4k
THE COLUMBIAN
RATES OF ADVERTISING.
COLOMBIA DKMOOlt.VT, UTAH OP TIIR NORTH AKIJ COLBJt-
HMN CONHUI.inATKll.J
Issued weekly, every Friday inornlmr, nt
llLOU.MSIlUmf, COI.UMHIA COUNTY? I'A.
At TWOU0M.AH3 lior year, pavnhlo In advance, or
ilurlniMho your. After tliu expiration of tho onr.
.w will bo cliarired. To subscribers out of thu
county tholerms nra Jpcr j car strictly In advance
ti.ii! If not paid In advance and M.uo If payment
bo delayed beyond tho year.
No paper discontinued, except at the opl Ion of tho
Publisher, until all arrearages nro p.tld, liuUniitr
continued credits after tho expiration of tlio llrst
year will not bo given.
All papers sent out of tho Wa'c, or lo d Want post
oillcos, must bo paid for In advance, unless n resnnn
Blblo person In Columbia county assumes to pay tha
subscription duo on demand.
ids I'AtilS 13 no longer oxactcd from subscribers In
tho county.
job nps-nsTTinsra-.
Tho .lobblns Department of tho Cor.miiiAN is very
complete, and our Job Printing will cotnparo ftivor
mily wlih that of I ho largo ell Us, Allvvork donoon
ileinund, n rally nnd nt luoderalo prices.
Ono Inch, (twelro Unoa or Its equivalent In Nonpn
ell type) ono or two insertions, llirio inter
tlons, 2,oo.
BrACK. lw. tit.
Onolneh ..t2.M ftoo
1 wo Inches ti.no ttfiO
Three Inches ft.o t.oo
l'our Inches T.fO 11.00
oimn cr column .... . .1 o.oo 1 j.)
Half column ib.ixi i,.wi
on column a .00 e6.no
tit. tu, 1y
11.00 fHXO 110.00
T.tl) e.im 15.00
o.oo ij.eo is.io
1I.M 1TX0 SB.00
H.m) yii.10 so.oo
in. , 'i.oij 00.00
40.H0 C .ID PO.CO
Yearly advertisements naj able nu.utrrly
Tran-
slcnt advertisements must l paid Liforo Incertcd
oxcent whero panics havo accounts.
ICEalndvertfscmenls two dollars pirln'h ferthrfo
Insertions, nnd nt that rato f 9r addltlunnl li.'jcitlcns
without referenNi tn lencrth.
tfTCCittnr'n, Administrator's nnd Auditor's Notices
three dollars.
Transient rr Local notlccf, tvnit 1 -ir n lino.
rtRUlflrioUertlHniH'iiis h.Jt mb .
rnrds In tho "Iluslness Dlrcciory" coIuihd, or.o
dollar per year for each line.
henry i,. diki-ti-
iN'UACir,
BLOOMSBTJllG, PA., FRIDAY, AUGUST 6. 1875.
THE COLUMIUAN. VOL. IX, NO. 31
COI.VMMA HISMOCHAT, VOL. XL, NO. M
UDlTOlt ANU HUM,
U.K.
Columbia County Official Diroctory,
President. tiidgo--VlllUm Hlwell.
Associate Judges -Ir.im Horr, Isaac S. Monroo.
Prothonolarv, AO. II. l'rank Znrr.
(l.-gliter.V lleeontcr Willi itnson II, Jacoby.
lilstrlct Attoiney John .M. claik.
tUierllt -Michael (Itovcr.
H irvovnr Isuno Povvlit.
I H-astircr hilm Hu.itor.
O.imtulssloners William Lawton, John llcrncr,
UlMlll I. lit.
CmnmlsslonorR' ( 'fork William Krlrkkiuin.
All lltora-l'. J. Campbell, s. II. smith, David Yost.
unronrr t nnries w. .-mirpnoy
Jury Commissioners-Jacob II. Frit, William it,
Ull.
(lutintv SuDerlntcndcnl William II. Knvrtor.
Win. Kramer, Hlu mburg and Thomas C'rovelln.r,
mount ruor uisi,' lei, inruciors u. r, i-;nt, rscotr.,
SCO t.
o. l'. l;ut, secretary.
Bloomsburg Official Directory.
ISIoomsburg Hanking Company John A. I'unslon,
President, II. ll.flroz, cashier.
first Nailonal Hank Charles It. rnxton, ('resident
J. 1'. Tits In, Cashier.
Columbia County Mutual Mating Fund nnd Loan
Association j'.. u. j.iiue, rrcsiucui, u. vv. .Miner
Keel clarv.
lllnumsburg llulldlng andHavlng Fund Association
win. reacocK, i-resiiicnt,.!, 11. iiotnsun, secretary.
lllooiniburg.Miiiual saving Fund Association .1
llrovver, President, C. O. llarkloy, Necrelnry.
CHURCH DIRECTORY.
HAiTiar citi-iicu.
llev. J. P. TusUn, (Supply.)
Sunday Senlccs iii a. m. and cf p. m.
Niind.lv School 9 a. m.
I'rujcr Meeting livery Wednesday evening at ti
ClUUK.
Soa s lice. Tho public aro lntl'ed lo attend.
SI. MATTHEW'S MJTU3HAN C1IUI1C1I.
Mlnls er-licv, J. It. Wllllain.
Sunday Services lo a. in. nnd Oft p. in.
H11nd.1v School-on. in.
l'r.ncr.Mecilug litcry Wednesday evening atcj
L'llK'K,
beats free. Nopows rented. All aro welcome.
lMlKSnVTniUANCIlL'I'.CU.
Jllnlstcr Ilcv. Stuart Mitchell.
Sunday services wa a. in. nnd ays p. ra.
Sum lay school 0 a. m.
I'raver.Meoilng Kvery Wednesday evening at 0;
clock.
Beai s free. No pews rented. SI rangers v elcome.
METHODIST Kl'IACOTAL CHC11C1I.
Presiding lnder llev. N. H. Iiucklngham.
Minister llev. J. II. Jlcdarrah.
Sunday Services lojj and Xf p. m.
biindav SUiocil i p. 111.
Ulblo class Uverv .Monday evening at ejtf o'clock.
Young .Men's Prayer -Meoilng Kery Tuesday
.eulng at 05 o'clock.
Jeneral Prayer .Meeting Every Tlmrsday evening
o'clock.
ItKFOHMKD CHCKCH.
Corner of Third and Iron streets,
l'astor ltov. T. V. ltolTmeler.
ite.sldenco Hast btreet, near Forks Hotel.
Sunday Senlees 10) n. m. and 0 p. m.
Sundav School 3 a. 111.
l'rajer Jleetlng Saturday, 7 p. m.
All 1110 Invited There is nln aj s 1 00m.
Services every Sunday ntternoon nt, i o'clock at
ileller's church, Jladlsou township.
ST. rAL'I.'S CHl'llCII.
Hector liev. John Hewitt.
Sunday sen Ices wyt .1. in., t p. m.
Sunday School 0 n. m.
First Sunday In the month, Holy Communion.
Services preparatory to Communion 011 1'itday
evening beloro Hie 1st Sunday In each moulh.
I'ews rented ; but everybody welcome.
Persons desiring to consult tho Keclor on religious
nutters wilt llnd him at tho parsonage on llock
Street.
EVANGELICAL CIIUIICH.
Presiding i:idcr Itev. A. L. lleeser.
SllnlUcr Itcv. J. A. mine.
