PROFESSIONAL CARDS, l. Fiurz A ATTORNEY. AT.L AW, Onicu Front Room, Over 1'ontoflloo. ULOOM811UUO, PA. jTl. MAIZE " " ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, Office. Hoom No. if, Columbian building. ULUOMSllUltO, 1A. Jan. Wtn 1088, tf. to- U.FUNK, " ATTORNli' 1T-AT-LAW. & miXSIUIENBEIl, "" BLOOMSBURG, PA., FRIDAY, DECEMBER 28, 18B8. THE COLUMBIAN, VOL. XXII.N0 61 COLUMBIA DKMOCRAT, VOL LI 1 , 10 SS oflicoln Knt'a Building. BLoonaioRo, rx J OIIN SI. CLAHK, ATTOHNKY-AT-LAW AND JUSTICE OF THE PEACE. BIO0H8BVR0, Pi Office over Moyer Bros. Drug Btore. c. W.MILLER, ATTORNKY-AT-LAW, Offlceln Brower'sbulldlng,socondfloor,room Mo.l Bloomaburg, Pa, O FRANK ZAKB, ATTOHNKY-AT-LAW. BlooniBburg, Pa. onico corner ot Centre and Main 8 tracts. Clark Building. Can bo consulted In German, QEO. E. ELWELli ' ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, liLooMsnuno, Pa. Ofllce od second lloor, third room ot Col csiniAN Uulldliijj, Sluln struct, below Ex change Hotel. pAUL E. AVIUT, Attornoy-at-Law. fflco In Colcmbun Buildino, Third Ooor. DLOOMSBUKG, PA. H. V. WHITE, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW, BLuOMSBURO.PA. Office la owers' Building, 2nd;floor. may 1-tf B KNOBII. I" B. WIHTKUTIIH. KNOBB & WINTEBSTEEN, Attornoys-at-La-w. Offlco In 1st National Bank Building, aeoond floor, nrst door to the left. Corner ot Main and Market Btroeta Bloomrt urg, Pa. UfJ'emtone and liounlitt Collected. P. BILLMEYEH, (DIS2'JiICT ATTORNEY.) ATTORNEY-AT-LAW. iTOnico over llloomsburg, Pa. Dcntler's shoo store, rnpr-30.80. y. H. BUAWN. ATTOHNKY-AT-LAW. Catawlaaa, Fa. moe.oorner ol Third and MalnBtreeUi tyjlCHAEL F. EYEltLY, Convoyancor, Collector of Claims. AND LKCIAL ADVICE IN THE SETTLEMENT OF ESTATES. C. nronice In Dcntler's building with F. P. Bill meyer, auorney-ai-iaw, llloomsburg, Pa. front rooms, Snd floor (spr-v-so. D It. UONOllAA. BOBBINS. Offlco and residence, West First street. Blooms- burg, I'a. B. McKELVY, M. D.,SurReon and Phy . Btclan, north tide Main stroet.bolow Martti D1 . J. O. BUTTER, PHYSICIAN ftSURUEON, omce, North Market street, Dloomsbnrir, r Dn. wm. Physician, treet. M. BEBEB Burgeon and Offlce corner of Hock and Market ESTABLISHED 1870. J J. BROWN. PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. Office and residence on Third street near Metho dist church. Diseases of the eye a specialty. jQU. J. It. EVANS. Treatment of Chronic Diseases made a SPECIALTY. Oflici, Third Street, ijLooMsiwno Pa , HESS, D. D.S., Having opened t ivr j 'Aa'duato of the Philadelphia Dental College, lavlntf openeu a ueium LOOKARD'S BUILDING, corner of Main and centre streets, BLOOJISBURG, PA., s prepared to receive all patlcnta reeling pro Baf.a' f "'fun moAL ANAESTHETICS admtnls. ered f or'the painless extraction .01 Iteet h free OiCuarEO wiicu ivuvi - -ALL WOltlC OUAItANTfiED AS REPRESENTED. OCtS6-ly. cvr a. BOUSE, " DENTIST, Bl OOJlHBUIiO, Colvmbia Coi'MV, Pa .llstyloBotworkdoneau free ot CP . gewhenarttnclatteeth reinserted. ..... , ....... i. i...n.iinf Main street. Ainrin-t. t vh doors below Klciras IJUlurv .,......, .. . - .Imi, alnrp. tlrst lloor. 1o be oven at all hburt during the da ;not18-Ut w AINWRIGHT &JO WHOLESALE GROCERS, PllILADKLPIIIA, PA. 'j K AS, SYRUPS, COFFEE, SUGAR, M0LA6SES oih 'ma 'vaos huvow 'eaoi.is 'sow N. K. Corner Second and Arch Sta. r-ordere will receive prompt attentcoi B. HAVE YOU BEEN DISAPPOINTED buyiDg tho ordinary ready made Clothing, that either wears badly, loses its color, and has no stylo t or DO OU OBJECT paying excessively high prices lor madc-to-ordcr Clothing, and want its equal ready made t OUR LONDON READYrMADE CLOTHING Will suit you exactly. It is 1'crfecl in every particular. SPECIALTIES i Full Suits, $13,50 and upwards. Thompson's Pnlcnt-Cut Trousers $3 5 and upwards. KngliBh Beaver Overcoats, $12. and upwards. "Our Famous" Capo Coats and Ulsters, 512.00 and upwards. E. 0. THOMPSON, 1338 CHESTNUT STREET (Opposite tho Mint) Philadelphia. N. B. Our Fashion Catalogue mulled to any address, free of chaige. ORPHANS' COURT SALE OF VALUAI1LE Real jE si site ! ECONOMY, as wise folks say, Is wealth pronounced another way, So while "hard times" the people cry, The Toilet Soaps they should not buy. Let all who buy such Soaps take caio To weigli the cake exact and fair, And find they pay in figures round A dollar, more or less per pound. A GOOD SUGGESTION. What course should people then pursue? In short, the only thing to do, Though rich in bonds, or worldly poor, The " IvokvSoap" they should procure, Which may be bought from coast tocoast, At sixteen cents per pound at most, And does more satisfaction grant Than all the Toilet Soaps extant. A WORD OF WARNING. There are many white soaps, each represented to bo " just as good as the 'Ivory')" they ARE NOT, but like all counterfeits, lack the peculiar and remarkable qualities of the genuine. Ask for "Ivory" Soap and Insist