4
THE COLUMBIAN,
OLCMWA nMOCBAT, STAR OI TUB NORTH ANDCOLUM
MANCONSOUDATIB.)
Issued weekly, every Friday morning, nt
lll,OOM8IIUH(i; Columbia county i'a.
Two.nou.ABS per year, payabla In advance, or
during tunyoar. Alter tbo expiration of tho year
I2.M will bo ehargoil. - To subscribers out of tho
entmtv tho term mo tfl ner venr. Mtrirtivtn nt...
-M li If not paid In advauco and IM If payment bo.
No piper discontinued, except at tho option of th
publishers, until all arrearage) are paid, but long
continued credits after tho expiration of tho first
year will not bo given,
All.vapors sent out of the stato or to distant post
offices must bo paid for In advance, unless n respon
sible person In Columbia county assumes to pay the
Bubscrlptlon duo on demand,
. fostaui: Is no longer exacted from subscribers In
ho county,
job miisrTinsra-.
Tno Jobbing Department of the Columbian Is vor
complcto, and our J b Printing will comparo tarora
y with that of tho largo cities. All work dono on
mand, neatly and at moderate prices.
Columbia County Official Diroctory.
I'rcsldcnt Judge-Wllllam EIwcll.
Associate Judges-, K Krlckbaum, P. L. shuman.
I'rothonotary, Ac II. Frank Zarr.
court stenographer 9. N, Walker.
teglster K Itecorder Williamson II, Jacoby.
District Attorney John M. Clark,
Sherirr John w. HotTman.
Siirvov or Isaac Dewltt.
Treasurer Dr. II, W. Mcltcynolds.
Commissioners John llerner, s. W. Mcnenry,
Joseph Sands.
Connnlssloncrs'Clerk William Krlckbaum.
Audltors-M. V. 11. Kline, J. li. Casey, K.li. Crown.
coroner Charles (l.Murrhv.
Jury commissioners-Jacob II. Fritz, William II.
Ult.
countv Suporlntcndent-Wllllam 11. Snyder.
Bloom Poor District-Directors o. 1'. Knt, Scolt,
Win. Kramer, Iiloomsburg and Thomas ltcece,
Jcoit, o. 1'. Knt, secretary.
Bloomsburg Official Directory.
Bloomsburg flanking Company John A. Funston,
President, II. H.uro'z, Cashier.
Firs Na'lonal Bank Charles n. I'axton, President
J. I'. Tustln, cashier.
Columbia County Mutual Saving Fund and Loan
Assoclatlon-K. H. Little, rrcsldenl, c. W. Miller,
Secretary.
Iiloomsburg Building and Saving Fund Association
-Win. Peacock, President, J. I). Koklson, becrelary.
Bloomsburg Mutual Saving Fund Assoclai Ion J.
J. Brower, President, C. (1. Uarkley, Secretary.
CHURCH DIRECTORY.
BAPTIST CI1CRCII.
Itev. J. P. Tustln, (Supply.)
Sunday services liijtf a. m. and cys p. tn.
Sunday school 9 a. m.
Prayer Meeting Kvery Wednesday evening at cjtf
clock.
soma free. Tho public are Invited to attend.
ST. MATTHEW'S t.UTnRRAN CnURCII.
Minister llev. J. McCron.
Sunday Services lOtf a. m. and KP- m.
Sunday School On. m.
I'rav cr Meoilng Every Wednesday evening at 6)4
clock.
Heats f rco. No pews rent ed. All are welcome.
PRESBYTERIAN CnCBCH.
Minister nor. Stuart MHihcll.
Sunday Services lux a. in. and 6 P- m.
Sunday School 9 a. m.
Prayer Meoilng Every Wednesday evening at an
o'clock.
Beats free. No pows rented. Strangers welcome.
METnOOlST episcopal cncRcn.
Presiding nider Itcv. N. S. Buckingham.
Minister Her. J. s. McMurray.
Sunday Services lnjf and CJtf p. m.
sundav School 2 p. m.
Bible Class Kverv Monday evenlngatc)tf o'clock.
Voting Men's l'raver Meoilng Kvery Tuesday
evening nt o'clock.
General Prayer Meetlng-Every Thursday evening
7 o'clock.
REFORMED CHURCII.
Corner of Third and Iron streets,
pastor iter. o. I). Hurler,
itestdcnce Central Hotel.
Sunday Services 10 a. m. and T p. rn.
sundav school 9 a. m.
Prayer Meeting Saturday, 7 p. m.
All are invited Thcro Is always room.
ST. PAUL'S CHCRCn.
Hector Her L. Zahner.
Sunday Services ui a. m., 7tf p. m.
Sunday school 9 a. m.
First Sunday In the month, Holy Communion.
Services preparatory to Communion on Friday
evening bofuro tho st Sunday In each month.
Pews rented; but everybody welcome.
ErANORLICAL CHURCH.
Presiding Klder-llov. A. L. Itecser.
Minister Iter. J. A. Irvlno.
Sunday sorvlco 3 p. in., In the Iron Street Church.
l'ruv er Meellng-Ecry sabbath at a p. m.
All are Invited. All aro welcome.
TnK cnuRcii or cnRisr.
Meets In "the llttlo Brick Church on the hill,"
known as tho Welsh Baptist Church on nock street
east or Iron.
Itegular meeting for worship, every Lord's day af
ternoon at Stf o'clock.
scats free s and tho public aro cordially Invited to
attend.
BLOOMSBURO DIRECTORY.
QCIIOOL ORDERS, blank, just printed nnd
Tj neatly bound In small books, on hand and
for sale at tho Columbian omce. Feb. IB, lsis-tt
TVLANK DEEDS, on Parchment and Linen
I J Paper, common and tor Admlnlsi rators, Fjcccu
Curs and trustees, for aalo cheap at tho Columbian
omce. '
TTARRlAOE CERTIFICATES iust printed
1VL and for sale at tho Columbian orttcc. Minis
ters uf the Uospel and Justices should supply them
Belvcs with these necessary articles.
JUSTICES and Constables' Fee-Hills for sale
nt tho Columbian ortlce. They contain tho cor
rected fees as established by the last Act of the Leg
slaturoupon tho subject. Kvery Justice and con
stable should have one.
"ENDUE NOTES just printed and for sale
V cheap at tho Columbian ofllce,
BOOTS AND SHOES.
J 71 M. KNORR, Dealer in Roots and Shoes,
ll . latest and best styles, cornerMaln andMarket
streets, In tho old post omce.
