IS PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY M0RN1NU
IKTHR COLUMBIAN nUILtlINO HltAnTHK
COURT HODBE, nv
HENRY L. DIEFFENBACH,
XDITOR AND l'ROrnlETOII.
Termi-Two Collars a Year payable In advaneo.
OIROULATION SBOO.
JOD PRINTING
01 nil descriptions executed Willi nontness nnd
dispatch at reasonable rates.
rt i I n i n m ! 1 ti! x I ... . i I
iiniiimmn unnniv uinciai jjirocmrv. urnnirmn n n
Iwtfih-nt Juttae Wlf.LIAM ELWKLT..
Auoctale Jutlget Irak DKitu, Isaac S. Mom
B jvononcrfary, Ac WKtMNtiTON II, Ent.
Rttftltr e Jlecorder Williamson II. Jacoiiv.
DtttrM Attorney V.. It. Ikei.kr.
gtortff MORDICAI MtLLARD.
Rurwyor Isaac Dkwitt.
fWnnriwwllAVIIl TiOWRNittrnn.
tnmmUt(onH William o. quick, cviicr
JfcUllltll-", i.fti..i,e,i..
CMnmbttonera' Clerk William KnirKnAUM,
AvitltorlV. J. CAMPBELL, A. J, AL11K11TH0N,
DAMKLliKK
Otroner JOHN D. IioucK.
.Tun CbmmfMfoner InAArl Mrllntnre.
C0un(J'6VjKTinfl(tOlI CHARLES O, UARKLKV,
Bloomsburg Official Directory,
rit national 13ank-(lUAB. 11. I'axton, l'rcs't.,
J. r. Tcstin. Cashier.
iiloomtourg uuitami nna oaiwa lruml uioclcf
Hon John Thomas, Pres't., J, 11. llonisoN, Sec,
Jltomuburg Mutual timing Jvnd Aitoclation
. President, M. Wiiituoyer, Seo'y.
Bloomsburg Directory.
STOVES AND TINWARE.
I M. RUPERT, dcalor In stoves A tlnwnre, Ru -
A. peri mock, Mam si. west or Market. vl-n!3
JACOB METZ, dealer la stoves and tinware
Main street,abovo court bouse. vl-nt3
CLOTHING, &c.
AVID LOWENBEIia. MercliantTaltor. Main
si., u uuur uuuvu aiuvucuii uuuse. vinii
w
M. MOIMUS. Merchant Tnllor corner of Ceii
ire ana xinm si., over Aimers store, vj-uo
DRUGS, CHEMICALS, Ac.
y I. LUTZ. UraecintauU Anotliecnrv.Mrtln hi.
M
OYEU IlltOS., DruculsU and AnotbecurleR.
mower a uiuuk. auuiu bi, vi-iim
CLOCKS, WATCHES, &C.
HENRY ZUrPINOER, Wntchcs, Spectacles A
Jewelry c, Main Street near West St. 3-U15
n E. SAVAGE, dealer in Clocks, Wntrlies and
y Jewelry, Main St., Just below the American
House. vl-ll
f 0UIS BEUNHARD. Watch and Clock maker.
Li ncarsoutheastcorucr Maluaud Iron sts.vl-43
It
CAT11CAIIT, Walch and Clock Muker, Mar
ket Btreet, below Mulu. vl-ul.l
BOOTS AND SHOES.
1 M. BROWN, Boot and Shoemaker. Main
j, street, under iirowu's Hotel, vi-ulJ
D
AVIU I1KTZ. llnnt. nml hnmnu.,r ti
oeiuw uuriiuun s more, weal or MnrUet, vl-il
HENRY KIjEIM, Manufacturer nnd dealer iu
Itnntfi nnd HhrtcH flrtncrlcn dn ri..
hast 11 loom b burg, ' ' vlu4.f
PROFESSIONAL.
D
n. it. (i iinwrcn. HiiMTDnn iw.itiu .
uuuvc iuu vuun iiouhu. vl'Il-M
D
R. WM. M. IlEBEIt, Surgeon and Physician,
Exchange Block over Webb's book store vs-uis
DR. B, F. KINNEY, Surgeon Dentist. Teeth
extracted without pain: Mulu St.. nearly on-
poslte Episcopal Church, vl-nl0
IJ H. IKELEIt. Attnmev.nl. Ijiu.- nm ",l
Il floor lu Exchange Block, near tho "Eichango
hotel." vi.7. i
CO. UAKKLEY, Attorncy-at-I,aw. Office, 2d
. lloorln Excbangu Block, ntar tho "Exchauee
Hotel." vt-u3'
7 11. McKELVY.M. D.,Hurgenn and Physician.
J , uorlh sldo Main St., below Market. vln)3
It. EVANH. M. D.. HurLM.f.n itn.l TvBl.ln
south side Main street, beluw Market, vl-nii
I C. BUTTElt, M. I). Burgeon and Tbyslclnn
J . Market street, abovo Main. vl-ntt
J,
B. I10BI80N. Attorney-at-Ijiw. Office Hart-
man's building, Main street. V2-U20
MILLINEBY & FANCY GOODS.
I'ETEBMAN, Millinery and Fancy Goods,
, opposite Episcopal Climch, Main st, vl-ulj
M
IBS LIZZIE BAItKLEY, Milliner, Hams6
uuifuiu juiu sircei, Vln
MISS A. I). WEBB, Fancy Goods. Notions,
Books, and BUitiouery, Exchange Block, Main
street. vl-ul3
M
183 M DEKRICKRON, Millinery and Fancy
M
RS.E. KLINE. Millinery and iancy Good
3iain sireei oeiow iuuruei. vi-iu
MBS. JULIA A. A BADE BAItKLEY, Ladles'
Cloaks and Bress l'attenu, southeast comer
Main and West sts. vl-iH )
IIUIE MIB8EH 1IAHMAN Millinery nnd Fancy
1 Uoods, Main St., below American House, vlull
HOTELS AND SALOONS.
10I.UMBIA HOTEL, by It. Slohner, Main s
J abovo Court House. vln
FORKS HOTEL, by T. Bent. Taylor, east en"'
or Main street. vl-lJ
TflDSIYEU A JACOBY. Confectionery, Bakery
I and Oysler Haloon, wholesale und retail. Ex
change Block, Main street. vl-uH
MERCHANTS AND GROCERS.
