PROFESSIONAL CARDS,
l. Fiurz
A ATTORNEY. AT.L AW,
Onicu Front Room, Over 1'ontoflloo.
ULOOM811UUO, PA.
jTl. MAIZE "
" ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Office. Hoom No. if, Columbian
building.
ULUOMSllUltO, 1A.
Jan. Wtn 1088, tf.
to- U.FUNK, "
ATTORNli' 1T-AT-LAW.
& miXSIUIENBEIl, ""
BLOOMSBURG, PA., FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28, 18B8.
THE COLUMBIAN, VOL. XXII.N0 61
COLUMBIA DKMOCRAT, VOL LI 1 , 10 SS
oflicoln Knt'a Building.
BLoonaioRo, rx
J OIIN SI. CLAHK,
ATTOHNKY-AT-LAW
AND
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE.
BIO0H8BVR0, Pi
Office over Moyer Bros. Drug Btore.
c.
W.MILLER,
ATTORNKY-AT-LAW,
Offlceln Brower'sbulldlng,socondfloor,room Mo.l
Bloomaburg, Pa,
O FRANK ZAKB,
ATTOHNKY-AT-LAW.
BlooniBburg, Pa.
onico corner ot Centre and Main 8 tracts. Clark
Building.
Can bo consulted In German,
QEO. E. ELWELli '
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
liLooMsnuno, Pa.
Ofllce od second lloor, third room ot Col
csiniAN Uulldliijj, Sluln struct, below Ex
change Hotel.
pAUL E. AVIUT,
Attornoy-at-Law.
fflco In Colcmbun Buildino, Third Ooor.
DLOOMSBUKG, PA.
H.
V. WHITE,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
BLuOMSBURO.PA.
Office la owers' Building, 2nd;floor.
may 1-tf
B KNOBII. I" B. WIHTKUTIIH.
KNOBB & WINTEBSTEEN,
Attornoys-at-La-w.
Offlco In 1st National Bank Building, aeoond floor,
nrst door to the left. Corner ot Main and Market
Btroeta Bloomrt urg, Pa.
UfJ'emtone and liounlitt Collected.
P. BILLMEYEH,
(DIS2'JiICT ATTORNEY.)
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW.
iTOnico over
llloomsburg, Pa.
Dcntler's shoo store,
rnpr-30.80.
y. H. BUAWN.
ATTOHNKY-AT-LAW.
Catawlaaa, Fa.
moe.oorner ol Third and MalnBtreeUi
tyjlCHAEL F. EYEltLY,
Convoyancor, Collector of Claims.
AND
LKCIAL ADVICE IN THE SETTLEMENT OF
ESTATES. C.
nronice In Dcntler's building with F. P. Bill
meyer, auorney-ai-iaw,
llloomsburg, Pa.
front rooms, Snd floor
(spr-v-so.
D
It. UONOllAA. BOBBINS.
Offlco and residence, West First street. Blooms-
burg, I'a.
B. McKELVY, M. D.,SurReon and Phy
. Btclan, north tide Main stroet.bolow Martti
D1
. J. O. BUTTER,
PHYSICIAN ftSURUEON,
omce, North Market street,
Dloomsbnrir, r
Dn. wm.
Physician,
treet.
M. BEBEB Burgeon and
Offlce corner of Hock and Market
ESTABLISHED 1870.
J J. BROWN.
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Office and residence on Third street near Metho
dist church. Diseases of the eye a specialty.
jQU. J. It. EVANS.
Treatment of Chronic Diseases made a
SPECIALTY.
Oflici, Third Street,
ijLooMsiwno Pa
, HESS, D. D.S.,
Having opened t
ivr j
'Aa'duato of the Philadelphia Dental College,
lavlntf openeu a ueium
LOOKARD'S BUILDING,
corner of Main and centre streets,
BLOOJISBURG, PA.,
s prepared to receive all patlcnta reeling pro
Baf.a' f "'fun moAL ANAESTHETICS
admtnls. ered f or'the painless extraction .01 Iteet h
free OiCuarEO wiicu ivuvi - -ALL
WOltlC OUAItANTfiED AS REPRESENTED.
OCtS6-ly.
cvr a. BOUSE,
" DENTIST,
Bl OOJlHBUIiO, Colvmbia Coi'MV, Pa
.llstyloBotworkdoneau
free ot CP . gewhenarttnclatteeth
reinserted.
..... , ....... i. i...n.iinf Main street.
Ainrin-t. t vh doors below Klciras
IJUlurv .,......, .. . -
.Imi, alnrp. tlrst lloor.
1o be oven at all hburt during the da
;not18-Ut
w
AINWRIGHT &JO
WHOLESALE GROCERS,
PllILADKLPIIIA, PA.
'j K AS, SYRUPS, COFFEE, SUGAR, M0LA6SES
oih 'ma 'vaos huvow 'eaoi.is 'sow
N. K. Corner Second and Arch Sta.
r-ordere will receive prompt attentcoi
B.
HAVE YOU BEEN
DISAPPOINTED
buyiDg tho ordinary ready
made Clothing, that either
wears badly, loses its color,
and has no stylo t or
DO OU OBJECT
paying excessively high prices
lor madc-to-ordcr Clothing,
and want its equal ready
made t
OUR
LONDON
READYrMADE
CLOTHING
Will suit you exactly. It is
1'crfecl in every particular.