Sunday Sci t Ico 3 p. in., In the Iron Street Church.
l'nu er .Meeting l.iery Sabbath nt 2 p. 111.
All aro Invited. All are welcome.
QCIIOOL OltOKKS, Manic, ju printed anil
Vj neatly bound In small books, n hand and
fur sale ut tho coi.umuian oillee. " eb. la, l&I5-tt
LANK DICEDS, on I'arclmuiit anil I.ineii
I I'aner. common and for Administrators, i:ecu-
furs nnd trustees, for bale chcauut the Columbian
oillee.
MA1UUAOE CEUTI KICATES iu.t printed
nnd tor snlo at the Coi.umuian oillee. Mlnls
f tho (lospcl and Justices should supply them
bclves with theso necessary articles.
JUSTICES and Constables' Kee-Uills for sale
at the Columbian onice. They contain tho cor
lected fees n3 established by tho last Act of tho Leg
slatureupon tho subject. Kvery Justice and C011
btablo should U.no one.
'VrKXDUE NOTES Ju-t printed and for sale
" cheap at tho Coi.umiihn oillee.
CLOTHING, &c.
D
WW I.OWEXliEUG, Jrerchant Tailor
.Main St., above Central Hotel.
HOOTS AND SHOliS.
BENHY KL1C1M, Jranafacturer and dealer
lnliootsand bhoes, gioccrles, etc., Jlalu St.,
illoomsburg.
M. KXOKI!, Dealer in lioots and Shoes,
I . latest and best sts les. corner Jlaln and Jlai ket
btretls, In the old post oillee.
CLOCKS, V ATOMS, &C.
CK. SAVACE. Dealer in Clocks, 'NVatclies
. and Jewelry, Main St., Just below tho Central
Hutei
OUIS HEUNAUD, Watch and Clock
J maker, near southeast corner Main andiron.
JlII.LIN'IIltY & FANCY GOODS.
TISS jr. DEUHICKSON, Jlillinery and
Fancy Oojds, Main St., below Jlarket.
rpiIE JI1SSES HAIUIAN, Jlillinery and
L Fancy floods, Slain stieet, below Central Hotel.
MERCHANTS AND OIIOCEUS.
II
C. llOWEi:, Hats and Caps, Hoots and
. Shoes, Main btreet, above Court House.
Sir. JIII.LEU A SON, dealers in Dry
i (loods, groceries, queensware, Hour, bait,
bnoes, notions, etc., Main btreet.
I'KOFESSIONAL CAltDS.
c
G. IJAIiKLKY, Attomey-at.T.aw. Itooms
, 4 and B, lirow er's building, 2d lloor.
Dlt. Wjr.Sr. KEIlEU.SurKeon nnd I'liysi
elan, Ofllco S. corner lloclc and Market
bireets.
T 1!. EVANS, jr. D., Surgeon
, clan, north bide of Main street,
and I'll)'!'
Hycr's,
UUOUU. IV.
Jit. JIcKELVY, Jr. D., Surf-eon and 1'liy
, blclan, north sldo Main btreet, below Market,
" I!. ItOllISON, Allorncy-at-I.aw.
. in llartmou's building. Vain street.
Olliec
s
AJIUEL .TACOI1Y, JIarlilo and lirowii
stone W orks, u.ist illoomsburg, lienvlek road.
II.
liOSNESTOCIC, Photographer,
Claik a Wolf's store, Main street.
D
15. ir. C. IIOWEH, Surgeon DentUl, Main
M., aoovo tin Loun, iiou-io,
J1I. JIAIZE, Jlamiiiolh Orocery, lino Gin-
cei les, Fruits, Nuts, ProMslons, &eMalunnd
Cemro bireets.
MISCELLANEOUS.
H. KUIIN, denier in Jrent, Tallow, etc.,
, Centra bt reel, between Second and Third.
c
1 jr. CIIHISTMAN, Saddle, Trunk and
liarnesi maker, KhUo'a Dlock, Jlaln btrei t.
rpiIOjrAS WEI1I!, Confectionery and Ihkerv,
X wholesalo and retail, Exchange Hlock,
i W COHELIj, Furnitiiio Konnis, three
JT btory brlek, Main btreet, w est of Market bt.
DVi'. ItOHIlINS, Liquor dealer, second door
, from tho northwest comer Main and Iron
bireets.
J. THOHNTON, Witll Paper, Window
, Shades and llxturc, import bluck, Main st,
OltANGKVILLH DIHEOTOUY,
4
Il.'HErtnrNG, Carpenter nnd builder,
Main btreet beluw Flue.
Pit. O. A. JIEGAHGEL, Phy
Surgeon, Main street, next door tc
siciaii and
0 (iood's Ho-
AVID IIKItlUNG, Flour and Grist Mill,
TA Jri'S I). HATtJrAN, Cabinet jrnker and
J Undertaker, Mala Mrect, below pine.
LiailT STREET.
RS. ENT, dealer in Stoves nnd Timvaro in
i nil Ha branches.
IJETEU ENT, Miller, nnd denier In all kind
purchased'11 ,n' Fl0Ur vd.Ac. AlUlndiof drain
ESPY.
fj W. EDGAR, Kusquehann.t Planing Mill
i.
A ri'ORNEY'S II LA KKS, Common mid
t Judgment Honda, lust printed md for 'solo at
tho CommiiAN Ofllco. All kinds of Altorney's blanks
eltiitr kept on baud or printed to older,"
OATAWISSA.
ST. JOHN'S (UI'ISCOI'AL) CllUItClI.
Hector ltov. John llewllt.
Kimday Sen lcos-3 o'clock p. m. every Sunday.
Sunday School-l:3u i. m.
Holy Communion tho second Sunday In tho month
rut. U. W. llUTTHK,
lMIYSICIAN&stmOEON,
onlec, on Main street,
Mar.ar.'ll-y Catawlssa, Pa.
JI. h. KYEUIA,
ATTOltN EY-AT-I.A W,
Catawlssa, Ia.
Collections promptly mado and remitted. OHlco
Ui'pUHU LllUlWlSS.llJepOSllrlt.lUK. oin-it
jr.ll. AimOTT, Attomey-at-Law, .Main
oil lit, I
I V. DALIiJIAN, Jlerchant Tailor, Second
llUOKJlOKN.
MO. & V. II. SHOEMAKER, Dealers in
a Dry Hoods, Groceries and General Merchar.-
1SUSINK&S CARDS.
li. A. L. TURNER,
UXCHANOE HOTEL, IlLOOMSllURO, I'll.
Ofllco over lllclra's Drug Store, onlec houin from
1 to 1 p. m.. for treatment of diseases of thu Ei e, Ear
and 1 hroat.
All calls night or day promptly attended to.
Arr.!3'I5-tf
JQR. J. C. R UTTER,
PHYSICIAN' & SUliOEON,
Oillee, North Market street,
Mar.27,'74-y Illoomsburg, Pa.
JR. 11. F. GARDNER,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON,
HLOOMSUUltO, I'A.
onico abovo J. Schuyler & Son's Hardwaro Store.
Apr.23'!5-tt
Q W. MILLER,
aiiokm;v-at-law,
Onico In Drower's building, second lloor, room No.
Illoomsburg, Pa. ulyl,73 y
c
1 W. J.ISUOKALKW,
ATTOHNEYS-AT-LAW,
Illoomsburg, Pa.
Onico on Main Street, first door below court Houso
-Mar.tyn-y
11.
F. .t J. JI. CLARK,
, ATTOHNEYS-AT-LAW,
Illoomsburg, ra.