upon getting it. Copyright lhvi. by Procter (iambic. H00 it satisfies every time, TRY ONE NOW. By virtue ot an order of the Orphans' Court of Columbia county the undersigned executor of Isaac Bower late of Brlarcreek township, deceased, will expose to public sale on the premises In Briar creek township, Columbia county, on SATURDAY, JANUARY fl, 1889. at 10 o'clock a. m., tho following described two tracts of land sltuato In Brlarcreek township aforesaid, the one being bounded and described aa follows : Beginning at - stone In line of land form erly James Adams', thenco north 10 degrees, west 81 and two-tenths perches to stone, north S3 de grees, east 13 and seven tenths perches to stone, thence north 10 degrees, west CI and one-tenth perches to stone, north 4J' degrees, east's and four-tenths perches to stono. south 10 degrees, east. 151 ani three-tenths perches to stone, south Mtf degrees, west 108 and three-tenths perches to stone, thoplaceof beginning, containing SIXTY-NINE ACRES and twenty-two perches of land, about all Improved, with FRAME DWELLING, BARN and outbuildings. Tbo other pleco ot land In same township, adjoins the above and Is used with same as one farm, bounded and described as follows to-wlt: Beginning at a stone In lino of N. Stout, thence north 66 degrees, cast 93 perches to pine, thence by land now or formerly Jacob Sltlcr north lOtf degree, west 37 perches to a thenco south 50 degrees, west 93 perches to a pine knot, thenco by the first described, south 10 degrees, east 37 perches to place ot beginning, containing TWENTY ACRES of LAND. TEltMS OF SALE. Ten per cent of one- fourth at the striking dow of tho property, tho one-fourth less tho ten per cent at tho confir mation of sale, and the remaining three-fourths In one car thereafter, with Interest from conflr matlon nisi. ISAIAn BOWER. Jackson, Atty. Executor, Dec H Berwick ra. 28 Cta. B for t.OO. Sold .Terrwhera, or miuea lur pnoe. QUICKEST REMEDY KNOWN Fur bukMhe, ind all radden, ah&rp, or lonfT-sUnding p&ing or weaknesses of erery kind. Virtues of fresh hops, hemlock and pine balsam combined. It Is wonderfully SOOTHING, PAW'KILLING, CURATIVE and STRENGTHENING. 1laStEK MY BACK! Loot Jot tignature c the proprietor!, HOP PLASTER Co., out for one of thou HOV Boston, on the genuine, goods. CLOTHING! CLOTHING I G. OT. EERTSCHi THE MERCHANT TAILOR. Gonts9 Furnishing GoodSjBais & Caps OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Suits rnado to order at short notice and afitalwavs cuaranteed or no sale. Call and examine tho largest and best selected stock of goods over shown in Columbia county. Btore next door to First National Bank MAIN STREET, Bloonisburg Pa. ORPHANS' COURT SALE OF VALUABLE Real Estate ! CROWN ACME THE BEST BURNING OIL THAT CAN BE MADE FROM PETROLEUM. It gives a brilliant light. It will not smoke the cnimneys. It win not, cuar me wick. It has a high lire test. It will not explode. It is pre-eminently a family safety oil. WE CHALLENGE COMPARISON With any other Illuminating oil made. We Stake Our Reputation, As refiners, upon the statement that 11 13 THE BEST OIL IN THE WORLD. Ask ycur dealer for BL00MSBURG. FENN'A., AGENT FOll THE KEYSTONE DYNAMITE POWDER CO. manufactrueis of tho celebrated Krystono Dna mlt, This explosive Is giving universal satlsfaa lion Quotations ineeuuuycivi'ii. i Aug in V. 1IAIITMAH RlrMSIXTS ini FOLLOWING AMKM1CAN INSUHANCE COMPANIES North American of Philadelphia. Franklin, " " Pennsylvania, " " Tork, ot Pennsylvania, Hanover, of N. V. Queens, ot London. North British, ot London, omce on Market Streot, No, 5, llloomsburg. oct.st. l- taskg Fire and Lifo Ins. igenc;, FSTABL1SIIED 16(13. m. p. EUTZ (Successor to Freas Brown) AGENT AND HHOKElt COUriHIES BBrllBSIMTIPl Assets tnarirelns.co of Hartford,., 9,8S8,&s8.i Hartford of Hartford 6,hs,60D.U7 Phoenix of Hartford. ,,,, 4,!WJM) 13 Horlngneld of Springfield. g.Otto.oatwj Fire Association, Philadelphia 0)3,7 J.SD (luardlan of London - , co,u3,8iin Phoonlx. of London e.irL5U.4S Lancashlreof England(U. B. branch) 1,W,1K5 00 Itoyal of England " " ,es8,54.00 Mutual lienent Life Ins. Co. ot New ark, N.J 41,319,8.33 Losses promptly adjusted and paid at thla omce. Br virtue of an order of tho' Orphans' Court of Columbia county, the undersigned administrator of Joseph It. Patton, late ot Greenwood township, said county, deceased, will exposo to public sale on tho premises near ltohrsburg, on THURSDAY, JANUARY 10, 18S9. at 10 o'clock a. m., tho follow Ing described real cstato : No.l. A certain lot tir pleco ot land situate In the township of Greenwood, Columbia county, bounded by lands ot the hell's ot Samuel GUlaapy, Jacob Gorrard, .'"seph P Dewllt and tho public road, leading from llohrsburg to Mlllvllle, and containing ONE ACRE, MORE or LESS. No. 2. A certain lot or piece ot land sltuato In the said towpahlp of -Greenwood, adjoining tho above mentioned lot and lands of Cyras Paus, Jacob Oerrard, Jacob Lemon, Joseph P. Dewltt and the aforesaid public road, containing x ACRES and 21 PERCHES, more or less. The said two 1 lcces'.of land, though purchased separately are used as one tract and so enclosed, whereon are erected a good lUed Twe-Story Prams Dwelling Bouse, new 'ramc barn, wagon shed, and other outbuild ings. There is a good well ot .water, fruit trees and Tines. TEIlMS OF BALK. Tea per cent, of one-rourtn at tne striking down of the property, the one fourth less tho ten per ceuu at tuo confirmation of sale, and the remaining three-fourths In ono year thereafter, with interest irom conurmauuu m. 0. 