CLOCKS, WATCIIKS, &C.
CE. SAVAGE, Dealer in Clocks, Watches
. and Jewelry, Main St., Just below the Central
PROFESSIONAL CA11DS.
Q(l, BARKLEf, Attomey-nt-Law. Office
, in Brower's building, 2nd story, Booms 4 4 5.
.1. IS, '75.
DR. WM.M. REHER, Surgeon and Phyi
clan, onico H. U. corner Hock andMarket
streets.
T R. EVANS, M. D., Surgeon and Physi
I . clan, (Onice and Residence on Third street,
corner Jefferson.
B. McKELVY, M. D., Surgeon and Phy
sician, north side Main street, below Market.
" B. ROBISON, Attorncr-at-Law. Office
. m llartman'a building-, Main street.
H.
ROSENSTOCK, Photographer,
Clark & Wolf's Store, MalnBtreet,
MISCELLANEOUS.
D
AVID LOWENBERG, Merchant Tailor
Main St., aoove central noui.
8. KUHN, dealer iu Meat, Tallow, etc.,
. centre Bireci, between beconu ana - uira.
HEN YOU WANT A FIRST-CLASS
SHAVE or anything In tho TO.NbOHIAL LINK
gu iu
JAMES HEILLY'S BAUBEIt SHOP,
THE BEST IN TOWN,
Under Exchange Hotel, Bloomsburg, Pa.
Oct. 13, 1i-
CATAWISSA.
w
"M. H. ABBOTT, Attorney-at-Law, Main
"W7"M. L, EYERLY,
ATTO IINE y-AT-LAW,
Catawlssa, I'a.
Collections promptly made and remitted. Ofllce
uvjahuuj uuuiwuum Liepwui. JJIUIK. .Ul-OS
To the Working CIa.. We aro now prepared to
furnish all clasbes with constant employment at
home, tbo whole of Uie time, or for llielr spare mo
ments. Business new, light and profitable. Persons
of either sex easily earn from to cents to (5 per
evening, and a proportional sum by devoting their
whole lima to the business. Boys and glrla earn
nearly as much as men. That all who boo this notice
may Bend their address, and Lest, the buslnoes we
make this unparalled offer. To such as are not well
sutured we will send one dollar to pay for tho
trouble of writing. Full particulars, samples worm
ev era! dollars to eommenco work on. and a conr of
Home and Fireside, one of the largest and best
Illustrated Publications, all sent free by in all. Head
er. It you want permanent, protltablo work, adaress
Kept, 8, -TS.-lim.
Babcock & Wyeth's Ads
1
Is taken Internally, and Posltlrrly Cures Itheuma.
JV holesale and Hjtull DrugfUts everywhere, send
-viuvuiui iu.
HELPIIENST1NK HENTLKY.
Urugglsts, ashtngton, V,
. Oct, e, IC.-ly, B A; w
PATEN T S.
F. A. Uuuumn,fco!lcltor of American andFore'gn
Patents, WashlLgton, L, C, All bUblneBs connected
with Patents, whither Lefore the I'alent Ofllco or
the Courts, promptly attended to. Nochargamado
uileuj a patent Is secured, bend for a circular,
jaay,'IMf b w
o:iiiwllT'E41tor!ndPropri,Ur,.
BUSINESS CARDS,
jyn. J. C. RUTTER,
rilYSICIAN & sunaEON,
ornce, North Market street,
, Bloomsburg, rn.
Mar.sT,74-
E. ORVIS,
ATTOHNKY.AT.T.AW.
Sept.'is wSm N" "C"ur"l,lan" Building.
s
AMUEL KNORR.
A T T 0 It N E Y-A T-L A W,
BLooMsnunn. pa.
nniw n.rim.n'u mt. ........
StrCCtS Off. (,. r,.
Q W.MILLER,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW
onico In Brower's building, second floor, room No.
Bloomsburg, Pa. Julyl,73
N, U. (CKK. L.E. WALLER.
FUNK .1 WALLER,
Att or n ey ri t Ltvvv,
BLOOMSBURG, PA.
Ofllce In Columbian Bcii.niNo. Jan. t, ',7-ly
c
1 R. & W. J. BUCKALEW,
ATTOItNEYS-AT-LAW,
Bloomsburg, Pa.
omco on Main Street, nrst door below court Houso
Mar.,'74
V. it J. M. CLARK,
ATI OKNEYS-AT-LAW,
Bloomsburg, Pa.
April 10,'H '
Office In Ent s Building.
T? 1'. BILLMEYER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Office Adjoining C. H. ft W. J. Buckalew.
Bloomsburg, To.
Apr. U,1t.
II. LITTLE. ROU'T. K. LITTLE.
II. A R. R. LITTLE,
All Ultrt Uil S-AT-LAW,
Bloomsburg, Pa.
rWBusIness before tho U. S. Patent omce attended
to. onico In tho Columbian Building, as
JgROCKWAY & ELWELL,
A 1 TU it JH K 1 S-A T-L, A W,
Columbian builoino, Bloomsburg, Pa.
CMcmbers of tho United states Law Association.
ollcctlons made In any part of America or Europe.
"yiLLIAM BRYSON,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Centralia, Pa.-
Fb 19, '70.
MISCELLANEOUS.
H 0 W E L L,
U lii IN 'J.' 1S T.
Ofllce In llartman'a Block, second floor, corner
Main and Market Streets,
BLOOMSBUBO, PA.
May !0 ly.
BROWN'S HOTEL, Bloomsburp, Pa., B.
Stohncr, Proprietor. Accommodations flrst-
lass. i i.za in ji.ou per uuy. jicBiauiuubukuiciii-ut
ucLouero, io-ii
PI M. DRINKER, GUN and LOCKSMITH.
sewing Machines and Machinery of all kinds re
paired. Opera House Building, Bloomsburg, Fa.
17 J.TIIORNTUM
Pj. would annoanco to the citizens of Blooms
burg and vicinity that ho has Just received a lull and
coaipieiu assortment, ii
WALL PAPER, WINDOW SHADES,
FIXTURES, CORDS, TASSELS,
and all other goods In his line of business. All the
newest anu must uppruveu pnut-rus vi uie uuy are
always to bo found In his establishment, Main street,
below Market. oct, S-ls
-yiLLIAM Y. KICSTER,
MiUiCJirlAJNX 'X'AIJ-.Olt
corner of Main and West Ftreets, three doors below
J. K. K) i'i 's store, Bloomsburg, Pn.
All orders nroraDtly attended to and satisfaction
guaranteed.
