J- SV- ---(fpHIS'lf S- -S -
HATES OF ADVERTISING.
One inunre. Hen linen orlrs egtrl VaftrntrnKflB
IS rtIIltiI8HED EVKIIY FBI DAY MORNING
write Colombia- builm-io XKAntnn
count house, nr
HENRY L. DIEFFENBACH,
KDiTon and ruorniKTon.
rorcll tjpe) one or two kjoorttoas, ltOS thusl
insorttons.tJ.W,
SPAM. IX.
3.
Sx.
OH. "1
tt.oo fum
9,00 ill
13,00 1M
17,00
aoM" .
tCfid tOM
60,00 1
One sqn.re.....t..60
Two squares........ 3,60
Tbreo square...... .5,00
(3,00
5,00
14,00
7,00
9,00
7,00
Four squares 7.00
9,00
11,00
Quarter column,, 10,00
12,00
11,00
Terms-Two Dollars a Tear jajraMo In ttdvaneo.
OIBOULATION QGOO.
Half columu...... -1S,00
18,00
3000
40,00
Ono column. ..TO,00
Executor's or Administrator's HoUre,
Auditor's orAMtrnco's Notice, IJ.00.
Locl notices, twenty cents r line; by tho y-
ten cents.
Cards lntlio"BulncsDlrectory" column;
per year or tho flrst two lines, and 1.00 for ei
additional line.
JOD MINTING
Ol nil descriptions executed with nentness and
dispatch nt roa-ounblo rules.
V0LUME.IV--N0.i9.
BLOOMSBURG, PA., FRIDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1870.
COL. DEM. - VOL. XXXIV NO. 42,
fflf it ill ttt it t tit
Columbia County Official Direotory.
I'm trim t Jtn!ne I T.T.1 A M E I.w K r.T
Atsoctatc uutyci lnAM Deiik, Isaac B. Most
1'nthtmolnry, Ae. Wf.i.mnoton It. Ent.
Jleatiter .t ?ceorfr Williamson 11. JacoDV.
JHttrlet Attorney K. It. lKF.LF.lt.
Kherlff MnrtDROAt MiLi.AitD.
fittneyor IHAAC DKWITT.
7Vctwrer PAVin LowKNiiKnn.
CommliKmier- Wn.LtAM O. QUIcit, Cvnus
unnniNs, iiinAM j. hkkdku.
Dmmlj(ontr' Clerk Wn.r.iAM KmcRnAUH.
,tlKl(or-U. J. UAU-'llELL, A. J. ALUIIITSON,
1JAI.1K1.
Coroner John T). Hooctc,
JnnCVmm(M(oricr Isaac SIcIlniOK, Jons Mc
Anai.l. County Superintendent ClIAllI.ra U. Hauki.et.
Bloomsburg Official Directory,
7Vr( National Jlrinfc CllAH. It. lAXTotf,rres't.,
J. 1. Tustin. Cashier.
Jttoonnhurg JlulUllny and Saitnq Jmd Asxoeia
Ion. John Thomas, rrcs't., J, II, Uohihon, Hec.
JlloQiiuburg Mutual Saving lind Anociatton
President, M. WlUT.MOYKit, Scc'y.
BlOOIllSbUrC DireCtOfV. TAMES il.HAHMAN.Cablnet Make: and Un
iuiuiu6 wiioniuijf. j dortaker. Main St., below Pine. vl-n47
STOVES AND TINWARE.
AM. IIUPKUT, dealer lu stoves A tinware. Itu
. pert block, Main si. west of Market vl-nl.S
JACOI1 MHT7,, denier In stoves nnd tinware
Main street, above court house. vl-n41
CLOTHING, AO.
DAVID LOWENHEKG, Merchant Tailor, Main
St., 'M door nbovo American llouso, vl-n!3
w
M. MOItniS, Mcrchnnt Tailor corner of Cen-
tro and Main St., over Miner's store, vi-ljo
DUUQS, CHEMICALS, &C.
11 P. LUTZ.DrugglstandApothecary.Malnst.
!. below the Post Olllco, fc vl-ntl
UJOYEH 1IHOS.. Drueitlsts ali
Anothccarlcs.
ill jirowcr s uiocu .nam si,
V1-U4J
CLOCKS, WATCHES, AC.
Hn,lVL i,Ul 1 li.UblV, nnituin. oi'Lklutlcn .t
Jewelry Ac, Main Street near west at, v3-u!5 11
r 13. SAVAGE, dealer In Clocks, Watches and
J Jewelry, Main si,
lust below tho American
vl-43
r mils UEUNH AltD. Watch and Clock maker.
Li near southeast corner Main and Iron sts.vl4.1
?
I) CATIICAHT, Watch nud Clock Maker.Mar-
XV. kel street, ueiow iMam. vj.-i
BOOTS AND SHOES.
p M. DROWN, Hoot and Shoemaker, Main
V. street, uuuer uruwii H jiotei. viiit
!) below llHrttnan'Kktorc.wcstorMnrkct. vl-il
HENRY KLEIM.Mnnufactnrcr nnd dealer In
Hoots nnd Shoes, Groceries, etc., .Main street,
hibt Bloomsburg.
PROFESSIONAL.
abovo the Court House. vlu4j
Dtt. WM. M. REBER, Surgeon and Physician,
Exchange Block over Webb's book store V3-U2S
1R. 11, F. KINNEY, Hurgeon Del, 1st. Teeth
.lyexirucicu wiioouipinii; iuuiu Bt,,ucariy up-
posito episcopal uiuucu, v
Ti 11. IKELEIt. Attorney-at-Law, Olllco, 2d
Pi lloor luExehnngelllock, near the "Exchange
Hotel." v3-ul
Cu, MKKLM , Atlorney-at-Law, Oillce, Zd I
. floor In Exchange Block, near the "Exchange
r B. McKELVY.M. D..Bnrcenn and rhvslclnn,
I . north side Miiln St., below Murket, vln!3
t R. EVANS. M. 1).,
(J . south sldeMalnstrett.belowMnrkel.
niiiKv.ui llllll 1 11 J Biy.l.Il, 1
T C. BUTTER, M. D. Surgeon and Physician
O . iuurKei street, nuove iiiaiu, vi
1 II. ltOIHSON, Altorney-nt-Law, Olllco Hart-
tj. man's uuuuing, iuaiu street. Yifiu
MILLINERY & EANCY GOODS.
E.
1 I'.lJntUAii, i'lltllllllj ruin,; U.'V'lin.
ofpo.slte lOplfecoiml Ctmrcli, Alain &t, vl-uld I
M
IHS LIZZIE BAHKLEY, Milliner, ltamst-y
uutiuiug iunui btreei,
Vl-n
MlbS A. D. WEI1I1, Fancy Goods, Notions,
Books, nud Stallone, y, Exchaugo Block, Main
street. vl-n 13
MISS M. DERRICKbO.V, Millinery and Fancy
Goods.Muinst., beluw Market. vl-nll
1 1 im. 1:. KI.1NI
Xt1lllni.rv nml Kniw.v floods.
M Main slrett below Market,
Vi-ll
nils. .IIILIA A. A SADE BARKLEV. Ladles'
IH cinnku mill Dress Patterns, southeast corner
Main uud West sts. vl-nM
riaiE MISSES HAItMAN Millinery nud Fancy
1 Hoods, Main St., below American House, vlull
HOTELS AND SALOONS.
PORKS HOTEL, by T, Bent, Tnylor, east eud
X' of Mnln street. vl-43
WinMYKIl A JACOllY, Confectionery, Bakery
11 and Oyster Saloon, wholesale and retail, tx-
cuange iiiocu, iniu street, urn
MERCHANTS AND GROCERS.
OC. MARH, Dry aoods and Notions, south
west comer Mnln nud Iron sts, vl-u43
CB. SEESHOLTZ, dealer In Lry Goods, Gro-
eerles. Boots. Shoes. Ac., corner Main and
iron streets. V3-U30
TV A. nEnKT.F.Y- Ttnnt nod Rhoo store, hooks
V, A stationery. Main St., below Market. vl-n43
E,
JACORfl. Ponfecttonerv. Groceries etc.. Main
St., below Iron vM6
T MENDKNHALL.OeneralPtockofMerchan- I
U, (Use and Lumber, corner of Main street and i
Berwlclc road.
