yV dolumbikn'
COLOtf Dt A DIVOONATi BTAh OF Till NORTtl. Add Co.
I..,ir,l U eelily, rrrry Prlitny .llornln., nt
nwoMsnima, Columbia co., r
ATlt.M pcryoar. ToKubucrlbersotitofthernun
tytno terms ro strictly in aaranco. '
jATNo P.W "continued except at thoontlon
6t the publishers, until nil f rcaras "to Bali int
lone conunucil credits wilt not bo Klreii P ' 1
All pipors sent out of the maw or to dWunt nn.t
1 bio person lit Columbia county awuino? to oar
h subicrliillonactoondemanil. """"" 10 VT
JOB PRINTING.
Tli'jJol) ITIutlns Department ottbe Coitiuatiu
H rery co.npieto. It contains the latest now t ri?
anl nuehlnery and Is tho only omco that nlnHnh
presses by power. giving us tho test facilities ft
in ales furnished on largo Jobs. -
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
B. WALLEIt, - - - -
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
L.
umco over 1st. National Dank.
Bloomsburj, ra
jsT U. FUNK,
' ATTORNEY-AT-LAW.'
Bloomsbcro, Pa.
U nee la Silt's Building.
J OIINM. CIAKIC,
ATTORN EY-AT-LAW.
AND
JU3TIOE OF THE PEACE.
BLOOMSBCRO.rA.
0.11CJ over Moycr Bros. Drug store.
p W.MILLER,
ATTORNBr-AT-LAW
Otncoln Browur'sbulldlng,sccondfloor,room No.1
Bloomsburgi Pa.
T) KKA.NK 7AKR,
ATTO UN E Y-AT-L AW.
Bloorasburg, Pa.
OMoe corner of Centre and Main Streets. Clark a
Building.
Can be consulted In Gorman.
G
'1 EO. E. ELWELL
-ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Hi.oomhiiuko,,Pa.
Olllco m First lloor, froutlrooin of Col
umiiiak lluildlnii, Muln street, below Ex
change Hotel.
pAUL E. WIRT,
Attorney-at-Law.
Offlco in Colombian Bcaomn, Room No. , second
door.
BLOOMSBORQ, PA.
S. RSORR. I. B.WmTRRSIIIN.
KNORR & WINTERSTEEN,
Attornoys-at-Law.
omce lu 1st National Bank building, socond floor,
first door to the left. Corner of Main and Markt
streets Bloomsburg, ra.
tSfPerutoiu and Bounties CellecUd.
J II. MAIZE,
ATTORNEY AT-LAW
Sfflco In Maize's bunfcij. over Billmeycr's grocery.
JOUN cTVoCUM. C E. 0KY2H.
YOCUM & OEYER,
Attorneys-at-Law
CATAW1SHA, l'A.
(onice front suit of rooms on second lloor of
MwsIikm building.)
HTCAN Hi: CONSULTED IK 0EH5IAN..AJ
Members of Sharp and Alleinan's Lawyers and
Hunker's Directory and tho American .Mercantile
and collection Allocution. V 111 give prompt and
careful attention to collection of ctulinslu any
part of the United States or Canada, as well a to
all other piotetslotial uuslnefcs entrusted to them
K. OSWALD,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW.
Jackson Buililing, Rooms 4 anil 0.
BERWICK, PA
yjf. II. RIIAWN.
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW.
CatawlBsa.Pa.
omce, corner of Third and Matnatreeta.
JJ V. WHITE,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
Office in Browcrs' Building, 2nd iioor.
tuny 1-tf
jyIClIAEL F. EYEIILY,
Conveyancer, Collector of Claims
ASP
I.Kd.U. ADVICE IN THE SK'ITLEMKNT OF
ESTATES, Ac.
r-omce In Dentier'H building with V. P. Bill
meyer, attorncy.at.law, front looms, and floor,
Bloomsburg, I'a. lapr-u-ws.
y. E. SMITH,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW
AND
NOTARY PUBLIC,
Berwick, Pa.
MISCELLANEOUS
" B. McKELVY, M. D.,Burgeon and Phj
.siclan, north aide Main atreei,below Market
i L. FKITZ, Atlornev-at-Law. Office
( Front room over Post OMve,
D
K. J. 0. BUTTER,
PHYSICIAN SSUHUEON,
omce, North Market street,
Bloomsburg, Fi
DU. WM. M. REBER, Surgeon and
1'hyBlclan. omco corner of Rock and Market
treet.
JR. EVANS. M. D., Burgeon and
.Physician, omce inn Residence on Thlio
street.
piRE INSURANCE.
CHRISTIAN P. KNAPP, BLOOMBBORO.PA,
HOME, OP N. Y.
MERCHANTS', OF NEWARK, N. J.
I' LINTON, N. V.
PEOPLES' N. Y.
HEADING, PA.
These old corporations aro well seasoned by
Re and fihk tested and have never jet had a
loss settled by any court of law. Their assets arc
alt invested lubouii beccrities are liable to the
hazard of mi only.
Losses raosirTLV and uoHimr adjusted and
paid as soon as determined by christian r.
KNAtT, BrECIAI. AOENT AND ABJC8TKK BLOOMSBVRU,
Pa.
The people of Columbia county should patron.
Ice tho agency where losses It any are settled and
pall by one of thcrown citizens.
PROMPTNESS. EQUITY. PAIR DKALINO.
B.F
?. IIARTMAN
SlrRISENTB TBI rOLLOWIKO
AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANIES
North American of Philadelphia.
Pranklln, " "
I'ennsylvanlt, " "
York, of lKnusylvanla.
Hanover, of N. Y.
Uueens. of London,
North British, of London,
omce on Mirket street, No, , Bloomsburg.
oct. 84.. 1"
Cemntral Mote!
HLOOMSBURG, Pa.
AURANDS, Proprietors.
S. P, HAGEN1JUCII, Clerk.
This well.known hotel has been furnished new
from top to bottom,
Tho proprietors, who look possession April lit.,
have giveu tno place a complete renovating. The
lraelllng publlo will receive flrst-class attention.
-PRICES, AS USUAL.
npr.tfi-ams.
J A. olTTSNBElIDEB, f lvf
"yAiNWRumr &co
WHOLESALE OROCERS,
l'liiUDEi.riiu, Pa.