CC. MARK, Pry Goods and Notions, roulh-
west corner Main and Iron sts. V1-1W3
n B.HEESHOLTZ, dealer In l.ry Gooils, Gro
U' cerles, Boots, Shoes, Ac, corner Main and
Iron streets. v3-n30
DA. BECKLEY. Boot nnd Bhon store, books
. A stationery, Main St., below Market. vMiI3
EJACOna, Confectionery, groceries etc., Main
St., below Iron vl-tfl
ft MENnFNHAI.r,,General Block nrMerohan
i.dlsB and Lumber, corner of Main street and
Berwick road. vl-nll
FOX A WEBB, f'onfccllonery nnd Bnkerv.
wnoleiale and retail, Exchange Block, vl-nll
HUHOWEIt.Hntsrndrnps, BootsnndBhocs,
. Main St., above Court House. vl-n 13
J J. BROWEIt, Dry Goods Groceries, etcC, cor-
tier Main st. and Court House alley, vMHI
ROBBINB 4 EYEH, denler"ln Dry" Oood Gro
cerles, etc., cor. Maln and Ccnlre sts. vl-n!3
T OHITON, Groceries A Provisions, Main
u. Street below Market, vl-nll
JK. EYEH, Groceries and General Merchan
dise, Main St.. above West. vl.l.l
I IKELVY. NEAI. A CO.. dealers In Tlrv
U Oroceries, Floor, Feed, Bait, Flsh.Iron, Nails!
lc.,N. E. cor. Main and Market sts. vl-nii
SH. MILLER, A SON,, dealer in Dry Goods,
. Groceries, Queensware, Flnnr, Ball, Bhoes,
notions, etc., Excbango Block, Main st. vl-uM
MISCELLANEOUS.
AWITMAN, Marble Works, one door below
. Pott Office, Main Btreet. V1-U13
IlLOOSIHllUItO LUMBER CO., manufacturers
Jl and dealers In Lumber or all kinds ; Planing
Mill near the railroad. vlnlt)
0 FOSTER. Glue Maker, and White and Fancy
i Tanner, Bcottowu. vlun
CM. CHRISTMAN, Saddle, Trunk A Harness.
. maker, tihlve's Block -Main Btreet. V3ul0
D
W. ItOBBINB.llnunrdealorsccoiifldnnr frnm
' northwest corner Main and Iron sts. vl-ut3
fi.Tm,Dr'FM,A.Nl Aent for Munsou's Copper
Tubular Lightning Rod. nVvl9
E Jl3",.llNT0Jf' WaU Taper, Window Shades
JU. and fixtures. Rupert block. Main st. vl.13
G. Ki?OR.E?'I'l,.r'orDUure Booms, three story
nrlck. Main Btreet, west or Market st. vln (3
H ROSENSTOCK.Photographer, over Robblns
' ixEyer's Store, Malnst. yl-
I. Si u.IINt dealer in Meat, Tallow, etc., Clicm".
x oeuin's alley, rear or American House. vlnU
J"N A.FUNBTON A CO.. mutual and cash
in J t!f Vre insurance companlis,lirower's Build
!?jJlaln Btreet. vl-n
ACOB IlIEKFENBACH, Broom Factory. Or.
ltorft , ,, oral liter A nun s
oied '"i'viy uiitu. iiwi green wesieru orusu
.TiJ'.ES CADMAN, Cabinetmaker and Chair
uiatkeri rooms Main street bcl. Iron. vH-u'JI
M W.BAMPLE A Co., Machlnlsls.list Blooms.
totiSr?V,le? to- !' Hastings made at short
"co. Machinery made and repaired. V3-U23
n, II. JUNGLEll, denier in pianos, organs and
raelodeons.at O, W. Corell's furniture rooms
. Vl-nt3
Sw.vEL,.,A99By' Marble nnd Brown HtonV
"vorks, East Bloomsburg.BerwIck road, vl-nle
Vi ISiCK.Notary Public, northeast corner
J' Mslnand Markets!. vl-u
. VI-U1J
MJiAUJ?' dl In furniture, trunks, cedej
willow ware, ucur tho Forks Hotel. l-nlJ
j j i -"-rw ...u wuuubuiv
"5 l
VOLUME IV -NO 43.
A n.S; COWMAN, Merchant Tailors and
.,.fi,(nn.V",f,JJ"Jsl,'lngB00d!,'Jlftllll't next door
to tho Brick Hotel. vl-nl7
A ""I.N.''frenlerTal
IX.. Builders, Main St., below Pine. vl-urr
1)0 WER A HERRING, dealer In Dry Goods,
I) tlroccrles, Lumber and general Merchandise
Main st. V1-U17
B'i.'i', Jf'Sr15'' and refreshment Saloon, by
Rohr .M'llcnry cor.of Main andPlnost.,vf-iH7
D
I linS; :?fA.Ua!';IjKhyB1lcl,in ftI,a Burgeon,
'.mvai,wi IW VIUUU H huiui V1I117
D
AiiYHR.,i,K"U!N9l.,,,rIonr Knd arl8 Mill, nnd
HUirf KELCIINKlt. lllacksmlti.., on Mill
. Btreet, near Pine. vl-n!7
T. IV,';RTAUDHirl"'8.l.."n ttnl Surgeon, Main
1' st,,llrst dour abovo M'Henry's Hotel. vt-n23
JAM KH B. HARMAN. Cabinet Make: and Un
" dertaker. .Main St.. below Pine, vl-nn
1 ',.'!.A!lMAN'..Sn,',,(110 nn'1 Horned maker.
0, Main st., oppsltoFramo Church. vsinll
OCliy YLER A LOW, Ironfounoers, Machinists.
O nnd Manulnctuiers of plows, Mill St. vl-ul
SAMUELSHARPLEHH.Maker of IhoHnyhurst
Uiniu Cradle. Main l. vi!u5.
WILLIAM BELONG Bhoeniakcraud manufac
turerof Brick, Mill HI., west of Pine vltuu
Catawisaa.
BP. DALLMAN, Merchant Tnllor, Second St.
. Hobblus' Building. vZ-nlr
DR. J. K. ROBBINS. Burgeon nnd Physician
Hecond St below Main. v2-nl
G
ILBERT A KLINE, dry goods, groceries, and
iiiercuunuise, .tlain Hired V2-U11;
I B. KISTLER, "Cntlawlssn Hcmso ," North
it , Corner Main nnd Second Streets. v2nls
I KEILEIt, Blllnrd Saloon, Oysters, nnd Ice
li. Cream In season Main Bt, vln 12
il
M. nitOBST. dealer In General Mcicbandltu
Dry Grinds. Urncerles AO. V2-H18
CJUSQUEHANNA or Brick Hotel. S. Kobten
k) lmuder l'liiprletor.soutb-cast comer. Main and
hecoud Street. villi 12
1). ItiNAItll. ili nl, r I.. Ul,.,, .,.! .1.. .
Main Btiiet. vl!i!lJ
w
M. li. AUIJOTT, Attorney at law. Main Bt.
Light Street.
II
F. OMAN A Cn.. 'l,nnlu rlr,i,i, n, .,
, above School House. ' vlulo
TOIIN A.OMAN, Mannfacturer nnd denier In
u Hoots and Blioes, vluia
.1 JA .?!K,SEIl Jr' D" Surgeon and riiyslclnn.