OX a 'WEBD, Confectionery nnd Bakery,
wholesale and retail, Kxchango Block, vl-n
H.
I;. JIU i iit, illllM eilll V UpH, DUUL. UUUOIIUIB,
Mnln St., above Court House, vl-n!3
T J. nnowEIt.Drv Goods. Groceries, etc.. cor
V . nor Main st. aud Court House alley. vl-n43
nOBniNH a EYER. dealer In Drv Goods. Gro
IV cerlcs, etc., cor.Maln and Centre sts. vl-nt3
J1C. OfRTON, Groceries A Provisions, Main
. Street below Market. vl-n44
T ir. F.YEH. Grneerles and General Merchan
d.dlse. Main st abovo West. VMS
1 'KELVY, NEAI. A CO., dealers In Dry Goods,
iiL 1. nu'enes, r itiur, r eeu. rwu, r 1.11. iiuu, mm,
ttc.N. V.. cor. Main and Market sts, vl-nU
Q H. MILLER A fiON, dealer lu Dry Goods,
fcj, urmeiira, .ucvuawiiii, .-..mi, nan, win...
Notions, etc. Exchange Block, Main st. vl-n43
MISCELLANEOUS.
1 WITMAN, Marble Works, one door below
, Post oillce, Mulu Street.
V1-U43
nr.rinMKRiiItn LUMSEft m.. manufacturers
D and dealers In Lumber of nil kinds; Planing
Mill near tho railroad. vlultt
0 FOSTER, Glue Maker, and White nud Fancy
. Tanner, Scottowu, Vlul7
0,
M. CHItlSTMAN. Saddle. Trunk A Harness,
maker. Shlve's Block Main Street. vHull)
D
W. ROItniNS.lt nunr dealer second door from
northwest comer Main and Iron sts, vl-utJ
Ell. BIDLEMAN, Agent for Muuson'a Copper
Tubular Lightning Rod. V2nl9
Ti J. THORNTON, Wall Paper. Window Shades
.u. auu niuirea, impert, uiocic, mam St.
GW.CORELL, Furniture Rooms, throe story
' brick, Malu Street, wet of Market st. vln43
TI ROHENUTOCK.Photographer, over ltobblns
x i w r.jer s store, iaiu
T 8. KTT1IN. ilpntprln Meat. Tallnw. etc.. Client.
l'berlln'salley.renrofAmerUan House. vlu4J
"JOHN A. FUNSTON A CO., mutual nnd cash
" rates lire Insurance compaulis.Brower's Build
ing. Main Street. vl-u43
TACOB DIEFFENBACH. llronm Factory. Or.
() dcrsleftat his residence or at Miller A Sou's
store promptly lilted. Best green Western brush
used. VM1I8,
TAMES CAIlMAN. Cabinetmaker and Chair
tl maker; rooms Main street bel. Iron. vS-n'.l
T W.SAMPLK A Co.,Machlnlsts, East Blooms-
1 wurg.uear iacu. it. it. L.akiujg iii
notice. Machinery mode and repaired,
n II. ItlN'OI.FIt. dealer In nlanos.
IV melodeons, at G, W, Corell's furniture rooms
SAMUEL JACOBY, Maibla and Brown Bton7
Works, East Blooinsburg.UcrwIck road. vl-n4e
W , PEACOCK .Notary Public, northeast corner
... urn, wni.tnh Vl-U
WM, ItAllu, dealer In furniture, trunks, cedei
willow ware, near tho Forks Hotel. v4-nlS
Orangeville Directory,
A E. W. COLEMAN, Merchant Tallorsond
dent's furnlshlni enoils. Main H'-.n:t ilnnr
to tho Ilrlck Hotel. vl-n47
All. llEnniNlI 4 HROTItF.R,Carrcntersnml
, Ilullders, Main st below l'lne. vl-n(7
1JOWER A IIERItINO, dealer In Dry Goods,
I) Groceries, Lumber nnd general Merchandise,
Main at. - vl-n47
BRICK IIOTEIi anil refreshment Bnloon, by
ItohrM'lIenry cor.ofMaln andl'lnost.,vl-nJ7
DR. O.A.MEaAROEIi.riiysIclanandBurRCon,
Main St., noxt door to Quod's Hotel, il-nl7
DAVID HKRR1NO. Flour and Grist Mill, and
Dealer In grain, Mill Btreet. vln47
HII.AO. KEI,CHNER,BlacksmItVis,on Mill
. Street, near 1'lno. V1-U17
T I..EDWAIIDH. Physician and Hurgeon,
1' st.,tlrst donrabovoM'IIeury's lintel,
, Main
V4-H23
T M.1IAHMAN,
O Aiainst.
oppslto Frame Church, virnll
, nutiuiu hiiu jinriu'ss muKer.
Cf.t.f.- t ,
SCHUYI.EH 4 CO., Iron founncrs.MachlulsIs,
und ManufactuierH of plows, Mill St. vl-ul
SAMUELSIIAIlPI,rJiS,MakcroriheHayhurst
Uraln Cradle. Main St. vi'ns.
WILLIAM DEI.ONO Slioemnkornt.a manurnc
turerof Urlck.MlllHU.westofl'iue vluJU
Catawissa.
F. DALLMAN, Merchant Tailor, Second St.
llobblns' Building. v2-ul!
rvit. J. k. RonniNs.
U second St,
below Main. v:'-nia
pILBEHT A KLINE, dry goods, groceries, and
U general merchandise, Main Street vS-ni:
D. KISTLEll, "Cattawlssa House,"
, Corner Main and Second Streets,
North
v2nl8
KCII.GR, lilllard Saloon, Oysters, nnd Icn
, Cream In season Main St, v2nl2
M. BUOBST. dealer In GeneralMerchandlso
Dry Goods, Groceries Ac, V2-U1S
QUHQUEIIANNA or llrlck Hotel, S. Koslen
O bauder Pronrietor.south-east corner Main nnd
Second Street, v2ul2
s.
I), IlINARD, dealer In Stoves and Tlu-wnre,
Main Street, v2nli
WM. II. ADDOTT, Attorney at law, Main St.
V2nl2
Light Street.
H.
F. OMAN A Co., Wheelwrights, first door
nbovo School House, vlufo
iu;i A. OMAN, Manufacturer and dealer lu
'Boots and Shoos, vln4(l
T J. LE1SER, M. I)., 8urgoon nnd Physician.
Olllco nt Keller's Hotel. v2n27
PETER ENT, dealer In Dry Goods Groceries,
Flour. Feed. Salt. Fish. Iron. Nails. etc.. Main
street. vln45
RS. ENT, denier in Stoves and Tin ware In
all Its branches. vlnlU
Espy.
BP. REIGI1ARD.A BRO..dcaler In Dry Goods.
' Groceries, and general Merchandise. v2ull
nsPY STEAM FLomttKO mit.t q p h v
K Proprietor. MILLS, c.s.l
'owler.
v2n46
D. WERKHEISER, Boot and Shoe Store and
ninnufaclorv. Hhon im Afnln street on.
poslle the Steam Mill. YSai
m W. EDOAR.Susquehanna Planing Mill nnd
1 Box Manulactory, v2nll
Buck Horn.
M.1
O. A W.H, BIIOEMAKER, dealers In ilry
Koods, groceries nnd gtueral roerchamliee.
lrHt fitore In south end ol town,
vxni
Hotels.
T
1IE ESPY HOTEL.
ESPY, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA,
Tho undersigned woflM Inform the t ravel Unc
fni b He that he 1irh taken the above named estab
lshmentnnd thoroughly refitted the same Tor
the perfect ronventeuce of hlHRucsU. Ills larder
will he Blocked with the heist the mnrket allonla.
The choicest llfiuors, wines and cigars always to
be found lu hln bar.
WILLIAM VKrllT.
Apr.23,C9-tf Kspy, la.
gRICK HOTEL,
OHANQEVILI.K, COLUM1UA COUK'J Y, PA.
ROIIR M'UENRY, Proprietor.
This well known House, havlnc been nut In
thorough repair. Is now open to the travelling
Imonu. j 110 itur ib siwiicu wuu nit iiruitfv
ltjuorn nndclarR.andthe table wltl be, at all
times. fiunnlled with tho dellciicles of the reason.
