tc
the extreme
mild
sold
senson lieavj
;oods will bo
very cheap.
D. LowenIcro's Est.
Having clea
out a large
1 n
oiir)iu3 siock ot vver
Coats wo
oiler Big
are now enabled o
$4.50 buys a $()0 Coat,
0.00
8.00
10.00
That's the story we'reWlliii
you now. A tlepreeiatilu
prices, not iu quality.
$15.00 buys a $20.01
Satin Lined Chinchilla Civer
Coat.
Now we have a lot of Blaik
Corkscrew Over Coats ; alto
Wide Wales at $G.OO and ujV
wards, while all wool Kersey
at $8.00, must bo seen to bo
appreciated
mi m :i j r i , '
Aiiusu yiuiuruus wver uoais
at $1.50 are here again. Suits
for little Boys at $1.25. We
prefer to sell The Jerseys and
other fine suits of which we
have the largest assortment in
town.
And here are the bigger Boys'
Suits and Over Coats, some at
low prices and some at lower.
Now we tell you that we will
surprise you it you will only
call and see the Big Bargains
you can buy. A big assortment
of Children's Pants and Waists
for 25c. Do not be scared when
we will sell you a Boys' Suit for
$1.50, and a waist thrown in.
When you come we will show j
you some other eye openers.
Storm Over Coats are so much
I
reduced, we are ashamed to
put the prices on paper, but we
will tell you all about them
when you come for one and
come pretty soon while we have
a big assortment, for while we
lave not the largest store room
in the county we have the larg
est stock of Clothing, Hats,
Caps, Underwear, and every
thing for Men, Boy3 and Chil
dren's wear, while everybody
will acknowledge that we are
lieadniiartera 111 Tnink3. JjasS.
. . ,
cic. JNow we have posted you
011 our cheapest and lowest price
goods, wo want to tell you about
our Rochester Tailor Made
Clothing. There may not be so
great a profit as tn some oj the
cheap (fash sold where you
make a dollar and lose a cus
tomer that will not pay in the
end, bo we keep the best quality
of goods, sell them at a small
profit and give our customers
tho best of satisfaction.
Wide Wale Double Breasted
Prince Alberts.
Three Button Cutaways.
Straight Cut Sacks.
These arc some of the latest
and nicest styles of Rochester
Made Clothing.
"Wo have a few Double Breast
ed Sacks. Heavy Coats and
Vesta, just tho thine to keep you
warm.
Cardigan Jackets, a big line.
Scotch Caps for 25 cents.
Fur Caps for 1.50.
D.ou'.t forget tho boys, little
big- Bring them right
! V our .coats and Winter
njong 10 coat but little and
Caps; thoy vplfeetj how cheap
you wmoemu . ut for winter.
you can rig them C1. llU
uiovcs, onirts, i.
of tho latest stylo,
A few Jersey Suits for
dren, to bo cleared out cheap,
well as Over Coats for little
boys.
All wo ask is a visit before
you buy and you certainly will
be convinced that tho oldest Cloth
iug Store in town is still tho
place to buy your clothing.
1). Lowcnbcrgs Est,
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
lie
BLOOMSBURG, PA., FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6,
COME AND HAVE YOUIl
J. 6. Wells, the Optician
WHO HAS JUST COMPLETED A THOKOUGIILY-l'RAOTIOAL
COURSE AT IJUCKLIN'S OITIIALMIO COLLEGE, NEW YORK.
ESQ Itira. Charge MIADB
for Examining Eyes,
PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED.
Fine line peb
ble and white
crystal lenses
constantly i n
stock, also the
Kine watch work :iii.l jobbing neatly
anteml to givo satisfaction.
PLASTER.
I h EvenYWHMt 1 mr f
I I I 25CTS. 1 f
. 5for$i.oo
or mailed for price. F
ir ri.llu.lcli-lil.i.
Si4nl Oin-ni M'lil. ISlli.
Yrtrly IIxih-iiop, S500.
Tufk l'a iitenlt S1J5.
Admh trnl cllslfiet Aung men ani toys at any timet fits them
i oini Annapom. iTuuiin( ciuk uiteoi ine im ctuiiii
iHMiia tn tne rritKiivii it?acnrs an mn an.i priaune t! nnt-cius (oiiez. fine Dutiainj tineie or double
rimm Lveiy room has in it a tteam ratiitor anT is completely furnished. Grounds (ten acres lor fout-halt, bane-balL
athletic etc (;mnaiutn SecUl omi tunnies fur apt stuJenu to atvance raii.tly, I'ntate tutoring and special drlLl
lor liackt jrd tms. fatrons or itmlents may select any studies, or a Itusines. Colleee Preitaratory, Clectrlcal. nr Civil
imuineinj course, I'hyskal anJ Chemital Ijitiuraiory. Practical Uusiness Uepanment, Snort-hand, Tye-wrltin2, etc.,
etc. MV fully supplied Ith apmratus than anv finer College httinu school. Media Academy affords every home com
fort, the,t etlucatioti, and the (esttriininK Mied prices cover every expense. No eiaminttfons for admission. New
Illustrate I awleue sent tree to any aJdrckS. iUTltlN C. SllOKTLlDCfc, A.B , A.M. ( Harvard Graduate), Principal
and I'roprWor, Media, la
1
Mr din, In., nonr lMilln.
cboul (Itpnt Hept. 'JAth
Yenrly iirnic. MOW.
Two I'njut-nts,
FOR GIRLS AND YOUNG
Graduating CVrsn In Classics, t (terature. Silence. Mathematics, Music, Modern languages. Twelve accomplished
teic Iters and iMurers. Superior Musical IVpanment. Srhonl has an oran and eleven pianos. Private tutorm? lot
(ackward pupils Inlividual attention. Smill classes. Pupils surrounded by such restraint M are esscatul to Lbeii
safety and happatss. New lilusiratetl Circular free.
. SWirillNC SHORT!.! IX", It, A M (Harvanl Ctaduate, Ip.,,-. UmAl. 9.