TEAS, SYRUPS, COFFEE, SUOAK, MOLASSES,
HlUlt, BI'IOK, niOAHIl SODA, KTO., RTO.
N. 13. Corner Second nnd Arch sts.
tOrders will receive prompt attention.
COURSEN. CLEMONS & CO.,
Limited,
Importers nnd Wholesalo Dealers in
Crockery, (ilasswnre, Table nnd Pocket Cutlery,
window Glass, nnd Mnted-waie.
The M candle-power trarth elf etrlc lamp.
i he celebrated Pinafore Burner,
bird Cages, Fruit .tars.
4-M Lackawanna Acnue. SCKANTON, Pa.
may My
yf if. HOUSE,
DENTIST,
Bloomsburo, Columbia County, Pa.
All styles of work done In a superior manner, work
warranted as represented. Teeth Extract
ed without Pain by the use of Uas, and
free of charge hen artificial teeth
aro Inserted.
Olllco In Barton's building, Mnln'Stree'l,
below .Market, live doois below Klin's
drug store, Ilrst lloor.
Jo be nnen at nil hourt during the dnt
novjs-it
tor working people, sendiu cents post
age, anil wo will mall you tree, a royal,
valuablo sample lo of goods that will
pay ion In the wn- nt mut-intr tnnm
money In a few da) s than you ever thought possl.
bio at any business, capital not required. You
can nvo at home anil work In spate time only, or
all the time All of buth sexes, or all ages, grand,
ly successful, no cents to is canlly enrneil eiery
evening, That all who want work may test the
business, we make this unparalleled otter: To all
whoaronotwell satlsllrdwe wlllsend 1 to pay
for the trouble of writing us. Full portlculnrs,
directions, etc., sent free. Immensopay absolute
ly sure for all who stait at once. Don't cleluy.
Addiess Stinson & Co., Portland, Mnlue. ilcclS.
Jas, Reijly,
PROPRIETOR OK
At the old stiind, under the
Exchange Hotel,
BLOOMSBURG , FA.
ft C. SLOAli ftlRO.,
RLOOMSUURG, PA.
Manufacturers of
CARRIAGES BUGGIES, PHAETONS
SLEIGHS, PLATFORM WAGONS &C.
First-class work always on hand.
REPAIRING jVA'I 1L YDONk.
Prices reduced to tuit the times.
BLOOMSBIM PLAHING MILL
:o.
The undersigned having put his Planing Ml
on Railroad Street, In nrst-ciass condition, is pre
pared to do all kinds of work In his lino.
FRAMES, SASH, DOORS,
BLINDS. MOULDINGS,
FLOORING, Etc.
furmsned at reasonable prices. All lumber used
Is well seasoned and nono but skilled workmen
are employed.
ESTIMATES FOR BUILDINGS
urnlshed on application. Plana aDd Bpeclflca
onu spared by an experienced draughtsman
CIIAIILES KKIIG,
IlloniiiNbiire', Pa
ORNAMENTAL IRON FENCES
OF CAST CR WROUGHT IRON.
Suitable for
Yards,
Cemetery Lots
and
Public Grounds.
The following shows the llcket Gothic, one of
the se eral beautiful stylesof Fence manufactured
by the undeisUncd.
For Beauty and Durability they aro unsurpass
ed. ts;t up by experienced hands and warranted
to gle satisfaction.
Prices and speoiraens of other de
sifjna Kent to any address.
Address
BLOOMSBURG PA-
Muy 4-tf
rwi . i mpj
Five Cold and Two Silver Modal,
awarded in 1835 at tho Expositions ol
New Orleans and Louisville, and tho In
ventions Exposition of London.
Tho superiority of Coralino over horn
or whalebone has now been demonstrated
by over five ycatt' experience. It is more
durable, inoro pliable, more comfortable,
and nevtr brtokt.
Avoid cheap Imitations made of various
kinds of cord. Nono aro genulno unless
"Dn. Warner's Cohahnk" Is printed
on inside of steel cover.
FOR SALE BY AIL LEAOtNB MERCHANTS.
WARNER BROTHERS,
353 Broadway, New York City
febsr una,
in presents given away, send us 5
cents postage, and by mall you will
. ...... .. .. ...Iru.n. nt ...iulj fif I in.M
, f- YUillf, IMUf "... D.U.V u.. ... l.w.K
inai win iu uiitu uiiiii, jw ." . . !,
an)lhliigclse lu Ameilca. Allabout the.'0","Ul
in presiUs with each box. Agents wanted cv.
eryalicre, of either sex, of all ages, for all the
time, or ipuio tluiH only, to work for us at their
own hemes. I'ortuues for all workers absoluiely
assured. Don't dcluy, II. HAU.m co., rort
land, Maine, declShS.
lttfli$flKPi
IlillESflil
ilw-Hjf
zi
The story of our Fashionable
Clothing at prices within the
reach of all, has caught the at
tention of our young subject,
lie reads that Yates it Co. give
money's worth every time and
their overflowing stock for Men,
Youths, "Hoys and Children is
the best i'u Philadelphia to
select from.
A 0. YATES& CO.
(502-OO-l-GOG CHESTNUT ST.
f r
CENTS
COPY ol THIS
ltKAl IIKI I. IMIOk'.
It KtvtthclKNCUACt
niitl SenllmiRl ot Evtrj
rtowir md thnk, :i(HM)
dltltrciit kltiiH. ANn ull
ttif Known Rdlnotriirta.
lion ulih Clove, Piraiol,
Haadkcrchlil amtrit. It
IntliHmoit complitiuork
(if Hip kind tnr pur
lKhet1.Qeinl Fiflvpu
CrnlMnn Mnnjii-4 Tor
ft sample copy, ofso our
price to audit. Agenti
wftiitpfl evtrywliirf. Ad.
Tenth Strtei.Pnllad'i.Pi.
AMCRICAN. PUB. CO.. 17 Korlh
SINGER
$17
THIS Mll.l.
A V DAYS' TRIAL.
I r , Full Set of
M.V Altnchmrlits.
5VA1I11AMKI
Tfonrs, Semi for
Circular.
E. V. HOWE A CO..
12'J 0 Hi St., l'hlla., P
Apr. 9 I7w. '
A standaiTu MEDICAL W'OHK
Fill! VOl'MI AMI )llliHLi:.Alii:ii SEX.