No pains will be bpared to insure tho comlort of
Kuesis,
nranrrnllllta .1 on IllTO-tf
MONTOUR HOUSE
IIUPKUT, PA,
WILLIAM BUlLEIt, Proprietor,
TIiIr Ilousfihiivlnc been tint In thoronch reialr
Is now open ft r the reception of Kue&tH. No
pains will be spared to ensure the rerfect com
fort of tho travelers. Toe Pioi-rletor boliclts I
share of publlo patronage. The bar will be
btocKeu ai au iimt-s wuu uno liquors auu cigars.
mariiwoix.
JENTON HOTEL.
W. F. PIATT, Proprietor,
BENTON, COLUMBIA COUNTY, PA.
This well known House havlnir been nut In
thorough repair Is now open for the reception of
visitors. 10 pains jiuvenetn spureu to eusiire
the perfect comfort of guests, The proprietor
also runs a stage irom tne jiotei to i:ioomsDurg
antt intermediate pomis ou ittisuay, inursuuj
and Saturday of each week. iun0'7Utf
Stoves and Tinwaro.
NE
EW STOVE AND TIN SHOP.
ISAIAH llAOENBUCir,
Main Street one door above E. Mendeuhall's
Store. . . . . .
A ItirgO US.UI UUCU, W nw.ro, It.llILl, muu
Ranges constuutly on band, and for sale at the
luwest rates.
Tinning In all Its branches carefully attended to,
and satisfaction guaranteed.
rill WOrK 01 an Kinus wuuicsaiu auu retail. A
'tai is requesieu,
pr.U,(llf
gTOVES AND TINWARE.
A. JU, 11UI .X.A
announces to his friends and customers that he
continues tho abovo business at bis old place on
MAIN STREET,'!! LOOM3BURG,
Customers can be accomodated with
FANCY STOVES
of all kinds, Stovepipes, Tinware and every va
riety of article found In a Stove and Tinware Es
tablishment In the cities, and on the most reason
able terms, Repairing done at the shortest notice,
23 DOZEN MILK-PANS
on hand for sale.
gOOTS AND SHOES.
liYlllt. U.lllVUWfl,
MAIB STBBKV, TJNDBK lUOWfl'H HOIIL.
A lull and completo assortment of ready made
uoots anu suoes lor iueu, women iinu cuiiureu
I ust received and for sale at reasonable rates.
Varieties to suit ali classes of customers. The
best of work done at short notice, as neretoiore,
uive win a can, tupro iwu.
JADIES' FANCY FURS I
j uuii r Ai11.11.A1
71 ARCH STltEKT,
Middle of the Block, between 7th and ftli Sts.
soutu Blue,
PJULADHLPJIIA,
Importer, Manufacturer and Dealer lu all kinds
aud quality or
FANCY FURS
FOR LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S WEAR,
Having enlarged, remodeled and Improved my
-IT. inl...rulv Jiinwii IMIHEMI'OltlUM.nud
iinvinir ininiirti'dn very lar.o and sideudld as
sortment of all the dlUerent kinds 01 Furs from
first hands In Kurope.nnd had Iheiuinade up by
ine moslSKUIIui Humuirji, . nuum ninMi..,,
ties tocullaud examine iny very largoand beau
,u, a.o"unent of rancy Furs, for ladles and
Clinureli. 1 am uetcrmineu u; kii i
1, rices as any olherrespeclablellouse lutheclt
All Furs warrantod. No misrepreseniauoii- 1
eirectsales. JOHN tAUKlRA;
, 718 AUtH HIltElT. I'lllUAUtl-l JllA.
NOT, 4, J67C-8n..
I'KKSHHINT'S MI.S3ACK.
5Tb the Scnalc. ami Jloute of llcprcscnU
alivcstiS. yenr of penco ntul Bonernl
prosperity to this nation has passed
sinco tho Inst nsscmbllnB of Coiirtcss.
Wo havo, throuch r klntl Providence,
been blessed with nbtindnnt crops nnu
havo been spnrctl from complications
nnil wnr with forolgn nations. In our
midst comparatlvo harmony has been
restored. It h to ho regrotted, howov
er, that rt frco cxerclso of tho olcctlvo
frnnchlso has, by vlolonco nnd Intimi
dation, been denied to citizens In ox
ceptlonnl cases In sovoral of tho Stotcs
lately In rebellion, nud tho verdict of
tho pcoplo has thereby been roversed.
Tho Stntes of Vlrginlo, Mississippi
nnil Texas havo been restored to our
national councils. Georgia, tho only
Stnto now without representation, may
confidently bo expected to take her
placo thcro also at tho beginning of tho
new year, nnd then, let us hope, will bo
completed the work of reconstruction.
With nn ncrpuieseenco on tho partof tho
whole pcoplo in tho nntlonnl obligation
to pay tlio public debt created as tho
prico of our Union, tho pensions to our
diMiblcd soldiers and sailors nnd their
willows nnd orphans, nnd In tho chan
ges of tho Constitution which havo
been niiulo necessary by n, grout rebel
lion, there is 110 reason why wo should
not ndvnnco In material prosperity and
happiness as 110 other nation over did
after so protracted aud devastating t
war.
Soon after tho existing wnr brofeo out
in Europo tho protection of tho United
States Minister In Paris was invoked
in favor of tho North Germans domi
ciled lu French territory. Instructions
wore issued to grnnt tho protection.
Tliis lias been followed by nn extension
of American protection to our citizens
of Saxony, Ilesso and Saxo Coburg Go
thn, Columbia, Portugal, Uruguay, tho
Dominium Republic, Ecuador, Chili,
Paraguay and Venezuela in Paris. iCho
charge was an onerous one, nnd requi
ring constant snvero labor ns well ns tho
exerciso of patience, prudenco nnd good
judgment. It lias been performed to
1110 cntlro satisfaction of this govern
ment, ntul. ns I am olilelnllv infnrmoil
equally so to tho satisfaction of tho gov
ernment of North Germany. As soon
as I learned that a republic had been
proclaimed nt i-aris, anil that tho peo
ple 01 iTanco nnti acquiesced In tlio
cliange, tlie minister of tho United
States was directed by telegraph to rcc
ognizo it and to offer niv eoncr.itiiln.
tions anil tlioso or tho peoplo of tho
United States. Tho ro-establishment
11 1' ran co 01 a system of government,
iiscuiiiiLuiud wuu 1110 ovnastv train.
tions of Europe, appeared to bo a tiron-
er subject for the felicliiation of Aracri
cans. Should tho present struggle result
in niiacnnig 1110 nenrts 01 tlio .French
to our simpler forms of reprosontativo
government, it will bo a subject of
still further satisfaction to our peoplo.
While wo mako no effort to Imposo our
institutions upon tho Inhabitants of
other countries, and whllo wo adhero
to our traditional neutrality in civil
contests clsawhore, wo can not bo indif
ferent to tlio spread of American politi
cal ideas in a great and highly civilized
country llko Franco. Wo wero asked
by tlio now government to tiso our good
offices jointly with tlioso of European
powers 111 inu interests 01 peace. An
swer was made thnt tho established
policy nnd tlio truo interests of United
States forbado them to interfere in Eu
ropan questions Jointly with European
powers.
I ascertained informnllv and unolll-
cinlly that tlio government of North
Germany was then disposed to listen to
such representation from any power,
and though earnestly wishing to seo
tuo Piossiiigs 01 peaco restored to tho
belligerents, with whom tho Unitied
States aro on terms of friendship, I de
clined, on tlio part of tlio government,
10 taiso a step which couiu only result
in injury to our truo interest, without
advancing the object for which our In
tercession was invoked. Should tho
timo como when tho action of tho Uni
ted States can hasten tho return of peaco
by a slnglo hour, that actiou will bo
Heartily taken.
I deemed It prudent in vlow of tho
number of persons of German and
French birth living in tho United
States toissuo, soon nfjer official notico
of a stato of war had been received
from both belligerents, a, proclamation
defining tlio duties or tho United States
as a neutral power and tho obligations
of persons residing within tho samo to
observe their laws and tho laws or other
nations. This proclamation was fol
lowed by others as circumstances called
for them. Tho'pcoplo thus acquainted
In advance of their duties and obliga
tions havo nssisted in preventing viola
tions of tho neutrality of tlio United
States.