1. rAi w.ii Bakkley, Atty. Administrator, Dtljll liusnion u T B. WILLIAM0, AUCTIONEER. BLOOMSBURG, pa. Real Estata Bought and Sold. Partlf desiring to buy lioreea and wngona vould uo well to can on tuo auove. it tO 'it. EXECUTORS' SALE OK VALUABLE Real Estate ! There will be exposed to pubUo salo on the premises in Flahlngcreek township on WEDNESDAY, January 9th, 1889, at 10 o'clock a.m. the following described property owned by tho estate ot John Laubach, deceased! Beginning at a post along tho publlo road to a comer, to lands suiveted for Itichard Bright, thence along said Brlgbt'B survey and adjoining landa ot Lemons Pealer north M degrees, west lio perches to a post, thence by lands ot Wbite nlght Bros, south S3 degrees, west forty-two and three-tenths perches to a hemlock corner, thenco by lands of J M Laubach south 89 degrees, east forty-one and aeren-tenths perches to a cheatnut oak, thenco by the aame south STtf degrees, east one hundred and two perches to stone corner, thence by the same north 61 degrees, east 8T perches to place ot beginning, containing ti acres more or less. TEltMS OP BALK: Ten per cent, of one-fourth of the purchase money to be paid at the striking down ot the property 1 tho one-fourth less the ten per cent, at the confirmation of sale : and the re maining three-fourth In one year thereafter, with Interest from confirmation nUL J, M. 11UCKALEW, pej j Eiccutor. INSURANCE AGENCY OF J. II. MAIZE, Olllcc 2nd lloor Columbian Huihllng, HLOOMSHUHG, PA. LIFE. Northwestern Masonic Aid Association, mem. beis41,!43. Paid to beneficiaries H,031,Utj.l7. In suresnon .Mai.ons. Trnelers Uio and Accident ot Hartford. FIRE. CONTINENTAL of New ork, J5,2H,!I1.M A51EUICAN of Philadelphia, f.'.IO'.tW.ua N1A11AH of New ork, U'.M'i,4;,.tl6 LUerpool, London anil Olobo Flro Insurance Co., ot London, i he largest In the world, mid the Im perial of London. A liberal share of tho business H respectfully sollel cdandsatlstacllon lsgu rnnteed. J. II. .MAIZE, Agent. June 1, ISM, tf. J.RSMITH&CO. UANVILXE PA. Trado for Bloomsburg and vicinity Supplied by MOYER BROS., sepj-ly. Bloomsbiirg, Pa. fTTTTC ltnvoLVl'.H". send stamp for nrlco Ust u w it v sept: to JOHNSTON & SON, Pittsburg, Penn. l-d-4t. DAY'S POWDE HORSE Prevents Lung Fever t Cures Distemper, Heaves, Glanders, Loss of Appctito, Founder, Foyers, &c. 1 lb. in each package. Sold by all dealers. CuresDysontery, and Diarrheal. DR. BULL'S BABY SYRUP EellovesGripingandSummerComplaint. Facilitates Tcctlilng! Regulates the Ilowcls! Sold by all druggists. Price 23 cents. LIMITED. MILTON, Dealer in PIAN Pa., By the following well known makers; Chickcrin&f, Knabc, "Weber, Hnllet & IJav2s. Ciin also furnish any of the cheaper makes at manufacturers prices. Uo not buy a piano oe fore getting our prices. .o. Catalogue and Price Lists On application. septs-sett. D RS.J.N.&J.B.HOBENSACK M.dic.l ind Surgical Olfico, 206 NORTH SECOND ST., PHILADA. i:STAHl.I8IIKI) 40 YUAl'.S Fortlilreatniontof Voutlirul Iinpriiilmicc. liOMiirVlgnr.Nfrvotw lleiilllty and hpccl.il 1)i.hii-. Uin.uUal Urn by mall fret of churgc. II mil N.itt Vrva UlH' ixt rrmns A.M. tour M.A from Clot) W Mayll-p--caly V. ralan.l Vftll JolkTKah l"lMBlaa'INVISIBLetoundDlso, I U LAC J n It. dram, "4 oiln". U diTlc.i .1 TTMyiir tint if " m rommiiu. r. c. T-a-4t. HULL'S ROUGH SYRUP Hoarseness Croup, Whooping Couch. and for tho relict ot Consumptivo per sons. For Salo by all druggists. S3 cents. "TIIE PEOPLE'S REMEDY" For tho euro of COUGI1B, COLDS, Asthma, Incipient Con sumption eun IfK S C'JOCB ClOARCmS for Ca bmUKL tarrhl Price 10CU. M all dnagUU. EXCHANGE HOTEL, 57. R. TUBBB, PROPRIETOR EL00U3BUEO.PA. OPPOSITKOOnUT nOUBB, Large and convenient sample rooms. Bath rooms hot and cold water; and all modern convenleno TEACHERS' INSTITUTE (continued rnoM last wkek.) TUESDAY MOItNINO. Prof Noelling of the Normal School next ppoko on langusgo. He Bald, this lit a reading age; but whether it is a thinking ago seems to be somewhat doubtful. Tho objeot of thoso insti tutes is to givo toaohors something to think about. Ho gavo tho following question?: What is included in knowing a wordt Can children learn words fnster than their experience cnlargest Can a child's vocabulary be in ad vance