ONLY 11 11V MAIL, POSTPAID.
Illustrative Sample Tree to All.
KNOW THYSELF.
A Cruut Medical work on Maiiliood
Hxhaiiited vltalllr, nervnu3 and phjrrlcal debil
ity, prtumtuie decline In num. errors ot jouth.and
the untold nilwr'esresultlnir from lnilleietlon or
evceses. A book for eery man, younir. mlddle
ajied and old. It contains 123 prescriptions for all
acute and chronic diseases, each one or which Is
Inwuuublc. so found by the author, whose ex
pel lence lor 25 ears Is such as probably never be
fore tell to the lot of any phjKlclan. 300 pages,
bound In beautiful French muslin, embossed cov
ers, full gllt.nuurautml to bo a tlnerwork In every
sense than any other woik sold In this country for
.'.so, or tho money win be refunded In every In
stance, l'rlco only tt.oo by mall, post-paid. Illus
Irultte sample sent tree to anybody, send now,
flold medul awarded tho author by tho National
Medical Association, to tho I'icsldent ot whlch.the
lion. 1". A. UKsel, nnd associate onicers ot the
Hoard, the reader Is respectfully referred.
The fclenceof lire Is worth more to the young
ami middle-aged men of this generation than nil
the gold mines of California nnd the silver mines
of Nevada combined. s. 1'. Clmmhlr.
The science of lire points out tho rocks and
quicksands on which tfio constitution and hopes
ot many a joung man haxe been fatally wrecked.
Manchest'' Mirror.
The science ot life Is of greater value than all
the medical woiks published in this country tor
tho past fo years.- Atlunla Constitution.
The Science ot Lite Is a superb anil masterly
treatise on lien ous and physical debility, Mroti
Frff l'rrits.
There Is no member ot society to whom the Sct
ence ot Life win not be usetul, whether outh, pa
lent, guardian, Instructor or clergyman, A ryo
mutt. Address the 1'eabody Medical Institute. orDr.W,
II Parker, No. 4 llultlnch stieet, lloston, .Muss ,wno
may bo consulted on all diseases requiring skill
and experience. Chronic and obstinate diseases
that m o bailled all other physicians a specialty,
such treated successfully without an Instance ot
failure. .Mention Tub colvmbian. Ifcb5.d.ly.
NATURE'S
CURE FOR
CONSTIPATION,
TARKANT'N
Effervescent Seltzer
Aperient.
an elegant, efficacious,
pleasant apperlent In the
form of a powder, produc
ing when dissolved In
water nn exhlleratlng, ef.
fervesclng draught recom
mended by our best physi
cians as a reliable and
agreeable remedy. It cures
constipation, cures Indlges
llou, cures dyspepsia, cures
plles,eures he.m hui n, cures
M. , ,, , . bit-n-m-uuiu'nu cures liver
SlRK-r PaflanllR complaint, cures sick stoni.
OlUn llCauaUIIC,nch, and gently urges all
AND ,,lt! ecretory organs to a
..-n.. proper uctlon. It should
II Y C P F P I A uo In every household and
U I Ol L. I Ol it eanleil by every traveler.
fiultt tnj i)rurj'jlt(ii fiTrytclwre,
apr u It r,
THE STANDARD
IkAUISIDIRY IBILUJIE
OP AMERICA.
BEWARE OF COUNTERFEITS.
ASK YOUR GBQCES FOR IT.
apr.lMSt.
BIG OFFERJU'r'K
will tiivis AWAY l.Oiio self-operating wush.
m mlng machines. If jou wnnt one send us
your n-iiiie, l,t. and express otllce at once. Till!
NATIONAL L'O.,21 Hey St., M. Y. (apr.u- ILr.
WANTED LADY
resent In her oh u locality an old firm, lleterences
i-equlri'd. Permanent position und good salary.
HAY x llltus, m iiarclay St., .V. Y. Apr. 3 lt,d.
CONSUMPTION.
I htm ft poittlv rvmedf f ur tna ftbovedlfe) br It
innuitiKlaofCMwiol tlia wurit klnilttnduf loni
iKadlDiftiave Drrnrurca. linii,uiironi:iaiuyrlt
l 10
rfal
tfthfrwlltiftVALUABLKTItlCATIhKuiUhtttJiiu.U
111 Il etUcitrr.thni J will aiKlTWO llUTTi-Kfi fREK.
tdu7IUITiirur. Uh.esprea. .iij I o 4Jrrt.
VII. T. A, SLOCVM,lll I'mlSL, K Totk,
Apr '.Mt.-d
UIIKAPKST and 11KST. Prices UKDL'CEI).
fiver 2 Out pages. Fully lllMlmtrd. Agents
Wanted, circulars free. A. J. HOL.MaN fa,
Philadelphia, I'a. loprlb-4t.il.
KXC II ANGE HOTEL,
W. R. TOBBS, PROPRIETOR
BLooiisBuna, fa.
OPPOSITE COURT IIOUSE.
L t rtresand convenient sample rooms. Hath rooms
not and cold water and all modern conveniences
17URA8 llllOWN'ri INSt'KANOK
1 AHKNt'Y. .Mayer's new building, .Main street,
oomtbuiv, I'a.
Assets
,i:tna Insuranco Co., of Hartford, Conn (7,078,220
ltoyal ot LUerpool I3,nxi,ooo
Ijino.ishlru , , 10,(100,0112
lire Association, ruiladelphla 4,ltu,7io
Phainlx, of London. . , 5,au',,:i?ti
I.011U011 Lancasldre, of England 1,T(M,V70
Hartford of llartlord 8,iffS,oM
bprlngtleld tire and .Marine ,ot2,6Ki)
As tho agencies are direct, policies are written
for the Insured without delay In the omea at
llloomsbun;, Oct. S3, su
l ILlRTINC
mm
.IS.
BLOOMSBURG, PA., FRIDAY, APRIL 23,
tRCl
rtlliT rnory quick It t.n an r ether ki.rrwnwm-l
The OrrAtrtit dim m rrh f A-rs wml
jiiji iinBumiin, ricunuinft,
HrlHn?t, fitltl ltruieii,
jiurun, riiuux, v-iiin, lAimtm-
pro, JlraHry, Botch, fYnpt-bitPX.I
Harkache. Oulrmr. boro Throat.