SPECIALTIES i
Full Suits, $13,50 and upwards.
Thompson's Pnlcnt-Cut Trousers
$3 5 and upwards.
KngliBh Beaver Overcoats,
$12. and upwards.
"Our Famous" Capo Coats and
Ulsters, 512.00 and upwards.
E. 0. THOMPSON,
1338 CHESTNUT STREET
(Opposite tho Mint)
Philadelphia.
N. B. Our Fashion Catalogue mulled
to any address, free of chaige.
ORPHANS' COURT SALE
OF VALUAI1LE
Real jE si site !
ECONOMY, as wise folks say,
Is wealth pronounced another way,
So while "hard times" the people cry,
The Toilet Soaps they should not buy.
Let all who buy such Soaps take caio
To weigli the cake exact and fair,
And find they pay in figures round
A dollar, more or less per pound.
A GOOD SUGGESTION.
What course should people then pursue?
In short, the only thing to do,
Though rich in bonds, or worldly poor,
The " IvokvSoap" they should procure,
Which may be bought from coast tocoast,
At sixteen cents per pound at most,
And does more satisfaction grant
Than all the Toilet Soaps extant.
A WORD OF WARNING.
There are many white soaps, each represented to bo " just as good as the 'Ivory')"
they ARE NOT, but like all counterfeits, lack the peculiar and remarkable qualities
of the genuine. Ask for "Ivory" Soap and Insist upon getting it.
Copyright lhvi. by Procter (iambic.
H00
it satisfies
every time,
TRY ONE NOW.
By virtue ot an order of the Orphans' Court of
Columbia county the undersigned executor of
Isaac Bower late of Brlarcreek township, deceased,
will expose to public sale on the premises In Briar
creek township, Columbia county, on
SATURDAY, JANUARY fl, 1889.
at 10 o'clock a. m., tho following described two
tracts of land sltuato In Brlarcreek township
aforesaid, the one being bounded and described aa
follows : Beginning at - stone In line of land form
erly James Adams', thenco north 10 degrees, west
81 and two-tenths perches to stone, north S3 de
grees, east 13 and seven tenths perches to stone,
thence north 10 degrees, west CI and one-tenth
perches to stone, north 4J' degrees, east's and
four-tenths perches to stono. south 10 degrees,
east. 151 ani three-tenths perches to stone, south
Mtf degrees, west 108 and three-tenths perches to
stone, thoplaceof beginning, containing
SIXTY-NINE ACRES
and twenty-two perches of land, about all
Improved, with
FRAME DWELLING, BARN
and outbuildings.
Tbo other pleco ot land In same township,
adjoins the above and Is used with same as
one farm, bounded and described as follows to-wlt:
Beginning at a stone In lino of N. Stout, thence
north 66 degrees, cast 93 perches to pine, thence
by land now or formerly Jacob Sltlcr north lOtf
degree, west 37 perches to a thenco south
50 degrees, west 93 perches to a pine knot, thenco
by the first described, south 10 degrees, east 37
perches to place ot beginning, containing
TWENTY ACRES of LAND.
TEltMS OF SALE. Ten per cent of one-
fourth at the striking dow of tho property,
tho one-fourth less tho ten per cent at tho confir
mation of sale, and the remaining three-fourths
In one car thereafter, with Interest from conflr
matlon nisi.
ISAIAn BOWER.
Jackson, Atty. Executor,
Dec H Berwick ra.
28 Cta.
B for t.OO.
Sold .Terrwhera, or
miuea lur pnoe.
QUICKEST REMEDY KNOWN
Fur bukMhe, ind all radden, ah&rp, or
lonfT-sUnding p&ing or weaknesses of erery
kind. Virtues of fresh hops, hemlock and
pine balsam combined. It Is wonderfully
SOOTHING, PAW'KILLING,
CURATIVE and STRENGTHENING.
1laStEK
MY BACK!
Loot Jot tignature c the proprietor!, HOP PLASTER Co.,
out
for one of thou
HOV
Boston, on the genuine, goods.
CLOTHING! CLOTHING I
G. OT. EERTSCHi
THE MERCHANT TAILOR.
Gonts9 Furnishing GoodSjBais & Caps
OF EVERY DESCRIPTION.
Suits rnado to order at short notice
and afitalwavs cuaranteed or no sale.
Call and examine tho largest and best
selected stock of goods over shown in
Columbia county.
Btore next door to First National Bank
MAIN STREET,
Bloonisburg Pa.
ORPHANS' COURT SALE
OF VALUABLE
Real Estate !
CROWN ACME
THE BEST BURNING OIL THAT CAN
BE MADE FROM PETROLEUM.
It gives a brilliant light.
It will not smoke the cnimneys.
It win not, cuar me wick.
It has a high lire test.
It will not explode.
It is pre-eminently a family safety oil.
WE CHALLENGE COMPARISON
With any other Illuminating oil made.
We Stake Our Reputation,
As refiners, upon the statement that 11 13
THE BEST OIL
IN THE WORLD.
Ask ycur dealer for
BL00MSBURG. FENN'A.,
AGENT FOll THE
KEYSTONE DYNAMITE POWDER CO.
manufactrueis of tho celebrated Krystono Dna
mlt, This explosive Is giving universal satlsfaa
lion Quotations ineeuuuycivi'ii. i Aug in
V. 1IAIITMAH
RlrMSIXTS ini FOLLOWING
AMKM1CAN INSUHANCE COMPANIES
North American of Philadelphia.