It is not understood that tho condi
tion of tlio insurrection in Cuba has
materially changed sinco tlio close of
the last session of Congress. In nn early
stngo of tho contest tlio authorities of
Spain inaugurated a system 01 aruitra-
ry arrests, 01 cioso conlltiemcnt and
military trial nnd execution of persons
suspected of complicity with tho insur
gents, nud of summnry embargo 011
them nnd their properties, nud tlioso
iiuestratlon of their resources by execu
tive warrant. Such proceeding, so far
as they alfectcd tlio person or property
of a citizen of tlio United States, wore
violations of tho provisions of tho treaty
01 liuo, uetween 1110 united states ana
Spain. Representations of injuries re
sulting to tevcral persons claiming to
bo citizens of tho United States, by rea
son of such violations, wero made to
tno Kpanisn government, irom April is,
1SC9, to Juno last. Tho Spanish minis
ter, at Washington, had been clothed
with n limited power to aid In redrew
sing such wrongs. That power was
iouiid 10 uo wiiiiurnwu in view, ns it
was said, of tho favorablo situation In
which Cubit then wns, which, however,
did not lead to n rovocation or suspen
sion of tlio oxtraordlnnry and arbitrary
lunctions oxorciseii by tlio oxecuttvo
power in Cuba, and wo wero obliged to
mako our complaints nt Madrid. In
tho negotiations thus onuncd and
still ponding, tho United States only
claimed that for the ftiluro tho rights
secured to their citizens by treaty should
do respected uy uuna, and mat as to
tno past ajoint in mi mil siiouiii no es
tablished in tho United States with full
Jurisdiction over all such claims. l!o-
ioro sucii an impartial triuuuai cacu
claimant would bo reoulrcd to nrovo
his case. On tho other hand, Spain
would bo at liberty to traverso ovcry
national lact. anu tnus eomnicio enuitv
would bo done. A citso which at ono
timo threatened seriously to affect tho
relations botween tho United States and
Spain has already been disposed of in
tins wny.
Tho claims of tho owners of tho As-
plnwnll for tho illegal scizum und do
tcntlou of tho vessol wns rolcrred to nr.
titration by mutual consent, nnd has
resulted In nn award to tho United
States for tho owners of tlio sum of $19,,
70i!. 50 in L-old. Another and long nend
ing claim of n llko naturo that or tno
wlutlo ship Camtda. has been disposed
of by friendly arbitration during tho
iretent year. It was referred by the
olnt consent ot Ilrn7.Il and tho United
states 10 tho decision or Mr. Edward
Thornton, Her tlrltunlo Mnjestys Min
ister at Wnshlnsrton. who kindly under
took tho laborious" task of examining
tho voluminous mass of correspondence
and oviilenco submitted by tho two
povernments. and awarded to tho Uni
ted States tho sum of 10l),740,00 in gold
which has elnco been paid by tuo jmpo
rial government. Those recent exam
ples show that tho terms which tho
United States has proposed to Spain for
adjusting tho pending claims nro just
and fcaslblo, and that they may bo
agreed to ny citner witnout uisnonor.
It is to bo hoped thnt this moderate de
mand may bo acceded to by Spain with
out further delay. Should tho pending
negotiations uniortunatciy nnd unex
pectedly pass by without result it will
then become- my duty to communicate
that fact to Congress nnd invito its at
tention on tho subject.
Tho long deferrod peaco confcrcncO
bctweon Spain nnd tho allied South
American republics has beou inaugura
ted in Washington under tho auspices
of tlio United States. Pursuant to tho
recommendation contained in tho reso
lution of tho Houso of Representatives
of tho 17th of Dccembor, 1SC0, tho ex
ccutlvo part of tho government offered
its friendly offices for tho promotion of
peaco nnd harmony bctweon Spain and
tho allied republics, but hesitations and
obstacles occurred to tho acceptanco or
tho offer. Ultimately, howevor, n con
Terence wns nrranged, and wns opened
In this city on tho 20th or October last.
at which I authorized tlio Secrotnryot
btnto to preside It was attonded by
tho Ministers or Spain, Peru, Chill and
n,quauor. in consequence ot tno ab
sence or rt representative from Rollvia
tho conferenco adjourned until tho nt
tendnnco of plenipotentiaries from that
republic could bo secured or other mea
sures could bo adopted toward compas
sing its objects. Tho nllicd and other
republics of Spanish origin on this con
tinent may seo In this fact a new proof
of our slncero Interest in their welfaro
nnd or our desiro to see them blessed
with good governments, cnpablo ot
maintaining order nnd preserving their
territorial integrity, and or our slncero
wish to extend our own commercial and
social relations with them. Tho timo
is probably not Air distant when in
tho natural eourso or events, tlio Euro
pean political connection with this con
tinent will cease. Our policy should
bo shaped in vlow or this probability
so as to ally tho commercial interests or
tho Spanish American States moro
closely to our own and thus givo tho
United States all tho promlneneo and
ri'l tho advantage which Mr. Monroe,
Mr. Adams and Mr. Clay contemplated
when they proposed to Join in tho Con
grois or Panama.
During tho last session or Congress a
treaty for tho annexation of tho repub
lic of San Domingo to tho United States
failed torecoivo tho requisite two-thirds
votoortho Scnato. I was thoroughly
convinced then that tho best interests
of this country, commercially and ma
terially, demanded its ratification.
Timo has only confirmed mo in this
view. I now firmlv beliovo that thn
moment It is known that tho United
States has entirely nbandnnprl tlin nrn.
Ject of accepting as a part of its territory
mo laiauu 01 can iJOiningo a Irco port
will bo negotiated for by European na
tions, and on tho Bay or Samana a large
commercial city will spring up.to which
wo will bo tributary without receiving
corresponding benefits. Thon will bo
seen tho folly of neglecting so great a
prize. Tho government ol San Domin
go has voluntarily sought this annexa
tion, it is a weaK power, numbering
probably less than 120,000 souls, nnd yet
possessing ono of tho richest territories
under tho sun, capablo of supporting a
population often millions of people in
luxury. Tho neonlo of San Domintrn
aro not capablo of maintaining them
selves in their presont condition, and
must looic lor outsido support They
yearn for the protection of our frco in
stitutions and laws, our progress and
civilization. Shall we refuso them ?
Tho acnu sltion or San Dnm! nem is iln.
sirable, becauso or its geographical posl-
111111. 1 commands 1110 entrauco to tno
Carribenn sea, and tho isthmus transit
orcomtnerco. It possesses tho richest
soil, be6t and capacious harbors, most
Balubrious climate, and tlio most -alua-bio
products of tho forest, initio andsoil
or any other West India Islands. Its
possession by us will, in a row years,
build up a coastwise commerco or im
mense magnitude, which will tro far
toward restoring to us our lost mer
chant marine. It will glvo to us tho
articles which wo consumo so largely
aud do not produce, thus equallzlngour
exports nnd imports. In casoorroroign
war it win givo us command or all tho
is'nnds referred to, nnd thus prevent nn
enemy from overntrain possessinir hiin-
solf of rendezvous upon our very co.ist.
At present, our coast trado Dotween tlio
States, bordering on tho Atlantic and
those bordering on tho GulTor Mexico
is cut into by tho ISahama's and Antil
les twice. Wo must, as it were, pass
through foreign countries to got bv sea
from Georgia to tho west coast of 'Flor
ida. San Domingo, with a stable gov
ernment undor which her Immense re
sources can bo developed, will givo ro-
munerativo wages to tens 01 tnousands
of laborers not now upon tho island.
This labor will tnko advantage of every
avallablo means of transportation to
abandon tlio adjacent islands and seek
tho blessings of freedom nnd its no
quenco, each inhabitant receiving tho
reward of his own labor. Porto Rico
and Cuba will havo to abolish slavery
a? n measuro of self preservation to re
tain their laborers. San Domingo will
becomoalargoconstimerof tho products
of northern farms and manufactories.
Tho cheap rnto ot which her citizens
can bo furnished with food, tools and
mnnltlnA-i, ...111 !l ,
lllUV.ll.il,. Jf , ITIII IlllllVU II, IliTV.UaSill' llllll
contiguous Islands should havo tho same
advantages in order to compcto in the
production 01 sugar, eniieoniid touacco,
tropical fruits, etc. This will open to
us a still wider market for our products.