Office at Keller's Hotel, v2n27
pETKK ENT, dealer In Dry Goods Groceries,
1 1 lour, Feed, Salt. Fish. Iron. Nails. etc.. Main
btreet. vllll5
R
S. ENT. dealer In fctnvri nn.l Tl i..
all Its branches. vln 10
Espy.
15-
F. REIQHARD.A BItO.,dealcr In Dry Goods,
Gioterles, and geucial Merchandise. v2ull
flSI'Y STEAM FLOURING MILLS, C.S.Fowler,
JJ Proprietor. v2nI8
f I). WEHKHEISER, Boot and Shoo Storeaud
nianuiactory. Khop on Main Btreet op.
posllo the Steam Mill. villi
ri W. EDGAH.Bnsqnelmnna PlanlngMllI nnd
J.' Box Manufactory. v2nll
Buck Horn.
MO. A W. H. SHOEMAKER, dealers In dry
. goods, groceries and general meichandlse.
r Irst store In siulh end ot town. 2-nl8
Hotels.
T
HIE ESPY HOTEL.
ESPY. COLUMBIA COUNTY. PA.
.li ""'"S"c umu luiuriu mo iraveutng
public Hint he has taken the abovo named estab-
TIlO I.H.I.H ln.l . 1.1 i.. .1... ...
....,.,, v.. in. iiu'iuuKuiy reuueu luo same lor
the perlcct convenience or his guests. Ills larder
will bo stockid with the best the market aUords.
The choicest liquors, wines nnd clgaisalways to
lut fniitil In Iilu tfii-
, ,,., WILLIAM PETTIT.
Apr.23.C9-tf Espy, Pa.
JJIUCIC HOTEL,
ORANGEVILLE, COLUMBIA COUNTY, I'A.
ROIIR M'HENRY', I'roprielor.
iiimiiuu uiiiiwn iiuutio, uaving oecn put in
thorough repair, la now open lo tho trnelllng
public. The bur Is Mocked with tho cholccM
ikjiiuih uiiu cii:aii,iiiii me lauie miii oe, nl all
limes, supplied with the delicnclcs of the season.
Nil linlliM will lift innrMl tfl inkll, tt.u nntnfnrl ,.f
guests.
urangeviue, ticc. iu.'su-ir.
MONiOUlt HOUSE
RUPERT. PA.
WILLIAM BUTLER, Proprietor.
Thts Unuso having been put In thorough repair
Is now open lir tho i(cit!on or guests. No
pains will bo siaredlo eiisiuu the iwrfect com
lortoftlio tlavtlers. Ti.o l'mnrlelnr hnlicltj. n
Bhnro of public patiomigr. The bar will bo
stocked stall times with line llquois and cigars.
marir70.tr.
E
EN TON HOTEL.
W. P. PIATT, Proprietor,
ItLNTON, COLUMI1IA CO UNI Y, 1A.
1 Ills Wi'll llliouij HutlSrt liflvllitr litfii nut In
ttHuouyh it jmir Is now j en lor tho mention of
vlblioiH. Is u lulutt liavf l.tt-11 )ait-d to ensure
the nel'tcct cuiiitoit of miiMv. Iln nmikrlrtiir
iiIm) runt a Bliiye ftoiu 1 lie Hotel to lUfMUiiblairi;
Hinl litteriiu'Lllnte ToiniM on Tuesday, Thurhdny
aud Hatuiday of puch week. liuajO'TU-lf
Stoves and Tinware.
N
EW STOVE AND TIN SHOP.
ISAIAH IIAQKNBUCH,
Main Street one door above E. Mendenlinll's
Store.
A largo assortment of Stoves. Heaters aud
Ranges constantly on hand, and lor sale at the
lowest rates.
Tinning Inall Its branches carefullvattended to.
antl satisfaction guurnuteed.
Tin work 01 uu kiuus wnoiesaie auu retail. A
lal Is requested.
pr.9,U!)-lf
gTOVES AND TINWARE.
A. M. UUl'tllT
announces to his mends and customers that he
continues the above business at bis old place on
MAIN STREET, BLOOMSBURG.
Customers can be accomodated with
FANCY STOVES
or all kinds, Stovepipes, Tinware and every va
riety or artlclo found In a Stove and Tinware Es
tablishment in tho cities, uud on the most reason
able terms. Repairing done at the Bhortest notice.
25 DOZEN MILK-PANS
on hand for sale.
OOTS AND S1IOK8.
CLAHK M. imOWJf,
MAIN HTHEKT, UN I) Ell llUOWN'tt HOTEL,
Atulland complete assortment of ready made
boo tu and hl)Oen fur iiipii. untiifii hih! rlillilrpn
J utt received and for baleut reasonable rutin,
vurietlts to bull all dilutes of eubtomeru. The
bfht nf work uono at bhort nottcu, us heretofore,
Give him call, ajro7(Mf.
gAnaAINS-IJARQAINS.
UUJCK BALIJi ANU SMALL fltOriTS.
SAVE YOUR MONEY.
(Into
HENRY YOST.
East Bloomsburg. I'u., for all kinds or the best
home and city made
F U 11 N I T U It E .
Prices l easouable aud the best work done.
JIU'70-U
PHILOSOPHY OF MARRIAGE.
A New Course of Leciuuls, as delivered at
Hie Peuua.Pol) teebntcaud Auatomlcat Museum
1205 (histuut St., three doors abovo Twelfth,
Philadelphia, embiaclug tliu subjects! How to
Live and What lo l.tu fori Youth, Maturity
and Old Ago; Muubood (Itnerally Reviewed;
Thecauseol Indleeslloii; Flululence and nerv
ous Diseases niiounttd fur; Mairluge Plillo
sophlcully tonsldtud. These Ueiuns will be
forwurded on ixclplof '.i cents by addressliigi
Secretary of the lviiusylvanla I'olviecumo
AND ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, 18113 ClltbtUUt St.,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
Je217U-Iy,
cl'll'lUUliir
Autumn Woods,
Ero In tho Northern galo
The summer Ircsscs of tho trees aro gone,
Tho woods of autumn, nil around our vnle,
Hnve put their glory on,
Tho mountains that unfold.
In lliclr wide swecp.thecolorcd lnndscapo round,
oecius groups 01 ginni kings in purplo mid In
gold,
That guard enchanted ground,
I roam tho woods that crown
Tho upland, where the mingled splendors glow;
nero ino gay company or trees look down
On the green field below.
My sters are not alone
In these bright walks; tlio sweet south-west, at
piay,
Flics, nestling, where tho painted leaves aro
strewn
Along tho winding way.
And far In heaven, the while,
1 ho sun that scuds the gato to wander hero,
Pours out on tho fair earth his quiet smile
Tho sweetest of tho year.