Franklin, " "
Pennsylvania, " "
Tork, ot Pennsylvania,
Hanover, of N. V.
Queens, ot London.
North British, ot London,
omce on Market Streot, No, 5, llloomsburg.
oct.st. l-
taskg Fire and Lifo Ins. igenc;,
FSTABL1SIIED 16(13.
m. p. EUTZ
(Successor to Freas Brown)
AGENT AND HHOKElt
COUriHIES BBrllBSIMTIPl
Assets
tnarirelns.co of Hartford,., 9,8S8,&s8.i
Hartford of Hartford 6,hs,60D.U7
Phoenix of Hartford. ,,,, 4,!WJM) 13
Horlngneld of Springfield. g.Otto.oatwj
Fire Association, Philadelphia 0)3,7 J.SD
(luardlan of London - , co,u3,8iin
Phoonlx. of London e.irL5U.4S
Lancashlreof England(U. B. branch) 1,W,1K5 00
Itoyal of England " " ,es8,54.00
Mutual lienent Life Ins. Co. ot New
ark, N.J 41,319,8.33
Losses promptly adjusted and paid at thla omce.
Br virtue of an order of tho' Orphans' Court of
Columbia county, the undersigned administrator
of Joseph It. Patton, late ot Greenwood township,
said county, deceased, will exposo to public sale
on tho premises near ltohrsburg, on
THURSDAY, JANUARY 10, 18S9.
at 10 o'clock a. m., tho follow Ing described real
cstato :
No.l. A certain lot tir pleco ot land situate In
the township of Greenwood, Columbia county,
bounded by lands ot the hell's ot Samuel GUlaapy,
Jacob Gorrard, .'"seph P Dewllt and tho public
road, leading from llohrsburg to Mlllvllle, and
containing
ONE ACRE, MORE or LESS.
No. 2. A certain lot or piece ot land sltuato In
the said towpahlp of -Greenwood, adjoining tho
above mentioned lot and lands of Cyras Paus,
Jacob Oerrard, Jacob Lemon, Joseph P. Dewltt
and the aforesaid public road, containing
x ACRES and 21 PERCHES,
more or less. The said two 1 lcces'.of land, though
purchased separately are used as one tract and so
enclosed, whereon are erected a good lUed
Twe-Story Prams Dwelling Bouse,
new 'ramc barn, wagon shed, and other outbuild
ings. There is a good well ot .water, fruit trees
and Tines.
TEIlMS OF BALK. Tea per cent, of one-rourtn
at tne striking down of the property, the one
fourth less tho ten per ceuu at tuo confirmation of
sale, and the remaining three-fourths In ono year
thereafter, with interest irom conurmauuu m.
0. 1. rAi w.ii
Bakkley, Atty. Administrator,
Dtljll liusnion u
T B. WILLIAM0, AUCTIONEER.
BLOOMSBURG, pa.
Real Estata Bought and Sold.
Partlf desiring to buy lioreea and wngona
vould uo well to can on tuo auove.
it tO 'it.
EXECUTORS' SALE
OK VALUABLE
Real Estate !
There will be exposed to pubUo salo on the
premises in Flahlngcreek township on
WEDNESDAY, January 9th, 1889,
at 10 o'clock a.m. the following described property
owned by tho estate ot John Laubach, deceased!
Beginning at a post along tho publlo road to a
comer, to lands suiveted for Itichard Bright,
thence along said Brlgbt'B survey and adjoining
landa ot Lemons Pealer north M degrees, west
lio perches to a post, thence by lands ot Wbite
nlght Bros, south S3 degrees, west forty-two and
three-tenths perches to a hemlock corner, thenco
by lands of J M Laubach south 89 degrees, east
forty-one and aeren-tenths perches to a cheatnut
oak, thenco by the aame south STtf degrees, east
one hundred and two perches to stone corner,
thence by the same north 61 degrees, east 8T
perches to place ot beginning, containing ti acres
more or less.
TEltMS OP BALK: Ten per cent, of one-fourth
of the purchase money to be paid at the striking
down ot the property 1 tho one-fourth less the ten
per cent, at the confirmation of sale : and the re
maining three-fourth In one year thereafter, with
Interest from confirmation nUL
J, M. 11UCKALEW,
pej j Eiccutor.
INSURANCE AGENCY OF
J. II. MAIZE,
Olllcc 2nd lloor Columbian Huihllng,
HLOOMSHUHG, PA.
LIFE.
Northwestern Masonic Aid Association, mem.
beis41,!43. Paid to beneficiaries H,031,Utj.l7. In
suresnon .Mai.ons.
Trnelers Uio and Accident ot Hartford.
FIRE.
CONTINENTAL of New ork, J5,2H,!I1.M
A51EUICAN of Philadelphia, f.'.IO'.tW.ua
N1A11AH of New ork, U'.M'i,4;,.tl6
LUerpool, London anil Olobo Flro Insurance Co.,
ot London, i he largest In the world, mid the Im
perial of London.
A liberal share of tho business H respectfully
sollel cdandsatlstacllon lsgu rnnteed.
J. II. .MAIZE, Agent.
June 1, ISM, tf.