Apru xi, ii-tr
F
REAS BROWN'S INSURANCE AGEN
CY, Exchange notel, Bloomsburg, Pa.
CaDltal.
Etna, Ins Co., of nartford, Connecticut... ,6uo,iKo
Liverpool, London and Olobe 20,i,ono
Hoyalot Liverpool 13 soo.ooo
Lancanshlre 10,000,' oil
riii)AiMw.inuuu, ruiwuciyumi..- ........ e,.uu,uuu
Atlas of Hartford mo.oiio
Farmers Mutual or Danvuio 1,000,01x1
Danville Mutual 76,lxi
Home, New York. 5,io,ooo
Commercial Union 17,000,000
tl7S,68,000
March tt,n-j
THE UNDERSIONED, representing several
of the most connervatlvn and reliable Ameri
can Flro Insurance Companies, would beg leave to
offer his services to the cltlzenH of Bloomsburg and
vicinity, requesting a reasonable share of the public
paironage.
Bloomsburg,July 18, 187.
onice In Brower's Block.
Julyn
J. H, MAIZE'S
MAM1YIOTH
GROCERY
contains the largest stock of
TEAS. QBOCEBIES
Qaeensware, Glassware, Woitaare,
Canned rruits. Dried rrnits,
CONFECTIONERIES, Ac.
to be found In Columbia county.
A Complete AHsorlnicut
always on hand. Call and examine.
Jan 1.1H7.
"YAINWRIQHT & CO.,
VVUULJU3A1.1S UKUCittlS,
N. B. Corner Sccendand Arch Btreejs,
PuiLACiLrniA
Dealers tn
TEAS, SYHUrS, COFFEE, SUOAH, MOLASSES
1ICI, IrlCXS, 1ICAX1 BOOA, CO., to.
tv-ordcrs will roceive prompt attention.
It.
PATENTS.
FEE REDUCED ENTIRE COST 55,
Patent onice fee t3ft In advance, balance $) within s
months after patent allowed. Adilco and examina
tion tree, ratenis sold.
J, VANCI! LEWIS k CO.,
May 4, 'H7-3m ) w co Washington, D. C,
Al'U, L.KAUB. JNO. K.CVUIER. C1US, B. KDWABOS,
WM. It. IIAOEN11UCH,
WITH
Kituli, Fryuilrr EdwurdN,
(Successors to Benedict Doney Sons, m Market
Importers and dealers in
CIIINA, OLATS AND QUEENSWARE,
ta Market Street, J'lmadelphla.
ConBtanUy on band Oilglnaland ASMirtKlJUcJcagea
junew, Tl-iy
THE ELECTORAL FRAUD.
JUDar. J. B. BLACK, EXCOBIATCS Tim IN
FAMOUS COMMISSION.
In tho Korlh American Itcvkw for July,
Judge Jeremlnh S. Black appears a tho con
tributor of an articlo entitled "Tho Elector
al Conspiracy,'' which is by nil odds tho
most complete, eloquent, nnd xcathlng ox
nostiro that has yet been mado of tho fraud
by which Rutherford II. Hnyei wat foisted
into the Presidential chair. Wo regret that
our spaco will not permit m to reprint it In
lull, anil that wo mint confine ourselves- to
the most striking passages.
After briefly adverting to the indignation
felt by honest men throughout the country
at tho great outrage, upon the righU of
tho people, Judgo Black proceeds to depict
the condition of affairs in tho State of Lou
isiana previom to tho Presidential election.
First, he describes the carpet-bagger :
what Tiin c'AF.prrr-BAnnr.r. u.
The peoplo would not havo been wholly
crushed, either by tho soldier or the negro,
if.both had not been used to fasten upon
them tho domination of another class of
persons whoso rule was altogether unendura
ble. These wo call carpet-baggers, not be-
causo the word is descriptive or euphonious,
but becauso they have no other name where
by they aro known among tho children of
men, They wero unprincipled adventurers,
who sought their fortunes iu tho South by
hindering tho disarmed and defenceless
people ; somo of them wero tho dregs of
tho Federal army tho meanest of tho camp
followers; many wero fugitives from Northern
justice ; the best of them wero those who
went down after tho peace, ready for any
deed of shamo that was safe and profitable.
These, combining with n few treacherous !
'hcalawags" and somo leading negroes to
serve as decoys for tho rest, and backed by
ho power of the general Government, be
came the strongest body of thieves that ever
pillaged a people. Their moral grado was
far lower, and yet they were much more
powerful, than the robber bands that infest
ed Germany after tho close of tho Thirty
dears' war. They swarmed over all the
States from the Potomac to the Gulf, and
ettlcd in hordes, not with intent to remain
there, but merely to feed on the substance of
a prostrate and defenceless people. They
took whatever came within their reach, in
truded themselves into all private corpora-
lions, assumed the functions of all ofliccs,
ncludiug the courts ofjustice, and in many
places they even "run tho churches." By
force and fraud they cither controlled all
elections or else prevented elections from be
ing held. They returned sixty of themselves
to one Congress, and ten or twelve of the
most ignorant and venal among them were
at the same time thrust into the Senate.
This false representation of a people by
strangers and enemies who had not even a
bona fide residence among them was tho
bitterest of all mockeries. Thero was no
show of truth or honor about it. Tho pre
tended representative was always ready to
vote for any measure that would oppress and
enslavo bis so-called constituents ; his hos
tility was unconcealed, and ho last no oppor
tunity to do them inqury.
U18 HLhCENT UPON LOUISIANA.
The agricultural and commercial wealth of
Louisiana made her a strong temptation to
tho carpet-baggers. Those vultures snuffed
the prey from afar ; and, as soon as tho war
was over, they swooped down upon her in
flocks that darkened the air. The State was
delivered into their hands by the military
authorities; but the officers imposed snmo re
straints upon their lawless cupidity. They
hniled with delight the advent of negro suf
frage, because to them it was merely a le
galized- method of stufllue the ballot-box,
and they stuffed it. Thenceforth, nnd down
to a very recent period, they gorged them
selves , Ithout let or hindrance.