April 10,'Il-y
Ofllco InEntsIHUldlng.
A. CKKVKL1NO SMITH. I1EHVET EWINU SMITH.
CREVELING SJI1TH & SON,
Ai TUJt.MJYS-AT-LAW ,
Illoomsburg, Pa.
tf All business entrusted to our earn will rcrlnvn
piompt utteutlon. Julyl,'73 y
II. I1UOCKWAY. OEOKOE E. ELWELL.
JROCKWAY it ELWELL,
. ATTOKNEYS-AT-LAW,
Illoomsburg, ra.
WAH business entrusted to our earn w 111 rerrlvn
prompt attention, Sept.11,'74 y
I. LITTLE.
UOU'T. It. LITTLE.
E
7 U. & R. It. LITTLE,
ATTOISNEYS-AT-LAW,
Eloomsburg, l'a.
CJ'"IliHlness beforn thnTr.R.ltatcnriimcn nt ti.nftml
to. Ollleo In tho Columbian llulldlug. ly xs
J E. ORVIS,
" ATTOHNEY-AT-LAW.
Wlllpractlcolnallthu courts of Columbia, Sulli
van and I.j coming counties. In tho Supremo court of
Pennsylvania, und In tho Circuit and District couits
ut tho United stales held at Wllllamsport. I'.i.
vt 111 00 in 111s omco in tho Columbian bulldtng.
oota No. 1. Eloomsburir. on Tiinsil.ivs. v..rin.d.iv u
and Thursdajs of each week; audlniscntonon Mon
tl.u s, Fridays and satin days, unless nb.seut on pro
fessional business. sent. Ie.ls75.
I7REAS UROWN'S INSURANCE AGEN
. CY, Exchango Hotel, Illoomsburg, Pa.
.Etna, ins Co., of Hartford, Connecticut. .. uWooo
I.leipool, London and (ilobe 2tu 11 mo
liojjlot Liverpool 13 800,0011
Lnneaushlro lo.ono, 00
Hro Association, I'hllatlelphl.i a.loo.ouil
f'nnltfil
Atneilean of Philadelphia 1,100 000
Atlas ot Hartford n iwm
Wyoming, ot Wilkes ll.irro i!3l!ooo
r ariners utuai 01 1 )au 1110 ,tH),ooo
Hume, New York!!!.'.'.'.'..".'.'.'.'.".'.'.V.'.'.'.'..V.! 6,cotuioti
Jtareh sc,'74-y
fcJl,tiM,Mio
JIISCELLAXEOUS.
"YrH'I-IAM JrORRIS,
-11EICC1IANT TAILOIt,
Cutting, cleaning nnd rcpalrlngjirompllynttended
1. First lloor over J. F. Wldemailsnaiilwarostoro,
to.
Illoomsburg, Pa.
Jan. c, '75 tf
R, M. TUBBS,
WHOLESALE UEAI.EK IN
I1URNING AND LURRICATING OILS.
uinco in juaiio s uuiiuuig, corner Main and Centro
streets,
HLOOMSUUltO, PENNA.
tT"Ordcra solicited nnd nrnmntlv
May, !S,'7s-ly
ENTISTRY.
II. C. IIOWEH, DENTIST,
llcspectfully offers his professional senlcegto tho
la lies and gentlemen of illoomsburg nnd vicinity,
lie la prepared to attend loan tho various operations
In the lino of his profession, and Is provided 1th tho
latest Improved I'oucl'Lain Teeth, which will be In
serted on gold plating, silver nnd rubber base to
look as well uatliu natural teeth. Teeth extracted
by all tho now and most approved methods, and nil
operations 011 tho teeth carefully and properly at
tended to.
onico a tew doors above tho Court llouso, samo
side. lulyi.'ia
17 J. THORNTON
ly, would aunouneo to tho citizens ot illonms
Ciiil' and Melnltv that ho has lust reeelvcilnftilt nml
cumpleto assortment ot
WALL r.U'Elt, WINDOW SHADES,
I'lXTl'ltES, COUPS, TASSELS,
and all other goods In his lino of business. All tho
newest uml most appiovcd pal terns ot tho day aro
always to bo foundlulila establishmentMain btreet,
below Market. Julyl,'73
BROWN'S HOTEL,
DLOOMSDURO, FA,,
B. STOHNER, Propriotojr,
Accommodations First Closs-ll.ss to Jl.M per day,
RESTAURANT ATTACHED.
Largo, Airy Saraplo Rooms on 1st Floor,
Illoomsburg, July !, 1575-tf.
VULOAH" IRO 0IIKS,
DANVILLE, MONTOUIt COUNTi-, I'A.
57
ILLIAJI II, LAW, Mnnufactitrcr of
Wroimht Iron llrldnes. Hollers, (laslioldcr.
Fireproof llulldlngs, Wrought Iron Itooilng, llooillng
Frames, Flooring and Doors, Farm dales anil Fenc
ing, uiso iiruugui jruu ri uiig, mucks aim niiKiuua
of Smith Work, Ac, itepalra promptly attended to,
N. H. Drawings and Estimates supplied.
July 1, 1679
BLOOMSUURG TANNERY.
(i, A, MUIIRINO
1") ESPECTFULLY nnnouueca lo Iho inibllo
A that ho has 1 cojicned
KKSStef SN'YDER'S TANNERY,
wSSstw (oldbtand) illoomsburg, l'a., at tho
JJf(7,' Forks ot tho Espy and Light btreet
rondJ, whero all deserfpllons of
TV n,.tT (,a) r Hin bo made In tho most
substantial and wot uiiianllku manner, and sold nt
prices lo suit tho times. Tho highest pUcoJaeash
will at all times bo paid tor ,
GREEN HIDES
of every description In tho country. Tho public pat
ronage Is respectfully bollclted.
Dloomsburg, Marui 18, l87&-y
NEW MUSLO STORE.
OPERA. HOUSU, 3d ROOM,
tJ3.03JHUEJK, V.t.
ii. h. strTokland
Itcspcctrully Informs tho public that he has opened
n New Music Store, In the Illoomsburg opera llimsn,
on Centri' street, below Main, whero ho keeps n full
ussortment ot
PIANOS.
OHO NS,
MUSICAL INSTIIITMENTS,
SIinh'T MUSIC,
Ml'MC HOOKS, Arc ,
nlivnysonhandnndforsalo at thu lowest, prices.
Ilo Invites tho patrons of music to call undexamliu
his stock.
REPAIRING AND TUNING,
nlso attended to on demand. Thopubllc pntronago
la rospectfully solicited. nriil 'ir,-iy
BLO OnVCSEXJDRO-
State Normal School.
rPIIIS Institution nfmnli In student iireparmg
B forlhn profession of THACIIINO. e client fa-
cmtles tor Improvement In tho moot upprovcdincth
odsot Instruction.
For tho accommodation of students desiring tirciv
aratlonfor College, or for tho business relations ot
lire, nn Academic Depaitment Is organl?ed, which
affords tho most ample facilities for so doing.
Each courso ot study Is complcto In Itself,
Sunerior advantages aro ofTeied for Instruction In
MUSIC and LANOUAUES.
Fall Session commences Wednesday, August 2Sth
Fall session closes Tuesday, December nail.
Spring session commences Wednesday, Dec. 80th.
Spring Session closes Tuesday, .1 uno with.
SpilugTEim commences Wednesday, March 31st
TEIIMS.
HoAiin. Including Fuel and Wxslilnc. rocn Doi
ijius per week.
Tuition one nm.t. Mi per week. In Model Schoo
orty to sixty cents per week.
Students are admitted at anv time, and to nnd
course of study fnrwhlclilecy mayboprepaied. It
is ueiu'r, 11 pussiuie, io no jireoeuL at, mo commence
ment nt a term, or a session.
senu rur n catalogue.
Applications for admission may bo addressed to
Dlt. T. I.. OlllSWOLl),
Principal.
COL. J. O. FHEEZE,
Secretary.
Aug. 14,'74-ly
GREENWOOD '.SEMINARY-
riIIJ'j Circcnwtod Seminary will open thcral1
. j. i VI HI Ul CLllUUl
Sth JIONTII ICth, 187o,
under tho caro of Friends, with A. W. Potter, 11. E.,
1 1 lUllfUl.
The deslrablo location of this School and tho lilnh
standing of the principal amongst educators and
students nru seldom found, students from a distance,
can reach the seminary by public conveyance at a
trifling cost from illoomsburg, l'a. Hoarding can be
had at the Seminary or private houses on reasonablo
terms. For particulars Inquiry may bo mado of Ellis
r.cs, .wuuii lousier, ur it. c, ,vcs, .Mimiuc, i a., or
T. E. Eves, Danville, l'a.
MlllUlle, 7 ino.,fi, ls7f. tf.
CARRIAGE
MANUFACTORY
llLOOMSllUltQ, FA.
JI. C. SLOAN &. 15ROT1IER
HAVE on lmutl nnd for sale nt the most
reitsoiublo rates a splendid stock ot
and evury description of Wagons both I'LAIN and
FANCY,
Warranted to ho mado of tho best and most durable
inaeenals, and by tho most experienced workmen.
All work Font out from tho establishment will bo
tound lo bo of Iho highest class nnd sum to glvo per
fect satisfaction. They have also a lino assortment of
SLEIGHS
ot all tho" newest and mot fashlonablo styles well
and carefully mndo and ot tho best material.
An Inspection ot their work Is nsked ns Itl s be
lieved that nono superior can bo found In tho coun
try.
July 1, 1873-tf.
KEYSTONE CARRIAGE WORKS!
RLOOJISRURQ. I'ENN'A.
A ac
che.i
oxulaugu Ii
S. OROSSLEY lias on hand ami for sale
caper Hun Iho cheapest, lor cash, or will
for old Wagons on reasonable terms,
CARRIAGES,
RUGGIES,
AND
WAGONS
ot every description both plain and fancy.
Portable Top Iluggles. open Huggles, Plain nnd
Fancy Platform Spring Wagons all of tho latest stylo
nnd mado of enod material and fully warranted.
(itvo mo a call before purchasing elsow here, as I can
not bo undersold. I claim that 1 make tho best wag
ons for tho least money.
I also do nalntinir. frlmmlnc? nnd renalr old work
at tho shortest notice,, old springs welded nnd wur-
riinieu 10 siaini or no pay. j w 111 exeuaugo u poi ui-
1.11
pal ill as cash.
Juljtl
A. S. CHOSMLEY,
LIGHT STREET
BUGGY & CARRIAGE
F. OJIAN hcrcliy Informs the piilillj
11, nt i.i.,iu ..,,tir,l Inln rinurf nerslitn with
IdWiother.tl.L. Oman, and that the business Will
ncreuiicr 00 euuuueivu uv., ...... .......v v..
11. v, uiax u. imoTiiiiit.
Thoy will havo on hand or manufacture to order
BUGGIES,
' CARRIAGES,
SPRING WAGONS,
LIGHT WAGONS.
ItOAll WAGONS.
nnd every thing In their lino of buslnoss, of tho best
material and most complete, workmanship, nnd ut
r.. . iiur ns em) tiu uiTorded.
0UI(C(ltU.
11. F, OMAN 11UOTHEH,
Atwj.n.'n-iy.
mis j'Arrn is on i ilr with
R DWELL & PHESMAN.
. Advertising Aoents,
THinn & CHESTNUT 8T8..6T.LOUI8, MO
Poetical
Selected for Tun coiX'Uiuam.
Ol'ITTIXW IA ItAIIi CAU.
BV A HUV.
Hitting In a nil car,
1'ljlng on by steam,
Head iigahist llm casement,
Dreamed acut loin dream j
Yell could not think It
All a thing Ideal,
For. though very monstrous,
It was very real.
First Micro came a gentlo-l
Man In patent leather,
Collar, bosom, wristbands,
ltagl.an for tho weather;
In I he height of fashion,
Watch-key, hat ami glove,
And with air profess'nal,
Hi'iT upon tho stove.
Near him sat nparson,
Telling how tho Ixjrd
Sent tho great lev Iraki,
lllossed thu preached word ;
Hut my dream discovered,
Ilo was not above
"llonoy-dow" or "line cut"
Spilling on tho stoiot
Next camo In a trader,
Pockets full of cosh,
Valked about the country;
(lolirgall to smash;
'TWIIS lllO ''WOMEN'S IlllKSSINO,"
Did tho thing, "iivjovk!"
Sipped a UKlo brandy,
Sen upon tho Ftovc.
Then a Jolly farmer,
i:raglngof hH wheat,
Thought his swlno and horses
Nowhoro could Ijo beat;
"Like lo bell his Durhams,
11V the head or drove,"
Kepi hlsjiws n wagging,
sciT upon tho Move.
l'.nldy thought 'twas "ijuaro" llko
To bo silting still,
All the while a-goln'
Over bos nnd hill;
Twos aglot loin counlra,
Sure," as ho could prove,
Equal lo his betteis,
Si-it upon the etovo.
Witless, pci turned dandy,
rutting on his nlrs,
Flourished diamond breast pin,
Smoked In lorwnrd ear,
Talked about Lamcrcaax,
"Such a pel feet love,"
Twirled a carrot moustache,
Hnrupon tho stove,
Little boy In short coat
Wants to bo a man,
Following example
As tho surest plan ;
Watches gent anil parson,
Copies every mov e,
And, with Pat nnd trader,
Sens upon tllo slove.
Soon the 115 lng roil car
Hecks wilh nauseous steam,
Ladles almost Mini lng,
Children In a scream ,
Husband, asking lady,
" Wuat's tho matter love 1
Havo a glass of water V
Sens upon tho stov e.
On wo go, el 111 tiling,
Notabrealhof air
Fit for Christian pw.plo
In that crowded car;
sickening, fainting, dying,
Ladles make a move,
flcnt I brow s up tho window
SriTs upon the stove.
Talk of ladles' flounces,
millions Jewel?, Dowers,
O Inollnes and perfumes,'
Gossip, Idle hours -Put
all faults together
Which men can't approve,
Anid they're not a match for
Si'irriMi on Hie Mine.
Miscellaneous.
Mother Shinton's l'ropliccy.
Every now anil then, for these -100 years
and more, sonio 0110 has brought to light Iho
prophecy and memory of Jlother Shipton.
As event follows event in mechanical pro
gress, her doggerel vcres tall in so pat that
they must needs ho quoted. This Jlother
Shipton was one that would havo taken high
rank as a medium in our day ; in lier's, the
fifteenth century, she was said to havo been
begotten, liko tho wizard Jlcrlin, of tho
phantasm of Appullo, or some, ajrial demon
under that guise, and a beautiful orphan
Yorkshire girl, mimed Agatha. Sho had
tho wield, hmelv girlhood that tho child of
shame is apt to nave, avoided or persecuted
by thoso who should havo been her mates ; sho
was christened Ursula by the Abbot of liev
crly, and grew up so eccentric and unnatur
ally shrewd that by and bj;thi tradition, in
thoso superstitous days, grew about her
birth. SI10 prophesied as sho grew older,
and oven "persons of quality" consulted her.
Sho told tho great Wolsey that he, should
never come to York, and, indeed, when with
in eight miles of it, ho was arrested by Nor
thumberland at King Henry's order, and
brought to Leicester, whero ho died. Alo
sho is said lo havo loietold tho great firo of
London, tho execution of Charles I. and
many notable events besides of tho Reform
ation of tho reign of Eli.abcth and dames.
At tho ngc of seventy-three sho foretold her
dentil, nnd at tho hour predicted sho died.
lleriinmonu popular tradition in York
shire even to-day, and tho tradition is found
ed in part on fuel. Her famous prophecy
was said lo havo been published in her life
time, nnd again two huedred years ago, it
was certainly published forty years ago, for
wo havo seen it in .1 book of that time, whero
it was said to bo copied from an older book.
Though most of Iho items aro vaguo enough
some show a marked coincidence witli ie
nmrkablo events, such m tho invention of
steam, railway locomotives and tunnels, tho
telegraph, ironclads, and tho admission of
Jews into Parliament (in lf58). Without
further preface, theso aro tho elegant lines j
Carriages without horses shall go.
And accidents till Iho world with woo;
Aiiitmd tho world thoughts shall lly
In the tw I nklltig ot an oj e.
Water shall jet moio wonders do,
Now slraugc, but yet they shall bo truo ;
Tho world upsldo down will bo
And gold bo found at tho tool of a treo ;
Through hills men shall 1 Ido
A ml hoi so.nor nss be ut Ids sldo ;
l'ndcr water ini n shall walk.
Shall ilde, shall sleep, shall talk ;
In tho air shall men bo seen
In w hlte, In black, In green ;
Iron In tho water shaU iloat
As easy lis a v ooden I toat ;
Hold shall bo found and shown
In tho land that's not now known:
Flro and vvalei.shall wonders do;
Holland shall at last admit a Jew;
Tho world to nn cud shall comu
In eighteen bundled ilghty-ono.
No two sides of any human aro precisely
alike. It is tho tamo with every limb, 110
pair of limbs nio fashioned alike, One. hand
is almost always larger thtiu tho otht'r ; so
with the foot, tho leg and tho arm, lint tho
greatest of all marvels U this; never wcro
two human faces alike.
A tipsy man, who mistook n globo lamp,
witli letters 011 it, for tho queen of night,
exclaimed; "well, I'd bo (hie) blest, if
somebody hain't bluck an advertisement on
tho (hlo) moon,"
CMIAItlMKM) MOT CASKS.
Charge of Jmlso Orvls.
Commonwealth
Ralph Parks, ct. nl.'
In Iho Quarter
Sesions(if Clear
field county.
('HAimr, of the couivr.
GCNTLEMEN" OF Till'. JHItY. Thh is ail
indictment pioHented by Iho Grand .Iiiry of
this county against fifty-two persons named
in tho indictment, charging them in tho first
count wilh liot, and in iho second and third
counts with conspiracy, to Increase tho price
of wages for mining coal front fifty to sl.'ity
cents per ton, by means of threats, inliini
datioiH nnd violence, directed towards other
porsons who wcro willing to work in tho
mine.i at tho former price.-. A continuance
was granted to two of tho defendants by tho
Court, ti tioh proicqul was entered by tho
Conmionvvalth as to six others and twelve
others failed to appear. Tho remaining
thirly-tvvo defendants appeared and severally
pleaded notgullty. You havo been nvoin to
try tho issue thus joined between tho Com
monwealth and these thirty-lvvo defendants.
A riot is a tumultuous disturbance of tho
public peaco by three persons or more, as
sembling together of their own authority
with an intent mutually lo assist one anoth
er agaimt any 0110 who shall oppose them
in tho execution of some, private object, and
afterwards executing tho samo in it violent
and turbulent manner, lo the terror of tho
people, whether the act intended is lawful or
unlawful. It requires thrco persons at least
to he engaged to constitute a riot. Whero
there are less than that number their offeino
may bo an affray, an assault and bntlery, or
some oilier offense, but cannot amount to a
riot. All persons acting in concert and pres
ent aiding ami abetting when a 1 lot occurs,
aro guilty as principals. It is not what 0110
individual does, but what is dono by all that
constitutes the riot. And every person pres
ent taking part, or aiding and abetting those
who lake an active part are guillyof what
all ditl. Poisons who happened to be there
by accident or wore drawn there by idlo cu
riosity, but took 110 part witli tho rioters by
actor word cannot beheld responsible for
the riot. Tho Commonwealth alleges that
these defendants, together with others to the
number of several hundred, were guilty of a
riot at GomRuii, this county, on the 11th of
Jlay ht-t. if you find from tho evidence thai
on tho 11th of Jlay at Goss Run, three or
more persons assembled and proceeded to
carry out their object in a riotous, tumultu
ous and violent manner to such an extent
as to put tho persons who came there to woik
in fear, tho parties thus acting would bo
guilty of a riot, and if any or all of these
defendants wero present taking an active
part witii the rioters or for tho purpose of
aiding or abetting them, they should be con
victed under tho first count of this indict
ment. Only siuh of the defendants as wero
pro-cut on that occasion can be convicted of
a riot, whatever you may find as to their
guilt or innocenco of the other charge of tho
indictment.
As we have air. ady stated, this indictment
contains two counts for eouspitacy. These
cuiuts cl.irgo substantially tho samo offense,
merely vaiyiug in tho manner of stating the
citcn Hstanees. Conspiracy is whero two or
more persons agree or combine together,
and to carry out an tubwfnl purpose, or to
carry out an iodini'Tnt, or lawful purpose
by unlawfjil means. It would bo impossible
for us to detail to you all of tho various com
binations which havo been heretofore held
to amount to cou-p'tracy. All combinations
to do unlawful acts, or to do acts otherwise
lawful by unlawful means are held to be in
dictable as eou-piiaeies. Other acts, which
when done by an individual, arc perfectly
lawful, when done by a (iimbin.Uiuu of two
or more, becomo unlawful. Tho law upon
this subject is so well laid down by tho picj
ent Chief Justice of the Supreme court of
this State, in tho ca.so of tho .Morris Run
Coal Company vs. The Rarclay Co.il Compa
ny, 18 P. F. Smith, 170, that wo will read to
you a portion of his opinion. This was an
action of debt brought by tlio plaintiff
against tho defendant upon an accepted
draft. Tho defense was that the draft had
been given in pursuance of a combination
or agreement between fivo coal companies,
tho ptirpo-o of which was to rcgulato tlio
prico of coal, which combination w.ii al
leged to bo illegal and Iho draft, therefore,
without legal consideration,
JiidgoAjnew says: "Tlio effects produced
on public interests lead lo tho consideration
of another feature ot great weight in deter
mining the Illegality of the contract, to-wit:
tlio combination resorted to by Uico five
companies. Singly each might have sus
pended deliveries and sales of coal to suit us
own interests, and might havo raised tho
prico even though this might havo been det
rimental to tho public interest. There is 11
certain freedom which must bo allowed to
every one in tho management of his own af
fairs. When competition is left fice, indh
vidual error or folly will generally find a
correction in tho conduct of otliets. Rut
here is a combination of till these companies
operating in tho lllossburg and li.uelay mi
ning regions, and controlling their entire
productions. They havo combined together
to govern tho supply nnd tlio piico 01' coal
in all iho ninilc.s from v'id Iludniit to tho
Jlissisippi rivers, and fiom Pennsylvania b
tho lakes. This combination has a power
in its confederated form winch no indi
vidual notion can confer. The public inlei
est must succumb to it, for it has left no
competition freo to correct its baleful inllu
enco. When tlio supply of coal is suspend
ed, tlio demand for it becomes importunate
and prices must rise, or if tho supply goes
forward, tho price fixed by tlio cop federates
must accompany It. Tho domestic hearth,
tho furnace of the iron master, and the
(ires of tho manufacturer, all feel tho re
straint, whilo many dependent hands are
paralizcd and liuugiy mouths nro stinted
Tlio inlluenco of .1 hick of supply or a rise
111 tho prico of an aiticlo of such primo no
ccssity, cannot bo measured. It permeates
tho entire mass of community, nnd leaves
few ot its members untouched by its wither
ing blight. Such a combination is morothnn
a contract, it is nn offense. I tako it, saM
Gibson, J,, a combination is criminal when
ever tlio act to bo done lias a necessary ten
deiicy to prejudico tho public or to oppress
Individuals, by unjustly subjecting them to
tho powerof tho conledcrates, and giving ef
fect to tho ptirpo 'o of tho latter, whether of
cxtorliouor ol mischief; Commonwealth vs.
Carlisle, llrighlly's Rep, 10, In all such
combinations when tho purpose is injurious
or unlawful, tho gist of tho oflenso Is tho
conspiracy, Jlcn can often do by tho coin
blnatlon of many, what severally 110 ono
could accomplish, nnd even what when
dono by ono would bo innocent. It win held
in Thu Commonwealth vs. Kberle, U S. it R.
9., that It was an indictable conspiracy for a
portion of a German Lutheran congregation
to combino and agree together to prevent
another portion of tlio congregation by force
ot nrms, from using tho English language in
the worship of God among Iho congregation.
So a conspiracy lo assist it female infant to
escape from her father's control with a view
to marry her against his will, is indictable
as a conspiracy at common law, while it
would havo been no criminal olleiiso if ono
nlono had Induced her to elono witli and
marry him. Jlilllln vs. Commonwealth 5
W. & S, 401, Ono man or many may libs
an actor; but if thoy conspire lo do it they
may ho punished; per Gibson, 0. J. Hood
vs. Palm S, U.irr233 ; 1 llnsscl on crIiu.esV5H.
And action for a conspiracy to defaino will
bo supported though tho words bo not ac
tionable, if spoken by 0110: Hood vs. Palm
supra. Defamation by tho outcry of num
bers, says Gibson, C. J., is. ns resistless ns
defamation by tho written act of an indivitl-
ml, And says Coulter, J., "the concentra
ted energy of several combined wills, ope
ning simultaneously and by concert upon
one individual, is dangerous even to tho
cautious and circumspect, but when brought
to hear upon the unwary and unsuspecting,
ills fatal ; Twitchell vs. Commonwealth,!)
ISarr all. Thcro is a potency in liumbcni
when combined, which iho law cannot over
look, where injury is tlio consequence. If
tho conspiracy bo to commit a crime or an
unlawful act, it is easy to determine its in-
lietablo character. It is moro difficult when i
the act to bo dono or purpose to be accom-
ilished is innocent in itself. Then tho of
lenso takes its hue from tho motives, tlio
means or tho consequences. If thOjinotivcs
of tho confcdctalcs bo to npp -o-s, the means
they use unlawful, or tho consequenco to
others injurious; their confederation will
becotno a conspiracy. Instances are criven
in Tlio Comnmiweolth vs. Carlisle, llright
Rep. s'O. Among Uio.so mentioned as crimi
nal is a combination of employers to depress
tho wages of journcym-Mi below what thev
would be, if lliero w ne no i-esortto aitifichil
means ; and a eoinbio.nlim of the bakers of
a town to hold 11,1 (ho ntl'clo of bread, and
by means of scarcity ihus produced to ox-1
ort an exorbitant prico for if. Tho lalter
nstanco is precisely parallel witli tho pres
ent caso. It i3 tho effect of tho act noon tho
public which gives that caso and this its
evil aspect as tho rcsu't of confederation, for
any baker might choose to hold up his own
bread or coal operator his coal, rather than
sell at ruling prices; but when ho dest.oys
competition by a combination with others,
the public can huy.of no one.
In rex vs. l)e. ISercumictal, 3 JI. & S. 07,
it was held to be a conspiracy to combino to
raiso the public funds on a particular day by
lalso rumor. The purpose itself, said Lo-d
EMcnborougii, is mischievous. Itstrikeslat
the price of a valuable commodity in the
market, and if it-gives a fictitious prico by
means of false rumor, it is a fraud levelled
again-1 the public, for it is against, nil such
as may possibly havo tmyth'tig to do with
tlio funds on that particular day. Eveiy
'comer," in tho language of tho day, wheth
er it bo to afoot the pneo of articles of com
merce, such us breadstiilfs or tho price of
vendible stocks, when accomplished by con
federation to taise or depress tho price and
operate 011 the markets is a conspiracy. The
ruin often spread abroad by these ltc.mlcss
conspira' ies is inilc icribable, frequently fill
ing tho land with starvation, poverty and
woe. Every aso;iatioii i.i crimhul whore
the object is to raio or depiess the pneo of
labor beyond what it would bring if it wero
left without aililicial aid -ir s ituuliis. Rex
vs. liycrdyko 1 JL & S. 17!). In the caso of
such associations the illegality consists most
frequently in tho means employed to cavrv
out the object. To Ik a standard of prices
among men in Iho samo employment, as a
freo bill, is not in it.-clf criminal, but may
becomo so when the parties v.irt to coer
cion, restraint or penalties upon tho em
ployed or cmplnjers, or what is worse, to
force of nrfiis. If tho means bo unlawful
tho combination is indictable. Common
wealth vs. Hunt, 4 Jlctc. 111. A conspiracy
of journeymen of any trade or handicraft to
raise the wages by entering into a combina
tion to coei ee journeymen and master work
men employed in tho samo branch of indus
try, to confotm to inles adopted by such
combination for tho puiposo of regulating
Ihe price of labor, and eanying suehiiilcs
into i-"'ect by overt acts, is indictable as a
misdemeanor. Li Vi narr, (J. u, citing tho
oplo vs. I'ishblee, 1 1 Wend, !). Without
multiplying examples, theso are sufficient
to illusi K'o the 1 1 110 aspect of tlio caso before
in, and lo show that a combination such as
these companies entced into lo control the
supply and p'icn of tho lllossburg and R.ir
cla regions is T'cgul, and tho contract there
fore void."
You therefore, that any agreement,
conibidilion or confedeiatitm to increase or
lcprc.vs tho price of any vendible coniuiodi
ty, whether labor, merchandise or nnythiut
elo is indictable u a conp'racy under the
lavv.sof PeiMisylv.uil.t. Each individual has
tin loubtcd right to demand whatever prico
ho p'eases, for bis labor or property even
though it should be twice or thrice its mar
ket value ; but ir ho enters Into a combina
Hon wilh others to compel tho employer or
purchaser 10 pay tho pneo thus demanded
by destroying competition, tho combination
becomes an indictable offense. So with Iho
employers, whether coal operators or others,
if they enter imo a combl iuiIoii lo redueo
the prico of labor, it is conspiracy and in
dictable in Iho couri.s, Each individual mav
determine to pay no moro tiriii a certain
pi'co for a given kind of labor, but if ho en
ters into a Tonibi.iat'ou wiih other employeis
to contiol the pi ico by destroying competi
tion, ho and his lonfedor.itiM aro guilty of
conspiracy. Th's always has been tho law,
not only with regard to labor, hut everything
else, n.id still remains tho law, except ns
modified by nn act of tho Legislature of
Juno 14, 1S72, I will read that act au ex
plain tho change it has mado in tho law as
laid down by Chief Justice Agnew,
"It shall bo lawful for any laborer or
laborers, woikinginau or workingincn, Jour
neyman or journeymen, acting cither its in
dividual or ns tho member of any club,
society or association, to rcfiiso to work or
labor for any person or persons, whenovcr,
in his, her or their opinion, tho wngos paid
nro Insiilllcirut, or tho treatment of such
laborer or laborer, wnrklnguinn or working-
men, journeyman or journeymen, by his, her
or their employer is buitnlor offensive, or
tlio continued labor by such luborcror labor
ers, workingmnii or workjngnien, journey
man or journeymen, would bo contrary to
tho rules, regulations or by-laws of nfiy
club, secicty or organization to which lie,
sho or they might belong, without subjecting
any person or persons so refusing to woik or
labor, to prosecution or indictment for con
spiracy, ilndor tlio ciiminnllawsof the Com
monwealth ; I'rooitlcit, That this net shall
not bo held to apply lo the member or mem
bers of any club, society or organization, tho
constitution, by-laws, rules and regulations
of which, aro not in strict conformity to the
constitution of tho Statu of Pennsylvania,
and to tlio constitution of the United States ;
l'roviacd, That nothing herein contained
r-hall prevent tho prosecution and punish
ment, under existing laws, of any person or
persons who shall, ju any way, hinder per
sons who desire to labor for their employers
from eo doing, or other persons from being
employed as laborers.
You will observe the purpose and scope of
this act. II authorizes laborers acting ei
ther as individuals or ns members of any as
sociation to icfuso to labor whenever tho
wages aro not satisfactory, their treatment is
brutal or offensive, or when further labor
would bo contrary to the rules, regulations
or bylaws of their association, without being
liable lo indictment for conspiracy. All this
laborers had a right to do prior o tbo pas
sage of tho act, if they acted simply as indi
viduals; but if they associated together and
acted in otieci'i, t heir conduct was criminal
This act simply destroys tbo crim'iialily of
conceited action on lite part of laborers in
lefusing to wo.k for any of the three reasons
given in tho act itself, lly the fir it proviso
tlio act is mads not to apply to tho members
of any organization whose constitution, by
lrvv.s and rules aro not in strict conformity to
tho constitution of Iho United Stales and of
this Commonwealth. In order to prevent
any misunderstanding as to the meaning of
tho Legislature, tho second proviso continues
tlio liability to "prosecution and punishment
under existing law of any person or persons
who shall in any way binder persons who de
sire to labor for their employers from so do
ing, or other persons from being employed
as laborers." It ful'ows, therefore, that au
agreement or combination amoug labu-ittg
men to quit work for l'io ptuj oo of increos
ing ihe prtto of their labor, or improving
their trea.motil, is not unlawful thus fur
the law authorizes them to act in concert ;
but if they go oao step fur.her and nllcmpt
in any way to binder or prevent, persons who
aro w j'hng to labor from so diung, their acis
be-jomn udluw.'ul and llteir combination
criminal.
The questions of fact which'yoi must dc
teimine, under this branch of Iho c.-v-e, are,
was there an agreement, combi.iution, or
confederacy entered into by these defendants
and other miners in tho Jloshaiinon district
iluring tho months of April or Jlay last?
If so, what was tho n.nuro and character of
that agreement, combination or con'edeuicy?
If it was merely to quit work in order to
gaii au increased price for their labor, the
combination was not criminal; but if the
igi cement went further nnd Iho pa-ties com
bining, not only agreed ihemse'ves to quit
work, but to hinder or prevent persons f-om
laboring in tho mines nt tho former p.-iccs by
means of threats, intimidations and, if need
be, actual violence, then tho combination
was criminal and ail parties to it liable to
indictment and conviclio;i fur "conspiracy.
JIuch has been said during tho piogress of
this trial upon tho merits of the supposed
conflict between capital and labor tho con
test between tho operators and tho working
men. It is not our intention to discuss tho
merits of this contest. If cither party has
been wronged, tho law, if appealed to, would
furnish a complete "emcdy, and to tho law
both parlies must appeal when they have, or
magino they havo grievauces which need a
remedy. Xcitiier party cat bo permitted to
tako tho law into their own hards and right
their own teal or fancied woags. If the la
boring men aro not paid their wages, if they
are ciicatcd in tho weight of theii co.il, if
their Iceuiiiieut by their employers is brutal
or offensive, or if they sufler any other real
wrongs or injuries, the law will furnish them
ndcotintc means oi repress. It tliero is a
combination among their employers to op
press them in any manner, they may bo in
dicted for conspiracy in Iho courts, and the
net of 1S72 will not relieve, bccatiso it does
not apply to them. In Ibis country 110 ono
can bo compelled to rcork against bis will,
unless ho becomo an inmate of a workhouse
or pcniteutiaiy. ' Xothingcau properly con
tiol tho piico of labor but the law of supply
and demand. If work is plenty nnd labor
ers scarce, thoy can increase their wages by
demanding it, becau-o the employer.has no
option. If work is scarce and laborers plen
ty, competition will bring down the price of
labor as it w ill of eveiytbiug else. No class
of men has tho right to monopolize any par
ticular kind 0" labor. Each individual has
tho right. lo engage in any kind of woik that
suits him. and to sell his labor for any prico
110 can obtain lor it. and a combination or
organization designed to interfere witli this
right is against public policy and unlawful.
A'l pi- . -ins who labor for o'bers do so upo.i
the terms ot a contract o'tber expres or im
plied. If an agreement is made in advance
as to tho wages, it is an exorcss oomract ; if
no such agreement is made, iho law implies
a contract on the part of xho employer to
pay whatever tho labor is reasonably wotlh
or what others aro receiving for similav worl:
N either the employer nor employee can com
pel tho other to pay or receive morn or le.-s
than ho is willing to couirict for, Tho law
give3 tho employer no right lo impo-e upon
tlio laborer, for if ho is dissatisfied with his
wages or his ttcaiment, ho may go el-cwhero
or seek oilier employment tho whole cou-i
try is open and feo 10 b'm, but bo must not
prevent or hinder others fiom working who
are willing to do so.
H is niiegcu by 1110 defense in tins caso
that the combination to which tho
uoienuiitits ueiongen was a lawiui 0110
flic association known as "Tho Jlincrs'
Xiitionnl Asso jiation" of which most
them nro members, Is a legal nnd legitimate,
organization under tho laws of Pennsylvania
Pomona of tho constitution and by-laws 0
this organization havo been given iuovlde.ieo
nnd lead tn you, to show that tho object of
tho o-,;aiiizatloii is not only lawful, but com
mcndablc, untl that thu by-laws and rules
nro not in conflict with tho Constitution of
the United States, or of this State. AU thi:
may be truo. Thero may bo an organization
for a perfectly legitimate object, and Iti
members nuiy combino to do unlawful nets,
and thus iiiaEo theiiiFelvos tjiillly of conspl
acy, It does not follow that, because tho or
iginal objects of a society nro legitimate
that everything l.s members do is lawful
L'Tho organization of n religions congregation
lawful, but tbo combination of somo of its
members lo prevent tho tiso of thu English
language in tho public worship has been
hold to bo unlawful' Au association of mi
ners is itcclf lawful. There nro many other
associations, societies, and organizations,
hich aro perfectly lawful in themselves,
and thcro can bo no proper complaint against
icm, Unless their members proceed to do
hat is unlawful. Whilo there may bo noth
ing in tho constitution of "The Miners' As
sociation" in conflict with tho constitution
and laiv'3 of this State, tho provision of Ar
ticle 8, concerning strikes, is not in harmo
ny with tho spirit of our govcrnnion and in
stitutions. To transfer to certain officers, or
.1 central committee, tho power to lcgalizo
refuse fo legalize a suspension of work,
tends to tako away from individuals the con
trol over their own timo and labor, which
tho law gives them. All organizations or ar
rangements which givo to ono person tho
ght to say whether it is legal or proper for
another to work under any given slate of cir-"
oumstatioes, must produce pernicious results.
Hie law recognizes tho most perfect liberty
f each individual to control his own timo
and labor, free from tho coercion or dictation
of any other individual or associations. Rut
bother tho purposes of this organization
tro expedient or not, is not tho question for
on to decide. Tho simple question for you
determine is-, whether thnso defendants
entered into a combination lo do an unlaw
ful act, or au act otherwiso lawful but in an
unlawful manner. If they did, they aro
guilty of .1 conspiracy and fhotil 1 be convic-
If they proceeded to c.ir'y out their
urposos at Goss Run, on tho lltb of Jlay,
11 .1 violent, tumultuous and riotlios manner,
so as to put peaceable citizens in fear, they
aro guilty of a riot and should bo convicted
under tho first count of tho indictment.
You must determine all questions of fact,
ncludiug Iho credibility of witnesses. If
0 are mistaken in tho law, as we have laid
down lo you, aid the defendants, or any
f them, are injured thereby, thev havo a
complete remedy under a recent st.itute by
removing the case to the Supremo Court for
review.
This case has occupied much litac. JIauy
iinoases havo beeti called, and tho facts
avo been argued at gteat length by able
counsel on both sides. This was proper.
Tlio caso is of great impoi lance not only 10
tho defendants, but tho public. Probably
no calumny can befall a community greater
lhan that jiotand viole ice should prevail.
popula- w.'iter 111 a recent work, says : A
ot unpunished is rcvolution'begiiti." It is
absolutely necessary fur tho peace of society,
ut me maintenance ot oruer, mat an com-tuuii-iis
resuLiuz in violence, bo nut down
nd proper1)' punished. If ihe civil power
f government administered by courts and
uries is inadequate to do this, iliero is but
one other resource resort to military' force.
Upon you rests the responsibility of deter
mining whether the peaceful machinery of
the law is sufficient to maintain peace and
order in your county, and to punish, all offen
ders against the same, or whether ncrealter
resort must be had to the military power of
tlio commonwealth in caso of like combina-
ons. If these defendants aro cuiltv of tho
ofTeuso charged in tlio indictment, they
should be convicted. If tho evideuco fails
to satisfy you of their guilt, thev should bo
acquitted. Of course you must discriminate
in individual cases. If tho Commonwealth
has failed lo provo that anv ono of the de-
l . . : . 11 , , . ....
leouuuis ' giuuy, nu is cfu.ucu io a veruict
of acquittal. You may convici auy of tho
defendants of one or both charges. Each
ndividual defendant is entitled to everv rea
sonable doabr such c doubt as would mako
prudent man hesitate before comine: lo a
cooclusiou. As this is a misdemeanor, in
caso of a general acquittal, you havo power
over tne costs ami must sny uy your verdict
netner tlio county, prosecutor, or dclcml-
nnt, shall pay the costs : or you may divido
tlio cosis beiwee-i tlio prosecutor and de
fendants in such portion as you deem proper.
it you impose any part 01 1110 costs on tlio
prosecutor, you must name him in your vcr-
uct. 11 you i-oiii'ict any ot tlio defendants
f either oflenso, you sav nothing about tho
cosfj.
Counsel for tho defendants have submitt-
d certain points of law upon which thev ask
nslructions. Wo will now read and auswer
these points.
First The Court aro renuestcd toinst.net
tho jury that if fhey believe Iho miners act
ed under Iho organization of "Tho Jlincrs'
National Asnoeition," such organization was
not in law a conspiracy, but justified by tho
act of Assembly.
aiis. vto cannot so instruct you, lor the
reasons already given in our ceneral charue.
Tho Jlincrs National Association" mav of
itself bo a lawful association, and yet its
members bo guilty of conspiracy and riot.
Second Tlio defendants are not under tho
evidence guilty of a conspiracy, or of au tin-
lawiui combination or coiilederntion. tho
overt acts, if any wero committed, being tho
acts of individual members, and not of tho
Association.
Ans. 0 cannot instruct von as mnttm-
f law that tho defendants aro not miiln-
This is a question of fast which vou must
ileterinitio from tho evideuco under the in
structions wo have given.
mini it acis ot violenco or intimidation
vycro done, or if threats were made, the of
fe'ice was that of individuals who alone aro
espoiuiblo tor their conduct.
Ans. U 0 aro uncertain whether wo 1111.
dcrstnnd tho meaning of this point or not,
"The Jlincrs' National Association" is not
ndicted here, iho defendants aro not in
dicted as a corporation, but as individuals,
who aro charged with having entered into
111 unlawful combination to preveut men
from working, and aro to bo convicted, if at
nu, as iimiviuuais, aim not as members 01
ine .Miners ..National Association."
Fourth Under the evidence in this c.isp.
tlio only oll'ciio that tho defendants could in
auy way be convicted of, would bo riot, and
tho evideuco docs not justify that, as there
is 110 evideuco that anything was dono to in
spire tho people with terror,
aus. 0 cannot instruct vou asreouosted
on this point. This Is a question of fact
which you mii-t determine. II Iho defendants
entered into tho combination alleged in tho
indictment, tney arc guilty ot a conspiracy.
11 newer uiuy inn or lions a question 01 WCt
for jou to determine.
. 1- iftli Acts and languago used by any in
dividual towards Capt. Clark in a personal
altercation Is not sufficient evidence upon
which to louuu a conviction lor riot Tlio
acts must havo been dono by a combination
or confederation of threoor more.
Ans. In ono respect this is true. Single
nets, such as threats, or personal altercations
between 0110 man nutl another, wblild not
bo sufficient to constituto a riot. If there
was nothing but threats of one of iho de
fendants to do personal violence to Capt.
Clark, it would not justify u conviction tor
riot; but you must tako tub with all other
evidence in tho case and determlno from it
whether tho conduct of tho defendants at
Go.-s Run, on the 11th May, constituted riot,
us wo havo heretofore defined that offense to
you. If It did, tho defendants then and
there present, tnklng part in tho demonstra
tion, should bo convicted of riot. And if
they had entered into a combination tu pre
vent men front working intho mints at fifty
cents a ton, who wcro willing to work, they
nro guilty of 11 conspiracy.
To which chargo and answer to points fl 1
defendants' council except, and pray flio
same may bo reduced to writing and filod of
record, wh'ch Is hero done.
Jonv II. UnviM, , .s
Ad. Law Judge, seal, ly