Whoro now tho solemn shade
Verdure and bloom whcio ninny brances meet
So grateful when Hie noon of summer mado
Tho vnlleys sick with heat.
Let In through nil tho trees
n mo sirungo rays ; ino forest depths nro
brlglil;
Thilrmnuy colored foliage, lu tho breeze,
Twinkles llko beams of light.
Tho llvulct. Into unseen.
Where, Dickering through tho shrubs, Its waters
run,
.SI I ins with tho Image of Its golden screen,
Aud glliumcringof thosun.
But 'ncnlh yon crlmeon tree,
Lover to listening maid might brentho his flame,
-or mark, wiuiin its rcseato canopy,
Her blush or maiden shame.
Oh I Autumn, why so soon
Depart tho hues that mako tho forests glad;
Thy gentlo wind and thy fair, bunny noon,
Aud lonvo thco wild und sad 7
Ah I 'Iwcren lot too blest.
Foro er In thy colored shades to strny ;
Ami J tho kisses of the solt south-west
To roantnnd dream for nyei
And leave tho vain, low strlfo
That makes men mad tho tug for wealth and
power ;
Tho passions nnd tho cares that wither life
And wasto tho Uttlo hour.
ELECTORAL KEFOMI.
Proportional Representation by tho
Freo Vote.
Address of Hon. Charles R. Buch
ALEW, BEFORE THE SOCIAL SCIENCE
AS.S0CIATION,PlIILAr)ELritIA,TUES
day Evening, October 2.3, 1870.
Gentlemen of the Association :I de-
siro my remarks to-night to bo under
stood ns mudo in continuation of what
was paid and written by mo on former
occasions on the subject of Electoral Re
form. In u speech in this city on tho
10th of November, 18G7, in a speccli in
tho Senate on tho 11th of July of tho
saraoyear, and In tt report from tho
Scnato Couimittcoou representative ro
form, 2d of March, lSGD, I discussed
tho Freo Vote in its proposed applica
tion to Federal Elections and stated tho
general arguments in favor of its adop
tion. I do not propose to go over again
tho ground covered by thoso speeches
and by that report, but to present ad
ditional viow-, tho product of further
reflection upon this question of reform,
and to msntlou tho steps which havo
been taken In this Stato and in other
States, looking toward tho submitting
of tho plan of reformed voting to prac
tice the free vote.
Tho Freo Volo may bo applied to
elections wlienover two or moro per
sons nro to ho chosen together to tho
same offleo for tho samo term of ser
vice, and it consists in allowing tho vo
ter to distribute his votes among can
didates as ho hhall think fit, or to con
centrate them upon one. It is hero as
sumed that tho voter shall havo tho
samo number of votes ns tho niimberof
persons to bo chosen, and that tho can
didates highest in voto shall bo declared
elected.
ITS EFFECT ON SINGLE ELECTIONS.
It will bo observed that the freo voto
is Inapplicable to tho election of ttsinglo
person j it can bo applied only whero
two or moro aro to bo chosen. Rut it
will boa great mislnko to assume that
it will havo no effect upon singlo elec
tions becau-o it cannot bo applied to
them In form and directly. Duo reflec
tion and a careful examination of tho
subject will convlnco any Intelligent
man any man well acquainted with
tho practical workings of our political
system that whilo lis direct operation
must bo confined to plural elections Its
indirect effects upon slnglo ones will bo
very great, and very.salutaryalso,when-
over It shall como to ba established.
For tho advocates of tho now plan as
sert with confidence nnd upon fair
grounds of reason, that it will securo
absolutely to political parties tfielrjust
representation In nil ordinary cases of
Presidential, Congressional, Legislative
and other olectlons to which It shall bo
applied, and will therefore greatly wea
ken tho tendency toward violent and
corrupt party action In tho elections to
which It shall not apply, Tho election
of Governor in a Stato Is mainly inter
esting because of tho inllueiico which
tho result will oxert upon tho next elec
tions In the Stato for Presidential elec
tors, members of Congress nnd mem
bers of tho Legislature ; such nn elec
tion Is hotly contested, money isoxpend
od upon It and nil possiblo means to
control It brought into nctivo play, bo
cause elections which aro to follow will
bo poweiftilly lnfleuced If not deter
mined by tho Issuo of tho contest. In
liko manner and for tho samo reason
other elections of singlo oillcors aro as
bailed by ovil Influences nnd becomo
degraded and of ovll report. In my
opinion, our remedy, nnd n very effectu
al ono, will be to mako nil our Congres
sional mid Legislative elections plural
mid then apply to them and to PresI
dentlal elections tho freo voto or some
other device by which Just representa
tion of tho peoplo shall bo secured.
Then Gubernatorial nnd other single
elections will bo purified nnd improved;
they will no longer exert any consider
able, much less controlling, influence
upon Federal or Legislntlvo elections
and will not therefore Invito or provoko
thoso corrupt aud evil Influences by
which they aro now assailed'.
BLOOMSBURG, PA., FRIDAY, OCTOBER 28,
ITS OBJECTS JUST 11EPBE3ENTATI0N
AND l'URE ELECTIONS,
Two capital objects aro sought to bo
accomplished by tho freo voto conild
cred ns nn instrument of reform i I'M,
tho Just rcpresentntlon of tho peoplo in
government, nnd Second, tho purlflca
tlon of popular elections.
How to securo the proportional rcpro
ecntallou of political parties or interests
In government Is certainly n question
of hljli Importanco and wo havo reason
to rejolco that It is now receiving ear
nest nttcntion In our own country nnd
in Europe. Wo must nil ngreo that tho
majority vote ns I shnll call tho old
plan to which wo havo been nccustometl
Is both instifllcicnt and unjust In tho
caso of many elections to which It Isnn
plied, nnd that in unchecked operation
It Is positively pernicious nnd hurtful.
Observe, I nm not speaking of tho ma
jority or plurality rulo of elections
which In its proper application to re
turns Is u necessity, but of tho majority
vote, oi mat instrument of oppression
ny which government Is mado unsntls-
inctory uecatiso it Is mado unjutt. Tho
law has said to tho citizen, "You shall
distrlhuto your votes singly among
candidates although by doing so you
will loso them nil nnd stand deprived
of all voice In tho government
You and your neighbor shall ho made
to struggle constantly, each to deprivo
ino oilier of liis equitable right In tho
very attempt to maintain his own
And if you shall not choose to voto in
this exact manner nnd to grasp nt moro
than belongs to you, you shall not voto
at all; you shall stand aido disfran
chised and ignored." No wonder that
our peoile,instructed by experience and
scourged by many evils, arti beginning
to complain of tho law and to Inquire
whether thero Is not somo possiblo rem
cdy for electoral Injustice somo plan of
nmendmont by which nil tho peoplo
can have their votes counted and ob
tain by them appropriate power nnd
influence in tho government.