The depredations they committed wero
frightful. They appropriated, on one pre
tence and another, whatever they could lay
their hands on, and then pledged to them
selves tho credit of tho State for uncounted
millions more. Tho public securities ran
down to half price, and still they put their
fraudulent bonds on the market anil sold
them for what they would fetch. The own
ers of the best real estate in town or country
were utterly impoverished, because the bur
dens upon it were heavier than the rents
would discharge. During tho last ten years
the city of New Orleans paid in the form of
Jirect taxes more than the estimated value
of all the property within her limits, and
still has n debt of equal amount unpaid, It
is not likely that other parts of the State
suffered less. The extent of their Fpoliations
can hardly bo calculated, but the testimony
of the carpet-baggers themselves against one
another, tho reports of committees sent by
Congress to investigate the subject-, and
other information from sources entirely au
thentic, make it safe to say that a general
conflagration, sweeping over all the State
from one end to tho other, and destroying
every building and every articlo of personal
property, would have been a visitation of
mercy In comparison to the curso of such
a Government.
TUB INVENTIVF.NF.fi8 OF WOUNIHinLlbM,
This may seem at first blush liko gro.s ex
aggeration.because it is worse than anything
that misrule ever did before. The greediest
of Roman proconsuls left something to the
provlnees they wasted ; the Norman did not
strip the Saxon nulte to (ho skin ; the Puri
tans under Cromwell did not utterly desolate
Ireland. I heir rapacity was confined to tho
visible things which they could presently
handle and use. They could not take what
did not exist. Hut the American carpet
bagger has an invention unknown to those
old-fashioned robbers, which Increases his
stealing power .as much as the steam engine
adds to the mechanical forco of mere natural
muscles. Ho makes negotiable bonds of tho
State, signs and seals them "according to
tho fnrms of law," sells them, converts tho
proceeds to his own use, nnd then defies
justice "to go behind the returns." By this
device his felonious fingers are made long
enough to reach Into the pockets of posterity;
ho lays his Hen on property yet uncreated ;
he anticipates tho labor of coming ages and
appropriates the fruits of It In advance; he
coins tho Industry of future generations Into
cash, and snatches the Inheritance from
children whose fathers are unborn. Pro'
jectlng his cheat forward by this contrivance
and operating laterally nt tho same time, he
gathers au amount of plunder which no
country In the world would have yielded to
the Goth or tho Vandal,
BLOOMSBURGr, PA.,
THE BEION OF ANARCHY.
Socurityof life can never bo counted on
whero property Is not protected. When tho
public authorities wink upon theft the peo
plo aro driven by stress of sheer necessity to
defend themselves tho best way they can,and
that defence is apt to bo aggressively violent.
Justice, Infuriated by popular passion, often
comes to Its victims in n fearful shape. Dis
orders, therefore, there must havo been, and
bloodshed and violence, and loss of life,
though they are not enumerated, or clearly
described in tbo reports. It is known that
bands of "regulators" traversed many parts
of the State, and the fact Is established that
seven of tho storehouses used as places of re
ceiving stolon goods wero burnt to tho ground
in one night. The officers of tho carpet
bag government "cared for nono of theso
things." They saw the struggle between
larceny and Lynch law with as much Indlf
ferenceas Galllo looked upon tho controversy
between the Jewish synagogue and the
Christian church at Epbesus. This horriblo
condition of society wns caused solely by
the want of an honest government.
But this is not nearly tho worst of it, if
carpet-taggers themselves and their special
friends are worthy of nny credence nt nil,
They testify to numerous other murders,
wanton, unprovoked, and ntrocious, com
mitted with impunity under the very eyes of
their Government. Gen. Sheridan says ho
collected a list of 4,000 assassinations per
petrated within three years. Senator Slier
man and his associates of the visiting com
mittee swell this number greatly, and add
that "half tho Stato was overrun with vio
lence." No effort was mado to repress theso
disorders or punish the criminals. Nobody
wns hung, nobody arrested. The murderers
ran at largo ; tho victims fell at the awful
average of about four every day, ami tho
public officers. quietly assented to let "tho
rifle, the knife, the pistol, and tho ropn do
their horrid work" without interruption.
,Vre such men fit to govern a free State ?
'Fit to govern 1 No, not to live."
Tin: nr.NF.iis or Tiin uktornino iioahd.
The wretched system of enrpet-bag gov
ernment could not possibly last. From the
first it had no.real support, The native peo
ple and the lionet immigrants, who went
there for purposes of legitimate business,
held it in abhorrence, and the negroes wero
not long in finding out that it was n sham
and a snare. As early as 1S70, and before
that, the handwritirg was seen on tho wall
which announced that n large and decisive
majority of all the' votes, black and white,
had determined to break up this den of
thieves. They niust therefore prepare for
Might or punishment, unless they could con1
trive n wny of defeatiug the popular will
whenever and however it should be expressed.
Then tho Returning Board was invented.
This was n machine entirely new, with
powers never before given to any tribunnal
in any State. Its object was not to return,
but to suppress, tho votes of the qualified
electors.or change them to suit the occasion.
By'the terms of the law it can exclude, sup
press, annihilate all the votes of n parish
for violence, intimidation, or fraud, which
it finds to havo been committed nnd adjudges
to havo materially influenced tho result of
tho poll. This is judicial authoiltyso broad
that no count would consent to exercise it
inflicting tho fearful penalty of disfranchise
ment upon thousands nt once, without n
hearing and without legal evidence, not for
nny offence of their own, but for the suppos
ed sin of others over whom they confessedly
have no control. Of courso it is in direct
conflict with the State Constitution, which
declares that all judicial power shall he vest
ed in certain ordained and established courts
and forbids it to be used even by them, ex
cept upon trial before a jury, and convic
tion nn thn testimony of credible witnesses
confronted by the accused and cross-examined
by counsel. It is, besides, a most insol
ent affront to tbo fundamental principles of
all elective government, for it makes the
poll of the people n mero mockery, which
lecides nothing except what the Reluming
Board is pleased to approve, and elects
nobody whom tho Returning Board
does not graciously favor. Its pow
er to veto a popular vote extends to all elec
tions, for every clas of officers, judicial,
legislative, ministerial, and executive, in
eluding electors of President and Vice-President.
HOW IT DID ITS WOltK.
Tho board consisted of five persons. They
were originally appointed by a carpet-bag
Senate, without end of their tenure and with
power to fill vacancies, which made them n
close corporation and gave them perpetual
succession. To put on pome show of fairness,
the law required that all parties should be
represented. This was nt first thought to be
met by the appointment of one Democrat,
but when a deed of more than common base
ness was to be done, tho Democrat was got
rid of, nnd theotber four.desiring to work In
secret, refused to fill his place.