Tho production of our own supply of
inu articles win cut on moro man one
hundred millions of our annual imports
nesiiies largely increasing our oxports.
With such a plcturo it is easy to seo
how our largo uobt abroad Is 11 minute
ly to bo extinguished. With a balance
of trado against us, including Interest
on bonds held by foreigners and money
snont bv our citizens traveling In for.
oign lands, equal to tho entiro yield of
too precious menus in tins country, it
is not so easy to seo how this result is
to bo othcrwlso accomplished. Tho ac
quisition or San Domingo Is an adher
ence to tho Monroo doctrine. It is n
measuro or nntlonnl protection. It is
asserting our just claim to a controlling
lmiucncu over tno great commercial
traffic soon to flow from west to east by
way of tho Isthmus of Darion. It is to
build up our merchant marine. It Is to
furnish now markets for tho products of
ouriarms, suops nnu manuiactorics, it
Is to mako slavery Insupportablo in
Cuba nud Porto Itico nt ouco nnd ultl
mately so in Brazil. It Is to scttlo tho
unhannv condition of Cuba and end an
exterminating conflict. Itlstoprovldo
honest means of paying our honest
(icuts wituout overtaxing tno peopio.
It Is to fiirnUlt our citizens with tho
necessaries of every day liro nt cheaper
rates than over beforo, and it is to 11 ml
a rapid strldo toward thnt greatness
which tho Intelligence, Industry aud
enterprise of tho citizens of tho United
States entitle this country to hold
nmong nations. In vlow of tho im
portnuco of this question I earnestly
urgo upon Congress early action ex
presslvo of its views ns to tho best
means of acquiring Sun Domingo.
My suirtrestlon is that by Joint resolu
tion of tho two houses of Conuress tho
Executlvo bo authorized to appoint a
commission to negotlnto 11 treaty with
tho authorities of San Domingo for the
acquisition of that Islaml, and that an
appropriation bo mado to defray tho
1 UAIivllova U, BHIU WUlUU-WWll. A1IU
I rvnnasw. rf ttiinli MAtnmlBulnii ' I ' I , n
question mnython bodctcrmlncd cither
by action of tho two houses of Congress
uponn resolution of annexation, ns In
tho caso of tho acquisition of Toxns.
So convinced am 1 of tho advantages to
lliiw from tho acquisition of San Do
in ltigo, unit 01 tne great disadvantages,
I mljrlit also say calamities, to flow
from nomncqulsltlon, that I beliovo tho
subject has only to bo Investigated to
bo approved.
It Is to bo regretted that our repre
sentations, in regard to tho injurious
effects, especially upon tho rovenuo of
tho United Stales, of tho policy of tho
Mexican government In exempting
from import duties a iargo tract of its
territory on our borders, havo not only
been fruitless but that It is oven pro
posed In thnt country to extend tho
limits within which tho prlvllego ad
verted to has been enjoyed. Tho ex
pediency of taking Into your ecrlous
consideration proper measures for coun
tervailing tho policy referred to will, It
Is presumed, engage your earnest at
tention. It Is tlio obvious Interest, es
pecially or neighboring nations, to pro
vide ngainst impunity to tlioso who
may havo committed highway crimes
within theso borders and who may havo
sougnt relugo anroad. For tills pur
poso extradition treaties havo been con
cluded with several of tlio Central
American lcpubtlcs nud others aro in
progrtss.
Tlio sonso of Congress Is desired as
early as may bo convenient upon tho
proceedings of tho commission of claims
against Venezuela as communicated in
my messaires of March 10. ISO!). March
1, 1S70, and March 31, 1870. It bus not
beenileeined advls.tblo to (llstributoany
ot the money which lias been received
rrom that government until Congress
shall havo ncted upon tho subject.
Tho mnssacro or French and Russian
residents at Tien-Tsin, under circum
stances of ureat barb.irit v. wero suppos
ed by some to havo been premeditated
and to iudlcato a purpose among tho
populace to exterminate nil foreigners
in tho Chlneso empire. Tho evidenco
fails to esttibll'sli such a supposition, but
shows a complicity between tho local
authorities and tho mob. Tho govern
ment at Pokin, however, seems to havo
neon disposed to luliil ills treaty obliga
tions so far as it was ablo to do so. Un
fortunately tho news of tho war between
tlio German states and Franco reached
China soon nfter tho tna-sacre. It would
nppear that the popular mind becamo
...1,1. I..,. ..In.. .I.-, ir.i.t.. ......
iu-i.'.--uu iiu inu lueu unit, 11 nil'- uuii-
tost extended to Chineno waters It would
neutralize tho Christian influence nnd
power, and that tho time was coming
when tuo superstitious masses might
expel all foreigners and rcstoro manda
rin inilucnce. Anticipating trotiolo
from this cause. I invited Franco and
Northern Germany to mako nn author
izcd suspension or hostilities in the
East, whero they wero temporarily sus
penned py act 01 tne concordant, and
thov airreod to act together for tho fu
ture protection in Chfiia of tho lives and
properties or Americans and Jiuropo
ans.
Since tho adjournment of Congress tho
ratification of tlio treaty witli Great
Britain for abolishing tho mixed courts
and for thesuppresslon of thoslave trado
nas ocen oxcntingcii. it is poueveu
that tho slavo trado is now confined to
the eastern coast of Africa, whence the
slaves aro taken to Arabian markets,
Tho ratification or the naturalization
convention bctweon Great Britain and
tho United States lias nlso been ex
changed during the recess, and thus a
long standing dispute between tho two
governments has been settled in accord
ance with the principles always con
tended for by tho United Slates.
111 April last, whllo engaged in locat
ing a military reservation near Pem
bina, a corps of engineers discovered
tnai tno commonly receis'ou oounuary
line between the United States and the
British possessions nt that placo, is
nbout forty-seven hundred feet south or
tlio truo position or tlio forty-ninth par
allel. That tho Uno when run on what
is now supposed to bo the truo position
nrthat parallel, would lcavo part of the
Hudson Bay company at Pembina,
within tlio territory of theUiiited States.
This information being communicated
to tho British government, I was re
quested to consent and did consent that
tho British o?cupttlnn of the fort or tho
iiutison uay company siiouiii contlnuo
for tho present. I deem it important.
however, that this part or tho boun
dary lino .should lio definitely fixed by
a Joint coinmis-,lon or tho two govern
ments, ami I submit herewith estimates
of expense or such a commission on
tlio part of tho United States and rec
ommend that an appropriation be made
for that purpose. Tlio land boundary
has already been fixed and marked
from the stimm it of tlio Rocky moun
tains to the Georgian base. It should
now bo in like manner marked from
tho Lake of tho Woods to tho summit
ot tlie Rocky mountains.
i regret to say mat no conclusion nas
been reached for tho adjustment of tlio
claims nauliist Great Btitniu growing
out of tho eourso adopted by that gov
eminent during tho rebellion. Tho cab
inet nt London, ns its views havo been
expressed, does not nppear to bo willing
to concede mat tier majesty's govern
ment was guilty of any negligence or
did or permitted any net during tho war
by which tho United Stntes has just
complaint. Our firm and unalterable
convictions nro directly thoroverse. I
therefore recommend to Congress to nil-
thorlzo the iipnolutmeiit or ti commis
sion to tnko proof of tho amounts nnd
mo ownership 01 tneso several claims
on notico to tho representative or hor
majesty nt Washington, and that au
thority no given lor mu settlement 01
theso claims by tho United States so
that tho government bhall havo tho
ownership of tho private claims ns well
ns tho responsible control of all tho de
mands ugniust ureat isriiain, it can
not bo necessary to add that whenever
her majesty's government shall enter
tain a desfro for a full und friendly ad
justment of tlioso claims tho United
States will onter upon tnoir considera
tion with an earnest desiro lor a con
clusion consistent with tho honor and
dignity of both nations.
Tho eourso pursuod by tho Canadian
authorities toward the fishermen or tho
United States during tho past season has
not been marked by n friendly feeling.