Toothihc. 8pn0n, ptc Ilicol
Met, a U.tUf. Hold by allH
Ncinf lea. Woumln. IIpai1.ii hn.1
rSrat lno s-uvntlon on boom ourfl
fo-1mtl9 rltrnntiire, A. C. flcjcr & Co, tSoIoM
lTtpricwr imiiirnuro, i( j a, At
DR. BULL'S COUGH SYHUP
Forthe cure of Coughs, Colds, Hoarse
ness, Croup, Asthma, Bronchltb,
Whooping Couch, Incipient Con
sumption, nnd for tho relief of con
sumptive persons in advanced stascs
of the Disease. For Sale Ly til I3nig
gists. Price, 25 cents.
BURDOCK
BLOgD
BlTTfeRSI
Burdock Blood bitters
TOR
That Ache in Small ofBack.
Burdock Blood Betters
KBLIttVKl
Weary, Aching Bones.
Burdock Blood Bitters
CURES
Dyspepsia.
l))ipeiJ.
Gents: I feel it my duty to say re.
specting Hurdock Iilood Bitters, that it Is
tho Iiest medicine; I ever took. I suffered
two or threoycars from stomach troubles
nnd dyspepsias well as from liver and
kidney complaint. I was not able to at
tend to my business. My wife was afflicted
in much tho same way. AVe read of your
Bitters in tho papers and made up our
minds that wo would tri them. The result
is.my wife nnd I began to improve at once,
and 1 am now ablo to do inoro hard work
than before in ten years. It relieved my
kidney troubles as well. We both wish
you, the makers of it, Godspeed.
JOSEPH LAlfDOK,
Chelsea, Vt.
nujr. 28-ly-ald.
PARKER'S
HAIR BALSAM
the popular favorite for drawing
th hair, ltetnrlnff color when
pray, anil presenting Dandruff.
It cleanse tho scalp, topn the
hair falling, ami la mire to pleat),
60c and LQQ at Dru points.
The best Cough Cure you can use.
And the beet preventive? know n for Conmmption. It
cures bodily pains, and alt disorder of tho Stomach,
liowels, Luntrs, IJver, Kidney, Urinary Oitmna nnd
ail Female Complaints. Tho frhle and lVk, otru(r
glUiff against dUtoac, and slowly drifting tiiwaiila
tho prave, will In mottt coses recocr their health by
the timely una ot Parker's Tomc, but delay Is don
Erous. Take It lu time. Bold by ail lrucgt4 In
largo bottles at f 1.00,
HINDERCORNS
The safest, curat, quickest and bent cure for Co run,
nunlonJ.Wartw, Moles, Callouses, Ac, Hinders their fur
therfrrowth. Stopsallpaln. OWennotrouble. Makesthe
feet comfortable, Hlndercoms cures heneverythlni(
elsefalla. fkldby UrutrsiatantlSc. lliscwi Co.(N. V.
any. M-ly
PLAIN FACTS!
XT IS A FA CT-TImtnomattorhowBevcr,
-i.ii ymir ItbeunuitlHin or boxr
lonx j oil h.i o HUllem I. yuu rati tret rr lief, and wliat'n
mor. iret It permanently' for ktfp'H,' uh tlio Loya
IT IS A FA Ca'-ThHt tlinmnnds havo bad
I thiM triad vjirlenco, and
now rejoice In iHTfwt health. Wo ftau ehow you
the tcBUiuoalfcla of many nub.
IT IS A FACT- tho
RUSSIAN
RHEUMATISM
CURE
does the TmiRln&w and has done It euoceiwfuUy ere ry
time It has been tried accordinK to directions.
771 7"? A V t 771 That thl remedy, though
i-ouutry.haa lieun uwHivery many j ears lu some
lrta of EwroiH), and 1th wonderful huciw.
IT IS A FA fJT-That tho IUiwuan Rheu-
dorwinent of eminent i:nrotean physicians and
Uovernment nanttsry commiBt-Ioni. without which it
could not be publicly ttold in hoiuo of thoac countries.
TT ? A T1 t f!T That HENnryr. Frank of
h t. , l'hilai It 1 phn, h u il crod for y (ars with ltheumatism
in the amis and nhoulilem. no says : I tried every,
thlujr. but nothimrlieliKtl until llxmifhtthe It. It.
t'lire. "It curod mo completely and very quickly."
DcMcrlplhe pnmphlct, with tentlmonlals, free.
MAn cr I If maile.1. lite, additional.
PnC6 S2.00. If mriBteml, locmore.
A -et it In not to bo found at tho store, but can
onl v lo hail by encloHing the amount as above, ana
addressing tho American proprietors.
PFAELZER BROS. & CO,
810831 Market Htre.t, I'lilliiililphla
march liMy.a
3 1st Vea.r
THELEADALLsl886
BAUGH'S
Pure Raw Bone Meal
Pure Dissolved Rav Bones
Special Manure for Seed Leaf Tobacco
NewProcesslOGuano
Economical Fertilizer
Double Eagle Phosphate
Baugli's $25 Phosphate
' High Grade Agricultural Chemicals
Send fir circular! prices, and inmplos. Addrtfss
BAUGH X SONS UBiM
."."& Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.
Tor " Morn-ont," "run-down," dotillltnti'il
ncliidil toachi'iK, inllllnci's, wuinstii'tucs, Iidum
kiKMM in, and ovii-oiK(l women irciKmlly,
Dr. l'lciii-'a Favniltii l'lcscrlpl loll la thu lht
ol iilliv(.tointli(itimls. It Is not n " Cure-all,"
hut admirably tullllk u ulnulenrss ot purl m,
lK'inir u 1'iik.t imuiit KkkIIIo tor ull thoso
Cliiniilci Witikncwn mid Diwasrs lK'cullur to
woiiii u, It W ft ixiivcrtul, ircnpinl ns wvll na
ulrilni', tonlo nml limine, and liniurta vliror
und ttmurtli to thu n hold Hem. 1 1 luouiptly
curt'S wi'iikm-iw of Btoumcli, luiliircM ion, Moat
Inir, wruk Imi'k. nervous I'rostratlon, detilllty
und lwiltBini, in rltlier sex, l'avorlto I'm
sulntloii la wiM liydiiuKUU umKrour 1
((if uwiro'i'". f ni'iT mound tmtlle,
l'riro 1.(1(1, or lx lintllr. (or 5.00,
A luruu tivutlwi on l)law(if Wuiiu-n, pro.
fuBvly lllubliatiil with roliiml ilutiu and mi
mi'i nii.s w(Mxl-ciila. sent tor 10 ct'iita In ttnniw.