J.RSMITH&CO.
UANVILXE PA.
Trado for Bloomsburg and vicinity Supplied by
MOYER BROS.,
sepj-ly.
Bloomsbiirg, Pa.
fTTTTC ltnvoLVl'.H". send stamp for nrlco Ust
u w it v
sept:
to JOHNSTON & SON, Pittsburg, Penn.
l-d-4t.
DAY'S
POWDE
HORSE
Prevents Lung Fever t
Cures Distemper, Heaves, Glanders, Loss
of Appctito, Founder, Foyers, &c.
1 lb. in each package. Sold by all dealers.
CuresDysontery,
and Diarrheal.
DR. BULL'S
BABY SYRUP
EellovesGripingandSummerComplaint.
Facilitates Tcctlilng!
Regulates the Ilowcls!
Sold by all druggists. Price 23 cents.
LIMITED.
MILTON,
Dealer in
PIAN
Pa.,
By the following well known makers;
Chickcrin&f,
Knabc,
"Weber,
Hnllet & IJav2s.
Ciin also furnish any of the
cheaper makes at manufacturers
prices. Uo not buy a piano oe
fore getting our prices.
.o.
Catalogue and Price Lists
On application.
septs-sett.
D
RS.J.N.&J.B.HOBENSACK
M.dic.l ind Surgical Olfico,
206 NORTH SECOND ST., PHILADA.
i:STAHl.I8IIKI) 40 YUAl'.S
Fortlilreatniontof Voutlirul Iinpriiilmicc.
liOMiirVlgnr.Nfrvotw lleiilllty and hpccl.il
1)i.hii-. Uin.uUal Urn by mall fret of churgc.
II mil N.itt Vrva
UlH' ixt rrmns A.M. tour M.A from Clot) W
Mayll-p--caly
V. ralan.l Vftll JolkTKah
l"lMBlaa'INVISIBLetoundDlso,
I U LAC J n It. dram, "4 oiln". U diTlc.i .1
TTMyiir tint if " m rommiiu. r.
c. T-a-4t.
HULL'S
ROUGH
SYRUP
Hoarseness
Croup,
Whooping
Couch.
and for tho relict ot
Consumptivo per
sons. For Salo by all
druggists. S3 cents.
"TIIE PEOPLE'S
REMEDY"
For tho euro of
COUGI1B, COLDS,
Asthma,
Incipient
Con
sumption
eun IfK S C'JOCB ClOARCmS for Ca
bmUKL tarrhl Price 10CU. M all dnagUU.
EXCHANGE HOTEL,
57. R. TUBBB, PROPRIETOR
EL00U3BUEO.PA.
OPPOSITKOOnUT nOUBB,
Large and convenient sample rooms. Bath rooms
hot and cold water; and all modern convenleno
TEACHERS' INSTITUTE
(continued rnoM last wkek.)
TUESDAY MOItNINO.
Prof Noelling of the Normal School
next ppoko on langusgo. He Bald, this
lit a reading age; but whether it is a
thinking ago seems to be somewhat
doubtful. Tho objeot of thoso insti
tutes is to givo toaohors something to
think about. Ho gavo tho following
question?:
What is included in knowing a
wordt
Can children learn words fnster than
their experience cnlargest
Can a child's vocabulary be in ad
vance of his knowledget
Can children learn moro rapidly
than their experience increases!
Can ohlldron learn to road faster
than they learn to think!
Is the present mode of teaching
leading right or wrong! In either
caso why!
Should ohildren givo tho thoughts
they obtain from written or printed
language in their own or in the author's
language! And if so, why!
Should the formation of words re
ceive attention in our suhoolts! Why!
If so, how should it be done!
Are there abstract numbers! If so,
what are thoy!
Is there difference between a num
ber and a fioure! If so what is it!
What is the difference between
teaching numbers aud teaohing fig
ures. It is true that at is not what ai teach
er does for tho child but what it does
itself that cduo'ites it!
If this is truo should the teacher ex
plain the solution of a problem for a
pupil or lead nun to discover u ior
himself!
What causes mav bo assigned for a
pupil's inability to solve, a problem!
Should his daily tasks' be adapted to
his ability! If so, how may it be
done?
What should bo tho teacher's aim in
Hiving instruction in Geography!
When should the child obtain tho
materials of which to build in its mind
countries distant from its homef
In what way is sand or any othor
kind of modeling of bent-fit to a
pupil!
Why should U. S. History bo stud
ed in our schools!
What helps aro necessary to teach
History successfully to children!
What to advanced pupils!
What should bo tho teacher's aim in
teaching Hintory to children!
Should the matter bo tho same as
or advanced pupils! If not, in what
I'spects should it differ!
What is tho first power excrbised in
h- study of History!
What other powers arc later called
into action.
In assigning work to a class should
a clasa bo adapted to a lesson or vice
versa. How can either be accomplish
ed! What is the main thiug to be aimed
at in teaching Penmanship!
How many forms of a letter should
be presented to a learner at a time!
What aro tho advantages of copy
books with urinted copies!
Should children's writing all be
practices in Penmanship, or should
they have stated times for exercises,
called penmanship!
In what respeci should writing ma
torial for children differ from that for
advanced pupils!
Why is it that pupils practico pen
manship from the Bixth to tho eigh
teenth year and then cannot writo a
neat, plain hand!