of his knowledget Can children learn moro rapidly than their experience increases! Can ohlldron learn to road faster than they learn to think! Is the present mode of teaching leading right or wrong! In either caso why! Should ohildren givo tho thoughts they obtain from written or printed language in their own or in the author's language! And if so, why! Should the formation of words re ceive attention in our suhoolts! Why! If so, how should it be done! Are there abstract numbers! If so, what are thoy! Is there difference between a num ber and a fioure! If so what is it! What is the difference between teaching numbers aud teaohing fig ures. It is true that at is not what ai teach er does for tho child but what it does itself that cduo'ites it! If this is truo should the teacher ex plain the solution of a problem for a pupil or lead nun to discover u ior himself! What causes mav bo assigned for a pupil's inability to solve, a problem! Should his daily tasks' be adapted to his ability! If so, how may it be done? What should bo tho teacher's aim in Hiving instruction in Geography! When should the child obtain tho materials of which to build in its mind countries distant from its homef In what way is sand or any othor kind of modeling of bent-fit to a pupil! Why should U. S. History bo stud ed in our schools! What helps aro necessary to teach History successfully to children! What to advanced pupils! What should bo tho teacher's aim in teaching Hintory to children! Should the matter bo tho same as or advanced pupils! If not, in what I'spects should it differ! What is tho first power excrbised in h- study of History! What other powers arc later called into action. In assigning work to a class should a clasa bo adapted to a lesson or vice versa. How can either be accomplish ed! What is the main thiug to be aimed at in teaching Penmanship! How many forms of a letter should be presented to a learner at a time! What aro tho advantages of copy books with urinted copies! Should children's writing all be practices in Penmanship, or should they have stated times for exercises, called penmanship! In what respeci should writing ma torial for children differ from that for advanced pupils! Why is it that pupils practico pen manship from the Bixth to tho eigh teenth year and then cannot writo a neat, plain hand! Do our suhools give sufficient atten tion to pronuuoiaiion! If not why! How may it bo taught in primary schools! How in advanced schools! How in ungraded country schools! How may articulation bo taught! How early should children be taught the use of a dictionary! How may it be done! How early should children be taught how to uso refcrenco books! Prof. Neff talked next on the sub ject of primary reading. Tho first step in teaching a word is the idea. Show first tho object, and that will get the pupils to think of it. Remove it md there will remain tho mental pic ture. Tho power to think of a mental picture is infinitely more valuable than tho power to think on tho object. Wo should always teach tho word through tl.o idea. Always koop the language subordinate to the thought. m this mailt r of word recognition put several words on the board. Point to them rapidly. Then change tho position of tho words, and afterwards group them in twos, threes, iivih, &c. I don't believe that oral reading in iltH first ami second readers does any nooil. It shonld bo stopped when public sentiment will permit it. He member aud get along with as little oral reading ns possibln and have them give tho thought in their own lan guage. Prof. Nootling spoko in ptimary language. Tho first thing of impor tance in teaching langnago is a com petent teacher. A competent teacher is ono who understands how to teach. It is impossible to tell any one how to teach language if he has not the talout within him. .Language worK oan.ue mado as interesting as any other work in our schools. Until children oan wiite, their exorcises bIiouM be oral. Children should write about things, thev can observe; such as thoy aro ox aming or havo examined. They will then talk about knowledge. Exer cises of this kiud develop thought and expression. Language cannot go fast sr than knowledge; they sh' uld be developed together. Questions shonld bo given them on points thoy havo not brought out. The pupils in our public souoois havo too many vagtio ideas, beoauao they havo not examined objects enough. We want more sonse know ledge. Alter pupils have clear ideas, then tne ouiects aro not If out tho crowing school term, in regulating tho text, books. and in regulating n courao of Btudy. Thoro is a fear of'tho'peoplo becom ing too enthusiastic over industrial eduoation. There may bo an effort to woigh down tho common eoliools' with a system that will injare their wofk. Our colleges havo given way to a pop ular demand and the theoretical has given place too mitoh to tho practical Wo want a