Yes, there are remedies for this in
Justico mid ono of them I advocato to
night; a remedy convenientof nppllca
tlon and effectual for all our purposes
of reform. Rut It is not proposed in
antagonism to other plans of reform,
nor as a finality in tho art of govern
meut. It may stand simply for what it
Is n good, useful, workable plan for
tho improvement of elections and for
securing justico to tho wholo body of
our electoral population
Tho second great object of reformed
voting tho purification of elections
Invites to a moro elaborato exposition
of an existing ovil nnd of tho remedial
character of tho now plan, than my
spaco and time will permit ; but I can
not pas3 it wholly unnoticed. Certainly
when you shall cheapen elections by
taking away tho motivoor tho main
motivo for spending money upon them,
you will purify them nlso. Thoy will
bo cleansed and elevated In character by
being mado cheap and Inexpensivo to
parties and candidates who aro now
compelled to expend monoy upon them
profusely as tho Indlspenstblo condition
of success. Now beyond all question
tho freo voto will cheapen elections.
It will tako away from parties nlmost
entirely two powerful motives which
now operato upon them agreed for un
just representation and n fear of unjust
disfranchisement by tho conjoint oper
ation of which desperato and expensive
struggles nro produced. When a party
shnll bo mado secure In Its Just repre
sentation by its own rotes it need not
buy a majority in tho corruption mark
et ns a mcasuro of necessary defence.
When It cannot by tho aid of corrupt
votes rob tho opposite party and
take to Itself more than Us Just sharo
of representative power, It will becomo
frugal in its expenditures ond honora
ble, in its conduct. Thus tho freo voto
destroys or checks corruption by taking
away tho motives which produce it,
and In this respect vindicates itself as
a most powerful instrument of moral
Improvement and progress.
THE APPLICATION 01' THE FREE VOTE.
Tho freo voto Is proposed for applica
tion to tho following elections :
1. To tho choice of Electors of Presi
dent nnd Vlco President of tho United
States.
2, To tho eliolco of members of Con
gress. 11. To tho choico of Senators and Rep
resentatives to tho legislatures of tho
sovoral States.
In Pennsylvania It should bo further
applied to tho election of tho following
officers :
1. Judges of tho Supremo Court.
2. Law Judges of nil Common Pleas
and District Courts composed of moro
than ono law judge.
3. Associate Judges of counties.
1. Aldermen nnd Justices of the
Peaco in wards, boroughs nnd town
ships. C. County Commissioners nnd County
Auditors.
C. Directors for tho Poor for counties
or for Poor districts wlienover their
election shall bo authorized.
7. Councllmen of cities nnd bor
oughs. 8. Assessors of tnxes wlienover two
nro to bo chosen, nnd Assistant Asses
sors trlcnnlally.
9. Constablos whonover two aro to bo
chosen.
10. Supervisors of roads ntul Overseers
of tho Poor In, townships.
11. Borough nnd Township Auditors.
12. Directors nnd Controllers of Com
mon Schools In nil tho School Districts
of tho Commonwealth.
Tho now plan should also bo applied
throughout tho country to stockholder
elections" for tho choico of officers of In.
corporated companies. Ono of tho
amendments to tho Illinois constitu
tion, ndopted In July last, provides,
that in all elections In that fctuto for
Directors or Managers of incorporated
companies tho freo voto shall bo allow
ed, so that stockholder minorities In
such companies may nlways bo repre
sented lu their management, and abuse
nnd wrong bo detected or prevented,
And nil corporations rcqulronud should
havo this fundamental und most salu
tary check lu their constitution.
Rut thero Is still another application
of tho freo vote, heretofore unnoticed,
which I uellovo to bo in tho highest do
grco important ; I menn Us application
to primary elections or to tho nomina
tion of candidates. In fact when re
form shall hnvo accomplished Its work
In tho legal elections and shall havo In
vlgorntcd nnd purified them, it will bo
required more than ever In tho primary
ones. For'ns all 'nominated candidates
will commonly bo elected under tho
new plan, their nomination must bo
mado upon sound principles nnd with
nil possiblo guards ngnlnst corruption
nnd abuse. But hero it is ovldent that
tho samo remedy which will Improve
tho ono class of elections can bo used to
Improvo tho other also ; In other words,
that tho freo voto can often bo applied
directly to tho nomination of candidates
nnd always to tho choico of delegntcs to
nominating bodies. GIvo It such nppli
cation freely, to tho fullest possiblo ex-
tent, and you will find that you havo
reached and mastered tho ultimate dif
ficulty In tho way of electoral reform.
CONCERNING THE USE OF FRACTION
AL VOTES THEIR UTILITY AND
CONVENIENCE.
Iii tho Bloomsburg act fractlonnl
votes nro nllowcd when three, four or
fix persons nro to bo chosen, nnd thoy
may bo allowed with ndvantago In
other eases, Most commonly they will
bo convenient and deslrablo to majori
ties rather than minorities, and thero
can bo no question that their nllowanco
will popularizo tho free voto, render Its
reformatory action moro effectual and
facilitate Us extension generally, to
popular and corporate elections. Frac
tional votes havo been used with an
proval many times In recent local elec
tions in Pennsylvania, they havo nlso
been used in national political convon
tions for tho nomination of candidates
for President and Vico President of tho
United States, nnd their uso will bo
found essential to tho smooth-working
of representative elections under tho
amended constitution of Illinois. It is
evident that when a voter hits thrco
votes and shall dosiro to bestow them
equally upon two candidates, ho must
divulo ono of his votes ; in other words,
in order to give ono voto and a half to
each of two candidates ho must break
ono of his votes into two equal frac
tious. When four persons nro to bo
chosen nnd tho majority of tho voters
shall desiro to voto for three candidates,
(giving nn equal support to each), frac
tions of one-third should bo created ;
that is, each majority voter should li
vido ono 6f his votes into thrco equal
parts, so that ho can glvo ono voto nnd
ono-thlrd to each of threo candidates.
And when six persons aro to bo chosen
nnd the voter shall desire to voto for
four, ho must, (in order to render them
an equal support), divldo two of his
votes Into four halves and glvo ono
voto and a half to each of tho four can
didates ho voles for.
Somo other numbers Involved in
elections nro less ndapted than tho num
bers three, four nnd six for tho appli
cation of fractional voting ; but many
others aro as much so, and nearly nil
admit of such application to n useful
extent. For instance, tho number flvo
admits of tho giving of two and a half
votes to each of two candidates, or ono
and one-fourth to each of four ; and tho
number nino admits of ono nnd a-half
votes to each of six candidates or two
nud one-fourth to each of four. But as
It seems necessary or highly deslrablo
on, grounds of convenience to avoid
fractions of which tho numerator ex
ceeds unity or one, wo cannot very well
divide flvo votes equally among threo
candidates, nor seven ntnong flvo, &c.