MRS. KW1TII1N C. SUUKTL1UUE. JPrtnclpaJi, Media. r
AD THIS OFF:
Kill cud all T.ajlr Bubierlbers to SSaKS'B MAOA7.INK,
FREE OF
. rotrii. an xr.ioAjtT cwit porKD t.oo
DRAKE'S MAGAZINE
Contains pfeffti of lntfc-efltliip. ltntru:ttTS amrjitor rei-lor. md tribal! br th liidtor tnthort of
thidar. KTrnumbr hcompjetelalttelf. No cooUaaed itorlea. It 14 Xht OBi7first-cl.ua JiluatratcU
JliaixiMi putilibed la tlx countrx at the low price ot
$1.00 a ".Tear.
It intereata the old and tha rum, the rich an. the poor. nd has earsad the reputation It anjoya of being
tbe innat iioimlar la tally MUtatlne In atliteuca.
"Tin only cheap thing-atout It la tbe price "-New York Ran.
lUMIICMIiKIt One Ter& Bubasrlpltoa to UiUKK'S MXOAZIMR coett only til. OO, and yon
rwflte with that a $1.00 Bok fiice ot expense. Tho nw volutuo ut DRAKCS MAGAZINE logins
with the November numb-t. it thea entera on Its otchth yer. Sample copy of Maeatlna and
Cowilcto catalogue of bookamalleilou receipt ot JO cents. .A genu waQtrtl In ercry toru
THE DRAKE PUDLISHINQ CO., 21 Park Row, Ntw York.
80
GUARANTEED FIRST MORTGAGES
A LIMITED
25 por cont Addit.0r.2l Sscurity with Amarioan Loan and
Trust Go. of Boston.
THE WINNEItINVESTMESri0.i,'UiMnteo3onlrmortsi?bX9a on an actuil sla ot Kirms
City real eatato made by It, an! can not Incur a llaointy In oxoesi ot lta cuu assets.
"It lsdinicult to see now any Investment lei raott?joi on 03 nfor t v the;'" '?"'iS'tri?02i
tholeadlnBliankaatKamMClty.autilHKnternstwitUjUiraareanoUlueatrjngejiotttte rinan.
elal men ot Boston and vicinity "Cvn iwrcM B'Ulellii,
Six and eight percent. Investment! U Kansas city Hnl Estate Klrst MortgajJ niudi and Syndi
cates. Interest Buaraut'.t)d ant 1 itiire la prjtlts v 1 1 ) m . cilti : itUinl relerenws.
WILLIAM H. PARMENTER,
B.
F. HARTMAN
IIPSKSKNTS THE FOLLOWING
AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANIES :
North American, of Philadelphia,
Franklin, "
Pennsylvania, " "
York, of Pennsylvania,
Hanover, of New York,
Queens, of London,
North British, of London.
Offim on Market Street, above Main, No. 5.
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
Tvjr p. lvtz,
(Successor to Fi eas Brown,)
AGENT AND BROKER,
Bloohsburg Fire & Life Ins. Agency,
(Established in 1S65.)
COMPANIES UI'PRI'Sr. T n r
AGISTS.
A!tna Fire In. Co. of Hartfoid, 59,528,18.97
Hartford, of Hartford, 5,28s 01 07
Phrenis, of Hartford 4,778,469.13
Springfield, nf SprinRpeld -i.r.oq.ooi.oS
Fire Associalion, Philadelphia,... 4,12,782.29
Uuardinn, 01 London, 1.20,003,323.71
Fhcenu ot 1 ondon, ... (.,924,563.48
Lancashire of I.ng., (U.S. Branch) 1,642, 105.0c
Royal of LnRland ' 4,853,564.00
. ,.. .,.,jrJ,.. jj
Losses promptly adjusted and paid at this office,
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
J
H. MAIZE,
FIRE INSURANCE AGENT,
Office, Second Floor, Columbian Building,
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
Liverpool, London, and Globe, largest In the
World, and peifcitly reliable.
Assets,
Imperial, of London
Continental of New York,
American of Philadelphia,
Niagara, of New York,.,,,
$9.C58.479OT
, 5239.98j.iS
, 2,401,956,11
2,260,479.86
jgXCHANGE HOTEL,
V. R. TUBBS, PROPRIETOR,
Ofpositk Court House.
1
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
Tjf and convenient sample rooms. Bath
L hot and cold water ; and all modern
rooms, vg
conveme.
Exehce Hotel,
''TON, I'A.
- tula well-known
n, irnipmlirncd baa U -ommodato the publlo
bouse, and Is prepared to ao. ' CrU-claaa botoL
with all tae conveniences ot . E r0prt9tor,
LEMUKU UllAU
S. GAUWSON M.D.
J.
SUIHIBON
f- Offlco cornet of Centra and louuii-
KXKS EXAMINED BY
Finest lino of
watches, clocks,
and jewelry in
Bloomsbur
o'
-:o:-
tviii quickly ex cult d.
All work guar
FRESH HOPS, HCMLOCKsQUM NO
PINE BALSAM COMBINED
Spread on white muslin.
THC POPULAR
AND RCLIABIC
Apply ooe now fbr
Bftck&che, Bldeaclie, Rhflnmatlsm,
Kldnny Weakness, Tendnr Lungs,
8or Chest. Etlff Moaoleu, Pom ale
Pains, Crtok. Bprains, etc.
Itcnres ertry wrt of Pain, Ache, or Weakness,
tvnd quickly, too.
v j r
Zoofcor tiQnature of HOP PLASTER.CO.,
PnopmtTOM. BOSTON, m the genuine good.
DIA ACADEMY
for Busine, any Collect, Polytechnic School, for Wctt
ami nest manieu rxnooi.
wmhI talile. All studrnt
BROOKE HALL,
LADIES. Kits Eastman's Celebrated School.
EXPENSE,"
book i oiviKo r.kcn BDn?cntDKn tttb
8.1
GUARANTEE.
Gen'l. Agent. 50 Stale St.. Boston.
QHRISTIAN K. KNAPP.
FIRE INSURANCE,
BLOOMSBURG.
Home of N. Y. ; Merchsnts', of Newark,
N.
J. ; Clinton, N. Y. ; Peonies' N. Y. ; Reading,
t'a. ; German American Ins. Co., New York. ;
Greenwich Insurance Co., New York ; Jersey
City Fire Ins. Co., Jersey City, N. J.