thorough ground work of a good broad, onglish education. I don't bcliovo tho common school can givo moro than a good start in this di rection. Thoro aro many mattors in connection with . these things that should receive tho careful attention of all directors. Dr. Hlgbeo. Thero is nothing bo influential on a commonwealth as a irnnil bnmn It. U imnnssiblo to oarrv on at homo a Byatcmatio order of cm lure, tho father and mother being both too basv. This culture must bo carri ed on by tho common schools. Tho logislaturo has wisely fastened the school to tho homo. In a well regu lated homo you havo your yard, barn, shade trees, yon havo your ince, you have all these and what for! Certain lv for the household to weavo into their nature n power that will influenco their wholo constitution. Tho sur roundings at school should bo tho same as at home. Our school homes should bo in harmony with our household homes. I plead for you to make the contrasts between your schools and homes less broad. The Dr. concluded with an eloquvnt exhortation to tho teacher to cultivate tho spirit of the Great Teacher to influenco and guide t.hpm in all their work. Dr. Cors. of Kingston, was tho next sneaker. Ho brought tho fraternal feeling of a neighboring county, tho common schools were wiped this would mark the downfall of best institution in tho state. Suppose wo havo a largo town and plenty of means to carry on sohools, but no schools and a set of direotors begin to start a system. Tho first thing that i n o led" is a good houo. The next thing is pure air. Foul air more than cold air breeds disease. With best of care a school room will breed and soattcr disoaso. Tho best way of ven tilating a room is by introducing fresh warm air. Tho best way to l'ght a building is from tho left side. Wo shonld study, before building, estab lished principles. A largo amount of npparatis is not necessary in a school room. Schools should be properly graded. This grading should be based upon our ideas of what is best adapted to bring out our ideas of manhood. The course of study should bo based upon tho ago of a child. As soon as he is old enough to take up a study ho should bo taken right through it. The studies should he adapted to tho de-( vfilnnment of the faculties that aro mostaotivo nt anv particular period, Prof. Neff said, thero aro thren things you must use t- get a thought, tho imagination, the understanding, tho feelings. We all havo these pow prs.ihut tho nower to realize a truth is a power thaLoxiststto.a limited extent In the interpretations ; literature you must bring it'dowu to your own condi tion. WEDNESDAY ,MORNIKO. Devotional exercises were conducted bv Prof; .Nootling of' Normal Bohool. Sunt. Monroe spoko on literature Many books aro boiug' written all tho time. Tho question comes to us, what shall tbo boys and girls of our laud read! Literature may bo taught to sonirt extent in all grades. Tho value of literature isithat it gives mental dis cipline, opens up tho minds of the pupils and instils in them a high idea at human lue. mere must uo a cnangt in the methods of toaching- literature heretofore we have taught mora the history of literature than literature itself. A supernoiai Knowiougo 01 mo wholo realm of a text-book is not as valuable as ono or two master pieces of an author. We should begin with some thing simple, and come down to those authors whoso writings aro more compli cated. We should not commence the study of literature by studying the dates of an author's birth and death, and by tho study of his life, but these things come after the pupils havo studied many of the author's writings. We should havo our pupils write out descriptions of tho pictures depicted in tho uoems thev btudy. Thoy should verify the characters described. Peri odicals mav bo introduced ns aids to the study of literature, besides they aro valuable as supplementary reading. Observing notliors' birthdays is a valu able exercise in creating a spirit for literature. There is a groat value in what wo call memory gems. Always be oareful that theso goms appeal to tho understanding of the pupil. Litera turo is taught loo much as mt-rediagrani-ing and panting without giving tho boautiful thoughts of tho authoi Mr. Sterner of Afton epo'io next on "Mistakes of Teaching." Tho most impoitant question that can bo asked is how to livo a complete life. The answer to this implies correct morals. For tho Publio schools aro to a great extent responsible. leauuers should seek for tho best methods. Should have a correct idea of tho aims of education. Should understand the principle that underlies education. Tho efforts to develop the pupil must bo in accordance with theso principles. Wo can't adapt tho pupil to tho work but tho work must be adapted to the pupil's stage of development. Teach ers make a great mittako when they permit pupils to omit studies, adapted to the development of the mind, thougl thoy may not Beora to bo so practical others, just because their parents do not want thera to study these branches. Teaohers make a iniHako when thoy lay down a great many rules on the first m ruing, his laws being challenges to tho pupils, his general law should bo, "Do lMght. ' Many mistakes aro tbo results ot ignorance, others ol tho for. said this Bcionco has advancod. In regard to the Gnlf stream, it does not enter tho Gulf of Mexico. Tho water in the Gulf acts as a cushion and turns it aside. The flooding of Sahara desert cannot affoot tho climate of Lurope, as tho area that can bo flooded is very small. What isotherms aro and why thoy uro drawn where they aro then ex plained. 