Do our suhools give sufficient atten
tion to pronuuoiaiion! If not why!
How may it bo taught in primary
schools! How in advanced schools!
How in ungraded country schools!
How may articulation bo taught!
How early should children be taught
the use of a dictionary! How may it
be done!
How early should children be taught
how to uso refcrenco books!
Prof. Neff talked next on the sub
ject of primary reading. Tho first
step in teaching a word is the idea.
Show first tho object, and that will get
the pupils to think of it. Remove it
md there will remain tho mental pic
ture. Tho power to think of a mental
picture is infinitely more valuable
than tho power to think on tho object.
Wo should always teach tho word
through tl.o idea. Always koop the
language subordinate to the thought.
m this mailt r of word recognition
put several words on the board. Point
to them rapidly. Then change tho
position of tho words, and afterwards
group them in twos, threes, iivih,
&c.
I don't believe that oral reading in
iltH first ami second readers does any
nooil. It shonld bo stopped when
public sentiment will permit it. He
member aud get along with as little
oral reading ns possibln and have them
give tho thought in their own lan
guage. Prof. Nootling spoko in ptimary
language. Tho first thing of impor
tance in teaching langnago is a com
petent teacher. A competent teacher
is ono who understands how to teach.
It is impossible to tell any one how to
teach language if he has not the talout
within him. .Language worK oan.ue
mado as interesting as any other work
in our schools. Until children oan
wiite, their exorcises bIiouM be oral.
Children should write about things,
thev can observe; such as thoy aro ox
aming or havo examined. They will
then talk about knowledge. Exer
cises of this kiud develop thought and
expression. Language cannot go fast
sr than knowledge; they sh' uld be
developed together. Questions shonld
bo given them on points thoy havo
not brought out.
The pupils in our public souoois
havo too many vagtio ideas, beoauao
they havo not examined objects
enough. We want more sonse know
ledge. Alter pupils have clear ideas,
then tne ouiects aro not
If
out
tho
crowing school term, in regulating tho
text, books. and in regulating n courao
of Btudy.
Thoro is a fear of'tho'peoplo becom
ing too enthusiastic over industrial
eduoation. There may bo an effort to
woigh down tho common eoliools' with
a system that will injare their wofk.
Our colleges havo given way to a pop
ular demand and the theoretical has
given place too mitoh to tho practical
Wo want a thorough ground work of a
good broad, onglish education. I
don't bcliovo tho common school can
givo moro than a good start in this di
rection. Thoro aro many mattors in
connection with . these things that
should receive tho careful attention of
all directors.
Dr. Hlgbeo. Thero is nothing bo
influential on a commonwealth as a
irnnil bnmn It. U imnnssiblo to oarrv
on at homo a Byatcmatio order of cm
lure, tho father and mother being both
too basv. This culture must bo carri
ed on by tho common schools. Tho
logislaturo has wisely fastened the
school to tho homo. In a well regu
lated homo you havo your yard, barn,
shade trees, yon havo your ince, you
have all these and what for! Certain
lv for the household to weavo into
their nature n power that will influenco
their wholo constitution. Tho sur
roundings at school should bo tho same
as at home. Our school homes should
bo in harmony with our household
homes. I plead for you to make the
contrasts between your schools and
homes less broad. The Dr. concluded
with an eloquvnt exhortation to tho
teacher to cultivate tho spirit of the
Great Teacher to influenco and guide
t.hpm in all their work.
Dr. Cors. of Kingston, was tho next
sneaker. Ho brought tho fraternal
feeling of a neighboring county,
tho common schools were wiped
this would mark the downfall of
best institution in tho state. Suppose
wo havo a largo town and plenty of
means to carry on sohools, but no
schools and a set of direotors begin to
start a system. Tho first thing that
i n o led" is a good houo. The next
thing is pure air. Foul air more than
cold air breeds disease. With best of
care a school room will breed and
soattcr disoaso. Tho best way of ven
tilating a room is by introducing fresh
warm air. Tho best way to l'ght a
building is from tho left side. Wo
shonld study, before building, estab
lished principles. A largo amount of
npparatis is not necessary in a school
room.
Schools should be properly graded.
This grading should be based upon
our ideas of what is best adapted to
bring out our ideas of manhood.
The course of study should bo based
upon tho ago of a child. As soon as
he is old enough to take up a study ho
should bo taken right through it. The
studies should he adapted to tho de-(
vfilnnment of the faculties that aro
mostaotivo nt anv particular period,
Prof. Neff said, thero aro thren
things you must use t- get a thought,
tho imagination, the understanding,
tho feelings. We all havo these pow
prs.ihut tho nower to realize a truth is
a power thaLoxiststto.a limited extent
In the interpretations ; literature you
must bring it'dowu to your own condi
tion.
WEDNESDAY ,MORNIKO.
Devotional exercises were conducted
bv Prof; .Nootling of' Normal Bohool.
Sunt. Monroe spoko on literature
Many books aro boiug' written all tho
time. Tho question comes to us, what
shall tbo boys and girls of our laud
read! Literature may bo taught to
sonirt extent in all grades. Tho value
of literature isithat it gives mental dis
cipline, opens up tho minds of the
pupils and instils in them a high idea
at human lue. mere must uo a cnangt
in the methods of toaching- literature
heretofore we have taught mora the
history of literature than literature
itself. A supernoiai Knowiougo 01 mo
wholo realm of a text-book is not as
valuable as ono or two master pieces of
an author. We should begin with some
thing simple, and come down to those
authors whoso writings aro more compli
cated. We should not commence the
study of literature by studying the
dates of an author's birth and death,
and by tho study of his life, but these
things come after the pupils havo
studied many of the author's writings.