By tho first nrtlclo of tho convention or
1818,between Great Britain nnd tho
United States, it was agreed that tho
Inhabitants of United States should
havo forever. In common with their
subjects, tho right of taking fish In cer
tain wntois therein designated, 111 tno
waters not included in tho limits nam
ed in tho convention, within threo miles
of parts of tho British coast, it lias been
tho custom for many years to glvo to
Intruding fishermen or tho United
States a reasonable warning or their
violation or tho technical rights or
Great Britain, Tho imperial govern
ment is understood to havo delegated
tho whole as a slinrooflls Jurisdiction
or control or theso inshore fishing
grounds to tho colonial autliority known
ns tho Dominion of Canada, mid this
samo Independent but Irresponsible
ngent has oxerclsed his delegated pow
ers In nn unfriendly way. Vossols havo
been seized, without notico or warning,
In violation of tho custom previously
prevailing nud havo been taken into tho
colonial ports, their voyages broken up
nud tho vessels condemned. Thero is
reason to liollovo that this unfriendly
nnd vexatious treatment was designed
to bear harshly upon tho hardy Ushor
men or tho United States with a view
to political effect upon this goyorninont.
Tho statutes of tho Dominion of Canada
nsstimo n still broader nnd moro untcn
ablojttrlsdlctloii over tho vessels or tho
United States. They nuthorlzo officers
or persons to bring vessels voyaging
within threo mnrlno miles of nny of tho
coasts, bays, crooks or harbors of Cana
da into port, to search, tho cargo, to ox
amino master on oath touching tho car
go and voyage, nnd to inflict upon him
it heavy pecuniary penalty If truo nn
swers aro not given ; nnd If such u ves
sel Is found preparing to fish within
tnrco marine miles or any sucn coasts,
bays, creeks or harbors without n li
cense, or after tho expiration of the
period named in tno last iicouso granted
to it, they provido that tho vessel with
her tackle, etc., shall bo forfeited. It is
not known that nny condemnation!
havo boon mado under this statute.
Should tho authorities of Canada at
tempt to onforco it, It will then becomo
my duty to tako such steps ns mny bo
necessary to protect tho rlchts or tho
citizens or tho United States. It has
boon claimed by her majesty's officers
that tho 11811111-: vessels or the United
States havo 110 right to enter tho open
ports 01 1110 linns 1 possessions in Aortn
America, oxcept for tho purposes of
sneuor anil repairing uamages, 01 pur
chasing 10011 nnd ontaininc water: mat
inoy navo no rignt to enter at tno
British custom houses, or to trado thero
except in tho purchase of wood and
water, nnd that they must depart with
in twenty-four hours after notico to
leave. It Is not known that any seiz
ure or a fishing vessel carrying tho flag
or tlio United States has been mado tin
der this claim. So fiir as tho claim Is
founded on nn alleged construction or
mu 1,1111 vujiiiuil Ul 101a, 11 i;iiiiuub uu
acquiesced in by tho United States. It
is hoped that it will not be insisted up
on by her male.stv'.s-irovernment. Dur
ing tno conierences which preceded tlio
negotiations ot tho convention or 1818,
the British commissioners proposed to
expressly excltulo tho fishermen or tho
United States rrom tlio privilege or car
rying on trado with any of his Britanlc
majesty's subjects residing within tlio
limits assigned lor tneir use, and also,
that it should not bo lawful for tho ves
sels of tho United States engaged lu
said fishing, to havo on board any
good', wares or merchandise wliatovor,
except such as mny bo necessary for tho
pro.-iccutlon or their voyages to nnd
from said fishing grounds, und that nny
vessel of tho United States which shall
contravene this regulation may bo seiz
ed. condemned and confiscated with
her cargo. This proposition, which is
identical with tho construction now put
upon me language 01 tuo convention,
was emphatically rejected by the Amer
ican commissioners, and thereupon was
abandoned by tho British plenipotenti
aries, and article 1 as it stands in tlio
convention was substituted. If, how
ever, it bo snid that this claim Is found
ed on provincial or colonial statutes,
and not upon mo convention, mis gov
ernment cannot but renard them as uu
Triendly and in contravention or tho
snirit. if not of tlio letter of tho treaty
for tho faithful execution of which tlio
Imperial government is nlono respon
slblc.
Anticipating that an nttcmpt may
nosslbly bo made by tho Canadian au
thorities in tho coming season to repeat
their unneichborly acts towardpour
fishermen, I recommend you to Vonfer
unon tho executlvo tho power to sus
pend by proclamation tho oporatlon ot
tho laws authorizing tho transit or
goods, wares and merchandise in uonu
across tho territory or tho United States
to Canada, and, further, should such an
extremo measure becomo necessary, to
suspend tho operation of nny laws
whereby tho vessels or the dominion or
Canada aro permitted to cuter mo wa
ters of tho United States. A llko un
friendly disposition has been manifest
ed on the part or Canada in tho main
tcnanco or a claim or right to oxcludo
tho citizens or tho United States from
the St. Lawrence. This river consti
tutes a natural outlet to tho ocean for
eiti it States, with an atrgrenato popula
tlon of 17,000,000 inhabitants, and with
an aggregato tonnago 'of 031,307 tons
upon tho waters which disehargo into
it. The foreign commerce of our ports
on these waters is open to British com
petition, nnd tlio major part of it is
done 111 iiritts.11 uottoms. 11 tuo Amer
ican seamen bo excluded from this na
tional iivenuo to tiie ocean, tho monop
oly ot tho direct commerce of tho lal:o
ports with tho Atlantic .would bo in
foreign hands, trans atlantic voyagers
having nn access to our lake ports would
bo denied to American vessels on simi
lar voyages. To stalo such a pronosl
tion Is to refute Its justice. During tlio
administration ot John Quincy Adams
Mr. Clay unanswerably demonstrated
tho natural right of tho citizens or tlio
united States to tho navigation ot this
river, claiming that tho act of tho Con
gress of Vienna in opening tho Rhino
and oilier rivers snowed tno judgment
of European Jurists and statesmen, nnd
that tho inhabitants or n country
through which a navigable river passes
havo a natural right to enjoy tho navi
gation ot thnt river to and into tlio sea,
even motigii passing through tno terri
tories of another powor. This right
does not oxcludo the coequal right of
tlio sovereign possessing tlio territory
through which tho river debouches into
tho sea to mako such regulations rela
tlvo to tho polico or the navigation as
mny bo reasonably necessary ; but theso
regulations should bo framed in n liber
al Hpirit of comity, and should not lm
poso needless burdens upon tho com
merce which has tho right of transit.
It has been found in practico moro ad
vantageous to nrrango theso regulations
by mutual agreement. Tho United
States nro ready to mako any reasounblo
arrangement as to tho polico of tlio St.
Lawieneo which may bo suggested by
Great Britain. If tho claim made by
Mr. Clay wasjust, when tho population
of the States bordering on tho lakes
was only 3, 100,000, It now derives great
er forco and equity from tlio increased
population, wealth, production and
tonnage ot the States on tho Canadian
frontier. Sinco Mr. Clay advanced his
argument In behalf of our right, tho
priuciplo for which ho contended, has
been frequently nnd by various nations
recognized by law or by treaty and has
been extended to several other great
rivers. By tho tieaty concluded nt
Mayenca in 1631 tho river was declared
freo from the point whero it Is first nav
igable into the sea. By tho convention
between Spain and Portugnl, concluded
in 1833, tho navigation of tho Douro
throughout Its wholo extent was made
freo for tho subjects of both crowns. In
1853 tho Argcntlno Confederation by
treaty threw open tho freo navigation
of the Parana aud Uruguay to merchant
vessels of nil nations. In 1850 tho
Crimean war was closed by a treaty,
which provided for tho freo navigation
of tlio Danube. In 133S Bolivia, by
treaty, dcclarod that it regarded tho
rivers Amazon and LaPlatto, In accord
aucu with tho fixed principles of tho
national law, ns highways or channels
open by naturo for tho commerco of nil
tuitions. In 1609 tho Paraguay was
mudo freo by treaty, nnd In December,
1800, tho Emperor of Brazil, by imper
ial decree, declared tho Amazon to bo
open to tlio frontier or Brazil to tho
merchant ships of nil nations. The
greatest living British authority on
this subject while asserting tho abstract
right ot tho British claim, says It seems
difficult to deny that Great Britain
mny ground her refusal upon strict law,
but it Is equally difficult to deny, first,
that lu bo doing sho exercises harshly
an extremo and hard law; secondly,
that her conduct with respect to tho
I navigation of tho St. Lawrence is In
glaring and discreditable Inconsistency
with her conduct with respect to tho
navigation of tho Mississippi. On tho
ground that sho possessed n small do
main In which tho Mississippi took Its
rise, she Insisted on tho right to navi
gate the enttro volunio of Its waters.