This suppressing board did its work thor
oughly from the start. It was never known
to falter. Since its first organization in 1S70
the majority of the whole people has been
decidedly against the carpet-baggers nt every
election. But tho board always intercepted
the returns, and fo nltered them as to make
a majority tho other way. Kellogg was a
candidate for Governor ; he was largely de
feated, but tho board certified him elected.
The certificate was bo glaringly false
that carpet-baggers themselves would not
help to install him, and Democrats deter
mined to assert their rights. It was then
that Gen, Grant, to tho unspeakable shame
of tho nation, lifted him into office on the
bayonets of the army. Afterward the outrag
ed peopleroso in revolutionary wrath, drove
him to shelter in the Custom House, and in
augurated the man tboyhad lawfully elect
ed. Again the President made war on the
State, and restored the usurper tn the place
which did not belong to him. The Demo
crats regularly elected a majority of the Leg
islature; as regularly the Returning Board
certified a majority of their seats to carpet
baggers or scalawags or negroes not chosen;
and when the true members met tn organize
for business the army was punctually on hand
to tumble them out of their hall.
AVPI.IKII TO TIIK PRESIDENTIAL EI.r.fTION.
Tho election camo off on tho proper day,
supervised and controlled at ever' polling
place by officers of tho carpet-bag interest.
According to their own count, tho result was
a majority of 7,039 for the Tilden electors,
It has never yet licen denied that this majori
ty was mado up of ballots cast by citizens le
gully qualified, Tho voto was regularly taken
and lironcrlv counted, and a true record if it
made in ixryttuun rti manuriam. These
111 1 11111 1 1 1 '1 11
P lit f IIP MIL
FRIDAY, JULY 13.
fncts being undisputed, it follows that tho
Tilden electors wero duly appointed, if tho
people of tho Stato havo tho appointing pow
er, which they certainly Iiavo,utilcss tho Con
stitution and tho statuto book aro not to Ijo
relied on.
But tho opponents of Tilden and Hen
dricks determined that the record of tho ap
pointment mado by tho pcoplo should bo mu
tilated and changed so as to make it appear
ns if electors for Hayes and Wheeler had
been chosen. They pretended to believe that
violence and intimidation had frightened tho
African Hayes men from tho polls, and that
their cownrdieo ought to bo visited, in tho
form of disfranchisement, on tho heads of
others who had intrepidity enough to perform
their political duty, Tho allegation was ut
terly false. It was not only without evidence
to sustain it, but in tho face of overwhelming
proof to tho contrary. All tho places of reg
istration and voting wero guarded by the
creatures of the Federal and State administra
tions, superintendent!!, commissioners, deputy
marshals, and .soldiers-, and all of thes said
that the elections wero pcaccablo and free.
Indeed, it is literally impossible that any in
timidation or violence could havo liecn prac
tised. No sensible person ever gave credit to
it for a moment. Notwithstanding much
mental anxiety about the result, various rea
sons combined to mako the election in Louis
iana probably tho most quiet and undisturbed
in tho Union.
Till'. CHAP.ACTI'.R OF ITS MRMBRRS.
The personnel of the board justified tho
faith of the carpet-baggers and their allies.
If tho evidence concerning its members be
rightly reported by tho investigating com
mittee, they were marked out by the history
ol their previous lives, noted and signed to
do any deed of shame which might bo re
quired at their hands. Wells was a Custom
Houso officer at New Orleans, and ono of
tho worst of that bad lot ; a delaultcr to the
State of long standing, without character for
integrity or veracity, and for thirty years re
garded as unworthy to be trusted. Ander
son's character for honesty was equally bad;
ho had earned it iu part by aiding while ho
was a Senator to put up a fraudulent job
upon tho State, and taking tho iniquitous
proceeds to himself. Of tho two mulalties,
one was indicted lor larceny, and, after ad
milting his guilt, was allowed to escape pun
ishment, nnd promptly taken into the board.
The other was too ignorant to know his
duty, but his testimony showed such indif
ference to the obligations of an oath that he
was deemed as safe for the carpet-baggers as
either of his colleagues.
They comprehended tho situation, saw
the difficulty of the work beforo them, and
resolved to make it pay iu something better
than mere promises of "recognition," how
ever "generous and ample." Wells, who
was their spokesman in privato as in public,
wrote in strict confidence to n carpet-bag
Senator then at Washington a letter which
being condensed into plain English, means
this: "There's millions in it. See our
friends and act promptly. Buy us imme
diately or we will sell out to the other side.
Talk freely to the gentleman who presents
this ; he knows the moves," To tbo bearer
of the letter he explained that it was very
inrd work to count in tho Republican can
didate the Democratic majority was too
arge to handle he wanted to servo his par
ty, but he would not tako this job without
compensation ; he must havo "200,000
apiece for himself and Anderson, and a
smaller sum for tho niggers." On this basis
le authorized his ambassador at Washing
ton to negotiate with the Republican man
agers. At the same timo he was offering
himself at New Orleans to' the Democrats,
at first for half a million, hut afterward pro
posed that he would leave in enough votes
to elect Mr. Nicholls (Democratic candi
date for Governor) if $200,000 cash were
first placed in his hands.
TIIKIII VIOLATIONS OP TIIF. STATUTi:.
The action of tho returning officers in
this whole business was unsupported by le
gal authority. The Legislature of the State
did not, because it could not, give them
power to disfranchise qualified electors.
They lacked, therefore, the general jurisdic
tion which they assumed. But that is not
all ; they proceeded in tho very teeth even
of tlie void statuto which they professed to
follow. That statute pretends to give them
no such authority as they exercised, over
any return to which a protest or statement
or charge of intimidation is not attached
when It is sent in by tho Supervisor of Reg
istration or the Commissioner of Election,
and the chargo so attached to tho return
must be supported by the affidavits of three
citizens of the proper parish.
Wanting this, tho board was absolutely
without the pretence of power to touch the
return from any parish or polling place, ex
cept for the purpose of compiling it and aM
ding it as true to the others. By tho elec
tion law of Louisiana the board has no more
authority to examine or decide a question
of intimidation which is not raised by the
election officers than a privato individual
would have to steal it from the records and
burn it. So stands tho law. Tho fact is
established by conclusive evidence that from
every one of tlie Democratic parishes the
turns came up without any charge.statcment
or protest, In all those cases they were
therefore without color of jurisdiction.
I'OIKlINll AFFIDAVITS AND RETURNS.