These old corporations are well seasoned by
ge and FIRE Tested and have never yet had a
toss settle. 1 by any court of law. Their asaets
are all invested in solid securities, are liable
to the ha'ard of FIRE only.
Losses lato.MPTLY and honestly adjusted
and paid as soon as determined, by CHRIST-
IAN
. F. KNAPP, Special agent and Ad-
IfSTER,
IlLOOMSBt KG, I'A.
the people of Columbia county should pat-
rouiie the agency where losses, if any, are set
tied and paid by one of their own citizens.
HCROWNACME
Tub Best Burning Oil That Can bl
Made From PBtrolBum.
1 j, nis a brill Unt light. It will not smok
, chimneys. It will not char the wick. Q
a u h fa teJt n wiU not explode. ItU
pre-etalnenuy a family saiety ou.
We Challenge Comparison
with any other Illuminating oil made.
We UMe Our lepVitati on,
as refiners, upon the statement that it is
tils mt
IN THIt WOUI.I).
Ask you dealer for
CROWN ACNE.
AGUE OIL COMPANY,
BAtfVILLE, 3pA.
Traic for Blooms burg and rfdnlty supplied hj
Bloomaburg, Pa.
nnnK AfiKNTS TVANTKO FOtl
MY STORY OF THENAR
JLtyMarifA. Mvcrmore
fiV. I S lL"la lIoplUli, Ctatff, ndyit tltt UtU fiM,
(1hh) tif nwu-tiUu toU-mt anil tirofuund psttlt",
i' 'i f.i uU. 'I bt UmmuIdi ' Usvi to mk HHn;
Wit. v ua ut
1 did hlctJ 1'tMis-au ftud old llattloaSLufti Id
I'lstH
n nd IVulncn. liUImis blsadrsauK. ffif J'uU
jUit ssOtiirivt Krir Itrva. WnH lor ciicuWl Ut
THE ANNDAUIESSAGE
Prositlent Harrlnon's Commu
nication to CongrcsH.
To thd BnaU and Houi9 of RepreeentatlTMi
Thor ar few tranaotloni in tho admin
istration of tbe ROTernmrat that Are even
temporarily held In the con fid on co of those
charged with the oonduct of the puhllo busi
ness. Everr step taken Is under the observa
Won of an Intelligent and watchful people.
ThesUte of the Union Is known from day to
alFt and suggestions as to the needed legltla
on find an earlier volco than that which
ipealcs In these annual communications of
the president to congress.
Good will and cordiality have character
bed our relations and correspondence with
other governments, and the year just closed
leaves few International questions of Impor
tance remaining unadjusted. No obstacle is
believed to ezUt that can long postpone the
consideration and adjustment of the still
pending questions upon ftatlsfactory and
honorable terms. The dealings of this gov
ernment with other states have been and
should always be marked by frankness and
sincerity, our purposes avowed and our
methods free from intrigue. This courso
has borne rich fruit In the past, and It Is our
duty as a nation to preserve the heritage of
good repute which a century of right deal
thg with foreign governments has secured
to us.
The Fan-American Congress.
In the course of his remarks on the Pan
American congress the president says:
The recommendations of this international
conference of enlightened statesmen will
doubtless have the considerate attention of
congress and lta co-operation in the removal
of unnecessary barriers to beneficial inter
course between the nations of America. Hut
while the commercial results which It is
hoped will follow this conference are worthy
of pursuit and of tho great interest they have
sotted, it Is believed that the crowning ben
efit will be found in tho bettor securities
which may be devised for the maintenance
Of peace among all American nations and
the settlement of all contentions by methods
that a Christian civilization can approve.
While viewing with Interest our national re
sources and products the dolegates will, I
am sure, find a higher satisfaction in the evi
dences of unselfish friendship which every
where attend their Intercourse with our peo
ple. The Hank of Our Envoys.
The president then speaks of tbe maritime
conference, and adds:
In this connection it may be noted that all
the nations of the western hemisphere, with
one exception, send to Washington envoys
extraordinary and ministers plenipotentiary,
DClng the highest grade aooredltod to this
ffovernment. Tho United States, on tho con
trary, sends envoys of lower grade to some
of our sister republics. Our representative
in Paraguay and Uruguay is a minister resi
dent, while to Bolivia we send a minister
resident and consul general. In view of the
importance of our relations with the states
of the American system, our diplomatic
BgenU in those countries should be of the
uniform rank of envoy extraordinary and
minister plenipotentiary. Certain missions
were so elevated by the last congress with
happy effect, and I recommend the comple
tion of the reform thus begun, with the in
clusion also of Hawaii and Haytf, in view of
their relations to tho American system of
states. 1
I also recommend that timely provision be
made for extending to Hawaii an Invitation
to be represented in the international confer- i
nee now sitting at this capital. j
Ilelatloni with China.
Our relations with China have the atten
tive consideration which their magnitude
and interest demand. The failure of the
treaty negotiated under the administration
of my predecessor for the further and more
completo restriction of Chinese labor immi
gration, and, with it, the legislation of the
last session of congress dependent thereon,
leave some questions open which congress
should now approach in that wise and just
spirit which should characterize the rela
tions of two great and friendly powers.
While our supreme interests demand the ex
clusion of a laboring element which expe
rience has shown to be incompatible with
our social life, all steps to compass this im
perative need should be accompanied with a
recognition of the claim of those strangers
now lawfully among us to humane and just
treatment.
The accession of the young Emperor of
China marks, we may hope, an era of prog
ress and prosperity for the great country
over which he is called to rule.
Ham o an AfTttlra.
The present state of affairs In respect to
the Bamoau islands Is encouraging. The
conference which was held in this city iu the
summer of 18b7 between the represeatativos
of the United States, Germany and Great
Britain having been adjourned because of
the persistent divergence of views which was
developed in its deliberations, the subse
quent course of events in the islands gave
rise to questions of a serious character. On
the 4th of February last, tho German min
ister at this capital, in behalf of his govern
ment, proposed a resumption of the confer
ence at Berlin. This proposition was accept
ed, as congress, in February lost, was in
formed. Pursuant to the understanding thus reached,
ommlftsionoru were appointed by me, by and
with the advice and consent of the senate,
who proceeded to Berlin, where the confer
ence was renewed. The deliberations ex
tended through several weeks and resulted
in the conclusion of a treaty, which will be
Submitted to tbe senate for its approval. I
trust that tbe efforts which have been made
to effet an adjustment of this question will
be productive of the permanont establish
ment of law and order in Hamoa, upon tho
basis of tbe maintenance of the rights and
intereote of the natives as well as of tbe
treaty powers.