Adilrpwi, Woiii.n'H Diai'fcNiuiiv MrnirAi.
Ahsocution, Utu Muln btivct, Dutralo, N. V.
IsICIC III:a1A:III:, lllllou, llrnducUo,
und Coutlmtloii, iiouiitly ciiriil by
Dr. Plmn". 1'i'llotn. u lal,
by illllfc'Kleta.
DlA"l?TWCJlta (JAUtiES-na
was deaf twenty-right years. Treated
by racist ot tho notul fcPeluUsta ot the day
with no benefit, cured hunsi'lt in three month
ami tlnce then hutidmls ot othcru by aamepro
cena. A plain, klmplo and Bucceastul home treat,
menu AdJresa T. . 1'AOK. nn KaMiiMli street.
Sow Vorkcltv, Apr'.Mt-d.
fnl
SOLDIERSORPIIANS.
O0VERN0R PATTI80N MAKES HIS RE
PORT OF WHAT HE SAW.
SUrMtlNTKNIlKNT K. K, lllOHKE UKQUKST'
1:11 to ni;ni(iN tits ot'iiuK.
nBV. J. Y. HAVKHS AND JlltS. K. K. lltJT-
TKIt, t.VSI'KOTOltS, UV.MOVK1).
(IKNKUAI.
I.OC1S WAtlNKlt AIM'OISTEK
INSI'KCTOIt.
KXECUTIVK DU-AUTMKNT, CoMMOK-
WKAI.TI1 OF PkNNSVLVANU, OlFICF. OF
the (4ovnnKoit, llAititisuuito, April
lr., 188(i.
To tho Honorable Lewis C. Cabsii'v,
Atloriioy General Dear Sir: Some
weeks ago charges of maladministration
and abuse wero prcfeired by a respon
sible public nuwspaper of Philadelphia
against thy management of tho Soldiers'
Orphans' Schools of the State. Tho
ncdisations were not mere general
critioistns but wefo specific detailed
and circumstantial. It was impossible
to iguoro charges thus made by a rep
utable accuser. If true, they merited
prompt ollioial denunciation and, a far
as possible, punishment. They Invol
ved abuses so shameless, revolting and
inhuman as to demand for the fair
fame of the Commonwealth, denial, or
exposure and correction as the facts
upon investigation would warrant.
Assisted by yourself and accompani
ed uuon invitation by thu gentleman
who had made and avowed tho charges
that wero publixbcd, und by a steno
grapher, I began an official inspection
of onu of the schools on tho oth day of
March last. Tho charges had been
published on the 22d day of February
preceding, and on the Cth day of Match
eh, eleven days theroaftyr, the Super
intendent of Public Instruction, upon
whom tho law imposes the direction,
caro and control of the Soldiers' Or
phans' Schools, certified in a letter ad
dressed to myself and simultaneously
given to the publio that ho had exam
ined certain of tho schools where
abuses wero alleged to havo taken
placu and to exist. Ho also said, in
effect, that ho found the charges un
sustained and the exposuro untrue ;
that tho orphan children were properly
and humanely supported and that the
bounty of the Statu was honestly and
legitimately applied.
Regarding the letter of the Superin
tendent, from its tone and substancp,
as ending nil investigation on his part
of the' charges made, and believing
tho answer to bo inadequate and its
conclusions unsupported by satisfac
tory proofs, and that his axamination
of tho schools had been hurried and
superficial, I deemed it my duty to
continue the inspection of all the
schools where the soldiers' orphans
wero supported.
Theschools were visited and care
fully examined. All the buildings,
every room in- them : the out-houses
and grounds ; the furniture, beds and
bedding; tho accommodations and
drainage ; the food and ' clothing, and
everything and placo in any way per
taining to tho schools and tho children
wero inspected. Principals, matrons
and employes wero called upon to
testify under oath. Some complied
and some refused. I had no lawful
power to compel testimony. While
the production of books, papers and
accounts was requested at eaoh of the
schools, in two only were they pro
duced. Heforo conoluding the work,
the Superintendent of Publio Instruc
tion and the two official Inspectors
were notified that any statements or
further replies they might havo to
make would be heard. Tho former
official appeared but added nothing
material to his publio letter. Tho two
Inspectors made general denials of
mismanagement in the conduce of the
schools and avowed their satisfaction
with the condition of tho institutions
and the caro and support of jtho in
niatep. All who posipsed anv informa
tion or wero in any way inculpated by
tho testimony wero heard in full when
thev expressed a doairn to make state
ments. AltoGether over 100 witness
es wero examine 1, nearly all of whom
were employes or officer's of 1 lie insti
(ution. Tho Secretary of thn State
l?oard of Health also was requested to
officially examine tho schools and re
port upon their sanitary condition.
Tho complete result of tho investigation
embracing over 700 paces of testimony,
nnd the completed portion of Dr. Leo's
rcprrt I herewith transmit to yon.
It. would be impossible within the
limits of this communication to give
anytli'ng like a detailed summary of
tho facts proved bv tho testimony. It
unhappily establishes however, tho
substantial truth of tho allesations of
abuse and mismanagement which wore
made against tho schools. Tho testi
mony shows a most pitiful, cruel and
inhuman neglect of the children ; a
want of tho commonest necessaries of
decent living! an insufficient moral and
religious training, as well as suggest
ions of dopravity and immoral practices
in some of tho schools nnd that aro too
vilo for enumeration. If tho evidence
was pot so overwhelming and undoubt
ed, in most instances confirmed by
personal observation, it would bo dif
ficult to beliovo that in this ago and in
our own Commonwoalth such practices
wero possible. A fnw instances out of
iiiany may be stated as samples of the
inhumanity roferred to.