But the conspirators could not afford to
be balked of their game by the failure of
the local officers to make a false charge of
ntlmldatlon. These votes must be exclu
ded per fan aut nffas, and tho Returning
Board must do it ; that was what the board
was mado for. The returning officers went
upon the principal aut iwtniam aut faciam.
They made the protests which they could
not find; affidavits which no creature In tho
parishes was base enough to back -with his
oath were fabricates) in the Custom House,
and used by tho board witli a full knowl
edge that they were mere counterfeits. Tho
exclusion of returns on the ground of intiin
Idation was in every case dishonest, for In
none was there n particle of evidence to jus
tify It. When nothing else would serve the
purpose, they did not scruple a resort to
plain forgery. Of the return from Vernon
parish every figure on tho whole broad
sheet was altered with elaborate pains under
the special direction of Wells. Perjury and
subornation of perjury entered largely into
the business, There Is hardly any species
of the crimen faki for which the law has a
punishment that did not become an elemen
tary part of the great fraud which was com
roitted when the defeated electors and State
officers of Ioulslana were falsely certified as
chosea by the ieople.
1877.
rnriDEST grant's complicity.
Another question arises here, which the
Muse of History may answer at her leisure i
Is there any justification of Gen. Grant's
conduct In this business? Within two or
three days nftor the election it became per
fectly well known to the whole country that
in Louisiana there had been a full poll, and
a largo majority for the Tilden electors.
No reason was suggested by anybody for
falsifying this result. The npprehension
that it would be falsified in tho return arose
solely out of the fact that the election ma
chinery of tho State was In tho hands of
mero knaves who were just base enough to
do it ; nnd these were Gen. Grnnt's own
knaves, whom for years he had kept In their
placos by lawless force. It was then that ho
said that no man could afford to bo Presi
dent by a fraud, and sent a commltteo to
seo that n truo count was made. This was
fairseeming enough, but ho did not row tho
way ho was looking. Every one of his com
mittee favored the fraud, and their report,
which he endorsed and sent to Congress,
was a defence of it from beginning to end.
IIo had supported and enforced frauds of the
same kind several times before, nnd now
Ids troops were nt New Orleans avowedly to
protect the carpet-baggers while they were
repeating them on a largo scale. Besides,
when Chandler promised the fraudulent
Governor of Florida to send troops and
money to that State after tho election
troops and money to count the votes ho de
clared in one of bis despatches that the
President had been consulted. Still furth
er, whilo his party in Congress were holding
up tho fraud, ho answered the arguments In
favor of Tilden's right by ordering to tho
capital all thq cavalry, artillery, nnd infan
try within reach. Whether these circum
stances bo sufficient or not to convict him
of participation in the fraud, let the world
judge.
THE CREATION OF THE COMMISSION.
But how was the object of the conspiracy
to be accomplished? Tho House of Repre
sentatives was Democratic, and without its
consent, expressed or implied in some form
or another, the Senate could not give effect
to a falso count. Tho first intention was to
claim that tho President of tho Senate had
power to determine absolutely and arbitrari
ly what electoral votes should be counted
and what not. This was the great rallying
point until Mr. Conkling took it up, and,
in a speech of surpassing ability, utterly de
molished and reduced it to invisible atoms.
It became settled, therefore, that the two
Houses must count the votes, and this clear
ly implied tho power to inquire and deter
mine what wero votes. It could not be de
nied that tho voice of tho Houso ot Repre
sentatives was at least as potential as that
of tho Senators; and it was not supposed
that the House would suffer a fraud so glar
ing as this to be thrust down tho throat of
tho country "against the stomach of its
sense." But if tho two bodies would declare
inconsistent results of the count, and pro
claim tho election of different Presidents
a state of things might come which would
subject our institutions to a straiu severe
enough to endanger them greatly. It ww
in theso difficult circumstances that a mixed
commission of fifteen was proposed, consist
ing of five Senators, five Representatives,
and five Judges of the Supremo Court,
The mode of appointing them made it cer
tain that fourteen would be equally divided
between the parties; and as tho fifth Judgo
would bo named by the consent of his breth
ren on both sides, he might be expected to
stand between them, like a daysman, with
hand as heavy on ono head as the other,
he Democrats consented to this in the be
lief that no seven Republicans could bo
taken from the court o- from Congress who
would swear to decide the truth and then
uphold a known fraud; if mistaken in that
opinion of their adversaries' honesty, they
felt sure, at all events, that the umpire
would be a fairminded man. They wero
bitterly disappointed ; the commission went
eight to seven for the great fraud and all its
branches; for fraud in the detail and in the
aggregate ; for every item of fraud that was
necessary to make the sum total big enough
eight to seven all the time.
IT r.EFUSES TO DO ITS DUTY.
We must look at the stato of the case as
it went before the commission. Tilden and
Hendricks had IRt electoral votes clear and
free of all dispute, one less than a majority
of the whole number. They also had in
Louisiana eight, and in Honda four, ap
pointed by the people, but falsely certified
to Hayes and Wheeler by tho Governor.
In Oregon they had one certified by the
Governor, but against whom a popular ma'
jority had been cat for an Ineligible candl-
late. To elect Hayes it was necessary that
each and every ono of these thirteen votes
should be taken from Tilden and given to
Hayes. As this required many distinct
rulings based upon contradictory grounds,
the path of the commission was not only
steep but crooked.
The great and important duty cast upon
tho commission by a special law and by a
special oath of each member was to decide
In the case of csnlested votes from a State,
"whether any and what votes from such
Stato ate the votes provided fr by tho Con
stitution of the United States, and bow
many and what persons were duly appointed
electors in such State, It is not denied
that the sole power of appointing electors for
the States of Louisiana and Florida is in the
people. It was then'and still is an admit
ted fact that the people had exercised tho
power of appointment in the prescribed and
proper way ; they .did duly mako an ap
polntment of electors, and their act was du
ly recorded, and so made a perpetual mem
ory. This thing was not "done in a corner;"
it was "seen and known of all men." That
each of tho two States named had duly ap
pointed Tilden electors at a regular election
called for that purposoon the 7th of Novem
ber, in pursuance of law, was a part of thel
history as much as the fact that they were
States of the Union. All the members
of tho commission knew it as well as they
knew tho geographical position of Talla
hassee or New Orleans. It needed no proof;
but if specific evidence had been required
thero was the record from which the truth
glared upon them as clear ai tho sun. They
shut their eyes upon the record, and refused
to see "how many and what persons were
duly appointed electors " by the people, bu
listened eagerly to the evidence aliunde
though it was) which showed "how many
and what persons" had been designated by
the returning officers. It was ultimately
held (eight to seven) that the appointees of
the Returning Board wero duly appointed,and
the appointees of the jeoplo wero unduly
THE COLUMBIAN, VOL. XI, NO. 27
COLUMBIA DEMOCRAT, VOL. XLlt, NO, 10
appointed. Did the eight suppose that the
legal power to mako such an appointment
was vested by law In the Returning Boards?