The questions which have arisen during
the past few years between Great Britain
and tbe UnlUd States are in abeyance or in
course ox amicable adjustment
The Vislierlus Question.
On the part of the government of the Do
minion of Canada on effort has been appar
ent during the seasou just ended to admin
ister the laws and regulations applicable to
the fisheries with as little occasion for fric
tion as was potibe, and the temperate rep
resentations of this government In respect
of oases of undue hardship or of harsh inter
pretations have been in most cases met with
measures of transitory relief. It Is trusted
that the attainment of our just rights under
existing treaties and in virtue of the concur
(rent legislation of the two contiguous coun
fcrlM will not be long deferred, and that all
existing causes of difference may bo equitv
ably adjusted.
I recommend that provision be made by
an International agreement for visibly mark
ing the water boundary between the United
6(atei &d Canada in the narrow channels
that join the Great Lakes. The conventional
line therein traced by the northwestern
boundary survsy. years ago, is not in all
oases readily ascertainable for the settle
ment of jurisdictional questions,
A just and acceptable enlargement of the
list of offeusos for which extradition may be
claimed and granWd Is most desirable be
tween this country and Great Britain. Tho
territory of neither should become a seouro
harbor for the evil doers of the other through
any avoidable shortcoming In this regard.
A new treaty on this subject between tne
two powers has been recently negotiated and
will soon be laid before the senate.
Various International Questions.
Tbe Importance of the commerce of Cuba
and Porto IUco with the Untied Rtates, their
nearest and principal market, justifies tha
expectation that tho existing relations may
be beneficially expanded. The impediment
resulting from varying dues on navigation
and from the vexatious treatment of Yesbels,
on merely technical ground of complaint,
m est India ports, should be removed.
(Here follows brief reference to our rela
tions with Bpahi. France, Portugal and Nic
aragua; to the Brussels international slave
Jraile congrt; to our relations with Ger
many, anil to the condition of Ilaytl.)
A mixed cowmMon is now in sesslou
In this capitul for tho settlement of
long standing claims ogahiit the re
public of Venezuela, and it Is hopid
that a satisfactory coutiutflou will be viteedily
reached. TbU Bovernuutnt has not UoUlated to
auras frwtwattWlftttLal Um bouudarx
1889.
piito now pen am between Great Urmun ana Ven
ezuela may b adjusted amicably aud In strict ac
cordnnc with tlie historic title of the parties.
Tim advnncvment of the empire of Japan has
been evidenced by thn recent promulgation of a
now comUtuUon, containing valuable jruarontles
of li Wrty and providing for a responsible ministry
to con Jut t the government.
It Ia wmiestly recommended that our Judicial
rUliU and processes In Oorea be established on
a firm ImiaU, by providing the machinery necos
s.iryto carry out treaty stipulations lu that re
Krd. 1 lie friendliness of the Persian government con
tinues to bo shown by lu generous treatment of
Americans engaged in ml-isionary labors, and by
the cordial disposition of the shah to encourage
the enterprise of our citizens lu the development
of Persian resources.
A dlx'iwloii Is In proffrwss touching tho juris
dietlunal treaty rights of the United States In
Tin key. An earnuut effort will bo made to define
those rights to the satisfaction of both govern
ments. NHturttllzert Cltltena.
Questions continue to arise In our relations with
several countries la respect to the rights of nat
uralized citizens. Especially It this the case with
France, Italy, Hussla and Turkey, and to a less
extent with Switzerland, From time to time
earnest efforts have Un made to regulate this
Biihjeot by conventions with those countries. An
Improper use of naturalisation should not be per
mitted, but It is most important that those who
have been duly naturalized should everywhere be
accorded recognition of the rights pertaining to
the citizenship of the country of their adoption.
The appropriateness of special conventions for
that purpose Is recognized In treaties which this
government has concluded with a number of
European states, and It is advisable that the diffi
culties which now arise in our relations with other
countries on the Bame subject should be similarly
adjusted.
The llraalllan Involution
The recent revolution In Brazil In favor of tho
establishment of a republican form of govern
ment is an event of great Interest to the United
States. Our minister at UIo de Janeiro was at
once Instructed to maintain friendly diplomatic
relations with tho provisional government, and
the Brazilian representatives at this capital wero
instructed by the provisional government to con
tinue their functions. Our friendly intercourse
with Brazil has, therefore, suffered no interrup
tion. Our minister has been further Instructed to ex
tend on the part of this government a formal and
cordial recognition of the new republic so soon as
the majority of the people of Brazil shall have
signified their assent to its establishment and
maintenance.
Within our awn .borders a general condition of
prosperity prevails. The harvests of the lost
summer were exceptionally abundant, and the
trade conditions now prevailing seem to promise
a successful season to the merchant and the man
ufacturer, and general employment to our work
ing people.
Our Financial Condition
The report of the secretary of the treasury for
the fiscal jear ending June 30, 1889, has been pre
pared, and will be presented to congress. It pre
sents with clearness the fiscal operations of the
government, and I avail myself of It to obtain
home facta for use here.
The aggregate receipts from all sources for the
year were 5387,060,053.84, derived as follows:
From customs 8ii3,8-13,741.C9
From Internal revenue 130,881,513.92
From miscellaneous sources 82,335,803.23
The ordinary expenditures for te name period
were $281,1)96,615 ttO, and the total exenditurea,
Including the sinking fund, were $32,570,929.33.
The excess of receipts over expenditures was,
after providing for the sinking fund, $57,470,129 59.
For the current fiscal year the total revenues,
actual and estimated, are $385,000,000, and the or
dinary expenditures, actual and estimated, are
$293,000,000, making with the sinking fund a
total expenditure of $341,321,116.93, leaving an
estimated surplus of $43,078,883.01.
PurchHHe of Honda.