1'rof d. It. llarkins, J'nn. ot IMoomsburg sohools was called Subiect Civil Government. Ho that it embodied what our illustrious forefathers conceived, and those who formulated our munificent and wise constitution. Ho showed in a terso manner tho necessity of teaching it in all our schools, especially in tho rural districts hero and thoro blazing a truth positively indicating thereby tho inv portanon of a freo and puro. ballot. I'rot. irry, on JNortu America, it is impossible to study tho lifo of a conti nent without studying its position on tho globe. Tho Btudy of Geography should bo begun wilh'hills and valleys and brooks. Wo cannot study a con tinent bv itself, because it does not contain the relatives that make the life of it. Wo must go from the percept ion to tho imagination in tho study of Geography. Tho I'rolessor then demon strated these lawB by numerous illus trations on tho board. Wo should in our instruction in tho country sohools uo from tho im media to vicinity to tho globe, and thon go back and synthesiso conolously. In studying the conti nent we Bhould taku first those features that influence life, such as mountain systems, heights of land, which deter mine the distribution of rain and the fertility of soil. In going from structure-to coaet lino wo shall take up tho winds and teaoh their effects upon tho continent. Wo next tako up the lifo of tho continent. Next wo take tho animal life, show how physical features modify both vegetable and animal life. Minerals may bo studied when we study the structure. l'rol. JSoetling resumed the discussion of Language Tho an'wer given to knowing a word was as lollows : It is understanding tho idea tho word con veys. Knowing a word by a primary pupil in something different from tho knowledgo a High bohool pupil may havo of it. Knowing a word by a high school pupil saems to bo to know how to use it discritninately. Uan a pupil earn a word faster than its experience? It seems to be the opinions of tho teach ers that it cannot. Can a child's vocabulary bo in advance of his know ledge ! It seems that it cannot. Can child learn to read laster than his experience ! Answer. No. Does the same hold in high schools in regard to original knowledge ! ThiH was left for the teachers to think out for themselves. Is not much of tho mechanical read ing found in our schools duo to the tact that wo try to teach elocution be fore they get tho thoughts in the books! It is the opinion of the teachers that it is. It tho pupils read tho thoughts on a printed pago and then give it in their own language it is an oxceiieni languago lesson. r rof. Fry continued the discussion of Geography. Does not moulding in sand givo lifeless forms to tho pupi1 that deponds on the teacher, tie must associate with it tho roal mountains and rivers of naturo and thus croato lifo and reality in tho work. Are the forms not exaggerated in those model ings. All maps of a continent aro made on a double scale. If wo would try to represent tho highest mountains on North Amtrica, on a map the size of the Opera House floor it would bo two-fifths of an inch. On smaller maps same proportion exists. In order to make them perceptible on small maps .which tako in wido extension!', they must bo drawn on a double scale. In drawing wo simplv look at the form. Map drawing is outlining. Does not, approve of tho tracing maps. Draw the outlines hrst as a oasis, men tne highlands, then form the coast lines. a lovo for history bo that our pupils may go on and educate thenMolvcs as long ns thoy live. In preparing tho bsson wo should allow no committing to momory tho languago of tho text book. Tho pupils should yet the idea first and then bo ablo to express their thoughts in tlclf own language. Wo want good textbooks, RtiJ uso supple ment try rending. Tho aim is to cnablo our pupils to think for themselves. Dr. Waller of tho Normal School, Bpoko on Industrial education. Pub- lio sentiment is In lavor 01 inuusirmi education and it is a thing that is bound to oomo. Motey has been act apart by persons lu tho different part ot states to carry on this work in connection wilh public sohods. And it has been done with most gtati fylng