Did they think it was not vested In the peo
ple ? No, that is Impossible. But they may
have conscientiously believed that tho Inter
est of their faction would be well served by
Hayes' election. They may have been
prompted by a virtuous admiration of carpet-bag
government, nnd wero sincerely
anxious to save it from Tilden's reform.
ITS rETTIFOfmiNO.
But tills decision in favor of fraud which
so shocked the common sense and common
honesty of tho nation was not made without
somo attempt to justify It. Tho eight gave
reasons so many and so plausible that Kel
logg and Wells must have chuclked with de
light when they heard them. One argu
ment very seriously urged wns that it would bo
troublesome, nnd require a great deal of
time, to ascertain who was duly appointed
by the people. It was much easier to ac
cept tho false voto and say no more about
It. To decide bow many and what persons
got certificates from the Returning Board
was a short and simple process ; but to push
tho inquiry behind that to inqulro wheth
er tho certificate was honest, to look for the
evidence which would show who were duly
appointed Aio Mor hocoputcit. Tho seven
reminded the eight, but reminded them in
vain, that the duo appointment which no
body in tho world, except tho people, had
the least right to make, was tho very thing
which they wero thero to find out; and
they could not be excused from a duty to
which they were pledged and sworn, by the
mere Inconvenience of performing it. Be
sides, the eight knew very well that there
was no difficulty in it ; it was but looking
at the record of the appointment as the peo
ple made it up ; they could read it as they
ran; tho truth was. plainer than tho lie;
the honesty of tho caso was as easily seen
as the fraud. Rut no persuasion could in
fluence them to cast even a glance at the
actual appointment. What did they think
this commission was made for? Why was
this great combination of learning and state
craft set up? According to the eight its solo
purpose was, not to determine any matter in
dispute between the parties, but merely to
declare that the Returning Board had cer
tiffed for the Hayes electors; which every
body knew already ,and nobody ever denied. If
its object was what the law said to decide
who were duly appointed then the eight
succeeded in making it merely a splendid
nbortion, because, among other reasons, It
was too much trouble to make it anything
else.
HEDOISO TOU OREGON.
But the commission following the lead
of counsel for Mr. Hayes, insisted that the
certificate of tho proper Stato officer ought
to be regarded as conclusive evidence of the
appointment made by the people. It is un
doubtedly true that tho Sttao has a right to
speak on this subject through her own or'
gans, and when she does so speak, her voice
should be regarded as true. But what of-
fficer is her proper organ ? The Governorbe-
ing her political chief, and his certificate
being required by act of Congress, it would
not have been unreasonable to hold that it
was conclusive unless tainted with fraud. Tho
Hayes electors had the Executive certificate
in Louisiana and Florida, and this, in re
gard to those States, gave the eight a great
legal advantage. Hut they threw it away.
abandoned the attestation of the Governor
as worthless, claimed no faith or credit for
it, and pronounced it open to contradiction,
no matter how honestly it may have been
given. What was the meaning of this phe
nomenal ruling which apparently opened
the door of investigation even wider than
the Democrats asked ? It was understood
by everybody. The commission was hedg
ing for Oregon. Tho eight were reaohing
across the Pacific for the one vote there,
which was just as important as the twelve
on tho Gulf of Alexico.
But having gone behind the Governor's
certificate for the sake of correcting errors,
could there be any possible justification for
stopping before the truth was reached? If
tho head of the Commonwealth, whose at
testation is required by Federal law, wen
for nothing whenever it was contradicted
how could the conclusiveness be asserted o
a paper made by subordinate officers un
known outside of the State, and powerless
even by the local law to make a certificate
of more than prima facie validity ? Yet the
Electoral Coramissioo (eight to seven) dec!
ded that the Governor's certificate might be
set aside for a mere mistake of law or fact,
while that of the Returning Hoard would
stand, though known to be founded on false'
hood and saturated all through with corrup
tion.
EVIDENCE ALIUNDE.
The unvarying preference of tho eight
Commissioners for the false over the true be
comes, very striking at this point. When
they got behind the Governor's papers, they
found lying aliunde two other sets of docu
ments, one of which was a record of th
actual appointment made by the people
the other was a mere fabrication of the Re
turning Board without any semblance of
truth ; they embraced the latter with all th
ardor of sincere affection, and rejected the
former with all possible marks of their dhv
like.
To give the decrees of the Returning
Hoards the conclusive effect claimed for thein
it was necessary to hold that they were e-
gaily invested with judicial powers, and that
their jurisdiction, whether rightfully or er
roneously exercised, was absolute over th
whole subject matter. In Florida tho statute
which creates the board gave it nothing ex
cept ministerial powers, and the Supreme
Court of that State solemnly pronounced its
claim of judicial authority to be altogether
unfounded. But' the ElectoraljOoinmission
wouia not tie innucnceil by either tnewrit
ten or the unwritten law. The commission
conceded to the Louisiana board all the j
diclal power it needed to sanctify its disfran
chisement of the people in tho faeo of the
Constitution, which expressly forbade It
This general jurisdiction was not alltboy be
stowed on those boards; they declared in
substance that it might be well exetfcised in
particular cases where It was not Invoked
according to the law which gavethem being,
as, for Instance, where a Louisiana parish
sent up its return without a protest statement
or affidavit.
THEINFAMOl'S EIUHT,
Tho eight Commissioners did not stop
thero. They went much further. They
practically justified and sustained all the Infi
nite rascality of the Returning Boards. They
not only refused to take voluntary notice of
the atrocious frauds perpetrated by them,
gates of (IwHsttm.
srAci.
onolncli. . .
Twolnchee. . .
Tbrce Inches
Four Inches .
usrter column.
lt column,
one column.
IN, IV. 8N. V.
2.1 0 IJ.WI H.'tl '"
j.eo 4.11 s.ti 8.00
, 4.t .to .m tsn
B.00 7.09 8.M H.0I
. . .( 8.00 10.011 15,t0
..IU.011 u.oti l.i si.oti
,.J,00 J5.00 30.00 60.00
It.