In somo schools during tho euliro
winter tho children wero not supplied
with winter clothing, but were com
pelled lo enduro the rigors of tho sea
son with sunnier or, at host fall gar
ments. Children somo siok, many
frail, most of tender years lived
through tho winter without winter un
dergarments of any kind upon their
persons, and in palliation of this neg
lect tho school managers declare that
they had not provided them becauso
tho department regulations- did not
specify undergarments in the list of
artioles to bo furnished each child, ,
Thoro wore taken Irom tho feet of
boys stockings that had beeu unohang.
od for over a month, and fpmi which
tho toes and heels of tho children pro-
triiiieu ui u uitiiy condition. Tlio samo
shirt was found to havo been worn
from Christmas to March. Hundreds
of tho children, born and cirls. wero
observed, whoso clothing was torn and
ragged, offensive to sicht and smell
In no institution wore tho boys pro,
vided witlitooihbrushcs.aud in very few
schools wan there a full supply of combs.
For periods of four months tiio children
in eomo schools wero kept from church
occauso o: mo lacK ot gooj clothing,
1886.
Tho law requiring that each child bo
furnished with a full outfit upon leav
ing tho institution at tho ago of 10
years was in many instances wholly
disregarded.
Haiidkorchiofs costing 3 cents were
charged 10 cents apiece i stockings
costing 12 cents wero charged at tho
rato of 2,"i cent, a pair. The clothing
allowanso of tho children arriving at
tho ago of 10 was computed at 82.08
per mouth from September 1, allhough
tho school year begins Juno 1, making
a difference of 80.24 against tho or
phan and in favor of the owners of tho
school.
Tho buildings are ontirelj unfitted
for tho purposes for which they aro
used. 1 hero was an absence of tho
most ordinary conveniences of a home.
Not a chair, not a peg, not a piece of
furnituro other than a bed was to bo
found in tho bed-rooms. In a number
of schools tho children were not pro
vided with oven a till cup to uso for
drinking purposes. At one school, tho
laundry cost a triflo over 1 cent per
head per week.
In most of the schools there wero no
permanent external Gre-escatics. and tho
children slent in apartments from which
they could hardly havo escaped alive
had a firo reached the narrow stair
ways.
In many cases there were no ether
facilities for bathincr than molasses or
picklo barrels. As many as sixteen
bathed in tho same barrel with the
water unchaugod. Healthy children
and ohildren with sores and contaorions
disease? bathed in tho samo water and
used the samo towels. Ono hundred"
and eighty-four boys wero allowed but
six towels. At ono school an older
girj whose hand was in a diseased con
dition from tettor, had for a long period
washed tho bodies of the younger girls
of tho school.
It was shown that 30 caes of itch
pxisted in one school in 1881. Chil
dren with scrofula, white swelling and
soro legs wero found, who were receiv
ing no medical attention. One child
had tho samo rag upon his soro for
ov.er two weeks. Tetter, ringworm
and other diseases afflicted manv chil
iren whos" condition undoubtedly or-
igin.ited, from filth. It was establish
ed that there were 24 cases of frozen
feet in one institution in 1881 Num
bers of boys and girls with pontatjious
soro eyes wero found who received no
intelligent medical attention whatever.
One of tho boys was deputed to drop
a wash into tlio eyes of the others.
Another boy who was in charge of tho
nursery applied ointments in cases of
skin diseap. The children thus affect
ed slept indiscriminately with healthy
children, washed in the same water,
and used the same towels. Children
newly admitted into tho institution
were clad with tho cast-off clothincr of
older inmates. Ono child died in tho
sick-rocin without a ntirso to attend
him in his dying hours or to close his
oyes. 1 ho sick-room where this child
died, orphaned in life and worse than
orphaned in death, was filthy and tin
heated. In many, many cases three
children slept in ono bed that was
scarcely snfl'niont fir two. Ueds !19
inches wide wero used by three chil
dren. And at one school four small
children slept in ono bed. A buildintr
containing 100 boys had no adult at
tendant. 1 ho bedding was foul and
filthy.
According to tho report of Dr. Lee.
tho sleeping accommodations at ono
school scaroely reached ouo-third of the
requirements of the laws of sanitation.
The sohool-rooms and play-rooms wero
over-crowded, and in somo apartments
the breathing space was less than ono
twelfth of the quatiity which tho chil
dren required. At another school a
dingy furnace cellar was tho playroom.
Tho cooking arrangements of the
schools were also deficient, and at one
nstitution it was admitted that tho
children did not cet enough to eat be
causo of the smallness of tho cooking
stovo. Twenty-six of tho boys at the
school presented a petition to me, al
leging that they did not get enough
to eat. Another and somewhat similar
petition was presented, complaining of
a variety.
The food supplied was Generally
coarse and unvaried. In many oases
ti was unwnoiesome, adulterated and
insufficient in quantity. There were
instances whero tea and coffee wero
supplied without milk and unsweetened.
Whilst making tho investigation at one
school, ham, almost raw, and entirely
unlit for human food, wus taken from
tho dinner tuolo whpru tho children
wero eating. Without further Hpep'ifi-
catiou of defeotivo food it is sullicieni
to state that figures wero presented by
the Principal of one school showing
that the average tost of a meal per
child was 2 cents. A careful estimate
also Bhows that somo breakfasts cost li
cents per head and somo suppers l
cents per neuu.
I will not further cilo instances of
neglect and inhumanity. Tho-io io-
lenea to aro illustrative only and wero
all established by indubitable evidence,
in most instances by personal observa
tion; in many cases by tlio reluctant
admissions of those having charge of
tho schools and by tho corroborations
of tho children.
So much for tho physical condition
of tho children and the neglect of
their personal wants and comforts.
I ho tacts, with reference to their moral,
religious, intellectual and industrial
training are even inoro deplorable and
alarming.
Except in fow instances they received
no moral or religious instruction otlier
than that imparted at tho general pub
lio exercises in tho chapel or church.
In most oases thoy wero huddled into
their onfitied beds without uraver or
religious admonition, no matron or
guardian teaching them to lisp the
name of God. No Uibles wero found
in thu children's rooms, and thoro wero
no refining or homo-liko influences in
tho surroundings of theso little ones.
In eight-tenths ot the schools there
was no regular industrial instruction.
Tho law goverrtintr tho schools renuires
that tho courso-of "study shall embraco
Wlltttrtlfdinn in vm.nl tiioin ...lit, ......
tactics and calisthonics, and the great
est variety possiblo of household and
domestio pursuits and mechanical nnd
agricultural employments consistent
with tho respective Bizes and ages of
tho orphan children and their school-
room studies.