results. There are two phases of tl Is subjiot. Tho ono is that tho school shall exist for tho ob ject of manual training. Iho other rohool maintains mat inuusirmi eu ucatioti shall exist and shall bo main tained for the sake of tho school. Tho duestlon amies what aro tho ends of tho systomt and how aro thoy to bo reached! Thero is a tondenoy in eduoation to deol with woids. Tho child does not have clear ideas. In industrial education tho poy must think exactly. It requires of him a measuro of exactness. Auothcr ad vantage dovelops tho ehilds mind. It develops attention by observing ob jcots in the work shop bjttcr than in branobes as commonly taugut. it. de velops also porsevorance. It increases respect for-tho teacher if tho teacher bo the instructor in tho manual training. It shows in tho teacher an aptitudo in mattors which will command tho respect ol tne pupn. Latent talent is often evoked in this way. Children will be able to mako their apparatus. It creates respect for manual labor. A proper regard for tho dignity of labor. How is this to bo introduced. Wo must begin in lower grades. Must de velop in pupils tho use of the hands and of the eyes. Must begin by teaching drawing as this is funda mental. Both f exes aro to bo trained alike m all deparatnents. The tools used in tho manipulation of wood aro thoso used only widely, such as saw, hammer, piano etc. How aro theso tint gs la bo brought about, now aro wo to piovmo the inuanB. How are experts to be obtained. When it was required about twenty years ago to teach music, teach ers soon became prepared for tho new order of things, and bo they will m re gard to this matter of industrial educa tion. When the subject is tnirly start ed the moans will readily bo found. GET YOUR JOB PRINTING DONE AT TIIE COLUMBIAN OFFICE aro not necessary. nil I.....!..' .t.l ..In.... I IUO '.. V":. "J "J: 1 ". J 1 '"'."I1 't: laziness and carelessness. Every leach ri'. -VT"". "i r. - ' Jr er who wishes to succeed, should bo pictures. Tho material is plenty. It s all around us. Tho rooks, thi trees, tho river, the atmosphere above us aro all full of interest. Our histories are full of materi il. Don't look to New York, Boston or Philadelphia for ma terial when it is all around you. CHEAP FARMS AND HOMES Prices low. Sioi to si u i healibycUmtt. Ane Bolli clow) to cltlei by water or railroad; 8al water luxuries abundant, bend stamp for pilot list; map 11W. MKLY1N 6 MANC11A, AnnapolL8 Md.' DeotM-p APTKHNOON SESSION. Mr. J. O. Brown of Bloomsburg was the first spoakcr on tho part of the di rectors iu tho county. Ho spoko of willing to undergo tbo labor involved in thorough preparation of his work. Prof. Neff of Cambridgo, Mass., dis cussed the subject of Geography. You havo all noticed in your beautiful state wide gaps, in tho region where theso prevail tho mountains havo a peculiar Btructuro. Tho Professor thon drew a diagram on tho board, showing tho pupils how these arn formed. In th matter of riu fall, science lias been making rapid strides. Tho Professor THURSDAY MORNING Devotional exercises couduotcd by Dr. Waller. Prof. Copo of Normal School gave a very interesting talk on Aritnmetio, To iho question, "How would yon nhingle a roof by tho statement method," ho aigued that tho method applies and really shortens tho operation. To the question, "llow does your method apply to finding the four widths of a building!' Ho claimed that tho method applies admiiably and is not so liable to be performed mechanically as by tho old method. In regard to aotual measurments, give original problems to tho pupil, let them find bv actual mea-mreraent the area of school yard, how much carpet will bo required to cover the llooi, etc. In regain to mental arunmeitc, no said he believed in it, but did uot bo lieve there was any necessity of having a separate recitation devoted entirely to mental arithmetic, but should bo taught in connection with written. Tho statement takes tbo place of tho old rule and leads tho pupil to reason. It not always necessary to mako tho statement, lu tractions wo do not need to take the time. Prof. Fry resumed tho discussioti of Geography. He took up and discussed fow general pri cipies. ine nrst, teach ideas before sizes. He showed how important this principle is in tho study of all branches. It 6hould also bo caretuliy ivoognized in tenoning Gfographv. The lulls and mountains nnii rlvi.ru. nvprvthinfr should bo clearlv seen through tho moulding in tho sand. T rr . ! li .1 l. in History, in mi puium mey ouuum have before thoir minds clci.r pictuies of tho facts thoy aro studying. In studying tho great canons ot Colo rado ho must bo led to imagine il through what plaoi s, aro cut tbrough . fr i . i nr.. ....... uv ram. uo uus seen nu.u. u muni. givo children ideas tnrougu material forms. They read continents through signs, these signs aro what thoy nave observed ot nature, wo sco