On the ground that sho possessed both
banks of tho St. Lawrenco whero It dls
embargoes Into tho sen, sho denies to
1110 united mates inorigntoi naviga
tion, though auoutono'lmil 01 1110 wa
tors of Lakes Ontario. Eric. Hudson
and Superior nnd tho wholo of Lake
Michigan, tnrougn wnion tuo river
flows, aro tho property of tho United
Stales' Tho natUn Is interested iu so
curing cheap transportation from tho
agricultural States of tho west to tho
Atlantic scaijoarti. to tno citizens 01
tho States it seems n greater return for
their labor. To tho Inhabitants of tho
seaboard, it nfTords cheaper food, and to
tho nation nn Incrcaso In tho annual
surplus of wealth. It Is to bo hoped
mat tno government or ureat untain
will seo tho Justleo of abandoning tho
narrow and inconsistent claim to which
her Canadian nrovinces.havo urged her
adherents.
Our depressed commerco Is a subject
to which I called your special attention
at tuo last session nnu suggested mat
wo will in tho future havo to look morn
to tlio countries south of us nnd to China
and Japan for Its revival. Our repre
sentatives to nil those governments
havo exerted their Influence to encour
ngo trndo between tlio United States
and tho countries to which they aro ac
credited ; but tho fact exists that the
carrying Is dono almost entirely In for
eign bottoms, and whllo this stato or
affairs oxists, wo cannot control our duo
sharo or tho commerce or tho world.
That between tho Pacific States and
China and Japan is about all tho carry
lug trado now conducted In American
vessels. I would recommend a liberal
policy towards that lino ol American
steamers, one that will insure its suc
cess, and even Increased uscrulness.
Tho cost or building iron vessels, tho
only ones mat cancompeto with loreign
ships In tho carrying or trade, is so
much greater In tho United States than
in foreign countries, that without some
assistance irom tho government, tney
cannot bo successfully built hero. Thcro
will bo sovoral propositions laid before
Congress In tho eourso of tho present
session looking to a remedy for this evil,
even ir It should ba at some cost to the
national treasury. I hope such encour
agement will bo given as will secure
American shipping on tho high seas
and American ship building at home.
Tho condition or tho archives at tho
Department ot State call for tho early
action of Congress. Tlio building now
rented by that department is a frail
Htructuro, at an inconvenient distance
from tho executive mansion und from
tho other departments. It h ill adapt
ed to tlio purposes for which It Is used,
and has not capacity to accommodate
the archives, and is not Qre-proof. Its
remote situation, its Blender construc
tion, and its nbsenco of a supply of
water in tho iidiiiboriiood, leaves Put
iittio hope or aarety ror eitnor tuo duhu
Inc or its contents in caso or tho accident
or a ffre. Its destruction would involve
tho loss or the rolls containing the ori
ginal acts and resolutions of Congress,
of tho historic records ot tho Revolu
tion, and ot tho confederation, or tho
wholo scries or diplomatic and consular
archives sinco tno nuoption 01 tno uon
stltution. and or tho many other valua
bio records and papers left with tho
department when it was the principal
depository of the governmental arch
ives. I recommend an appropriation
for the construction of a building for
the Department of Stato.
I recommend to your consideration
tho propriety of transferring to tho De
partment of tho Interior, to which they
seem moro appropriately to bolong, all
powers and duties In relation to tho ter
ritories with which tho Department or
Stato is now charged by law or usage,
and rrom tho Interior Department ti
tho War Department tho Pension Bu
reau, so far as It regulates tho payment
of sold lero' pensions. I would further
recommend that tlie payment of naval
pensions bo transferred to ono of tlio
bureaus or tho Navy Dopartnient.
The estimate or the expenses or tho
government for the next fiscal year aro
$18,211,310 01 less than for the current
ono i but exceed tho appropriations for
tho present year for the same items $S,
071,127 60. In this estimate, however,
is included $22,318,278 37 for public
works heretofore begun under Congres
sional provisions, and of which only so
much is asked as Congress may choose
to give. Tho appropriation for tho
samo works for tho present fiscal year
wasll,ysi,0l8 0S.
Tho uverago valtio of gold, as com
pared with national currency for tho
wholo year of 1600, wns about $1 31, nnd
for eleven mouths of 1870 tho same re
lative value has been f 1 15. Tho ap
proach to a speclo basis is very gratify
ing, but tho fact cannot bo denied that
the Instability ot tlio valuo or our cur
rency Is prejudicial to our prosperity
an d tends to keep up prices to tho de
triment or trado. The evils of a denro-
elated and fluctuating currency nro so
great, thnt now, wnen tno premium 011
gold has fallen so much, it would seem
that tho timo has arrived when by wise
and prudent legislation Congressshould
look to a policy which must placo our
currency nt par with gold nt 110 distant
day. Tho tax collected from tho peo
plo has been reduced moro than jSO,
000,000 per annum. By steadiness In
our present course, thero Is no reason
why, in a few bhort years, tho national
tnxgatherer may not disappear from
tho door of tho citizen almost entirely.
With tho revenue stamps disbursed by
postmasters in every community, a tax
upon liquors or nil sorts, and tobacco in
all forms, nnd by n wise adjustment of
1110 tariii wnicn win put n uuty omy
upon tlioso articles which we could dls
penso with, known as luxuries, nud on
ihoso which wo uso more of than pro
duce, a further reduction of expenso, In
addition to a reduction of interest ac
count, may bo relied on to make this
practicable. If revenuo reform means
this, it lias my hearty support. If it
Implies a collection of all the Income
for tho support of tho government, for
tho payment of tho principal and Inter
est of the public debt, pensions, etc., by
directly taxing tho people, then I nm
against rovenuo reform, and confident
ly beliovo tho peoplo aro with mo. If
It means n failure to provido tho nccos
sary means to defray all the expenses
of the government and thereby repudi
ation of tho public debt und pensions,
then I am still moro opposed to such
kind of revenuo reform. Revenue re
form has not been defined by any of its
advocates, to my knowledge, but sooms
to bo necopted na something which Is to
supply ovcry man's wants without nny
cost or effort on his part. A truo reven
ue reform cannot bo mado In 11 day, but
must bo tho work of national legisla
tion nnd of timo. As soon as tho rev
enuo can bo dispensed with, nil duty
should ho romoved from coffeo, ten and
other articles of universal uso not pro
duced by ourselves. Tho necessities of
tno country compel us to collect roven
uo from our imports. An nrmy of as
Bossors and collectors Is not a pleasant
sight to tho citizen, but a tariff for rov
enuo Is necessary. Such tariff so far as
It acts as un encouragement to homo
productlon.aflbrds employment to labor
111 uving wages iu contrast to mo pau
per labor of the old world and also in
the devolopmont of homo resources un
dor tho act of Congress of tho 15th day
of July, 1870.
Tho army has gradually boon reduc
ed so that on the first day of January,
1870, tho number of commissioned' of.
nccrs nnu men wiiinotcxceoii 1110 num
bcr contemplated by tho law. 1
-1-llU lYUl Xl(,'iurillli;ill. uuuiiliJl, nn
old structure, not flro proof, and" om
liiuiy mnuuiiuuiu 111 uiiiictisiuii iu uus
present wants. Many thousands of doN"
lars aro now paid unnually for rent fjf
private building to accommodate vkrl
ous bureaus of tho department. I rec
ommend an appropriation for a now
War Department building suited to th
present growing wants of tho nation!.'
Tho report of tho Secretary of War
shows a very satisfactory reduction"' In',
tho oxpenscs of tho army for tho lost
fiscal year. For details you aro referred
to his accompanying report.