There is, however, moro than ono re
source in such cases of difficulty. Terms
of official servlco may bo nrranged with
roferenco to tho now plan of voting, or
tho hotly of electors in n Stato or dis
trict, united by party association, may
divldo themselvoj for tho purposo of
casting votes. Tako tho caso of a court
of flvo judges, chosen for ten vear
terms; Instead of electing them all
together it would bo well to electa part
of them every fifth year, say two at ono
time and three at another, and so on at
successive quinquennial elections. And
so to n court of seven judges, four might
bo chosen nt ono tlmoand threo at an
other. Again, tako tho caso of a Stato
entitled to eight members of Congress
iu which tho politlu.il miijority Is enti
tled, by Its numbers, to elect flvo. In n
party convent'on or by u Stato commit
tee it might bo easily arranged that
whilo tho groat mass or principal part
of tho majority voters or tho Stato
should voto for four candidates, (giving
two votes to each), n district containing
one-fifth of their strougth should bo
set olT or set ap.trt In which tho
voters of tho parly should glvo all
their votes to ono candidate. And so
In Pennsylvania, entitled to twenty
four members of Congress, nnd whero
political parties aro nearly equal In
strougth, either party that supposed it
self in tho majority could voto for n
thirteenth member by n District voto,
whilo tho general mass of its voters in
tho Stato would voto for twelvo. No
law would bo necessary to nuthorlzo
thoso nnd other llko arrangements; thoy
would bo mado by tho voluntary notion
of parties wlienover their expediency
becatno evident.
In fact, by tho means mcnt!oncd,and
by others, tho uso of fractional votes
can bo dispensed with altogether in our
plon of electoral reform, and wholo
votes nlono retained. But I would not
dlsponso with them in nil cases, but
would nuthorlzo them whenever tholr
utility shall bo evident and their lucon
venionco slight. At present I am pro
pared to say that I would allow frac
tional votes of oue-hnlf, ouo-thlrd, or
ono-fourth, whenever their uso shall bo
necessary to enable votors to glvo an
equal support to. tho candidates thoy
voto for under tho now plan.
Tho counting of fractions In making
up election returns Is a very simple per.
formaneo ns shown nt recent elections
In this Stato. Fractious being ulways
attached to wholo votes on tho tlckots
may oven bo disregarded In scoring
down votes upon tho tally-paper nnd
bo ndded at tho end of tho score. For
1870.
COL.
Instance, when two candidates
boon voted for as follows !
John Jones, 1 votes,
William Brown, 1 votes,
havo
tho first ticket drawn from tho box may
bo copied upon tho tally-paper, (omit
ting tho word "votes,") nnd then that
nnd succeeding tlckots marked down In
scores of flvo toward tho right accord
ing to tho common practice. To tho
sum of tho scores for a candldato fifty
per centum will bo ndded at tho end of
tho lino. Thus If 80 such tlckots havo
bcon voted, tho count for each candl
dato will bo carried out-80 plus 10 equals
120 votes. In this enso tho figures "1"
attached to a candidate's name becomo
n sign of value for tho strokes which
follow,aud may bo conveniently enclos
ed in n clrclo with a pen. If wholo
votes nlono shall bo voted on other tick
ets for tho samo candidate, they should
bo scored on a scpnrato line nbovo or
below tho other nnd bo carried out nnd
added at tho proper placo on Mio right.
THE FILLING OF VACANCIES.
Upon n careful rending of speeches
mndo by John Bright In 1807, nt Man
chester, nt Birmingham, and in tho
House of Commons, in hostility to cu
mulative voting nnd to tho limited voto
ns embodied In tho Cairns nmendmont
to tho Reform Bill, I becnino thorough
ly convinced of tho utter weakness of
all possiblo objections to minority rep
resentation (as it was then called.) A
first-class man, laboring with great ear
nestness on repeated occasions, was un
nblo to mnko good a singlo objection to
reform, nnd was compelled in tho final
debate on tho 8th of August, to plant
himself upon purely conservative
ground ontl Insist upon tho novelty of
tho proposition boforo tho House. So
far ns.1 can remember, there was but
ono point mado by him which reached
tho dignity of appearing plausible, or
which seemed to call for explanation or
reply. That wns that tho now plans
wore defcctlvo in regard to tho filling
of vacancies tlmt might happen pend
ing terms of ofllclal servlco. Supposing,
for instance, that tho scat of a member
of Parliament from n triangular Dis
trict a District of, threo members
should becomo vacant from any cause
pending his term, neither tho cumula
tive or limited vote could be applied at
n special election to tho choico of his
successor. I admit the fact in tho caso
supposed, but I deny tho objection based
upon It. That objection is wholly mis
conceived and will disappear upon be
ing submitted to examination. Mr.
Bright did not desire tho third
member for Birmingham to be taken
by tho Tories, nnd therefore opposed
reform; but his best point liko all his
others, was unworthy of his genius nnd
his fame. Party interest misled him as
it has often misled other men of equal
distinction and mental power.
Now as the question of tilling' casual
vacancies, under reformed voting, lias
nover been discussed in this country,
nor, so far as I know, been examined
abroad (unless in connection with
schemes of representation which do not
como within tho scopo of my present
discourso) I shall proceed tospeak upon
it briefly, and shall incidentally dis
pose of tho Bright objection just men
tioned. Iu the first plnco I havo to remark
that if hereafter casual vacancies shall
bo filled by popular election and by tho
mnjority vote, wo shall bo in no worse
condition than weoro now; woshali sim
ply continue, ns to such occasional clec
tions, the existing rulo. In tho next placo
It is to bo considered that whenever two
or moro vacancies shall exist at the
samo tlmo, tho freo or limited voto can
bo applied to an election held for tho
purposo of filling them. Again, it is
ovident that most vacancies that will
happen, will bo of majority members
or officers nnd that tho application of
tho majority voto to tho choico of suc
cessors will bo perfectly proper and in
complete harmony with our plan of re
form, But I will takotho comparatively
raroor unusual caso of a minority vacan
cy standing alone, or tho still rarer caso
of two or moro such vacancies (without
majority ones) oxlstlng at tho samo
time. How shall such minority vacan
cies bo flllod ? I answer, they can bo
filled and filled properly either by elec
tion or appointment, lu many if not
most cases nppolntmeiits mny bo mado
for unexpired terms, but wlienover pos
siblo In any caso an appointment should
bo mado from miiong tho voters who
shall havo voted for tho officer or person
whoso placo Is to bo filled. As an illus
trntion I will read tho provision cod
cernlng tho filling of vueaiicioj con
tained ju tho County Commissioner bill
introduced Into tho Senate of Pennsyl
vania at Its last session. After provi
ding for tho election of threo County
Commissioners and threo County Aud
itors, resppctivoly.for threo year terms,
tho fourth section provides as follows:
" Sec. 1. Vacancies in tho ofllco of
County Commissioner or County Audi
tor occurring otherwlso than by tho ex
piration of n regular term of servlco, or
occasioned or continued by n failure to
elect under this net, shall bo filled by
nppolntmeiits to bo mado by tho Courts
of Quarter Sessions of tho Peaco of tho
several counties in which such vacan
cies shall occur, which appointments
shall bo for tho remaining part or tlmo
of any unexpired term to bo filled. In
tho tilling of any such vacancy tho fol
lowing rules of selection shall bo ob
served, to wit: First, Tho appoint
ment shall bo mado from among tho
qualilled electors of tho county who
shall havo voted for tho Commissioner
or Auditor whoso placo is to bo filled,
nutl Second, Tho Judges of tho Court
by whom tho appointment Is to bo mado
shall recelvonnd consider any respect
ful petition from qualified electors of
tho county who shall havo voted for tho
Commissioner or Auditor whoso placo
Is to bo filled, and shall appoint such
m persons so recommenticu as snail, in
their opinion, bo most acceptablo to tho
greater part of tho electors by whom
tho Commissioner or Auditor whoso
placo is to bo filled wns chosen."
Tho power of nppolntment for tho
filling of vacancies may bo variously
lodged according to tho nature of tho
caso or tho character of tho ofllco to ho
filled, but no matter whero lodged it
should nlways bo exercised under n
rulo of selection similar to that con
tallied in tho bill Just cited, so that tho
just division of ofllces between parties
Biiau uo nt oil times maintained.
MKAf - . . VflT.. YYYTV . . XTn nr
J -'. i via. Liukl I - nil. .ill I
But when an appointment cannot
well bo mndo to fill n vacancy on ac
count of tho magnitude of tho office,
tho long durntion of tho unexpired
term, or becnuso it is difficult In tho
given caso to select u proper appointing
power, a popular election to All tho va
cancy may bo provided for. In such
caso I would call only upon tho voters
who had previously yotcd for tho officer
or person whoso placo is to bo filled and
would conflno tho right of choico to
them. Tho other voters of tho constit
uency or district ought not to partlcl
pato in such election for ovident reasons
and should bo oxcludod. But at this
point nn objector may say that it will
bo difficult to distinguish tho proper
voters from others nnd to confine tho
electoral prlvllcgo to them. I do not
think so. Tho party position of most
men Is fully known In their own olec
tlon districts, and in doubtful cases tho
right of challengo will guard against
Improper votes. Tho official lists of vo
ters taken down at a former election
can bo referred to for the proventlon of
fraud, and any ono ofleringto voto may
bo calloci upon to provo by his own oath-
or uy other testimony that ho voted nt
such former olection for tho officer or
person whoso placo is to bo filled. Bo
sides, as thero will bo no struggle be
tween political parties for a majority at
such elections, tho most fertllo of till
causes of fraud will bo wholly excluded
from them. In fact when there shall
bo but ono candldato atsuch an election,
(which will hi tho ordlnnry caso) thero
will bo no motivo nt nil for fraud nnd
Its oxisten:o will bo rendered Impossi
ble. But I am quite certain that when tho
freo voto or some similar plan of reform
shall como into general use, secret vot
ing will bo entirely dispensed with be
cause it will no longer be necessary to
tho protection of the voter against In
timidation nud other forms of improp
er influence. Tho ballot may remain
to us but It will bo an open one proba
bly in tho slip-ticket form-and n lnrgo
nmount of mystery, intrigue, deception
nnd meanness will bo expelled from
elections. And, by numbering tho bat
Iota when voted, or by other means
easily applied, it will bo possible to
provo afterwards beyond dispute for
whom nuy voter cast his votes. Possibly
wo may como nt last to a plan of regis
tering votes which will still moro com
pletely or conveniently enable us to
classify voters and dotermino for whom
they voted. At nil events, by dlspens
lug with tho secret voto wo shnll possess
greater facilities than now for tho prop
er polling of votes at special elections.
LOCAL USE OF REFORMED VOTING.
Tho freo voto was first used In an elec
tion at Bloomsburg, in this State, on
tho 12th of April last, when six persons
were to bo chosen members of tho town
Council for tho cnsulncr year. Tbo re
sult wns that threo Domocratsnnd threo
Republicans were elected. It was again
used in tho samo town on tho second
Tuesday of tho present month in tho
choico of Constables, Assessors, Assis
tant Assessors, School Directors and
Town Auditors. Altogether, ntthotwo
town elections, seventeen officers havo
been choson under tho new plan and
they aro all good mon and aro fairly di
vided between parties. Not one person
among the wholo six hundred voters of
tho town Is known to havo expressed
himself against tho change, or is believ
ed to be desirous of returning to the old
and unfair majority voto. In short,tho
change has been completely satisfactory
and is strongly endorsed by public
opinion.
Directors of tho Poor for tho Bloom
Poor District in Columbia county (tho
district containing ono thousand two
hundred voters) wcro also chosen at tho
October election under tho now plan
and in a sntisfactory manner. Tho ma
jority elected two nnd tho minority
ono.
In tho county of Northumberland, in
Sunbury, Northumberland nnd other
boroughs, tho new plan was also tried
nt tho recent election (principally in tho
choice of Councilmen) nud with good
and satisfactory results.
Certain advantages of tho now plan
not foreseen, or not foreseen distinctly,
appcareu in tneso local elections. In
tho first place, they showed that
tho number of candidates at an election
will bo greatly reduced by tho new plan;
that lu most cases no more persons will
run than can bo elected, becauso each
party will nomlnato only tho number
it has votes toelect. Next, it was shown
that blunders in nomination, either its
to tho number of candidates to bo sup
ported or as to Individual nominations,
could bo readily aud certainly corrected
by tho voters at tho If gal election. Al
so, that bolting (as it Is called) Is de
prived to n great extent of Its mischie
vous character, bolters being only ublo
to ropresont themselves by their own
votes when their number is adequate,
without being ablo to turn nn election
tipsldo down or prevent a Just division
of tho offices between parties. It was
also clearly shown at thoso elections
that tho preparation, polling, counting
and return of fractional Votes, lu cases
where their uso was found deslrablo,
was qulto slmplo and convenient, occa
sioning no difficulty, uncertainty or
confusion,
I'UOOBESS OF REFORM.