wim wnai wo havo seen, wo build with tho ma terial in tho mind, wo go from tho known to tho unknown, we loaru to do bv doing, wo learn to imagino by ira ngining. Whsn u pupil stands by a brook and bcos a email delta form, wo should lead out his imagination until he can see a great stretch of water running by and forming a delta liko that ot tho Mississippi or Ganges. Wo must doyelop tho power of imagining whilo they aro observing. Mr. Shannon, of Montaudon, spoko on History, luo aim In teaching bis torv is to create an everlasting renti APTERNOON SESSION. Prof. Fry said ho would take up a few questions iu science. Is the earth liquid or solid in the interiot! Thero aro facts, viz. pressure of rock material, tho conductivity of the denser rock, Iho distances continually increasing in which wo go to increase the temper ature one degreo whioh modify the old theory. The theory now is that the earth is solid to the very core. "Where do tho great lakes get their water.'' Tho amount of rainfall fall ing on tbo great lakes is equal to that going over Niagara Falls. Tho waler oomiug trom the draiuagt of surround, ing country supplies loss caused by evaporation. How can tho sunshine into our north window! When vertical rays of tho sun aro at the Tropic of cauoer, tho suu is north of any point on earth ex cept tho north pole. We Bhould not perform an experi ment to support a theory, but to show tho real facts of natuic. Wo should doubt everything that is buried in mystery. Miss Hannah Urceco said: by educa tion wo in-nn a br adening tho views of lifo. Tho faculties, must bo do- veloped: They must be reached. I ho latent powers must ue arouseu. When this power is arourcd, a person finds interest and food for thought from all objects around. A person who has trained himself only in some specialty cannot be said to be liberally educated. All our faculties should bo perfectly develop-d to mako good and useful citizens. Otir Public Sur-o ls aro preparatory dopatttneuts to tit, our pupils lor the duties ot 1110. wo should be eager to train them in self control, self respect, and due rogards for tho lights ol others. Habits ot industry aud punctuality should bo inculcated. Prof. Heffncr, of Ccntralia, 6poko on Publio School libraries. Wo have been teaching too much moro book knowledgo and not real ideas. Yet wo get many ot the ideas and thoughts wo remember best from books by our own titoit. wo snonid give the school children pleuty of books. Wo should givo them a chance. Many of our pupils would be come great men if they had a uhanco to read. Tho boy who leaves school with a taste for reading is better fitted for duties of lifo than the boy that pa?scs through college without a taeto tor reading, lie then gavo a viry m geuious scheme for .securing publio school lihraiiui. Prof. Fiy said ho wanted to talk of History awhile. It is characteristic of tho human mind to admire and lovo that with which wo aro familiar. It is tine with objecls, poems, and with peoilo. This ohm acter stiii slioull bo carried on in tho study of History. If wo mako our pupils familiar with tho history of other cuntries wo ki ep ( ur childieu from hi coming nairow mind ed. Including history wo should begiu with lowest typo of boing. To mako children broad minded wo should not teach facts about wais and kings, but the social lifo of tho people through thH ages. HUtory is duided into nar rative and philosoplical. With tho latter children have nothing to do. Wo can't carry them into that. In tho narrative wo may take tho battles or socinl lite ot tho people. Tho best plan is m commencing willi the past and coining down to tho present. Bv describing tho people of different ages wo will make it inter esting to pupils, lu American His tory tho most important things to study aro tho social condition of tho people of tbo past and tho difterenco between their condition and cure. In tho teaohing facts connected with tho breaking away irom hncland they should bo centered about Washington. In stndying our finances they should bo centered about Hamilton. Iu this way they can bo mado more inter esting. W e Bhonld teach the history of tho constitution. Wo should toach current History. continued on 2d paoe! tho power the directors havo iu in-1 then showed how and In what rospecta meut in the favor of history, To create The Indianapolis Journal (General Harrison's organ) has prepared a tabu lated statement of the popular voto oast on November Gth 1888. Tho total voto as therein given is Harrison 5,-lUO, G07 aud Cleveland 5,538,0 15-being a popular plurality for Cleveland of 107, 438. Tho total voto for Fisk, Prohibi llonist, wriB 257, 243, agaitiht 151,710 four years ago, or n gain rf over 100, 000. Strcetcr, hbor candidate, receive 1 I M, 023, whilo four years ugo Butler recieed 174,870, which would be a lofsofover 00,000.
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers