tun
IH l'UIlLIBIIKU EVEttY FltltlAY MOI'.NINO
t.N TIIK COI.UMIIIAN nUH.DlNd HEAI1T1IK
COUIIT HOnSK, BY
HENRY L DIEFFENBACH,
kditoh amd rnoriiiETon,
Terms-Two Collars a Vear payaMo In advance.
OIRO'tll.ATION CCOO.
JOD PHIIITINQ
Ol'ttlileacrlpllona executed with ncntncKS nnd
dispatch nt rcnionnblo ralca.
GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE.
To the Semite and House of Jleprcscnta
lives of ll,e Commonwealth of lnnsyt
ran to, i
Giintlkmh.v: An All-wlso Provl
(k'lii'u lina iorinlttcd you to assemble
under clicumstiiiicos demanding pro
found grnlitudo to tlio ((rent Lawgiver
of tho Universe. Our acknowledgments
nro first duo to Illm whoso Imnd has
not grown weary in showering blessing
In profusion upon tho peoplo in overy
department of Industry, nnd crowning
their toll with rlchust rewnrds.
Tlio circumstances under which you
commence tho duties ot tho present
session are, indeed, nuspiciom j nnd nt
no former period In our history 1ms
thero been greater cause for felicitation
upon tho inestlmablo blessings wo en
joy, and tlio happy and prosperous con
dition of our great and growing Com
monwealth. Tho meeting of tho General Assem
bly Is always a matter or deep Interest
to tho people, and perhaps never moro
ho than now, when an unusual amount
of necessary irencral legislation wllloecii
py your attention, nnd questions of tho
highest Importance aro to bo discussed
and determined upon. I sincerely trust
your Industry nnl faithfulness In the
performance of tho Important work bo
lord you, will win you thu proud title
of " tlio working Legislature.1'
Amid such drcuinstnueos our atten
tion should bo directed to a careful re
view of nil tho most Important and es
sential Interests of tho State; and In
tho exercise of that discretion which
the Constitution has coullded to tho Ex
ecutive, I proceed to communicate such
Information, nnd in recommend toyour
consideration such measures ns aro
deemed necessary nnd expedient.
As llrt in order and most Important,
I will present a carefully prepared and
precise statement or tho financial con
dition of tho Commonwealth.
l'INANG'LH.
It aflbrds mo pleasure to congratu
late tho people upon tho satisfactory
condition of tho Treasury. Every de
mand upon it for ordinary and other
expenses has been promptly paid, and
the public debt materially reduced,
which has Inspired such public conll
denco In tho securities of tlio Common
wealth as to causo them to command
tho highest premiums in tho market.
Tho operations of this department will
bo presented to you more fully and In
detail In tho reports of tho Auditor
General, State Treasurer, and Commis
sioners of the Sinking Fund. Tho fol
lowing statement exhibits the receipts
and disbursements for thu fiscal year
ending Nov. .'ill, 187(1:
ItKClUl'TS.
llnlnnrc hi Ticmiry, November 31,
Islil &1,IW,UU I'l
Ordinary ri-ciSptH tiiirini: the ilsiul
S'enr cmtlng .Nmiinbirli'i, ly'D U,nil,(OT 21
Tntnl tn Trrnsury during year eliding
November im, ls7u 87,7.17, IfVi 7.1
lllSIlUltSKMLNIS.
(lidlnary expenses paid
ilurliiir tho yearend
Ini: November nu, 1571), S.'.siii.si; m
IrfiaiiH, etc., redeemed., . I,7il.'.s7'l Hi
lnti-rt'sl ou loans lil,Sll 77
Tolal 11,111,52! 01
h.ilntir-oln Treasmy, November 10,
IS70 SI,:ii2,'M2 w
l-uiu.ic lir.ni
Tho public, dibt duo on Nowmhcr
18WI, was 8.l-',MI,iSU Hi
IKillltt ain't, ledeeined
m ninkiiiK MiiKt
jmAL ,'itlssloneiH tltir
J.j jl"' ll-cal year
i-ncllfiir NovemberoO,
Istii Slie.vi.'i ,ii
Aliunilit redeemed by
Treasurer ilurlnu!tho
Humu lime 10 ,1.17 71
Tolal
I.TOS.STU W
Tolal public debt, Not.
an, is7u
8ll,Ill,(i(ll 00
Tho following statement shows tho
natiiro of tlio indebtedness of the Com
monwealth, November !!0, 18711:
funded debt, vlr.:
Amount or ccr-iluo
loiinn 7o7,0."iO SI
Amount paabl li7l,
Innroslii per cent... 'J.TOO.'iiO 1X1
Amount payablo hi litf-',
lllti lest II ner cent .. I.7.S1.'KJ0 ill
Amount payublo In 17-.',
InlereHl .j pi r cent .
Amount payablo In 1-77,
lulorent li per cent .
Amount payable. Ill 1S77,
Inleiesl 5 ri-r eelit
Amount, pavablolu Is7.s,
lnttrt.sl.'pereint .
Alniiillit payablo In s7y,
lliteti ht li per e( nt ...
Amount pu.i able In las.',
lull it st .5 per cent ...
Amount pajablo In l.ss..
l)J,s.-,0 Ul
7,tW,.V10 (U
inti rihl l!c oer cent..
112,10 00
0,'.7J,aV) )
Amount payaljlo hi IksJ,
luti-lihlU per cent.. ..
Unfunded debt, viz:
Heller nolus In tlrcala-
llon
Inlereht certlllcaleti out-
htundliiK
Inli-iest eeillllcateH un-
chilmcd
IJomeKtie erei'ltoi's' cer-
illlcalos
MLOHi.TiM 31
iW,SS3 m
U.1.K.I 57
Tolal public debt, Nov. CO, 1S70, lis
uboo stated ,
S3I,1II,(I M
ljr.nuuTioN or tiii: l'um.iu diiht.
H)n the fifteenth day or January, 1SA7,
tho total indebtedness of tho Slate win
tlilily-sevcn million seven hundred and
four thousand four hundred ami nine
dollars and seventy-seven cents. Sinco
then, and up to November 110, 187(1, tlio
sum of. tor million Jive hundred and nine-ty-tim
thousand seven hundred and forty-seven
dollars and eiyhty-seven cents
has been paid. Tho reduction during
tho year ending November an, 1870, is
one. million seven hundred and tieo thous
and elyht hundred and seventy-nine, dol
lars and Jive cents.
Thu averago reduction per annum,
for tho last four years, Is one million six
hundred and forty-eight thouuind one
hundred and elylihi-seven dollars.
In view of tho fact that prior to tlio
first of July, 187-', nu.irly eight million
dollars of tho public debt will bu due,
and lu order that tho Commonwealth
may continue to meet all Its obligations
promptly at maturity, I recommend
that such provision bo made by tho
Legislature, as will authorize tho Coin
inlssloners of tho Sinking Kund to sell
nil the assets that may he lu their pos
session, and apply the proceeds to tlio
extinguishment of tho debt j or, at tlio
option of tho holders, to exchange them
fur tho outstanding bonds of tho Com
monwealth. Tho indebtedness! or tho Stalo might
bo paid in tho following manner: As
already Hhown, It was, on November
110, 1870, about thlrty-ouo million dol
lars, from which amount, If tho said as
sets, i'J.noO.OOO, bo deducted, thero
would remain unpaid J21,000,o(i0. Af
Jur whlehli'!t,"mjjiii.', tho revenues and
expenditures to continue l present,
tho entire liabilities of tho Ktu! could
bo lhiuldatcd In about eight years.
If this modo of paying thoStato debt
should bo regarded as unnecessarily
rapid and oppressive, then a movement
to rovlso and modify taxation may
meet with much moro general favor.
Our debt Is now held llrmly by those to
whom It Is a great bonellt to have so
becuroan investment. A certain reduc
tion of one million dollars per annum
on It would, perhaps, bu more satisfac
tory to them and to tho people, than to
Btrfvo to pay It oil' so hastily. In an
endeavor to force things under tho pres
ent modo of taxation, thero Is groat
danger of driving capital away from
our manufacturing centres. Tho land
holder has been exempted from taxes
ou h'.s land for Statu purposes, and tho
burden shifted on the active, enorgetlu
and enterprising portions of thu com
munity, who have always had their
VOLUME V, -.NO 2.
full slllirn In lim,- Tl... r
. k.... mo ituiiiur la m
ease, and runs mi rial-. ...i.n .. n...
, i, llllSblllUIIUII-
ncs man, merchant and manufacturer
nro thoniotlvo powerof tho community
upon which thufarmerlilmselfniust.lna
Kieiii i unsure, uopciid lor a realization
of his Imlnstrv A t.w.r. iti....i ....m..
. .Hutu iiwi.u iiuiiuy
towards thosn nntrnipod l, nPn,..(ii..
manufacturing, rallioad and mining
milium IJII nuopicd. unless
iiienu iiucresis nro lostercd and kept In
full onernllnii. nil nl.iJnu r.r u. . .....i..
W 111 Sillier. Thnv nrn II,,,,.,,,.,. Hi-.! i.i " i
. .1 t,. . . . - lJ mo'lllliuil
of tho Stale, nnd should not, In any
lruj, uu tuiimi or impelled, ny over
burdening them with taxation for thn
Inimnillatn nnvmmit nf lit,, ...,ii,.,. &(i..
Ill III 1 1 i .v . mo viiiuu ov,au
llllllll I11U7.
.w.hw..i ii;uiiiiiiuil(iuillllis, ill
my opinion, embraco thu truo policy of
thn ( ilnllnmat'n ilth ,m,l li ...i....in.i
..,111 .1.. i. . "" V
.i.i., uvuiaiuss, rei-uivu ti nearly res-
iiiiiiiu iiuu endorsement irom the poo
l'lf; '1 ho tax -payers deinaiul that all
their social, industrial, commercial and
lltlllMCPtl nilfirillllllld dmll 1... Kr.ll I
V oiMiii iiu ii:iiuvi'(l
from tho burdens of nny moro taxation
..in iiio i.u ni.v;u-5niiry jur uiu gradual
payment of tiio debt, ,as Is last above
Indicated, anil In ilnfVnv- llm r,.,i.r..l
tu'Uscs of the ndniliil'stmlliiM ?,r thn
government. Economy ami reform
should no lunger bo advocated as glit
tering generalities, or mete abstractions
without meaning or Intent, l.utas vital,
living rcalltle,.
CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION-.
..FH11I.i'c"' uxperloueo as an execu
tive officer has given mo abundant op
portunity for cnrcrul olnervatlon upon
tho workings of our fundamental law,
nnd tho legislation of tlio State. This
experience, hai strongly Impressed me
that thero should bo a thorough revis
ion or tlio Slatu Constitution, with such
amendments ns thu wisdom of n con
vention assembled for that nurpnso
would undoubtedly suggest, and an en
lightened publlu sentiment demand.
The authority for holding such con
vention Is found in tlio second section
of tho ninth at-tielu of tho Constitution,
and Is declared In these words : " Thai
all power Is Inherent In tho people, and
all freo governments nro loundcd on
their authority, and Instituted for their
peace, safely, and happiness. For tho
advancement of these ends, they have,
at nil limes, mi unallcnablo and inde
feasible right to alter, reform, or abol
ish their government, In such manner
as they may think proper."
Tho last convention for this purpose
was held In 18i!8. During thu thirtv
two years which havo slnco elap-cil,
sundry amendments havo been made
by Joint resolutions of tlio General As
sembly, and in complinnco witli tlio
tenth article of tho Uonstllnllim
approved nnd ratified by a majority of
me iiuuhiiuu voters oi uio state. Tho
most important were those or 18.'i0,
making tho Judges of tho courts elect
ive; of 18W, creating a Sinking Kund,
regulating tho public debt nnd logila
live districts; and of ISO I, conferring
tho riuht of siilfraL'o iinnii thn-i, mi.
gaged In the military sorvico ol tho
htatoor iMiiion, and imposing sundry
restraints on tho power or the Legisla
ture. Theo amendments, though Im
portant and valuable, irivnnn Inmmrrn.
ous and sort of patch-work character to
mo ujiisiiiuuoii, aim nro not consonant
with the requirements of tho times.
'lhisisa progressive period, and our
State has outgrown its fundamental
law. That law should, therefore, bu
made to keep paco with tho ago In
which wo live. Tlio existing Constitu
tion, including tlio amendments of 1857
anil I8b l, Iinposo many wholesome re
strictions on tho nower and liirlsillcttnn
of tlio Legislature; but experience has
iiemousiraieii iiieir lnauerjuacy to pro
tect the peoplo against thu evils intend
ed to bo remedied, am! especially thoso
of corporate power, and of special nnd
local legislation. Tho pamphlet laws
for tho last four years show that tho
general laws for each se-slon made only
about nno hundred pages, whilst the lo
cal and special legislation for the same
period amounted annually to about
thirteen hundred and fifty, 'The lesiilt
Ing evils are manifold and aggravated ;
and prominent among the reasons and
suggestions why a remedv should be
applied, I respectfully submit the fol
lowing :
J'irst. Different systems of laws for
roads, bridges, schools, eh etious, poor
hoiises and ipany other things, nro en
acted for tho several counties, town
ships nnd boroughs, on subjects which
might to bo regulated by general laws
operating uniformly upon all.
h'econd. It Is impossible for citizens,
Judges of the courts, or members of tlio
legal profession, to ncitilio or retain an
accurate knowledge oi Hie varying sys
tems of laws in their rcspictlvo dis
tricts; and fruiuently ou removal from
one county to another, our peoplo find
themselves under iilmoat entirely dlll'er
ent codes.
'fill rd. Practically, the whole theo
ry of our Constitution nnd government
Is subveited and destroyed by tho pres
ent system of local enactments. Hep
resontntlve government Is based on the
idea that thu laws shall he flamed by,
and lie tho result of, tlio collective wli
lout of tlio people's representatives.
Hut what aro the aclinl facts'.' Tlio
minds and ellorls of thu members
aro so wholly abiorlied by private
and local bills that It is almost Inipos
slblo to get a general or public- act
considered or passed. Tho speel.il and
local mils nro Usually drawn hy tho
member representing tho locality, or
bv some one from tho district iiileiest-
oil in tlio proposed law. Hy what is
called courtesy, It Is considered a breach
of etiquette for any member of tho
Senate or Iloitso to interfere with or
oppose a merely private or local bill of
any other member, Tim result is, the
mils uro passed as originally prepared,
without examination or comparison of
views, ofto'i crude and lll-dlgested,
and without regard to constitutional
remilreiiients, or sound nubile policy.
Some of tho worst of thesu hasty and
badly eonildend enactments uro arrest
ed every year by Executive interposi
tion ; mil in uio uuiiiru oi tnoci-c, the
veto at last cm only bo made a partial
restraint upon tho evil; and nothing
can orndicalo It short of constitutional
prohibition.
Fourth. Special legislation is (lie
great and Impure fountain of corrup
tion, private speculations and public
wrongs, It hai become a reproach to
republican government, and Is one of
tho most alarming uvlls of tho times,
Judicious amendments to tho Constitu
tion would arrest and destroy tho grow
ing ovil ; and it Is thoduty of every pa
triotic citizen to ID-operate in all lawful
measures to ctfect so desirable a con
summation. In the enactment ot laws
n radical clumjjc i" demanded, p. very
iiiTt presented" for adopiic.'; should ho
read, ut least oncu lu full, and the yeas
and nays bo recorded on Its final pas
sage. Fifth. li Is Important that tho Sltilu
Constitution should humadutoconform
to tho Constitution of tlio United Slates
as recently amended.
.Sixth. Tlio subject or minority rep
rcsentation Is now much agitated, and
Is receiving a largo Bliaro of considera
tion among thoughtful and considerate
men. It embraces problems of ircat
political Importance, and Its manifest
Justice commends It to public- favor.
Whilst some oi mo oojecis it proposes
might be obtained by legislative enact
monts, thu general principles Involved
uro bo elementary and radical, they
shuuld, If adopted, bo Incorporated In
to thu fundamental law.
Seventh. Tho members of tlio Gen-
eral Assembly should bo Increased In
number.
Fighth. Thero should bo n funda
mental limitation to tho powers of cor
porations. A7((, Thero is nhsoluto neceslly
for greater security for tho public funds
and for their proper distribution.
'lenth. Tho Slato Treasurer, Superin
tendent of Common Schools, and n
Llcntolintlt. rinviiriuii Hwi l.i((nM (..
, , " ; " ' iiiii;i in in u-
side, over tho Senate, nnd perform tho
uiuiosui uovernor, in case of his ab
sence, sickness or deatli, should bo elect
ed by tho people. Tho Attorney Gen
eral, Secretary of Stale, and tho Adju
tant General should, for obvious rea
sons, contlnuo to bo appointed by the
Governor.
Vlcventh.-'tho day for holding tho
nullum elections cuiiiu, wiiii great pro
priety, bo changed from tho second
Tuesday In October to tho sumo day In
November ou which nearly all tho stir
rounding States now hold theirs. This
would dispense with ouo election every
fourth year, and prevent Invasion from
other States for tho purpose of Inter
fering with our elections, ns tho citi
zens of each State would bo occupied
with their own. Tlio season, too, would
lie more satisfactory to tho people of tlio
agricultural districts, us It would not
Interfere with Ihe harvesting of their
com and other suinm-'r productions.
Thi necessity for constitutional re
form Is appreciated and admitted liv nil
who have reflected upon tho subject,
tlllll Without. I ineMnii nf ii it-li i?...
press lias been out-spoken, and has at-
iiiibii unanimously sanctioned mo can
ine, lit mi o.l rk- (lav. of n ronsf lliitlnnnl
convention.
l'or thoso reasons, and many others
tnually important which might boemt-
ui-iuieii, i eurnesuy recommend mat
thu Legislature tniiko provision for n
convention to thoroughly revise and
amend tho Constitution of the State.
itnvisioN oi- tiii; civn, con'-:.
The commissioners to revl-o the stat
utes havo completed their work. Tlio
entire laws of the Commonwealth, In
eluding tlio.so of ilrltlsli origin, except
such as relate to crime, havo been re
vised, collated and systematically ar
ranged ilia volume of less than thrco
hundred paL'cs. or about i.thlnl Hm
size of Pardon's Digest. Our laws aro
tho accretions of 0110 hundred and sev
enty years. Jinny of them aro incon
gruous and disjointed enactments, which
have been Increasing, from time totlino
by fragmentary legislation, without any
iittemptatsysteni, logical arrangement,
or conciseness of langtuigu. From tlio
examination 1 havo been ablo to glvo
tlio revision, 1 am satislled that in tho
discharge of their duty, tho commis
sioners havo exercised groat diligence,
ability nnd a conscientious deslro for
Its successful accomplishment. H can
not bo presumed that work of such
magnitude Is perfect lu every particu
lar ; and how far it may answer tho
purpose for which it was undertaken,
remains to bu determined. That it is
an Improvement upon what It Is Inten
ded to supply theio Is no room for
doubt. It adheres in tho main to thu
text or oxisting laws, Willi occasional
changes to meet present demands, but
which were not needed when they wero
llrst enncted, and also additional pro
visions which tho progress of tlio ago
requires. Tho work, as presented.
might propel ly bo adopted, without
material changts, making it tlio basis
lor sucu amendments us lime and no
ccssity may suggest, or as mav bo rec
ommended by tho joint committee to
wnicu u was reierrcd lor examination
by thu Legislature of last year, it will
bo seen that somo of Its provisions havu
been framed with a view to throw much
of our special legislation into tho courts
wheruit may bo disposal of with less
inconvenience to interested parties,
aim a great saving in our annual ex
pcndltures.
WltlT.i 01' lUlllOIl IN CUIMINAT, casi:s,
At thu last scsslun of tho Legislature
an act was passed, canned Ail Act to
allow writs of error In cases of murder
mid voluntary manslaughter." Tlio
lltst section provides that a writ of er
ror "shall bu of right, and may bo sued
out upon tho oath of tlio defendant or
defendants, as in civil crises."
The second section makes it thu duly
of the judges of the Supreme Court, in
till such ca'cs, lu review both tho law
and tho evidence.
Ituforu this enactment thu law re
quired the defendant lit allege thatsomu
error had been committed by the court
on tho trial, and to show eau-e, within
thirty days, why tlio writ of error
soulil bo granted ; but this law gives a
will, wiiuiuur any error is alleged or
not. nnd nllovis tho defendant seven
je.us in which to Issuo it, uerordiny to
the tractive in civil cui.es. Heretofore
thu Executive did not ordinarily Issiiu
thu warrant for execution of any crimi
nal until tlio expiration of tlio thirty
days within which ho was permitted to
apply for his writ of error. That limit
ation or thirty days being now vlitual-
ly repealed, andsuveu yearssuostltuted
therefor. Is-it expected tho warrant
shall ho withheld lor tlio seven years'.'
ll mil, when may 11 property issuo ;
And il issued nt un.v time within thu
seven years, may not tlio criminal su
persede it at any limit he pleases by his
writ of error'.' And may it nut bo rea
sonably expected that this will bu thu
practical result ill uveiv such case;
This would seem likulrilling with very
serious matters; and 1 icspectfully
submit whether tho act of last session
should not bu repealed, or very materi
ally niodiucd, without (iciay. j it my
mossagu or Kith I'ebru.iry, 1S70, return
ing thu bill with my objections, I gave
sundry reasons why H should nut bu
approved, and tno views therein ex
pressed remain unchanged : and tho
Supremo Court of thu Slate, lu tho re
cent biuuppu case, express their opinion
of tlds enactment, as follows:
"It is not improper beforu closing to
say a few wolds in reference to tlio net
of 1S70, to draw attention to somu of its
defects, and to thu radical change In
our criminal Jurisprudence It will pro
duce. It was passed for thlsea-e, but
owing to the Governor's veto It came
too late, ft is another evidence iiutt
laws which aro tlio offspring of ft cling
nro seldom wisely framed. It com
mands tlds court to ruvluw tho evidence
and to determine whethor tlio lugredl
outs to constitute minder in thu llrst
degrto were proved to exist ; and yet In
inrgciitiincss oi tnu lornier iawt li pro
vides no means to take, wenervc and
Itriiuj uji thu evidence. This, tlio llrst
attempt to net under it, proves its iuef-
uciency, uio juugo ueiow returning 10
our certiorari that ho was not uhlu to
make thu return or tho evidence, Ho
is not bound by law to take tho testi
mony or to certify to it. A bill of ex-
eepuoi.n nri'jgsi up only bo much ot uio
oviuencu us may ua required 10 explain
the point oi law contained in tno inn
"Thu ell'ect or this law seems not In
havo uxellcd attention. HJiiischanged
the whole doctrinu or tho criminal law
as to tho speed and certainty of punish
meat, and lelt to tlio felon both tlio
hopo ami a door ofescapc.not only from
tho law's delay, but by prison breach,
and all tho various means of avoiding
reiilbutlvo Justice. At tills moment,
two eases occur to my memory of con
victions of murder in Allegheny coun
ty, delayed by dilatory motions, whero
the prii-ou floors opened hy unknown
means, nnd tho prisoners escaped forov
or, Any murderer may, under tlds
law -though llko Probst ho may havo
murdered u whole family take out his
writ of eiror, without limitation of
BLOOMSBUHGK PA., FRIDAY, JANUA11Y
tlmo or condition, whether In prison
under sentence, or stepping upon tho
trap or the gallows, with cause, or with
out It. and suspend his enso until the
next term or tlio Supremo Court. No
ono could condemn him, ir the death
warrant not preventing, ho should wnlt
till tho term or tho Supremo Court bo
passed, nnd then tako out his writ of
error to delay tho execution of his sen
tence for u whole year. That only se
curity tn tlio public, tho examination
of tho caso and allowance of tho writ
Tor cause, Is repealed."
ArrORTIONMKKT
Tho Important duly devolves upon
you to apportion, In nccordanco with
tho last census, tho representation to
tho General Assembly and to Congress.
This will bo among tlio most laborious
and difficult work or tho session. In
Its performance, it Is presumed and
trusted that you will bu guided nnd
governed by u strict sense or Justice nnd
impartiality to all parties and to every
district In tho Stale, so that no well
founded reason bo given for complaint
or censure.
Under tho laws of IhoStatolt is made
tho duty of tlio county commissioners
or tho respective counties to make re
turns to thu Governor or thu septennial
enumeration or taxables on or before
tho llrst Tuesday of December. Not
one-fourth of thesu returns havo yet
been received, although tho attention
or thu commissioners was invited lo tlio
xiihleet by special circular from the
Secretary ut tUn f,oniiiiniiweaUli As
soon as tho returns eomo tmi.tml, thn
necessary abstracts will bu madu out
and forwarded lo the Legislature.
COMMON bCIIOOhM.
Tho report of tlio Superintendent of
Common Schools shows that thero are
now within the Stale, 1!,002 school dis
tricts: 11,'Jia schools; "Sa graded
schools ; I.'J.IOO directors ; 70 county and
other superintendents; 17,012 teachers,
and S2S.SU1 pupils. Tills Is un Increase
over thu preceding year of :!1 districts;
270 schools; 117 graded schools ; 200 di
rectors: I) superintendents: 170 teachers.
and l.'J,183 pupils.
Tlio cost of tuition lor tlio past year,
was $3,713,173 81; building, purchasing
ij.iill
other totnl
in nf
school property, $13,8:17,183. Averago
salary of male teachers, $10 05 per
mount; length ot school term, 0.00
months; and Iho cost per month of
each pupil, OS cents.
In nddltlou to tho above. 11 vo Normal
schools are recognized bv thu Stale.
Thesu aro Intended specially to Instruct
ill tiiu lirt of teachinc. inn) In furnish
suitable teachers lor tho common
schools. Tho many highly qualilled
instructors that havu graduated therein,
utfbrd a sufficient assurutico of their
success and usefulness. They have aid
ed materially In tho rapid advancement
or our general and widely approved
educational system. Sinco their recog
nition, 12,300 students havo been re
ceived into them: and 2,075 nro now
enrolled. There aro CO professors and
tutors. Tho libraries contain 8,135
volumes. Tho buildings and grounds
are valued at 301,067 ; and tiiu furni
ture and apparatus at $75,000.
liesldes tlio schools that receive legis
lative support, thero aro in thu State
(101 prlvatu schools, seminaries and
academies, employing 8 13 teachers and
having -i.mo students. The estimated
value of their property Is $000,000,
and tho nuinial amount received lor
tuition 3S0,U0U. Thero aro also tJiir
teen colleges, with 157 professors and
tutors, ami -,&iij students enrolled,
They own much valuable property
and their libraries number 05,000 vol
umes.
Thiso statistics will, doubtless, prove
Interesting to nil who pcrusu them, and
those relating to tlio common schools
merit tho especial attention ot the Leg
islature. The prosperity nnd happiness
of all communities depend, more than
anything else, upon their general intel
ligence. Idleness, immorality, crimo
and poverty nlnimd most where ignor
ance prevails. The greatest wealth a
peoplo can po-so-s,iind thu highest polit
ical freedom nnd power they can attain,
aro based upon and derived from a
sound and generous education. Free
dom from the many evils that disturb
Iho nenen nt sne etv : social nnrmonv:
good and healthful government; and
nil the multiform bksslugs that cou
splie lo preduce human happiness, are
lis icglllinaio irults. .Money judic
iously expended by any community
for the mental training of its youth,
cannot Im lost ; it will not fall to leturn
in due time, bearing illiberal Interest.
Tlio admirable workings of our I'eim-
s.vlvanhi school system aro everywhere
admitted, and its great success is chief
ly owing to thu iri.neio.-llv of the Leg
islature by which It has been so kindly
and so bcnelleently nurtured, audit is
sincerely lo bo trusted that it will never
weary in this praiseworthy won;,
which has thus far been so wi II accom
plished and so abundantly rewarded.
SOI.IlIllils' OlllMIANs' bClIOlll.S.
Your nllcntion Is respectfully invited
to tlio icport of tlio Superintendent of
the Soldieis' Oi plums' School, for thu
jear terminating .May 31, 1870.
Sineu thu llrst organization of tlic.-o
schools the whole number of children
uduiltttd Is 5,053. And durlug thusanie
period, the discharges, including deaths,
amount to 1,521, leaving 3,0211 lu tho
schools nt thuclosuol tho yeai; of whom
i',i;i7 uro lu ' graded, ' anu 7uo lu "pri
mary schools," mid u'Jli in "Homes. '
During tlio year terminating May 31,
1871, U'3 of theso will bo discharged on
nf ; 111 1872, 177 ; 111 '73, 30!) j in '71,
010; in '75, 010; '7(1, 002; lu '77, 5S1; in
8, lid; In '70, 201 ; and lu '80. tho re
mainder, 171. 1'ioui tlds statement It
will bu seen that all tho children now
in the schools, on reaching tho ago of
sixteen, will bu discharged in ten years
on aye alone. Tho reinforcements to
tho tchools will hcrcaller consist only
of children burn prior to January 1,
18fi0; const intently nil who may liereal-
ter bu admitted must come lu during
thu ii'jxt ten years, and they will ho
moro than absorbtd by thu discharges
ou order. The number discharged this
year, on nge, Is -lot), and on order, 230,
and 15 have dli d, mailing in all, 015,
Should tlio rapidity of tlio discharges
on order continue lu anything llko thu
ratio or tho pic.-eut year, it will not re
quire moro than llvo years to exhaust
tho greater portion of tlio schools, nnd
thu children remaining in them will
from II n su to tiuio have lo bu concentra
ted In a few of thu schools which shall
be deemed thu best to closo up tho con
cern.
Tho oiiiondlturcs of tlio system for
ilia school year endlnglny III , 1870. aro
as follows, viz:
1 or uilllealion Rtui iiialim-u.iuce.oi c ill-
dren laadvaileed Htllooln ?Js'),6jOl!7
Koi eduealtoiiittld uialtiteiutu'uot cull.
dren In primary hchooln lul, l7i &S
For tltirllonutul immitt-liuueu ot uuu-
drill lu 'loineu
Vox clothing, t!O04, liialtltiii. liielidlti,
Oi.SM IJ
Sl.WJ 70
l'or partial relit r ot 11 children.
tucll
l'or general t'xpett.eif
rtt , ..
US lo
.tIJOO
0,10100
Tolal expenses
Total appioprl.uloiu.,,,
511, l:MU
1111,710 IM
Balance tlO.I.MIJ
Tho sum appropriated Is for thu
amount estlmatid by tho Superinten
dent In bis report of lSU'J, but owing tn
tho extreme pressure of tho guardians
and relatives of nuny Indlgont and
sulfcriug applicants, tho Superinten
iiuu reining scnooi nouses, im'.tu
111 ; contingencies, $l,lG"i,L'Aj 05;
expenditures, iu.rj,-i7.i; making n
of f7.771.701 20. Estimated vain
dent, with my consent, admitted n
larger number of children than ho or
iginally estimated for; the balance, ns
above stated has, for this reason, neces
sarily and unavoidably accrued,
Tinier an net, entitled "An Act to
provldo means ror tho establishing u
soldiers' orphans' school In eauh State
formal school district In this Common
wealth, now destitute thereof," approv
ed April 15, 1807, nnd n supplement
thereto, approved March 25, 1S0S, tho
sum or twenty-ono thousand dollars
was advauced out or tho Slatu Treasury
!, loan to five Institutions. Theso
being fully established, nro re-paying
this loan nt the rato or flvo per cent,
quarterly, asspeclllcd In tho act. Six
teen thousand eight hundred dollars of
this loan remained unpaid on May 31,
1S70, nnd owing to tho change of the
form of settlements which, by law,
went Into operation nt that tlmo. It was,
unexpectedly to tho Superintendent,
deducted from thoitppropriutlon by the
accounting olllccrs, mid consequently
bills for education nnd maintenance for
that sum and thoabovo balanco remain
unpaid. No spoclnl appropriation for
tills amount is asked ; but all that is io
quired is thu passage of a Joint resolu
tion, authorizing Its payment from tho
sum appropriated for tho expenses of
tho current year, which, lu consequence
or a reduction lu prices, 1 am Inrormed
will exceed them to about tho amount
of the said balance.
Thu early passage of such a resolution
Is necessary, because tho Institutions to
i wnicn tno money is duo cannot iiuord
to wait long for It without serious In
unvcnlciice Provision should also bo
Mn.nlu tho Legislature Hint, as tho
said sum ot J fix HI Is ro-uuiil In iinnr-
terly instalments by .'nstitutlons from
which it Is due, it shall by applied to
thu reimbursement of the turn,. ..,"''
printed for tho advances thus made.'
Tho Superintendent estimates the ex
penditures for education, maintenance,
clothing, Ac, of 3,(J00 children, during
the year terminating May 31, 1S72, at
$500,1)00. After a careful examination,
1 find It correct, and respeetlully re
quest nn appropriation for that amount.
This estimate will, it is believed, ena
ble thu Superintendent to admit all
proper applicants. It is $20,0u0 less
than the appropriation for tho current
year, and It Is confidently anticipated
that hereafter each succeeding estimate
for annual expenses will bo much more
largely decreased.
I have personally visited, Inspected
and examined quite a number of thu.su
schools sinco tho adjournment of tho
last Legislature; and I do not hesltato
to pronounce most or them superior,
lu all respects, to any other Institutions
or a similar character in tho country.
The supers i-ion or tho Superintendent
and the male nnd einnlo Inspectors has
been exceedingly faithful mid effective;
and those having tho schools in charge,
with but fuw exceptions, have display
ed a devotion to their duties, and lu thu
Interests of tho children, as unexcep
tionable as If dictated by tho purest
parental a miction.
Thu sanitary condition of thoso chil
dren is ono of tho most remarkable fea
tures of tho schools. During tlio live
years they liavo been in operation, out
of 5,053 chlldorn,only soventy-ono have
died, which Is but a littlu over ouo and
four-tenths per cent, of tlio entire num
ber for tho whole time, or leas than
three-tenths of ono ner cent, ner annum
Thesu facts nro iiicontestlble evidences
of tho cure uud attention that havu
been bestowed unon theo institutions.
Tho establishment or these schools,
nnd tho liberal encouragement and sup
port they havo received, havo met tho
uirproval nnd admiration not only or
tho other States or tho Union, but or
tho entlro civilized world. Philanthro
pists and statesmen from fureigu na
tions aro constantly making inquiries
concerning tlio laws governing and di
recting tlio operations of our soldiers'
orphans' schools, their management
and thu results, and give frequent as
surances of unqualified commendation.
The foregoing exhibit is, I trust, sulll
clently satisfactory to prompt a conti
nuance of tho generous patronage ul
ready extended to an institution unsur
passed by any other of the kind lu
usefulness. Its benellls extend beyond
tlio moro shelter, clothing, feeding and
education of thu sons and daughters of
our hetolu dead, lu generations far
remote its Influences will stimulate to
deeds of patriotic ardor anil heroism.
Hereafter the delcnders of our country
will not falter when they reflect that
shuuld they fall, they havo In the Com
nion wealth a parental prelector of their
beloved ones, who otherwise would be
left desolate and neglected. Thu Statu
has abundant eausu to rejolco in what It
has douo lor its soldieis' orphans,' and
lo bo proud of thesu schools, which now
constitute tho brightest Jewels that
nilotn its crown of glory.
Anr.icL'ii l'iiai. cot,r,i:ai:.
This Institution appears to be gradual
ly accomplishing tiiu objects for which
it lias been liberally endowed bv thn
Slate. It has about sixty students who
aro instructed, not only in the ordinary
1'imii.iii.-.? ui iiioi.lLlllu .11111 sciciiic, nut
In all thu Held operations necessary hu
ll thoiougli agricultural education.
Tiiu Kxiieriiiieiilnl Farms, i stnMMi.
ed under tho supervision of Ihoolllcers,
havo finis far nnsweied their expecta
tions. Thu exiierlments therein
carefully rccoriied ; every incident of
cultivation, tho nature of tlio seed com-
mllteu to thu soil, its Inception, growth,
progress and results, to 'ether with thn
conducing causes, being accurately
noted, The publication ot these obser
vations, madu lu dilVerent parts of the
State, with various climates nnd soil.
under tlio guidance of skilled agricul
turalists, will Impart valuahlu lessons
for tho benullt of tho nructical fanner.
and, doubtless, be thu means or estab
lishing u "Science or Agrlcultim."
having Its foundation in the wisdom or
experience. Thu report of thu trustees
furnishes a full description of thu edu
cational mid tlnaucial condition of tlio
college, together with tho progress and
icsults of tlio Experimental Kirms
during tho year Just ended.
MII.lTAllV.
Yuur attention is invited lo Iho ne.
compiitiylng report of tlio Adjutant
(leneral, for tho details of tho transac
tions oi ins department during thu past
year. Thu nice-slty or a military
power in thu Statu, suhnrdinntn ,m.l
auxiliary to tho civil authorities, lias
ueeii su iniiy uiscusscii, aim so general
ly admitted, us to render any argument
on the subject entirely superfluous. It
Is admitted, ou all bauds, that a thor
oughly organized nnd well disciplined
military force contributes essentially to
the mahltunauco of tho neaeu nnd e-iiiul
order of society, nnd to tho security of
the pcrsoiisnnd property of citizens. It
bus been my dcslru and aim to consti
tute tmch a force, lo aid tho civil author
ities, should un emergency arise, in thu
suppres-Iou of public tumult or disor
der, mis nas neeii ciiectcu moro suc
cessfully than was at llrst anticipated,
in 18(111, there wero but eight volunteer
companies In tho Stalo ; at tho closo of
ioiiy,inero weioononuiuireil and eighty
four: to which number ono hundred
and llfly-elght companies wero added
nisi year, in iiiomcanumo, thirty havu
been disbanded, leaving thrco hundroil
and eleven organized mid ucllvu mill.
tarv coiinian us. now recognized bv nei
of thu Legislature, as tho "National
(luard of Pennsylvania,"
t-rom uiu company organizations
fourteou regiments any flvo battailous
havo been formed. Whilst I nm mil
disposed toeneour.igo reglmonlnl organ-
13, 1871.
COL.
zationsof cavalry or nrllllcry, they
being unnecessarily largo nnd expen
sive, I regard separate or Independent
troops and batteries of thoso branches
of the service, attached to brigades or
divisions, ns highly Important,
rlioiiuolaof nrms duu Pennsylvan
ia, has been drawn rrom tho Uenerul
Government. This amounted to forty
flvo hundred breach-loading rlllo-mus-lifts
and accoutrements, with a proper
tjoiiato 8tipply of tho proper ammuni
tion. Theso havo been distributed, as
provided by tho llfly-sovontli section of
act of May 1, 1801, In such maimer as
In my liingmont "will most eirectually
subserve tho military Interests nnd ne
cessities of the Commonwealth."
As heretofore stated, all tho Stato
military departments created during
tlio war havo been merged into that of
tho Adjutant (leneral. That depart
ment Is now tho depository of nil our
military records, tiio Importance nnd
yuluuof which aro constantly Indicated
by tho dally applications of oinelnls of
tho (leneral and dllleront Stnto govern
ments, of attorneys nnd agents, of sol
diers themselves, or their representa
tives, for ccrtluealcs and exemplifica
tions. Tho Adjutant (ieneral Is also
tho responsible custodian of nil tho
military property belonging to tlio
Commonwealth. I, therefore, recom
mend that his department rccelvo the
favornblo consideration of tho Legisla
ture, and tho continuation or such ap
propriations as may bo required for its
clllcleut administration.
MlMTAItV HISTOP.Y.
Tho Legislature, lu 1S0I, passed an
act authorizing thu Governor "to ap
point somo competent person to prepare
n military history of Pennsylvania vol
unteers and militia," who had been or
might there liter bo lu the field during
inn vnr nf thn rnliollinii . f .,fpmli
therewith, my predecessor nns.-lntcd
,imii,ii ii ii, i.-j.. ... r..i...i.t .
' "v. . j.uiv.--, J--l., tU lll'llllllll -V IS
tlltllciilt. inn) i-o..iimii.li,)i. iii,.inHi.,i.i.n.Ubl
no commenced tho task with zeal and
industry, nnd has prosecuted It with
ability. Thn work has proved to bo far
moro extensive, and required a much
greater amount of labor and research
mini was nt nrst contemplated, l our
largo royal octavo volumes, handsome-
iy luiiueu nun smrsiauiinii v bound,
havo been produced, and tlio 'tilth, and
last volume, will ho completed before
the (lrsl nf .Iiinn mivf M'l,,. l.n,.t- i..ii-
tlio first of Junu next. Tho book, Itself,
nllords the best commentary or criti
cism of tho manner in which the author
has discharged his duties. It puts in
concise form and perpetuates thu most
,,.... jii;. jiviii.iies uiu must
important portion or our history, which
itthfiftrlM irntil.l !....,. I,,,,., (...,..,... .
llereafler It will bn liivnlniihln in thn
ITnrf'tiOfir II w lw, t ....l.l..
Commonwealth.
nidirra or ritK.vcn citizens.
llv the seventh nrlteln nF n flnnanlm.
Convention between Franco ami tho
i. iiiiuu omies, signeu ruuruary ai, iboii
It was stipulated that thu citizens or the
l-pslineltvii iiintitt-!ii.i jlnl,l ,.,..i..nil..
, - ' - - , ...wm,,. IIIUlW.lllS I
huvo tho fumo rights to hohl real ami
l)(r.Snnill Cstufn. nml tn nnlntr nn.l Ir-unu.
nut iiiusaiuL', iuy uuuuium nas ncu i
Z ii.'l Ym'cI'I. ?.le"ur,n
lion. Hamilton Fish. Seerehn-v nfni.iin
of tlio United States, dated May 0, 1S70,
enclosing a copy of a communication
iiuiu uiu .uiiusier oi franco to mo Uni
ted Statutes, resident at Washington,
That letter, accompanied by said sev
enth artldo, and a copy ol" my reply
therein, flrmt-kpil A nml It i-,i
with submitted to tlio Legislature for
Information, and with tho recommend
ation that the subject bo carefully con
sidered, and such action taken thereon
ns will niako tho statutes of tho Slato
conform to our obligations under tho
provisions of said convention.
NATIONAL OUMIITEllIEH.
On tlio first or July, 1870, nu act or
Congress was pas-ed ameudatory to tho
act, entitled "An Act to establish and
protect National cemeteries," approved
l ebruary 'jy, 1W7. The object or theso
laws Is to plaso under tho National
Government thu management and pres
ervation of theso cemeteries, and to se
cure thu consent of tho several States
in which they aro located. This con
sent has already been given us ta tlio
cemetery at Gettysburg, bv tho net up
proved April 11th, 1M!S; uud tho Nil
tloiei nut noi-iilo iiuu- nm!.- e. ..,. ........
. .... , .v,. mi, cuiiiu
action by thu State us lo tho cemeteries
nt Glenwood, Lebanon, Mount Morlah,
Odd Fellows' and Woodland, in Phila
delphia ; and also tho-o at Uarrisburg,
i iiisuiiii; ami iorK.
(!i)lll. (if n .iiii imiiilfi.i II.... r... II. I .
, . ' i.iii.iiii'ii nil nils
subject, from Ihe Sictetary of War.land
of the act of July 1, 1S7U, (marked C
mm a,) iiiu iierewiiu transmuted, with
the recommendation that tho consent
of tho Slalo ho given, in compliance
ii un tnu i.iwb oi mo umtcu ntates,
Tlio obleetlons horelnt'nrn i.vl.rl,.,. i..
thu payment of tlio appropriation for
Iho use of tho Autletum cemetery hav-
itll- bectl IPIllilVeil. thn ni,n n i, ,,... ,t...
ted lias been paid over to tho treasurer.
I.MMIOllATION'.
f 11 lil'i-orilnlieii M'lHi m ir.,,i,.t l.. l. .,(
effect, 1 submit, for your cousldemt ion,
ii uupy oi uiu proceedings or thu
National Immigration Convention,
(marked "K,") which was called hy
thn (loveriuir nf flm nT,,-l,.,. en.,!....
. . ... ,, ...-iiv.u k)lllll.-S,
and was largely attended, at Indlanan-
(ill.. Iiiill.i.i.i .... !.,. -.! X , .
.......ui.!, nn nm .,u ,,i Asuvemoer,
last. 'Ihu main object of thu enliven-
tlllll. It. muni iru it-id llw. ...1,... I. ... ..i-
--"-,- --l-l- , UIU 1114UII111II1 111
such resolutions as might induce (lUfer-
cut onues ui uiu union to importune
Conmess to enact such lines ns wonhl
all'ord liiimlL-rants. while In tnmslln
irom other lands, nml nnmi tln.1i. ,.,.i.
val ill this country, prutcctiou against
thu iibusts to which tiiuy uro notorious
ly subjected. As the encouragement of
imilliiiriltion. nf n n.nlnt elini-.ir.toi. I,...,
always boon thu approved policy of our
Kutunimuiii, iiiuonjcci as presented, Is
n:iiiuvu ns ueserving ui your atten
tion. Tim Mll.roltl) AKll MATAMOKAS HAH,-
ltOAI).
Ahnnf thn i-liwii ul It, t. I..-,! .....l,.,. ,.r
......... ... ,,,1 un. m-ssiiii ui
the I.pirlshltilrn un nif i-nu i,-i. .il nml
approved, entitled "A supplement to
ii... tnr....i i -.. -.I ..... .
uiu .uiiiuiu uuu lumnmoras jtanronii
t'otiiuiinv." Thn t'.mpiii un.iiimi ..r ii,
enactment seems to havo been intended
to take 1 1 o m thu State, and give to tho
company, tho ten thousand dollars bon
us, paid into tho Stato Treasury annu
ally by tho Now York and Hrlo Kali-
roilll I'nilltiniiv muter thn ill'lli si-,..ll,.i.
of tlio act of bjtli March, ISltl. Soon
alter the ail Inurnment, niv attention
was tlirt'lM.'il tn llm sIlMnM mi.l ...
..... .......... ... .....uvi, 111,11 lu
guard against loss 1 caused thu Attor
ney (leneral to glvo notico to tho New
i un. mui r.no iianroati uompany that
tho Slalo would look to that corpora
Him in-. ,i.n ..i- .i . .
nu as hereiore;noUvli.,staudl ng ihu
passage of the siihlilonient referred tn .
...... .... ,llu iMymuiii iii tnu nuiiu.il no
..... i.i.iiiiiii mi
ii.iss.igo of the supplement referred to
.ifc-nu tnu inner ns having neen en
acted nnd approved through luudver
tailCO. Ill thn hllri-v rf n ..In. In,, u.lnn
and us hasty and Inconsiderate le'gisla'
IIUU. UL VlirilltlPn 111111 llwii.illt fill lirlllrtu
of tho Stale, and highly prejudicial to
the public interest;r an, 1J hm'e o re
earnestly recommend Its I ledlato re-
peal, or at least so much of It as rnlntr
to thu bonus
tnu iiuilllS.
.
ThiiKdiiAi'ii i.i.m:s and HAliiiioAiis,
'I'hn.iii.iini, ,.rii, .i,,.,....! ci...
couuoi'ur thi "te etVra 'E S
, iiu null tin
chartering of railroad companies with
..i r .n.". i'. '.
u .nu umiu u.v iiiu vjcnerai uovcru
ment, was partially considered by the
Legislature- nt its last session, and Is
now receiving considerable ultentlon.
n ..., ... ,,,,u Ut 1.151
Importance, Involving tho sovereign
jin-jstuuiiiK uiu nm-jeut ns uuu OI vast
DEM. - VOL. XXXIV NO. 17.
power of tho State, tho Interests of cor
porations that aro enfranchised by it,
and of our citizens who havo Invest
ments In stocks and bonds amounting
to many millions of dollars, I most
earnestly Invito your serious examina
tion of It, and your early action thero
ou. OnoliOUIC'AI. BUUVEY,
A rellablo geological and mlncratogl
cal survey would iiu oflncalculablo val
uo to tho Statu. Without It wo havo
Indefinite Ideas of our vnst undevel
oped mineral wealth, und tho expenso
attending it would b utterly Insignia
cant when compared with the bcnellclul
results. Wo are, at present, without
oven a rellablo map to lndlattu tho lo
cality, character nntl resources of our
mineral regions. And as good maps
nro tho basis of all useful research In
overy department of scienco nnd tho
arts, especially In tho practical sciences
of geology nnd metallurgy, tho llrst
step toward u geological survey is to ob
tain ns correct u map us possible, If not
of tho entlro Slate, nt least or such parts
thereof as aro of tiiu most Iinportanco
to bo studied geologically. This will
bo a work of labor and time, and can
only bo accomplished successfully by
triangulating each county separately,
and from tho county maps thus ac
quired, constructing a completo and
accurato map of tho wholo State. It Is
neither wise nor just policy to delay
this work becauso It may bo more per
fectly effected tit somo future time.
Thero can bo no such thing as it final
geological report. New development
In mineral resources, tw well as addi
tional acquirements lu scientific- knowl
edge, will constantly bo mado us long
as tho world exists.
The general voice of tho business
community and land ownership of tlio
Stato deni-inds this survey. It Is espe
cially called for by tho oil regions,
.1 , v.w.m ui uuilis, I1IIU
the Iron, maniiriirtnrlni- oml rnth-n.nl
uuniy nixcuvcrcu coai iioius, aim by
imeiesis. i. irge portions of tho Stato
r(-''iialn, to u great extent, unstudied by
sclcutllle and pracMcal men. Tho old
survey of lS'OT II did a good work, but
'l " of lil110 value now, except in .
lu" "c.iiuie.i. omce u was mane,
wonderful discoveries havo taken
i"i luuuieuis ui structure anu
deposit still remain unsolved, doubtless
involving many millions of dollars in
value, 'lhen. m:inv nf thn Im.lMiitn.
ties were comparatively unsettled, und
scarcely any openings worn mado In
fllir llllnnrill illstl-ii.ld nrnnut tn II. ...... -
thraelto coal basins and around Pitts
burg. Now, tho Stato Is full of trial
I , ...... iuuuiiii X 1119
rur ow lli0 ytt full of tria
Mlllll'r iinil nrlvntn n'i.1miillmici .
kivn furi'titx ritivw umn r.l...it-.wl .
IK!!10tnit('fl U'll'lt VL'llnrii lnnnnos.jtt.trt
....... - v. . s. ii,ln.l.v..J04Ug 1 J-
giuns ; railways traversa wholu coun-
tics with instrumental field u-orlr
many thousands of oil and salt wells
have been bored ; valuablo mines put
In working order; thu population lias
111 "hhik uiuer, tnu population has
advanced in intelligence and grown
innrn rihsnrvniu timl nitti.t..ljn.. .....l
"-- ....... ...... b... , ,.311l, iiuu
tlio slcill of tho KOoluKilt, metallurgist
Iltlil HLtrVPVnr llu-4 rt'.iehi.rl n hlrrt.r.- lrt
h'u pv-tjcuwh.
. I'ostcrity bus its claims upon us ; and
. . -J ' ' - ". ' i us , UIU.
it Mirilllll Im r.ill.ilih--.-,l tli.it ii.t...
Is dono for tlio present generation Is so
much accomplished for tho generation
that may follow. Ono Important func
tion of a geological survey is to pre
serve knowledge for future uso. Sci
enco is cumulative, and Its advances
am slow. It must collect many facts
before it arrives at truo conclusions.
For want of a proper bureau or statis
tics, nnd n corps of observation and
publication to collato and relate tho
facts of our geology and mineralogy ns
they havo appeared, thu State has al
ready suffered severely. Much valua
ble Information has been lost, nover to
bo recovered ; nnd but llttlo certain
knowledge of past mining, and other
scientific operations, has been preserved
to govern und assist tlio future ernrl.
neer. Tho sooner, therefore. In mv
opinion, it geological survey is author
ized, tho better will It bo for tiiu pros
liectlvO Illlir.ril4 llf f III. Slt.lli nj n.,,11
- ; ...u,...,x., ..oi, latins
lor its prc-ont necessities.
lio.Miii op l'uiu.iu eiiAitiTira.
Under tho requirement nf un act, up
prnvid April 21, 160(1, 1 appointed live
eiiinmishiiiiiers to constitute n'lSoard of
Puti.ic Charities, ho, tit all times, havo
full power to look into nnd examine
Hilt l-.llllllllllll ,if nil ,.l,,,rll.,l.l.,
....... v.. .......... iv-, ii:tuiti-
atory or correctional institutions with
t..,i.ntiin,. m tnu until-, mm in lenst unco in every
year visit all such as are receiving Stalo
aid, to examine everything connected
Willi their managemenl, and especially
In nsr-nrlnln ivlinilini. tl,,. r..l ..........
printed to them nru economically and'
judiciously expended. Thu requisite
number ol gentlemen, po-sc-slng tho
necessary qualillcallons, havu generous
ly consented to servo on this Hoard,
which Is now fully organized, and tho
objects contemplated uro being accom
plished, liirly during tho session their
llrst annual report will bo presented for
your consideration, which will glvo a
full account of tho extent and import-
mien iirilii-ti- iilill-mtliwii.T,. ...........It
... ....... ,.... ..i..iwitt. iitinstii;iiuiis
in behalf or tho Commonwealth.
iiattlu or Ginrvsnimo.
I am informed that the picture of tho
lt.ltthi 111 (hitlvliiifii. lltlll,.,l I... ...!.,..
of tlio Legislature, has been completed.
As tills valuable production Is thu prop,
ertyortho State, I deem It Important
iimi yuu milium appoint a committee,
with whom I shall bo pleased to co-operate,
to fnko It in charge nnd prepare
a iilin-n mitt iililn rni- li ,, .... ..;.i.. . i,...
,,,,, , "-.-""' i iivvniiiiiiuiltlllUII.
I his should bu mado Milllcientl v capac
ious, nnd so arranged as to afford an
opportunity for thu display of iho Hags
und other iclics of interest to tho citi
zens of tho States, nnd to the numerous
visuors ui tno uapttul.
Iini.AWAllt; llOU.VDAUY LINK.
Tlio Legislature, ut Its scsslun or 1809,
D.lssed nn net. enlithiil i A ii .v,.t ,.,
tie, determine nnd locate tho southern
uuuiiiiiiry uiiooi mo uomnionweiiltli,"
111 eollforiilltv ttini-meltti nnn,.L.In.
--- ... ......... vuiiiiu .-SiUHUlS
wero ntiiinliitml tnimiiili, ,t..
i.i iii , ,"vv vniijuili;ilUH
w ith llko commissioners on thu part of
ui.tiu ui juuinuru." inatatate,
however, lias failed, thus far, to niako
thn tipfp-imirv iittttItitmi.i nu .
('I IT) v( 'II Ml ill 11 i rmii ..I... it . '
ami tho houiulary lino id not (k'ilnitely
UiuIlt nnlltinrv i1ifiiiiician i.t,
li L'ht not m nont.wi oj t(,,.,,.t.,,.t .
hut when It is considered that there Is
u material difference in tho penal codes
of thu two States, and that thu eodu or
wrainniu cuiiiiiins cerium provuions,
and authorizes thu Inliictiou or punish
nients repugiiant to nil thu citizens or
Pennsylvania, serious evils may somo
llaVlirisO OUt of tllO llivln't 111 inlin-in.
"ft ' ? ' iririns.dre'slmuhl 'to'sf
' " h i . V: V, 10.u,'1..'lloilto
1.... .i.i. ii.... i i, i....... ii. . .
piiuuiu uiu isiuiu
or Delaware sei.u upon a citizen and
ouiyeet uuu tu tnu uisgrncerui ami all
horrent punishment of the pillory and
thu whipping post, who, upon subso-
, .... , ., ... .wi.1,-4 ituunii tl
havu ids residencu In Pennsylvania
lutui. iinesuKiiuoii, wits ascertained to
ioTZiMriSi S, B tlfth
! ! " t ', Jfl 11 c,o'Pi'Hed
1 . ! S ! . 11 lV.t. fnu!"0 1 f0.r lo wrong
A,""i mm other reasons,
til I trl, I lul iii-irml f.. .1... I i. . .'
. sni .ui tnu iinmeiiiuio sei-
iienieui oi tins question. Pennsylvania
lint desire, und cannot afford, tn
!!!!. with thohtato of
i'ciiiwaru.
I'lHliimii-s
Tho Supremo Court lias divided that
.. ';. "il""ug iiiu owners or dams
in tlio Susquebamia river to niako fish.
HHVB 1 1 1.11110, til ICllSt ill C-lSIW
where they had purchased their S
ItATKS OF ADVEKT1S1NB.
Ouo siiittro,(Un Unci urltsoqulraltallai Noil
parell typo) ono or two Insertions, JlrCC; ttiro
luiertloiu, 12.00.
pack, Ik. 2. if. eu. It.
Oiionqimro. US0 WM 11.00 tl.OO jlo.oo
Two miuiucs .,3,60 6,00 7,00 lyiO IS,U)
Tlirco quare,...6,00 7,00 V.00 12,00 18,00
Four nqunros 7 00 0,00 11,00 17,00 35,00
quarter column., 10,00 12,00 11,00 20.SO to.oo
llalfcolumn.......l5,00 18,00 2000 90,00 00,00
Onocolumn......30,00 KSfiO 40,00 60,00 1V
Kxecntor'H or AdmlnlitrMor's Notice, 18.00,
Auditor's or;Afts1gncs3'i! Notice, 12.00.
Local notices, tirentr eeiiU n line; by the j-enr
ten cent),
Cnrd In tlio"llitslnessDlreetory" column, t.W
Kr year for Uio flrnt two lines, mid f 1.00 for each
additional Hue.
from tlio Stale, Is unconstitutional nnd
void. From this decision It does not
nppear that tho Stato cannot havo such
ways constructed ut Its own expense.
Hut this docs not seem advlsablo until
concurrent legislation can ho obtained
with Maryland, that Slato holding both
banks of tho Susquehanna river nt lis
mouth nnd for many miles above. Th i
subject has been brought to tho atten
tion of Maryland, thu Legislature of
which Slate, at lis last session, passed a
law providing for tho appointment of
commissioners of fisheries, lo report nt
Its noxt session, which will not occur
until next winter. Tho fisheries under
consideration nru nearly, If not qui to,
as omen uotcrioraicu oy ino waul or
statutory laws for their protection as by
tho mechanical obstructions In tlio
streams.
Tho Now Kngland Stales und New
orlc havo commenced tho experiment
of fish propagation in tho largo streams
north of us ou qulto nn extensive scale.
Their experience will bo useful to us
when all obstacles arising from tho di
vided Stato ownershii) of thn river
Bhores shall havo been obviated. New
Jersey appointed fish commissioners nt
tho hist session or her Legislature, nnd
tho commissioner of Pennsylvania Is
now in treaty with them In reference to
heeded concurrent legislation. Thnsnh.
Ject Is receiving careful attention in
both States by their delegated ngonts.
It is imped that Delaware will Join with
Pennsylvania and New Jersey In the
reforms needed on tho Delaware river.
statu i.iiiuauv.
't'lin nivitltnlllilt Inll r.f l.n.it..a l,nl,.n,.ln..
" ......... ..M.....WI. ..1 1SVMI.O uviillllll
If! 1 llll Kllllli III lillt-nliitkn nvnliimrpn nml
donation, largely exceeds "tho capacity
of thu eases now In tho library for their
Hccuiiiiiiouauoii. .uany thousands or
Volumes, of l-rn.lt vnlnri nrn nnpna.mrl 1 1
stored away In such a manner ns to ren
der them inaccessible- and consequently
useivss. x , iiicreioro, recommend time
tho Legislature uuthorlzo tlio construc
tion of a sufUclent number of alcoves,
to necord witli tho architectural arrango
tu'.nt of tho building. Theso can bo
completed at moderate cost, which will
till ltinrn tlinll nnmiinna.itn.1 ft. In ,1...
oiifo keeping of tho books, and In their
ucceojuniiiy hiuj penerni iiioiuinoss.
STATISTICS.
1nitnlt Inn l.t wlnm.. n... wn..n..MAH
- -- ".-J iw II.UUI1 hjj . tUllJIUCIl-
dallons concerning tho collection and
inuiiuw letuiuillt; ui btuiisticai liuor-
mation relating to tho development nnd
growth of tho various resources of thu
Commonwealth. Such records nro an
almost iudispensablo necessity. The
want of them Is a source of constant
tiririltnvltv Iltlil ntinni.rinnn tn ..II 1...
u...sj ..I11.U .U till mu
Slnto olllccrs, and to others, including
uiuteu oiiues uiuciuis, unu represcma
tives or foreign nations, who havo busi
ness with tlio different departments of
thn f-shltn linviirnmntil M'lw..n ctnlltl. n
- - mw - ..... IIWU OlllllOll M
mlglit bu gatlicred. at a moderate ox-
livnsi.-, .ij- mi iiuuii!cut cierK ajiiioint
ed for that purpose, uud tho books ut
all times kept open for Inspection In
tllOOfllconf thn SeiTntnrv nf thn I'mn.
monwealtli.
LAND Iini'AKTMKNT.
'Plin rntini-t nf tl,.. r!n 1
funilslies ii detailed account of tho Land
Office. During tho past fiscal year .Vjxo
ImtOIltS WOril fssnnil. nnvnrln.r T.-17 1211
acres, being moro than ono llfty-sixth
imrt nf thn nrmi nf llm strain Tl,..
amount of work in this department re
quires Kuvorni uuuirionni ciorKs. Tho
insecurity of llm tinllillm- rmi.i,., i
essary additional Iron cases or safes for
tho protection of tho muniments of tltlu
and other public documents. Tlio cx-
iiuusuM ui tno oiuco, inciuuing fmprovo
nients, was i23,K)l), whilst tho receipts,
from fees alone, amounted to $.51,703.01.
MINES.
Herewith is submitted tho report of
the Inspectors of Mines, filled with
highly Important statistical informn
tion, to which your careful attention is
invited. Tlio necessity for such inspect
ors Is demonstrated by tlio number of
lasualtlus reported, and thu propriety
of extending tho provision of thu net
by which it lias been instituted to all
Uiu mining districts in the Stale, f.ncl.
bly exhibited.
YEM.OW KlIVl It.
This fearful epidemieinado its appear
lineiinl l hn f liiiir-int It,,, wtntl.... i.. t
. ..... .t.tu uiiiliuil til UIIIIIT
last, spie.idiug terror through tli
neighborhood, ami causing serious
nlarm in Philadelphia. Tlio disease as
SUIIIOll its U'nrst tvtin llllll t hn .......
ago of iiiurtality was' extremely large!
n.ij utuujjtii. in iiiu i.ii.;ireuo, iriim
Jamaica, by tho brig "Home," wbosn
captalii died during thu voyage. The
vessel was detained by order of thu
Lazaretto Physician, who, with the
Ounrmitlnit Mn-.ri.r .mil ntii.... ....1....1.1..
- ...... .....V. VttllltltlltJ
attaches of the stall in, fell victims tn
mu pestilence. 1 no second mate and
pilot of tho brig, in iolation of orders
to thu contrary, uud a.-o uf the health
regulations, went tn iho city, where
ine mini men ; iiuu 11 nas heen Inter
red that the deaths which subsequently
occurred thero nro partly attributable
to their imprudence.
Upon thu death of tho Lazaretto
Physician and tho Quarantine Master,
I appointed two physicians, both of
whom were known to huvo hud much
experienco in yellow fever, to (III tho
VlieiinetllJ. 'Pline- vnlimli ...i-r., 1 ll.l
, 7 '-, ...... 1. 11 i.. ... 1 m l- 1 m 1 v-
lees at a tlmo when it was dlillcult In
ouiain persons properly quilifled.
- , 1 (-(J .ll.ltVlt. lilt,
results lirnvml tin. 1. ,i ..!,. I.. .1
Tlio
.... ...u .it,,t tutj ,ji Ulf-M,
uppolnlmeutH. Soon after lhiy enten d
n,.w t mu nui mi iiimii-ij in tui'ir llUlles,
tlio dlsenso was eradicated and tho sta
lion restored to its Usually healthy con
dition. Somo changes seem necessary for tho
proper management of Iho quarantine
In mv mtlnhm thn f ln.it- ititln.. Af. .......
, , , --I'-"'--- .t....M..ltllU .'lUSll-l
should hy law be required to bu 11 med
ium 111.10, iiiniiineii uiuei us an assistant
to the Lazaretto Physician, und to per
form tho duties of Unit olllcer, in moo
of his absence, sickness or death, 11ml
this been the ca-o when tho Into pb.
clan died, tho necessity for calling us
sistanco from without would havo been
obviated, and the sickness, suffering
nnd mortality lessened. Tho salary of
this olllcer, as well as that of tho Luz t
retlo Physician, should bo materially
Increased, in order to retain competent
and responsible men for theso imporl
nut positions. Tho salaries now paid
jveru Uxed many .years ago, and are an
Inatlciiiintn cmiiitntwtiilnti r,i i... i. 1
and services required.
Grateful acknowledgments nro duo to
tho members of thu Hoard of Health
ior uieir excellent Biuiiiarv precautious
and personal services during thu preva
lence of tho epidemic, and also to tho
attaches of thu Quarantine Station for
their fearless devotion to duty in thu
I Itllfl nf lliltitmi nml 1 1, nl. ................. .1
hl ...vtt vniiaillilt llllll
beir-sacritlclng attention to tho wants or
llin 1.I1I- .,.,,1 .li.l.i. 11.. .1 t. , t
...u n.v .inn i ) us, uuu it not neen
for thiso faithful and elllclent services,
by which tho progress of tlio fuver wus
arrested, Philadelphia and other popu
lous districts might havo suffered a rep
etltlon or tlio horrors or foiiuer years
when tills dreaded disease mado sticli
frightful ravages.
in mi:.moiuam,
Hon. William V, l'Auicnt, ox-Oov-oruor,
died at Willlnmsport.on the L"7lli
of September last. Ho wus one of tlio
self-mado men or whum thu Slnto bus
Justly had eauso to bo proud. In earl v
life ho distinguished himself as a Jour
nalist, and in tho many public positions
ho subsequently occupied ho acquired
a high reputation for Ids eminont nbll-
ltles 114 11 i.tiitiiiii.111 iiti.l
..... 11 1 1 . ' "ivniivu nm-
U-er. Durlug his public career ho llllul