We should havo our pupils write out
descriptions of tho pictures depicted in
tho uoems thev btudy. Thoy should
verify the characters described. Peri
odicals mav bo introduced ns aids to
the study of literature, besides they aro
valuable as supplementary reading.
Observing notliors' birthdays is a valu
able exercise in creating a spirit for
literature. There is a groat value in
what wo call memory gems. Always
be oareful that theso goms appeal to
tho understanding of the pupil. Litera
turo is taught loo much as mt-rediagrani-ing
and panting without giving tho
boautiful thoughts of tho authoi
Mr. Sterner of Afton epo'io next on
"Mistakes of Teaching." Tho most
impoitant question that can bo asked
is how to livo a complete life. The
answer to this implies correct morals.
For tho Publio schools aro to a great
extent responsible. leauuers should
seek for tho best methods. Should
have a correct idea of tho aims of
education. Should understand the
principle that underlies education.
Tho efforts to develop the pupil must
bo in accordance with theso principles.
Wo can't adapt tho pupil to tho work
but tho work must be adapted to the
pupil's stage of development. Teach
ers make a great mittako when they
permit pupils to omit studies, adapted
to the development of the mind, thougl
thoy may not Beora to bo so practical
others, just because their parents do
not want thera to study these branches.
Teaohers make a iniHako when thoy
lay down a great many rules on the
first m ruing, his laws being challenges
to tho pupils, his general law should
bo, "Do lMght. ' Many mistakes aro
tbo results ot ignorance, others ol
tho
for.
said
this Bcionco has advancod. In regard
to the Gnlf stream, it does not enter tho
Gulf of Mexico. Tho water in the Gulf
acts as a cushion and turns it aside.
The flooding of Sahara desert cannot
affoot tho climate of Lurope, as tho
area that can bo flooded is very small.
What isotherms aro and why thoy uro
drawn where they aro then ex
plained.
1'rof d. It. llarkins, J'nn. ot
IMoomsburg sohools was called
Subiect Civil Government. Ho
that it embodied what our illustrious
forefathers conceived, and those who
formulated our munificent and wise
constitution. Ho showed in a terso
manner tho necessity of teaching it in
all our schools, especially in tho rural
districts hero and thoro blazing a truth
positively indicating thereby tho inv
portanon of a freo and puro. ballot.
I'rot. irry, on JNortu America, it is
impossible to study tho lifo of a conti
nent without studying its position on
tho globe. Tho Btudy of Geography
should bo begun wilh'hills and valleys
and brooks. Wo cannot study a con
tinent bv itself, because it does not
contain the relatives that make the life
of it. Wo must go from the percept
ion to tho imagination in tho study of
Geography. Tho I'rolessor then demon
strated these lawB by numerous illus
trations on tho board. Wo should in
our instruction in tho country sohools
uo from tho im media to vicinity to tho
globe, and thon go back and synthesiso
conolously. In studying the conti
nent we Bhould taku first those features
that influence life, such as mountain
systems, heights of land, which deter
mine the distribution of rain and
the fertility of soil. In going from
structure-to coaet lino wo shall take up
tho winds and teaoh their effects upon
tho continent. Wo next tako up the
lifo of tho continent. Next wo take
tho animal life, show how physical
features modify both vegetable and
animal life. Minerals may bo studied
when we study the structure.
l'rol. JSoetling resumed the discussion
of Language Tho an'wer given to
knowing a word was as lollows : It is
understanding tho idea tho word con
veys. Knowing a word by a primary
pupil in something different from tho
knowledgo a High bohool pupil may
havo of it. Knowing a word by a high
school pupil saems to bo to know how
to use it discritninately. Uan a pupil
earn a word faster than its experience?
It seems to be the opinions of tho teach
ers that it cannot. Can a child's
vocabulary bo in advance of his know
ledge ! It seems that it cannot. Can
child learn to read laster than his
experience ! Answer. No.
Does the same hold in high schools
in regard to original knowledge ! ThiH
was left for the teachers to think out
for themselves.
Is not much of tho mechanical read
ing found in our schools duo to the
tact that wo try to teach elocution be
fore they get tho thoughts in the books!
It is the opinion of the teachers that it
is. It tho pupils read tho thoughts on
a printed pago and then give it in their
own language it is an oxceiieni
languago lesson.
r rof. Fry continued the discussion
of Geography. Does not moulding in
sand givo lifeless forms to tho pupi1
that deponds on the teacher, tie must
associate with it tho roal mountains
and rivers of naturo and thus croato
lifo and reality in tho work. Are the
forms not exaggerated in those model
ings. All maps of a continent aro
made on a double scale. If wo would
try to represent tho highest mountains
on North Amtrica, on a map the size
of the Opera House floor it would bo
two-fifths of an inch. On smaller maps
same proportion exists. In order to
make them perceptible on small maps
.which tako in wido extension!', they
must bo drawn on a double scale. In
drawing wo simplv look at the form.