In nono of tho schools wero these
provisions of tho law fully observed
and in most of them thero was not a
pretoiiBo of obedience. In tho greater
uumuer oi eases tnero was not an In
THE COLUMBIAN, VOL. XX.NO 10
COLUMBIA DEMOCRAT, VOL. L, NO 7
dustry or trade taught to any of tho
children J hey wero only employed
to such extent and lu such occupation
as make them profitable lo tho mana
gers by taking tho placo of hired help.
Instead of military tactics being taught
in every school ns tho law contemplat
ed, in most of thu institutions there
was not a soldier or person familiar
with military all airs employed in any
department. In nono was there found
a teacher of agriculture. Tho number
of teachers and attendants for the'
schools was wholly inadequate. In
stead of careful teaching in vocal
music tho ohildren wero left to occas
ional practice in singing in concert,
without technical training. Tho ob
ject of tho provision of tho law cited
evidently was that when tho children
graduated from tho schools at 10 years
of ago they would not only bo fairly
taught in common school branches of
education, but would also, according
to their natural bent, bo fairly trained
in somo useful industrial employment
and thus qualified for even compcti
tion in the race of life. How shock
ingly this humane purpose of the law
has bet n perverted will bo apparent
when it is htated that not only was in
dustrial instruction veiy generally neg
lected, but that nlso,iti many instances,
ihethildicn were employed in tho
most disgusting occupation?, such as
cleaning cesspools and -similiar work,
thereby breaking their self-prido and
humiliating them. With ono except
ion tho chief employments to which
tho children were put were such as
should have been done by paid servants
of the schools1 Tho object of this wai
to savo expense to tho managers. It
is but just, however to say that as a
rule the children were found to bo
naturally bright and rather well in
structed in the common branches of
knowledge.
At ono of the schools, children were
deprived of instruction for a consider
able period, becauso of tho insufficient
force of teachers. At another school,
it was impossible from the character
of the limited number of employes to j
exerciso that supervision and restraint
over the boys and girls which tho dic
tates of morality and hnmmity re
quire. A brief explanation will show bow
this condition of affairs was brought
aoont, arid how it remained tindiscov
prpd until tho official exposure of a few
weeks ago.
Primarily, it may bo said that the
abuses enumerated conld not have ex
isted if the officers charged by law
with the supervision ot the schools had
faithfully performed their duties. The
law requires that the Superintendent
of Public Instruction "shall visit each
Soldiers' Orphans' School at least once
each quarter, either in person or by
deputy, remaining at least 24 hours in
each school." There aro also a mal
Inspector and female assistant provided
for by law, who are directed to bo
paid not moro than S100 per month
and necessary traveling expenses. The
evidence disclosed by tho investigation
establishes that none of theso officers
havo performed their duties. During
tho past vear tho Superintendent visit
ed the Mount Joy School once and
each of the Inspectors twice. The Su
perintendent visitpd the McAlisterville
School in May, 1885, and stayed - but
six hours, and was not thero afterwards
until subsequent to tho exposure of this
year. The Inspectors stayed at this
school between ." and 0 hours. At tho
Mercer School it was testified by an
employe that sinco September, 1884,
neither the Superintendent nor Inspect
ors had remained 24 hours, tho average
duration of their visits being f hours.
These aro but samples ol tho neglect
by theso officers of their duties. In
deed, the condition of tho schools and
children, as observed at the investiga-
uuu, iiuu ns iuuy set lomi in mo re
port of tho Secretary of tho State
Hoard of Health, was of itself sufficient
to show either that tho officers had not
attempted to perform their duties as
Inspectors, or. that if they did they
were incompetent to judge of the facts
and did not observe thooxisting abuses.
They ceitainly failed to report and lo
correct them lhootlicial reports of
me inspectors also snow mat they did
not visit the institutions as often as
was necessary to obtain a thorough
Kiiowieage oi me condition and opera
tion of tho schools. These repot ts aro
of tho most general character, and in
variably present tho schools in the most
favorable light, and when read in con
nection with lh facts disclosed by tho
nvestigaiion provo on the part
ot me inspectors, at lent, either
neglect or incompetence.
It was also disolosed that in somo
manner the sohool Principals received
word in advance of tho coming of ono
ot tuo inspectors, and a carriago was
sent to mo depot to convey that official
to me school
Section 10 of tho act of 1807 creat
ing the Department of Soldiers
Orphans imposes upon the Superintend.
ent of the schools tho obligation of
niiiKiiig a nutation, report to the uover
nor of all tho soldier's orphans niulei
his charge ; "their condition and prog
ress, the numbers of each icspeetivo
ago irom -1 to 10 years. Tho last
named provision has been entirely ig
nored in tho repot t of tho Superintend
ent lor the year loo,), and his state
ments concerning tho condition of tho
children aro not borne out by tho in
vestigation.
Tho appropriation bill for tho mainte-
naneo of soldiers' orphans for tlio two
i ,
years which entteu iuay ;il, lb3., do
clares it to bo tho dutv of tho Suneiin
Undent to prescribe- tho kiud of cloth.
ing to bo worn, and to see that "each
(child) receive an amount of tho full
..rtl..n f O.i - . ti . .
viiiuu ui c- per annum. ' .According
iu mo ruies iiuti regulations ot the de
partnietit it was tho duty of tho In-
spectors to examine all bills of goodi
ior doming iiircnaBcd dunni? tho venr
and to seu that this requirement of tho
liw was complied with.
Upon ati examination of tho cloth
ing vouchers for tho year which ended
iiiny .ti, ioo,, it appears that this man
dato has been nracticallv hrnore.l nml
that the children as well as tho State
have been grossly wronged.
Hills aineunting to 2,889.19 for
olothing bought in other years have
been improperly charged against tho
year 188.). Although thostatement of
tho clothing account of ono of tho
Bohools win approved by tho malo In.
spector on tho 18th day of Mav, 1885,
it included bills dated thirteen davs
subsequent to the date of that approval.
Vouchers amounting to $1,802 90 and
dated subsequent to tho date of tho
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Yearly advertisements payable quarterly. Tran
slent advertlsementB must be paid for before In.
sorted except where panics havo accounts.