IS.frfl
11.00
1S.W
smto
a.m
woo
loo.to
Yearly advertisements payable quarterly. Tran
sient advert Isementa must be paid forlieforc Inserteq
except where parties hav e accounts.
lgal advertisements two dollars pertnchforthreei
Insertions, ami at that rate for additional Insertions
without reference to length.
Executor's, Administrator's and Auditor's notice
three dollars. Must be paid for when inserted.
Translentor Local notices, twenty cents sllne.
regular advertisements half rates.
Cards tn the "Business Directory" column, oie
dollar per year for each lino.
but they excluded the proofs of their cor
ruptlon which the Democratic counsel betd
n their hands and offered to exhibit. These
Commissioners choked off the evidence, and
smothered it as remorselessly as Wells and
Is associates suppressed Democratic returns.
nd this they put on the express ground that
to them it was all one whether the action of
these boards was fraudulent or not. They
would suffer no proof of corruption to inval
idate the right claimed by a Hayes man to
put in the vote of a State for his candidate.
This monstrous and unendurable outrage
was resisted to the utmost. AU of the sev-
mplored and protested against it. Judge
Clifford, the President of the commission,
laid It down as a maxim of the common law
that fraud vitiates whatever it touches, anil
proved It undeniably. He might havo proved
more. It Is not merely n maxim oi me com
mon law ; it belongs to all countries and alt
ages ; no couo can claim It exclusively ; 11
pervades all systems of jurisprudence; it
has its home in every honest heirt ; it is the
universal sentiment of all just men; it ap
plies to all human dealings. Judge Field
looked In the face of tbo majority, and told
them plainly that their disregard of this
greatpr!nciplo was as "shocking in morals as
was unsound in law, and added : "It is
elementary knowledge that fraud vitiates all
proceedings, even the most solemn ; that no
form of words, no amount of ceremony, no
solemnity of proceeding, can shield it from
exposure, or protect its structure from as
sault and destruction." But tho eight wer
as deaf as adders to the voice of reason and
justice. They would not permit the fraud to
be assaulted, much less to be destroyed.
They stood over it to shield it, protect it,
and save it, interposing the broad .Tgis of
their authority to cover it against every at
tack.
The eight persistently denied their power
- that of Congress, to do what they were
commanded by the law to do that is, decide
ho wero duly appointed, They wuld only
decide that certain persons were named as
electors by a Returning Board. They would
not understand that the appointment by the
people might be ono thing, nnd tho nctioa
of the Returning Board another, or that the
latter, even as evidence of the former was
worthless if it was fraudulent.
THIMBLE-RlnnlNO FLORIDA OUT.
They insisted that the Returning Board
certificate must bo received with all the hon
ors ; to question its verity would be usurpa
tion upon State rights, which they (tho eight)
were most careful to preserve intact and un-
mpaired. "But"' said they, "if a Returning
Board behaves unfaithfully, the JState her
self, by her own authorities, must see to it
and correct the wrong." Thereupon camo
Florida, and showed that she had made the
correction. All the departments of her Gov
ernment her Legislature, her courts and her
Executive had at different times examined
and revised the action of her Returning
Board ; pronounced it false, fraudulent and
oid; declared that tho Tilden electors
wero duly appointed, and left the Hay es can
didates without a shred of authority to vote
for the State. There stood the State herself
upright before the august commission, with
all tho evidence In her hand, protesting
gainst the fraud and demanding that no
voto should be received except the voto of
her own electors duly appointed by her peo
ple. But tho commission answered that un
der the circumstances of this case Bhe had no
ight to defend herself against the fraud of
a Returning Board any more than sho had
ti bo defended by tho Federal authorities.
Whatever she might do or decide, or resolve
upon, the great 'fraud was her master, and
he must submit. So it appeared, after all
tho speeches about State rights, that Flori
da had but one right the right to be cheat
ed out of her vote by the Bame knaves who
had already robbed ber of her property. The
right was sacred and intangible, and the com
mission promptly put her in lull possession
of it.
A JUDICIAL DFCI8ION DISREGARDED.
In the case of Florida there was one piece
of evidence offered which not only commen
ded itself strongly to the consideration of
just men, but, being supported by certain
artificial rules of pleading and practice, it
was expected to find acceptance in the nar
rowest mind on the bench. This was the
record of a judicial proceeding commenced
in a Florida court by writ of quo warranto
at the suit of the State upon tho relation of
the Tilden electors against the Hayes elec
tors. The parlies came into court and plead
ed, and the issue made between them was,
whether ono set or the other (the relators or
tho defendants) were duly appointed electors
of President and Vice President by and for
the State of Florida, Evidence was taken,the
cause was debated by counsel on both sides,
ana alter consideration it was adjudged by
the court, against the defendants and in fa
vor of the Slate, that tho relators wero duly
appointed and the defendants not. This
fact, thus determined by the court, was pre
cisely the samo fact afterward controverted
by the same parties before the commission.
When submitted to tho latter tribunal.it was
rujiulhahi ; not only true, but fixed and
settled beyond the reach of contradiction.
Tho judgment was not Impeached for fraud
or reversed fur error. It w,is In full force
and virtue. It was not denied that the court
which made the adjudication had entire and
complete jurisdiction both of the subject
matter and of the parties. By all reason
and all authority the commission was baund
to respect this judgment as conclusive evi
dence. But to havo dono this would have
made Tilden President and defeated tho'pur
pose of all the frauds in Louisiana and Flor
ida both. They did not do it; they allowed
the judgment to have no effect at all. They
but looked to seo what it was, and immedi
ately swept it nut of sight. They put it far
from them, and then proceeded to pronounce
a different judgment, which suited tho Hayes
men better. How could they break all the
bars of legal authority which fenced them
about ? What starting hole did they find to
escape from the corner into which they were
driven and penned up by tho law of the
land ? We shall sec.
STATE ACTION NULLIFIED.
They said the judgment of the Court was
too late ; it was pronounced after the Hayes
electors bad met md made cut their votes,
and sent them to the President of tht "Senate.
Here were two sets of elcctere, each claiming
the exclusive right to vote for the State, and
both ot them actually sent up their bal
lots. One of them was duly appointed, and
had the authority claimed ; the other set was
necessarily composed of mere pretenders,
who were not duly appointed, and, having
no authority, their vot? was a mere nullity.
4Xaeludedon 4th page.