During the fiscal year there was applied to the
purchase of bonds, in addition to those for the
sinking fund, $9J, 456,172.35, and during thn first
quarter of the current year the sum of $37,83-'),-037.77,
all of which were credited to the sinking
fund. The revenues for the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1891, are estimated by the treasury de
partment at $385,uw,uun, and the expenditures
for the same period. Including the pinking fund,
at $341,430,477.70. This shows an estimated sur
plus for that year of $43,509,5.30, which Is more
likely to be Increased than reduced when the
actual transactions are written up.
The existence of so large an actual and antici
pated surplus should have the Immediate atten
tion of congress, with a view to reducing the re
ceipts of the treasury to the needs of the govern
ment as closely as may be. The collection of
moneys not needed for public uses Imposes an
unnecessary burueu upon our people, aud the
presence of so large a cur pi us in the public vaults
Is a disturbing element in the conduct of private
business. It bat caned into use expedients for
putting It Into circulation of very questionable
propriety. Ve bhould not collect revenue for
the purpose of anticipating our bonds beyond
the requirements of the sinking fund, but auy
unappropriated surplus In the treasury should be
so ued, as there I no other lawful way of re
turning the money to circulation, and the profit
realized by tne government oners a substantial
adviuitage.
Loaning I'ubllc Funds to Hanks.
The loaning of public funds to the banks with
out lnternst, upon the security of government
bonds, I regard as an unauthorized and dangerous
expedient. It results In a temporary and un
natural Increase of the banking capital of favored
localities, and compels a cautious and gradual re
call of the deposits to avoid Injury to the com
mercial interests. It is not to be expected that
the banks having thehO deposits vull sell their
bonds to the treasury so long as the present high
ly beneficial arrangement Is continued. They now
practically get Interest both upon the bonds and
their proceeds. No further use should be made
of this method of getting the surplus Into circula
tion, and the deposits now outstanding bhould be
gradually withdrawn and applied to the purchase
of bonds. It is fortunate that such a use can be
made of the existing surplus, and for some time
to come of any casual surplus that may exist
after congress has taken the necessary steps for a
reduction of the revenue. Such legislation should
be promptly, but very considerately, enacted.
Tariff Itevlslnn Iteronimended.
I recommend a revision of our tariff law. both In
Its administrative features aud in the schedules.
The need of the former Is generally conceded,
and an agreement upon the evils aud Inconven
iences to be remedied and tho best methods for
their correction will probably not be difficult.
Uulformity ot valuation at all our ports Is essen
tial, and effective measures should be taken to
secure (t. It Is equally desirable that questions
affecting rates and classifications should be
promptly decided.
The preparation of a new schedule of customs
duties Is a matter of great delicacy because of Its
direct effect upon the business of the country, and
of great diincuity by reason of the wide diver
gence of opinion as to the objects that may prop
erly be promoted by Buch legislation. Some dia
turbanow of business may perhaps result from the
consideration of this subjout by congress, but thts
temporary in eiuvt win tie reduced to the mini
mum by prompt action and by the assurance u hlch
the country already enjoys that any necessary
changed w ill be ho made as not to impair the just
and reasonable protection of our homo Industries.
The Inequalities of the law should be adjured,
out tne protective principle should te maintained
and fairly applied to the products of our farms as
well a of our shops. These duties necessarily
have relation to othtr thfngv beside the public
revenues. We can not limit their effects by fixing
our eyes on the public treasury alone They have
n uireci relation io nome production, to wont, to
w ages, and to the commercial independence of our
country, and the wise and i wit riot lc legislator
snoma enlarge the Held of his vision to include au
of thaw).
Iteinoval nf the Tobacco Tax
The necessary reduction In our rmblic revenues
can, I am sure, be made without making the
smaller burden more onerous thau the larger by
reason of tho disabilities and limitations which
the process of reduction puts upon both capital
and labor. The fre 1it can be very safely ex
tended by placing thereon articles that do not
offer injurious competition to such domestic pro
ducts as our home labor can supply The removal
of the Internal tax uion totwieco would relieve an
Imjiortant agricultural product from a burden
which was imposed only bocauMj our revenue
from customs duthw was Insufficient for the pub
lic need. H safe provision against fraud can be
delved, the rumcnal of the tux uon spirits used
in the arts and In manufactures would albo offer
an unobjectionable method of reducing the sur
plus, (The president here rofers to the amount of
money in circulation at some length,)
The law requiring the purchase, by the treas
ury, of two milium dollars worth of slUer bul
llou each month, to bo coined into silver dollars
of four hundred and twelve and one-half grains,
has been observed by the department; but neither
the present secretary nor any of hU predecessors
has deemed it safe to exercise the discretion given
by law to Increase the monthly purchases to four
million dollars. When the law was enacted (Feb,
2H, 1878) the price of silver lu the market was
$1.90 4-10 per ounce, making the bullion value of
the dollar 03 tents. Bluce that time the price has
fallen as low as 91.8 cent per ounce, reducing the
bullion value of the dollar to 70 C ceuu. WUbln
the last few mouths the market price has some
what adranced. and on the 1st day of November
but the bullion value of the silver dollar was 7i!
cents.
The Silver Hollar,
The evil anticipations which have accompanied
the coinage and use of the silver dollar have not
been realized, As a cotu It has not had general
use, and the public treasury has been compelled
to store it. liut this is manifestly owing to the
fact that Us aper representative la more con
venient. The general acceptance and use of the
stiver certificate show that silver has not been
otherwise discredited, borne f a orable conditio us
nave contributed to maintain thia ivsUahI
quality, la their comma cUl use, between th
V OlJ 24 JN O 49
trade conditions Chat statutory enactment do
not control, and of the continuance of which we
cannot be certain,
I think It Is clear that, If we should make the
coinage of slirer at the present ratio free, we
must expect that tho difference In tho bullion
values of the gold and silver dollars will le taken
account ot lu commercial transactions, and I
fear the Fame result would follow any consider
able Increase of the present rate of coinage.
Buch a result would be discreditable to our finan
cial management and disastrous to all business
interests. We should not tread the dangerous
edge of such a jerll. And. Indeed, nothing more
harmful could happeu to the silver Interests,
Any safe legislation upon this subject must .se
cure the equality of the two coins In their com
merclal uses.