Legal advertisements two dollars per Inch for
three Insertions, and at that rato for additional
insertions without reference to length.
Executor's, Administrator's, and Auditor's o
tires three dollars.
Transient or I-ocal notices, ten cents a line, reg
ular advertisements half rates.
Cards In the "Iiuslnew Ulrectory" column," on
dollar a year for each line.
5 Ml 7 l
8 00 14 00
UOO 20 00 40 ra
male Inspector's approval appear in tfie
sworn statements. V qucliors amount
ing to $2,798.28 also appear, in tho
sworn statements though anted subse
quent to tlio dates of affidavits taken
by school malingers.
Unreceipted bills amounting to $1,
090.03 havo also been accepted as
Vouchers, passed upon bv tho malo in
spector and accepted by tho Superin
tendent. ,
Additional vouchers to tbo amount
of S5.493.78 wero receipted subse
quent to the dato of tho male Inspect-
ora approval on sworn statements.
Vouchera for $2,512.12 wero receipted
subsequent to the dates of tho affida
vits ot tho school Principals, of which
amount, $1,019.09 was receipted for
niter too close ui tho school year to
which charged.
Although tho regulations require tho
examination of all bills by tho Inspect
ors, tho femalo Inspector approved bills
tor isai.JUM.'jo out ot a total of S47.-
70G.74. Thu male Inspector approved
only $12,838.82 of this total, but the
whole sum was passed by tho Superin
tendent without a full compliance with
tlio regulation of tho Department. Of
tho bills not properly chargeable to the
year which ended May 31, 1885, tho
femalo Inspector approved vouchers
amounting to $155.31. and the male .
Inspector approved vouchors pf the
same class amounting to$l,GG0.81.
There were bills lor S1.H98.03 made
out by principals or managers toe sup
plies not properly vouched for and
there wero discounts lor for 157.55
which wero allowed by dealers and
which so appeared on the vouchers.
The allowance, however, was tnaiked
out on tho face of the bills aud the
State was charged for more than the
school manager really paid out.
It is shown that at tour ot the
cliools the State paid for 050 pairs of
stockings that were not furnished to
tuu children. In the samu category
there are 149 hats, caps and hoods.
5,151 collars, gloves and mittens, 100
pairs of boots and shoes, 123 jackets,
and 03 pairs of pantaloons. Some of
the school managers claim to have dis
tributed 1,032 handkerchiefs of whicli
no trace can bo lonnd in the vouchers.
Dills lor bridge tolls and expenses of
trips to Philadelphia have been accept
ed from one of tho schools as repre
senting part of the value of the cloth-
tig received by each child.
The issue rolls which showed the
distribution of clothing to each child,
and which served measurably to pro
tect tho orphan as wpII as to check tho
manager, was on Ootobor 1, 1884,
abolished by the Superintendent for
reasons which are not satisfactory. At
the samo time the allowance 'of the
department for tho making of clbthing
were changed, and while reductions
were made on some items thrre was an
increased price fixed for making Sun
day dresses. Part of tho work thus
charged lor was done by thn children
of the schools, and tho State was
thereby forced to pay to the managers
tor tho labor ot the children whom It
was sustaining. At two of the schools
it was admitted that tho childtcn wero
not receiving tho amount of clothing
which tho law entitled them lo. Prior
to tho year 1885, the Soldiers' Orphans'
Institute ot Philadelphia did not make
any return ot its expenditures ior
Slothing, though the femalo Inspector
was l'residont ot the Hoard ot Man
agers of that school.
A system that permits ot the farm
ng out of childien to school managers
at a given price per head is radically
wrong and necessarily productive of
evil results.
Tho surroundings of tho ownership,
management and official supei intend
ence of tho schools aro suspicions. A.
combination of four men owned or
managed four of tho schools. Tho
Chief Clerk in the Depaittnent ot Sol
diets' Orphans' Schools was pecuniarily
interested in two of tho schools, and
while so interested, remained m office,
until January last, resigning then with
a certificate of tlio highest character
t rot 1 1 tho superintendent, lo whom this
pecuniary interest was lully known.
One of the Inspecto s was a stock
holder in a school Thu combination,
or syndioato of ownern, seems to have
had tho favor of the Department, and
undoubtedly received a larger number
of orphans into its Hohouls limn wero
sent to other schools. Tho syndicate
schools wero often overcrowded while
other schools had a less number ot
children than I hey could accommodate.
The State Superintendent is authorized
to contract with thu xchools for the
care of lliuoiphaiis at not twre than
$150 per annum for each child over 10
years of age and $115 for each child
under 10 years of age, lhcso maxi
mum Bums were always paid and no
attempt seems to have been made to
ascertain the amount actually expended
uy me schools lor et.cn child
the act ot 18'i7 empowers aud au
thorizes die Superintendent to contract
with School Principals for tho main
tenance of soldiers' oiphans. No con
tracts were made excepting in one in
stance. Sectiou 7 ot the same act sets
f oi tli that tho contract mado by tho
Superintendent shall bo "characterized
aliko by a wise economy and by a iiist
regard for services rendered. Tho
management shows a disregard of this
wholesome provision, and has undoubt
edly given rise to tho abuses which this
uvestigation has developed.
Tno profits which tho combination
of owners derived wero enormous.
reaching to a fabulous percentage on
the capital Invested. So profitable had
the business becomo that some of tho
owners or their agents wero paving
premiums to persons recruiting or
phans ior the schools. Tho entire sys
tem shows inhuman greed, speculation
and heartless bargiining in the charity
of the fctato. The laws have been re
laxed and disobeyed. Salutary regu
lations havu been abrogated. Officials
have been blind and uiifaithlul. Neg
lect or incompetenco wherever found
tended invariably to einich a fow speo
ulntoiB in orphan misery.
A sadder or inoro shameful story of
deliberate human cruelty could not bo
exhibited, Making allowance for somo
overstatement or inaccuracy m wit
nesses, and giving due consideration to
tho possibility of errors of judgment
or abuse of contidenoe reposed, yet tho
weight of the facts is suoh ns to leave
no doubt that the bounty of the State
has been wasted and misappropriated,
that thu Commonwealth has been de
frauded by dihhoneBt and crafty specu
lators, and that many of the unfortti.
unto orphans hive been in a worse con
, .coNiisriiiiTjs t infill pauk 1
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sm in
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