Tho Stato of New York a fow years
silica used tho limited voto in choosing
thirty-two delegates at largo to her
Constitutional Convention. No voter
was allowed to voto for moro than six
teen. Moro recently she choso tho six
Assoclato Judges of her highest court
on tho samo principle; no voter was
allowed to voto for moro than four. But
though theeo were steps in tho right
direction and resulted in fuller repre
sentation of tho people, It must bo ac
knowledged that tho limited voto is an
Imperfect contrivance ond not fitted for
oxtcnslvo uso. Moro wisely Instructed
tho Statu of Illinois tho present year
has adopted tho freo voto, not only for
tho election of directors or managers of
Incorporated companies, as before men
Honed, but also for tho election of Rep.
rcsentatlves In her Legislature They
will bo chosen biennially, commencing
with tho year 1872, threo being elected
HATES OF ADVERTISING.
One qnre,(ten lines orlt equivalent In Non
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Two squares...,.,,,, 3,50
Three squares 6,00
Four squares 7 00
Quarter column,, 10,00
Ilalfcolnmn .16,00
One column.30,00
2K, 8V,
13,00 JI.00
5,00 7,00
7,00 9,00
D,00 11,00
12,00 11,00
18,00 2000
30,00 10,00
CM. It
ig,oo fio.et
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Executor's or Administrator's Notice, ;IS.Sl
Auditor's or, Assignee's Notice, 12.50.
Local notices, twenty cents aline; by the rem
ten cents.
Cards In tlie"Buslness Directory" column, tt.W
per year for tho first two lines, and 11.00 for e ,
additional line.
together from ench senatorial district.
In thlsStnto, In August last, n respect
able convention In favor of minority
representation was held nt Reading. It
adopted proper resolutions and organ
ized committees for future work. Tho
men concerned in that convention and
tho friends of reform generally In this
State, look forward to n Constitutional
Convention 03 tho means for securing
tho main objects they havo In viow.
And thoy particularly desiro that tho
members of such convention, if one
should bo called, shall bo elected upon
n plan of reformed voting, so that the
whole peoplo shall bo represented In
tho convention.
Without a convention, however, much
can bo done. Tho Leglslatu re has com
pleto power over municipal elections
aud can reform them at pleasure, aud
It can also largely Improve tho repre
sentation of the peoplo in tho Legisla
ture Itself.
In conclusion I will say to all friends
of reform, bo confident und hopeful of
tho future. It Is well for us "to labor
and to wait." Oreat changes nro best
mado when made deliberately and with
due caution ; not In passionate heat but
upon coolconvlctlon. Electoral reforms
may come slowly, but they aro suro to
come, for their necessity grows every
year moro ovident.
Note: Tho fourth section of the
Bloomsburg act, (approved 4th March,
1870), under or in conformity to which
tho several local olectlons in Pennsyl
vanla referred to in the foregoing ad
dress, were held, Is as follows :
Sec. 4. To the end that the electors
of Bloomsburg maycxerciso theirright
of sull'rago freely nnd without undue
constraint, ami may obtain for them
selves c&mpleto representation in their
local government, tho plan or the free
voto shall bo lawfiil nnd is hereby au
thorized in tho elections for officers of
said town and for all officers to bo cho
sen by them exclusively. In any caso
where more persons than ono aro to bo
chosen In said town to tho samo office,
for tho samo time or term of service,
each voter duly qualified shall bo enti
tled to as many votes ns tho number of
persons to bo so chosen nnd may poll
his votes ns follows, to wit :
First, When two persons nro to be
chosen ho may give ono voto to each of
two candidates, or two votes to one.
Second, When threo persons aro to
bo choson he may glvo ono voto to each
of three candidates, two votes to one
candldato and ono to nnother, ono vote
and a half to each of two candidates or
threo votes to one.
Third, When four persons aro to bo
chosen ho may glvo ono voto to each of
four candidates, one voto nnd ono-thlrd
to each of three, two votes to each of
two, or four votes to ono.
Fourth, Whon six persons are to bo
chosen he may glvo ono voto to each of
six candidates, ono voto nnd a half to
each of four, two votes to each of three,
three votes to each of two, or six votes
to one.
In every caso tho candidates highest
In voto shall be declared elected. When
over a voter shall Intnmi tn nlvn mnwi
votes than ono, or to give a fraction of a
vpto to any candidate, ho shall express
his Intention distinctly nnd clearly up
on tho faco of his ballot, otherwlso but
one vote shall bo counted and allowed
to such candidate. This section shall
apply to tho choico of school directors
and of all officers to bo choson exclu
sively by tho electors of said town
whenever Its application shall be possi
blo. Advertising AgcncicN.
Ono of the most reliable establish
ments of this character, that of John
Hooper 4 Co., of New York, whose
name has loug been tho synonym for
Integrity aud financial responsibility,
has Just been merged with tho younger
but not less favorably known house of
G. P. Rowell & Co. Tho success or the
last named firm has been something
unparalled in tho history of tho busi
ness. Wo lately heard of nn nnecdoto relat
ed of a traveling representative of a
well-known patent medicine firm wh'i
was endeavoring to contract with tho
publishers of a leading AVestern naner.
"lain impressed" said he, "with your
establishment ; it reminds mo of that
of a. P. Rowell & Co., of Now York,
with only this distinction, you ask a
great deal of money for a little ndver
Using, nnd thoy give a great deil of
advertising for a little money."
This Is tho impression that many ob
tain and not without justico, for al
though Messrs Rowell & Co , havo nov
er claimed to bo ablo to insert itdvortls.
monts in Newspapers nt lower prices
than tho publishers would accept from
equally responsible advertisers who
furnish u similar amount of patronage,
yet In this last clause lies much of their
success. For eomo years they have
been tho largest customers of most of
tho newspapers published in tliu United
States.
Their American Nowspaper Director
which Is conceded by nil peisons compe
tent to pass Judgment upon such a
work, to bo tho most complete volumo
of Its character over issued in this or
any other country, may bo found on
tho shelves of every prominent ndver
User. This firm has for somo years been
conceded to bo tho leading establish
ment of its kind in America. And tho
absorption of J. Hooper & Co., ouo of
tho fow others which could with justico
bo called their rival, places them In n
position far in advaneo of all competit
ors.
Moro than flvo thousand American
Periodicals nro recolved regularly and
kept on lllo nt their offices which aro
locatcl In tho Now York TimesfBuild.
Ing, Nos. 10 & 41 Park Row.uiul wo aro
informed that their corps of assistants
out-number tho combined forco of any
four similar establishments now In ex
istence Our patrons can always bo suro of
fludiug a Aloof our papers open to their
free inspection at the ofllco of Messrs.
Rowell k Co., whenever they happen
to bo In Now York and want to read
tho news from homo.
In a certain down-east town Is living
a fellow who is humility personified.
The other day ho osked a young lady
If ho might "bo allowed tho privilege
of going home with her," and was in
dignantly refused; whereupon ho In
quired very humbly If he might "bo
allowed to sit on tho fence and see her
go by."