Map drawing is outlining. Does not,
approve of tho tracing maps. Draw
the outlines hrst as a oasis, men tne
highlands, then form the coast lines.
a lovo for history bo that our pupils
may go on and educate thenMolvcs as
long ns thoy live. In preparing tho
bsson wo should allow no committing
to momory tho languago of tho text
book. Tho pupils should yet the idea
first and then bo ablo to express their
thoughts in tlclf own language. Wo
want good textbooks, RtiJ uso supple
ment try rending. Tho aim is to cnablo
our pupils to think for themselves.
Dr. Waller of tho Normal School,
Bpoko on Industrial education. Pub-
lio sentiment is In lavor 01 inuusirmi
education and it is a thing that is
bound to oomo. Motey has been act
apart by persons lu tho different part
ot states to carry on this work in
connection wilh public sohods. And
it has been done with most gtati
fylng results. There are two
phases of tl Is subjiot. Tho ono is
that tho school shall exist for tho ob
ject of manual training. Iho other
rohool maintains mat inuusirmi eu
ucatioti shall exist and shall bo main
tained for the sake of tho school.
Tho duestlon amies what aro tho
ends of tho systomt and how aro thoy
to bo reached! Thero is a tondenoy
in eduoation to deol with woids. Tho
child does not have clear ideas. In
industrial education tho poy must
think exactly. It requires of him a
measuro of exactness. Auothcr ad
vantage dovelops tho ehilds mind. It
develops attention by observing ob
jcots in the work shop bjttcr than in
branobes as commonly taugut. it. de
velops also porsevorance.
It increases respect for-tho teacher
if tho teacher bo the instructor in tho
manual training. It shows in tho
teacher an aptitudo in mattors which
will command tho respect ol tne pupn.
Latent talent is often evoked in this
way. Children will be able to mako
their apparatus. It creates respect
for manual labor. A proper regard
for tho dignity of labor.
How is this to bo introduced. Wo
must begin in lower grades. Must de
velop in pupils tho use of the hands
and of the eyes. Must begin by
teaching drawing as this is funda
mental.
Both f exes aro to bo trained alike m
all deparatnents. The tools used in
tho manipulation of wood aro thoso
used only widely, such as saw, hammer,
piano etc. How aro theso tint gs la bo
brought about, now aro wo to piovmo
the inuanB. How are experts to be
obtained. When it was required about
twenty years ago to teach music, teach
ers soon became prepared for tho new
order of things, and bo they will m re
gard to this matter of industrial educa
tion. When the subject is tnirly start
ed the moans will readily bo found.
GET YOUR JOB PRINTING
DONE AT TIIE
COLUMBIAN OFFICE
aro not necessary.
nil I.....!..' .t.l ..In.... I IUO
'.. V":. "J "J: 1 ". J 1 '"'."I1 't: laziness and carelessness. Every leach
ri'. -VT"". "i r. - ' Jr er who wishes to succeed, should bo
pictures. Tho material is plenty. It
s all around us. Tho rooks, thi trees,
tho river, the atmosphere above us aro
all full of interest. Our histories are
full of materi il. Don't look to New
York, Boston or Philadelphia for ma
terial when it is all around you.
CHEAP FARMS AND HOMES
Prices low. Sioi to si u i healibycUmtt.
Ane Bolli clow) to cltlei by water or railroad; 8al
water luxuries abundant, bend stamp for pilot
list; map 11W. MKLY1N 6 MANC11A, AnnapolL8
Md.' DeotM-p
APTKHNOON SESSION.
Mr. J. O. Brown of Bloomsburg was
the first spoakcr on tho part of the di
rectors iu tho county. Ho spoko of
willing to undergo tbo labor involved
in thorough preparation of his work.
Prof. Neff of Cambridgo, Mass., dis
cussed the subject of Geography. You
havo all noticed in your beautiful state
wide gaps, in tho region where theso
prevail tho mountains havo a peculiar
Btructuro. Tho Professor thon drew a
diagram on tho board, showing tho
pupils how these arn formed. In th
matter of riu fall, science lias been
making rapid strides. Tho Professor
THURSDAY MORNING
Devotional exercises couduotcd by
Dr. Waller.
Prof. Copo of Normal School gave a
very interesting talk on Aritnmetio,
To iho question, "How would yon
nhingle a roof by tho statement method,"
ho aigued that tho method applies and
really shortens tho operation.
To the question, "llow does your
method apply to finding the four widths
of a building!' Ho claimed that tho
method applies admiiably and is not
so liable to be performed mechanically
as by tho old method.
In regard to aotual measurments,
give original problems to tho pupil, let
them find bv actual mea-mreraent the
area of school yard, how much carpet
will bo required to cover the llooi, etc.
In regain to mental arunmeitc, no
said he believed in it, but did uot bo
lieve there was any necessity of having
a separate recitation devoted entirely
to mental arithmetic, but should bo
taught in connection with written. Tho
statement takes tbo place of tho old
rule and leads tho pupil to reason. It
not always necessary to mako tho
statement, lu tractions wo do not need
to take the time.
Prof. Fry resumed tho discussioti of
Geography. He took up and discussed
fow general pri cipies. ine nrst,
teach ideas before sizes. He showed
how important this principle is in tho
study of all branches. It 6hould also
bo caretuliy ivoognized in tenoning
Gfographv. The lulls and mountains
nnii rlvi.ru. nvprvthinfr should bo clearlv
seen through tho moulding in tho sand.