I have always been an advocate of the use of
silver In our currency. We aro large producers of
that metal, and should not discredit it. To the
plan which will be presented by the secretary of
the treasury for the Issuance of notes or certifi
cates upon the deposit of silver bullion at Its mar
ket value, I have been able to give only a hasty
examination, owing to the press of other matters
and to the fact that it has been so recently formu
lated. The details of such a law require careful
consideration, but the general plan suggested by
him seems to satisfy the purpose to continue the
use of slher In connection with our currency, and
at the same time to obviate the danger of which I
have spoken. At a later day 1 may communicate
further wlh congress upon this subject.
(Trebtdeut Harrison here makes brief ref
erence to tho Chinese Exclusion act and the
Behring Boa proclamation)
Coast Defenses.
Judged by modern standards, we are practical
ly without coast defenses. Many of the structures
wc have would enhance rather than diminish the
perils of their garrisons if subjected to the fire of
Improved guns; and very few are so located as to
give full effect to the greater range of such guns
as we are now making for coat defense uses.
This general subject has had consideration In con
gress for some years, and the appropriation for
the construction ot large rifled guns, made one
year ago, was, I am sure, the expression of a pur
pose to provide suitable works In which these
guns niiht be mounted. An appropriation now
made for that purpose would not advance the
completion of the works beyond our ability to
supply them with fairly effective guns.
The security of our coast cities against foreign
attack should not iit altogether in the friendly
disiKwition of other nations. There should be a
second line wholly tn our own keeping, X very
urgently recommend an appropriation at this ses
sion for the construction of such works In our
most exposed harbors.
I approve the suggestion of the secretary of
war that provision be made for encamping com
panies of the National Guard tnour coast works
for a specified time each year, and for their train
ing in the use of heavy guns. Ilia suggestion that
an Increase of the artillery force of the army Is
desirable Is also in this connection commended to
the consideration of congress.
The improvement of our Important rivers and
harbors should be promoted by the necessary ap
propriations. Care should be taken that the gov
ernment is not committed to the prosecution of
works not or public and general advantage, aud
that the relative usefulness of works of that class
Is not overlooked. So far as this work can over
be said to be completed, I do not doubt that the
end would be sooner and more economically
reached If fewer separate works were undertaken
at the same time, and those selected for their
greater general interest were more rapidly pushed
to completion. A work once considerably begun
should not be subjected to the risks and deteriora
tion which Interrupted or insufficient appropria
tions necessarily occasion.
Protection of Federal O Ulcers and Wit
nesses. The assault made by David S. Terry upon the
person of Justice Field, of the supreme court of
the United States, at Lathrop, Col., In August
last, and the killing of the assailant by a deputy
United States marshal who had been deputed to
accompany Justice Field and to protect hlra from
anticipated violence at the hands of Terry, In con
nection with the legal proceedings which have
followed, suggest questions which. In my Judg
ment, are worthy of the attention of congress.
I recommend that more definite provision be
made by law, not only tor tbe protection of fed
eral officers, but for a full trial of such coses in
the United States courts, lu recommending suoh
legislation I do not at all Impeach either the gen
eral adequacy of the provision made by the state
laws for the protection of all citizens, or the gen
eral good disposition of those charged with the
execution of such laws to give protection to the
officers of the United States. The duty ot pro
tecting lta officers, as such, and ot punishing
those who assault them on account of their offi
cial acts, should not bo dovolved expressly or by
acquiescence upon tbe local authorities.
Events which have been brought to my atten
tion, happening In other parts of the country.
have also suggested the propriety of extending
by legtilatlon fuller protection to those who may
be chUhI as witnesses In the courts ot the United
State. Tbe law compels those who are supposed
to hae knowledge of public offenses to attend
upon our courts and grand juries and to give evi
dence. There Is a manifest resulting duty that
these witnesses shall be protected from Injury on
account of their testimony. The Investigations
of criminal offenses are often rendered futile aud
the punishment of crime Impossible, by the in
timidation of witnesses.
The necessity ot providing some more speedy
method for disposing of the cases which now
come for final adjudication to the supreme court
becomes every jear more apparent and urgent.
The plan of providing some Intermediate courts,
having final appellate jurisdiction ot certain
classes of questions and coses, has, 1 think, re
ceived a more general approval from tbe bench
and bar of the country than any other. Without
attempting to dlsouss details, I recommend that
provision be mode for the establishment of such
courts.
The salaries ot the judges of the district court
in many of tho districts are, In my Judgment, in-
adeqnate. I recommend that all such salaries
now below $3,000 per annum be Increased to that
amount, It Is quite truo that the amount of lalor
performed by these Judges is very unequal; but
aa they cannot proiwrly engage in other pursuits
to supplement their Incomes, the salary should be
such In alt cases as to provide an independent and
comfortable surnort.
Earnest attention should be given by congress
to a consideration of the question how far tbe re
straint of those combinations of capital commonly
called "trusts" Is matter of federal Jurisdiction.
When organized, as they often are. to crush out
all healthy com i hi tit ion and to monopolize the
production or bale of an article of commerce nnd
general necessity, they are dangerous conspira
cies against the public good, and should be made
me subject of prohibitory and even penal legis
lation. The subject of an International convriirht has
been frequently commended to the attention of
congress by my predecessors. The enactment of
sucn a law would be eminently wise and Just.
Our naturalization laws should be so revised
to make the Inquiry Into the moral character
and good disposition towards our government of
uie persons applying for citizenship more thor
ough. This can only be done by taking fuller
control of the examination, by fixing the times
for hearing such applications, and by requiring
the presence ot some one who shall represent the
government In the Inouirv. Those who are the
avowed enemies of social order, or w ho come to our
snore to swell the Injurious influence and to ex-
ina uie evu practices of any association that de
ne our laws, bhould not only be denied citizen
ship, but a domicile.
The enactment of a national bankrupt law of a
character to be a permanent part of our general
legislation Is desirable. It should be simple In Us
luciuous ana mexiensrve in its administration.
The lotmaster Uenerat's Heport.
The report of the Dost master general not oilr
exhibits the oivratlons of the department for the
last fUcal year, but contains manv valuable nuir.
gestlonsfor the Improvement and extension of
luobervico, wmcnare commended to your atten
tion. No other branch ot the government has so
close a contact w ith the dally life of the peoj A.
Almobt every one utes the service it offers, and
every hour gained In the transmission of the
great commercial malls ha on actual and tussl.
ble value that only those engaged in trade can
understand.
The saving ot one dav in tiie tmnimlsslnn nf th
malls between New York and Ban Francisco,
which has recently been accomplished, is an Inci
dent worthy of mention
The plan mggeated of a supervision of the post
offices in separate dlstrlcU that shall involve in
struction and suggestion and a rating of the
efficiency of the postmasters would, I have no
doubt, greatly improve tbe service,
Secretary Tracy's Heport,
The report of the secretary of the navy shows a
reorganizattoQ of Uie bureaus of the department
that will I do uot doubt, promote the efficiency of
each,
In general, satisfactory progress has been
made in the construction ot tbe new ships of
war authorized by congress. The first vessel of
the new navy, the Dolphin, was subjected to
very severe trial tests aod to very much adverse
crltlclam. but it Is gratifying to be able to state
that a cruise around the world, from which she
has recently returned, has demonstrated that
she is a first class vessel of her rate.
The report of the secretary shows that while
the effective force of the navy is rapidly increas
ing", by reason of the improved build and arma
ment of the new ships, the number of our ships
fit for sea duty grows ver slowly We had, on
the 4th of March last, thirty-seven serviceable
ships, aud though four have since been added to
the list, the total uumbvr has not been Increased,
becaus In the mean time four have been lent
or condemned, Twenty-six additional vessels
have been authorized and appropriated for, but it
Is probable that when they are completed our list
w 111 only be incroa&od to forty-two, a gain of fit e.
The eld wooden ship are disapiwarlng almost as
fast as the new vessel are added. These facta
carry their own argument. One of the new ships
may, tn fighting strength, be equal to two of the
old, but It cauuot .do the cruising duty of two. It
is Important, therefore, that we should have a
more rapid hicreasa In tha number of fcervtovahl
socrn&ry tnattne construction nr ngnt armored
sUIri Uire gunboat and Art torpedo boata bo
authorised.
An appalling calamity bofell throe of our tiaral
Tessels on duty at the 8amoan lilandt. In tha
harbor of Apia, In March lait, Inrolflng the loss
of four officers and forty-Mren teamen, of two
tnMli, the Trenton and the Vandalla, and the
disabling of ft third, the NlMlc. Three vessels of
the German naTjr, also In the harbor, shared with
our ships the force of the hurricane and suffered
even more hearllf, While mourning tho braro
otScers and men who died, racing with high re
sol re perils greater than those of battle, It Is
most gratifying to state that the credit of the
American nary for seamanship, oourago, and
generosity was rnagnlAcsntlr sustained In the
storm beaten harbor of Apia.
(The president here speaks nt length of tho
progress and condition of the Indian on gov
ernment reservations, and rofers to the
Blouxand Cherokee negotiation!.)
nie wpening UHinnomi.
Under the agreement made between the United
States and the Musoogee (or Creek) nation of
Indians on tbe 19th day of January, 1889, an ab
solute title was secured by the United States to
about three aod a half millions of acres of land.
Boot ion 18 ot tbe general Indian appropriation
act, approved March 9, 1889, mads provision for
uie purenasa uy iun unuoa siaws irom ineutm
tnole tribe ot a certain portion of their lands.
The delegates of the Seminole nation, having
first duly evinced to roe their power to act In that
behalf, delivered a proper release and convey
ance to the UDlted States of all the lands men
tioned In the act, which was accepted by me and
certified to be In compliance with tbe statute.
By the terms of both the acts rarer rod to all thi
lands so purchased were declared to be a part of
the public domain, and open to settlement under
the homestead law. Dut of the lands embraced
In these purchases, being In the aggregate about
fire and a hair minion acres, three and a hall mil
lion acres bad already, under the terms of the
treaty of 1664, been acquired by the United States
for the purpose of settling other Indian tribes
thereon, and had been appropriated to that pur
pose. The land remaining and available for set
tlement consisted of 1,847,764 acres, surrounded on
all sides by lands In the occupancy ot Indian
triU'S. Congress had provided no clnl govern
ment for the people who were to be Invited bv rav
S reclamation to settle upon these lands, except as
iq new court, which had been established at
Muscogee, or the United States courts In some of
the adjoining states, had power to enf oroo the
general laws of the United States.
In this condition of things X was quite reluctant
to oen the lands to settlement, But In view ot
tho fact that seventl thousand persons, many ol
them with their families, hod gathered upon the
borders ot the Indian Territory, with a view to
securing homesteads on the ceded lands, and that
delay would involve them in mucn loss and suiter
lng, I did, on the 23d day of March last, Issue a
proclamation declaring that the lands therein de
scribed would be open to settlement under the
provisions of the law on the 22d day of April fol
lowing, at 12 o'clock noon. Two land districts had
been established and the offices were open for tho
transaction ot business when the appointed tlmo
arrived.
It Is much to tbe credit of the settlers that they
very generally observed the limitation as to the
time wuen tney migui enter me territory, uirs
will tie taken that thoe who entered In violation
of the law do not secure the advantage they un
fairly sought. There was a good deal ot appre
hension that the strife for locations would result
In much violence and bloodshed, but happily these
anticipations were not realized, It is ebtlmated
that there are now in the territory about C0.O0C
people, and set eral considerable towns havi
sprung up, for which temporary municipal gov
ernments have been organized. Guthrie is said tc
have now a population of almost 8,000V Eleven
schools and nine churches have been established
and three dally and five weekly new s papers art
published In this city, whose charter and ordl
nances have only the sanction of the voluntary
acquiescence of the people from day to day.
Oklahoma uur has a population or about nv
thousand, and Is proportionately as well provided
as Guthrie with churches, schools and new spo
ilers. Other towns and villages having popula
tions of from one hundred to a thousand are scat
tered over tho territory.
in order to secure the peace of thw new com
munity, In the altsence of civil government, I di
rected! en, Merrltt, commanding the Department
of tho Missouri, to act in conjunction with tho
marshals or the united States to preserve tho
peace, and upon their requisition to use the
troops to aid them in executing warrants and in
quieting any riots or breaches of the invice that
mignt occur, lie was rurther directed to use his
Influence to promote good order aud to avoid any
conflicts between or with the settlers. Believing
that tho introduction and sate of limiors. where
no legal restraints or regulations exite 1, would
endanger the public peace, nnd in view of the
ract that such liquors must first bo Introduced
Into the Indian reservations before rrachinj; tho
white settlements, 1 further directed tbe general
commanding to enforce the laws relating to the
lntroductlcn ot ardent spirit into the Indian
country.
The presence of tho troops has given a sense ot
security to the well deponed citizens, and lias
tended to restrain the lawless. In one instance
the officer In immediate command of the troops
went further than I deemed Justifiable lu sup
porting the de facto municipal government of
Guthrie, and he was so Informed and directed to
limit the Interference of the military to the sup
port of the marshals on the lines Indicated lu tho
original order. I very urgently recommend that
congress at once provide a territorial govern
ment ror tnese people, berious questions, which
may at anytime lead to violent outbreaks, are
awaiting the institution of courts for their peace
ful adjustment. The American genius for self
government has been well illustrated In Okla
homa, but it is neither safe nor wise to leave theso
people longer to tho expedients which have tem
porarily served them.
Trovlsion should bo made for the acnulsltlou of
title to tow n lots in tho towns now established in
Alaska, for locating town sites and for the estab
lishment of municipal governments. Only the
mining laws have leen extended to that territory.
and no other form of title to lauds can now be ob
tained. Tho general land laws wore framed with
reference to the disposition of agricultural lauds,
and It Is doubtful if their operation In Alaska
would be beneficial.
In tho administration of the land laws the rtolicv
of facilitating, in every proper wny, the adjust
ment or the honest claims of lndfv dual sett ers
upon the public lands has been pursued. The
nuraoer or pending cases hod, during the preced
ing administration, been greatly Increased under
the operation of orders for a timo suspending;
final action In a large part ot the coses origi
nating in the west and northwest, and by the sub
sequent use of unusual methods of examination,
Only those who are familiar with the conditions
under which our agricultural lands have btvn sot-
ued can appreciate the serious and often fatal
consequences to the settler of a policy that puts
his title under suspicion, or delays the issuance
of his patent. While care Is taken to prevent and
to expose fraud, it should not be imputed without
reason.
The manifest purpose of the homestead and
preemption laws was to promote the settlement
of the public domain by persons having a bona
fide intent to make a homo upon the selected
lands. Where this Intent has been well estab
lished and the requirements of the law have been
substantially complied with, the claimant Is en-
utiea to a prompt and friendly consideration of
his case. Hut where there is reason to believe
that the claimant is the mere agent of another,
who Is seeking to evade a law intended to promote
small holdings, and to socuro by fraudulent
methods large tract of timber and other lands,
both principal and agent should not only bo
thwarted In their fraudulent purpose, but bhould
be made to feel the full penalties of our criminal
statutes. The law s should be so administered aa
not to confound these two classes, aud to visit
penalties only upon the latter.
(Reference is here mndo to NewJlexico
and Arizona land titles.)
Tensions.
The law now provides a pension for every soldier
and sailor who was mustered Into the service of
the United StaUw during the civil war and is now
suffering from w ounds or disease having an origin
in the service and iu tho line of duty. Two of the
three nocossary facts, viz.. muster and disability,
are usually susceptible of easy proof; but tho
third, origin In the service, is often difficult, and
In many deserving cases Impossible to establish.
That very many of those who endured tho hard
ships ot our most bloody and arduous campaigns
are now disabled from diseases that had a real but
not traceable origin in the service I do not doubt.
Besides these there Is another class composed
of men many of whom served an enlistment of
three full years, and of re-enllsted veterans who
added a fourth year of service, who escaped the
casualties of battle and the assaults of disease,
who were always ready for any detail, who were
In every battle line of thwlr command, and were
mustered out in sound health, and have, since tho
close of the war, while fighting with the same
Indomitable and Independent spirit the coutesta
of civil life, been overcome by disease or cas
ualty. X am not unaware that the pension roll already
Involves a very targe annual expenditure, neither
am I deterred by that fact from recommending
that congress grant a tension to such honorably
discharged soldiers and sailors of the civil war as
unving renuereu substantial service during the
war are now dependent upon thulr own labor for
a maintenance, and by disease or casualty are in
capacitated from earning it Many uf the men
who would be included in this form of relief are
now dependent upou publio aid, and It does not,
In ty judgment, consist with the national honor
that they shall continue to subsist upon the local
relief given JndiscriruinaWly to paupers instead of
Upon the special and generous provision of the
nation they served so gallantly and unselfishly.
Our pet pie will. I am sure, very generally ap
prove suoh legislation. And 1 am equally sure
that the lurvlvors of tbe Union army aud navy
will feel a grateful sense of relief when this
worthy and suffering class ot their comrades Is
fairly cared for.
There are nome manifest Inequalities in the ex
tsttog law that should be remedied. To some ot
these the secretary of the Interior has called at
tention. av U grtuirying to do rum to state mat by the
adoption of new and better methods in the war
department the rails of the pension office for in
formation as to the military and hospital record
Of pension claimants ore now promptly answered,
tuid the Injurious and vexatious delays that hare
heretofore occurred are entirely avoided. This
will greatly facilitate the adjustment of all pmd
lng claims.
(The president then speaks of the four new
itaWs.)
Protection of Railroad Employe.
The attention of the interstate commerce com
mission bos been called to the urit-ent r.e
( sopgrsssional legislation for the better protection
of the lives and limbs of those engaged lu operat
ing the great interstate freight Uues of the coun
try, and especially of the jardmen aud brake
men. A petition, signed by nearly 10.000 railway
brakemen.was presented to the commission, atk
log that steps might be taken to bring about tho
use of autouxatic brakes and couplers ou freight
IXJNIIMUKU OMTOUUTllk'AUIfc.
JBl., Bloomburc,,VA.
i aUttsVa a ff(iiiuf lis, Ussft