Tho oxpenses of the navy for tho
wholo of last year, from December 1$
180'J, tho data of tho last report, urd lest
man iu,uuu,uuu, or auouv i,uuu,wi m
than they wero tho provlous year. The
n..ne,i-... oinnn tlin nrttiimnnnp-mpnt of
tho fiscal year sluco July 1 show for
the uvo months n uecrcaso 01 uvcr j,
100,000 from those of tho corresponding
mn.iii.jer u,n imt veir. Thn pstlmatol '
for tho current year wero $28,205,075 37.
Tlioso for tho next year aro $20,083,317,
with $1)55,1(10 additional ior ih'otij
and permttnent Improvements. These
estimates aro mado closely for tho mere
mnlnlonnnco ofl ho naval establishment
as it now Is without much lu tho na
ture of permanent Improvement. Tho
i...t,..,.-, ..,(.. fVi fhi hiir ntul
tiiMiiuiiii.iitwiia ni.nivi .w. ...w
current years wero evidently Intended.
ny congress and nro buiucivh. ij
i, r.,. iij tiMwnnt fiinllntr bv
tv,;fl IIIU lillVJ, Vl ...-..-- n
tho repairing and refitting of our old
ships. This policy must of eourso grad
ually UUt sureiy uestruy mu iiaYj.iiui
u 1 in Honir r.i- frnm rvnnnmlciil. AS
lb IT 111 IIOVI. . - . - -
eacli year that It is pursued tho necessi
ty lor now repairs 111 snips mm j
yards becomes moro imperatlvo nml
: 11.. . , , 1 nnrraiir. fr.
uiuru uuiuy, mm win -----
penses aro annually Increased for tho
mero repair 01 snips, many ui wmwi
must soon becomo unsafe and useless.
I hopo during tho present session of
Congress to bo ablo to submit to it a
plan by which naval ves-els can bo built
and repairs mado with great saving up
on tlie present cost, it can hardly be
wlso statesmanship In a government
which represents a country n
Hvo thousand miles of coast lines on
i.n.i. 1C, nvninalirn nf Alaska, ana
UUlll lILUi-U, '-'--"-' " " '
containing forty millions of.progrcs-
.1 1!. ...111. -nll!ina nfnuitrv rift.
sivu people, wiin iwn" -
turo WUU almost uvery
... . . ....i i. t....i,.r.iintn mi!inn nf
10 rest wiin Butu iiium.-!"."- . -enforcing
any foreign policy, either ol
protection or ruuresa.
tho ocean from tho nations of tho Ea
torn continent, our navy is our only
means or direct protection to our citi
zens abroad, or ior tno raiuiniiacui. u
any foreign policy.
Tho accompanying report of the Post
master Goneral shows a most saUsfacU).
ry working of that department. With
tho adoption or tho recommendation
contained therein, particularly those re
lating to n reform in the franking prlv
llego and tho adoption of the corres-
pouueuct) carua, u ouii--jv. -jr. . 7 ,
system may speedily bo looked for.aml
at no distant day a further reductionof
tno ratos 01 postago uu uiiu. -
ommend the authorization by CongreBi
to tho Postmaster General and tho At
torney General to issue all tho commis
sions to officials appointed through
....I ,lnn.,tinanlg At Tre&
muir rusufcuvu ui.jiaiii-..."'- ,
cnt these commissions, where appolut-
ments aro presidential, aro ssuwl DT
the Ktato Departr-icnt. j.uu i"
,1.. .1 (.f lli.. ffAi-nrinnpur. nx.
wie iiLMiiiriiueuia ui vnw. ,-.....-.--,
cept those or tho post olllco aud or Jus-
commissions, always mvoniiK i.i...--
forms. I respectfully call your ntten.
tion to ono nbuso of long standing,
which I would llko to seo remedied y
. . . nrnrtf Inal
this Congress, it is a rciorm 111 1 n v
11 servico of tho country. I would havo
1. 1 .1 ...ni llvlne. nf tnoton-
lb j;u uuyuuu inu mi.iu - ----
uro or olllco or clarks and employe s,
who do not requlo tho advico and con
sent or the Senate. To mako their ap
pointments completo I would have it
govern not tno leiiuru uut --- . -of
making appointments. Thero Is no
duty which so embarrasses tho execu
tive and heads of departments, nor H .
1. i..n..r. HmnLrlf s.Q
incro any buca aruuuua
sentallves ns that or finding place for
constituents, ine prtnuui
not seeuro the best men and often not
even fit men for public places. I no -el
evation nnu puriiiaiuim , ",
vlco of the government will bo imiicd
with approval by the wholo people or
m. TT..M...1 c-..., iinr,.m In thn man
-uu uillteii omit-, -ivwi..... , ,
ngemcut of Indian affairs has received
the special attention or tlio administra
tion from its inauguration to tho pres
ent ilav. Tho experiment of making
it n missionary work wn3 tr ei wiin n
few agencies, given to tho doitomlmi
tion of Friend-, nnd has been found to
work most ndvantagojusly. All ngeii-
t,., 1 n....r,.li,lnnilnnld lint RM (llSl)OS
Ull-Sl llllll Dlll'Viiinvi. - -
ed or wero given to officers or the army.
The act 01 (jongrcss nuu1.11 ..."
renders nrmy officers ineligible forciytl
servico. Some or tho Indian nccncli-s
bolng civil otucos I deem It my duty to
glvo nil tho agencies to such religious
denominations as had heretofore ostab.
ii.... i .tn..n.in3 .hinnn t hn Indians.
lisueil iiii-v-tiuniiiii;-""I-. ,
and perhaps to somo other denomliiv
.. .. .., 1.1 ..n.l,.i-lnt-n thn wnrlr
lions wno wuuiu ui""-'"""- , ; -
on tho samo terms, I. 0., as a mission
ry work. Thn societies selected aro nl-
1UWCU III lllllliu liii- '.,
Ject to tho approval (r tho executive.
anu aro expecieu iu .nv.i ... .
.1 ...fl..n-.l3 in nlir-Ullonizn ntul
iiicui itsi iiiift-Muiitii 11-3 v... , :, - -to
elvillzo tholndlans and to train them
in tho arts 01 peaco. inu
watches over tho official nets of thft-o
..... . .....1 ,ij nf theni ns strict nil
nuiui- nun 11.111111..- - .
accountability as if they syero appointed
in nny other manner. """"
confident hope that tho policy now- pur
sued will in a few years bring all tho
Indians upon reservations where they
will llvo In houses, nml hnyo school
houses and churches, und will bo pur
-..1 mi r.Hiistnlnlnir avo
euint; ncucuiui iinu , - ,,. .
cations nnd whero they may ba visited
by tho lawaDiuing wiiuu nun. "
same Impunity that ho now vis s t
i ..1 1 r ...l.llT.ontllements. I Call VOUr
U1V1H-.C14 111 IVJ - . .
special attention to tho report of tho
Commissioner of Indian alfar-s for full
iniormatiou on ini -""j"" , .
i, ... n..,t ,.n,i-o. oos.-ll lacresofnub
11IU Ul-b li.-l.lll JV... . "
lie Innd wero disposed of. Ot this quan-
thn iinmmtpsil law. and 2,100,515.81
acres sold for cash. Tho remainder was
located with military .wnrrants col
lego or Indian scrip, orui'iniei. ...
faction of r-rauts to railroads, or for
other purposes. The entries under tno
homestead law during the- last sear
covered 901,015 acres muru uu...
during tho preceding year. hursjyB
havo been vigorously l'wcul.-A?lnu?1
full oxtent of.tho m cans n-ipHcablo to
tho purpose. The quantity of land In
market will nmply supply tlio present
. 1 mi,, ninim r thn settler tin
llUlllllllU. UlUllMl." . ..,..
der tho homestead or tho pre-emption
law Is not, however, itmiu-u iu
subject tojsalo at private entry. A y
unappropriated Htirvoyod public land
may to n limited amount be acqulr--undor
the former laws, the party -"'
titled to enter under them will comply
with tho requirements they present
In regard to residence and cultivation.
Thouctual K-ttlers preferenco right of
purchase Is even broader nnd extends to
lands which wero uiieurvryed nt the
timo of his settlement. His right wi s
formerly confined within much narrow
er limits, and nt ono period or our hlF
tory, was conferred only by spcdul
statute, therefore) enabling him, from
timo to time, to legalize what was then
regarded as un unauthorized Intrusion
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