T rr . ! li .1 l.
in History, in mi puium mey ouuum
have before thoir minds clci.r pictuies
of tho facts thoy aro studying. In
studying tho great canons ot Colo
rado ho must bo led to imagine il
through what plaoi s, aro cut tbrough
. fr i . i nr.. .......
uv ram. uo uus seen nu.u. u muni.
givo children ideas tnrougu material
forms. They read continents through
signs, these signs aro what thoy nave
observed ot nature, wo sco wim wnai
wo havo seen, wo build with tho ma
terial in tho mind, wo go from tho
known to tho unknown, we loaru to do
bv doing, wo learn to imagino by ira
ngining. Whsn u pupil stands by a
brook and bcos a email delta form, wo
should lead out his imagination until
he can see a great stretch of water
running by and forming a delta liko
that ot tho Mississippi or Ganges. Wo
must doyelop tho power of imagining
whilo they aro observing.
Mr. Shannon, of Montaudon, spoko
on History, luo aim In teaching bis
torv is to create an everlasting renti
APTERNOON SESSION.
Prof. Fry said ho would take up a few
questions iu science. Is the earth
liquid or solid in the interiot! Thero
aro facts, viz. pressure of rock material,
tho conductivity of the denser rock, Iho
distances continually increasing in
which wo go to increase the temper
ature one degreo whioh modify the old
theory. The theory now is that the
earth is solid to the very core.
"Where do tho great lakes get their
water.'' Tho amount of rainfall fall
ing on tbo great lakes is equal to that
going over Niagara Falls. Tho waler
oomiug trom the draiuagt of surround,
ing country supplies loss caused by
evaporation.
How can tho sunshine into our north
window! When vertical rays of tho
sun aro at the Tropic of cauoer, tho
suu is north of any point on earth ex
cept tho north pole.
We Bhould not perform an experi
ment to support a theory, but to show
tho real facts of natuic. Wo should
doubt everything that is buried in
mystery.
Miss Hannah Urceco said: by educa
tion wo in-nn a br adening tho views
of lifo. Tho faculties, must bo do-
veloped: They must be reached.
I ho latent powers must ue arouseu.
When this power is arourcd, a person
finds interest and food for thought
from all objects around. A person
who has trained himself only in some
specialty cannot be said to be liberally
educated. All our faculties should bo
perfectly develop-d to mako good and
useful citizens. Otir Public Sur-o ls
aro preparatory dopatttneuts to tit, our
pupils lor the duties ot 1110. wo
should be eager to train them in self
control, self respect, and due rogards
for tho lights ol others. Habits ot
industry aud punctuality should bo inculcated.
Prof. Heffncr, of Ccntralia, 6poko
on Publio School libraries. Wo have
been teaching too much moro book
knowledgo and not real ideas. Yet
wo get many ot the ideas and
thoughts wo remember best from
books by our own titoit. wo snonid
give the school children pleuty of
books. Wo should givo them a
chance. Many of our pupils would be
come great men if they had a uhanco
to read. Tho boy who leaves school
with a taste for reading is better fitted
for duties of lifo than the boy that
pa?scs through college without a taeto
tor reading, lie then gavo a viry m
geuious scheme for .securing publio
school lihraiiui.
Prof. Fiy said ho wanted to talk of
History awhile. It is characteristic of
tho human mind to admire and lovo
that with which wo aro familiar. It is
tine with objecls, poems, and with
peoilo. This ohm acter stiii slioull bo
carried on in tho study of History. If
wo mako our pupils familiar with tho
history of other cuntries wo ki ep ( ur
childieu from hi coming nairow mind
ed. Including history wo should begiu
with lowest typo of boing. To mako
children broad minded wo should not
teach facts about wais and kings, but
the social lifo of tho people through
thH ages. HUtory is duided into nar
rative and philosoplical. With tho
latter children have nothing to do.
Wo can't carry them into that. In tho
narrative wo may take tho battles or
socinl lite ot tho people.
Tho best plan is m commencing
willi the past and coining down to tho
present. Bv describing tho people of
different ages wo will make it inter
esting to pupils, lu American His
tory tho most important things to
study aro tho social condition of tho
people of tbo past and tho difterenco
between their condition and cure. In
tho teaohing facts connected with tho
breaking away irom hncland they
should bo centered about Washington.
In stndying our finances they should
bo centered about Hamilton. Iu
this way they can bo mado more inter
esting. W e Bhonld teach the history
of tho constitution. Wo should toach
current History.
continued on 2d paoe!
tho power the directors havo iu in-1 then showed how and In what rospecta meut in the favor of history, To create
The Indianapolis Journal (General
Harrison's organ) has prepared a tabu
lated statement of the popular voto
oast on November Gth 1888. Tho total
voto as therein given is Harrison 5,-lUO,
G07 aud Cleveland 5,538,0 15-being a
popular plurality for Cleveland of 107,
438. Tho total voto for Fisk, Prohibi
llonist, wriB 257, 243, agaitiht 151,710
four years ago, or n gain rf over 100,
000. Strcetcr, hbor candidate, receive 1
I M, 023, whilo four years ugo Butler
recieed 174,870, which would be a
lofsofover 00,000.