lie
f?, :Hw'f 1ff
I
VOL. 2 NO. '
ijloo.msiiuho iiikkctoky.
STOVES AND TINWARE.
lAf'Oll .MI'.TZ, itrnlorln i.Iomka Ilium re, Main
f M.( tioin e' e'oui i nuii-f,
M. Ill'I'llltr,
. Iilmk, Mulimi,
sloven mul lluwiiti1
, MI-.I nf.MarkiM.
Klllx-rl
M-nll
nl'.V. A. 1IAIIT.MAN, Ml(irn, '1 Inwiiro of nil
liliuli, Mp.iutliiix i ic, rirst cli.ro mi We st on. I
in noum .miiiu nre-ei, :
C'LOTHINQ, AC.
I.f)V!;.VIli:itCl,mcrohnnttnllorf MnlnM., 2.
r Ai iir im tii'iir tvt t i .-n.i.-t
1,1 t III..-UII.IH.I.', 1 lUMIPItll'llllH I't'lllll (if III
cr In I'loihiiitf.t'lc: llartinnn'fi tmuaiiiir. Mntn
Htrtcl. M'liU
DUU09, CHEMICALS, AC.
I X. MOVIIIl. iliituaut nmt ni'olliccurv. lit
U vIluiko Muck Main tt. buli
.i 1. J.UTZ, ilruifiilst nint njiotbicary, Kuprrt
j, blotl:, Main Rl., west of Abu kit, vbnll
CLOCKS, avatchks. AC.
r ntrm nr.tivir imi ..nt,.ii n,.i tnAi .ni.n.
11 iionr southeast corner Mntn mid IroiiMs.u.nli
n V., KAVAHi:, itcnlor In clocks, u-ntclici nn
1
j, juweiry, Jim ii hi
, nearly
nppstto .American
tiuu-i.', "Willi
1) CATIlL'Altr,w;iUliaiHlrlinlc inoker, itnrkct
HOOTS AND SIIOKS.
C. M. HKtVN boot mill sliocinaker.Mnln fitted
f, oppiMttii Court House. vMil
VS(rxi:i)i:it,mnnur.iclurornnltlonK'rlnbo(itH
ntul Khocs.MjiliiKt., oi)irt)slto Knisconitt dumb
M-till
HI.Mt kMWM, ninnuf.irtuur mul dealer In
boots nnd shocn, kidcciIcs iti, Ila-st Illoomn
ImrgMiilnM, Mill
1AVI1) W'.TZ. tioot mul klinnmnlrrr. Mnln t.1
17 IkIow lliutiimn"8hluu( wt'sLof.MiiikutKtrtt'l,
vUntl
IMIOKKSSIONAIj.
It. r, VAN'S, M. 1. hiirffoon nml i1iyskian south
I hMu Main t below
1 It. II. I . Ktniiry hiirtrt
, ICtnnc;
Mirccon dent lit, tcclh extract
17 t il without jmln. Main hI
Uplscoiml Churih,
nearly oppnHn
1 It. M'KIIIjVV. M. 1). nurKpnn nml iihyfilclan
(J mjuIIirUIo Muhi st.t below Market. vIniJ
T IlUTTIUt, M. P. surgeon nml 1'liynlelnn.
niriiiii,
vl-mi
1J .MHIlkfl ft I,, HlJt-JVU iUlllll,
DU. H. C. HOWKlt, surgeon dentist, Main Rt
ui)u 0 com t house. vl-n I
r It. ItOMIhON'. Attorne-
at.Ijuv.onicu Hart-
1 . man's bulMIng, Main street.
V--I1--U
UIjrilKKHY & FANCY GOODS.
MISS MZ7.li; IIAUKMA', mllllnor, Itnmwy
bulkilng.Malnst. lnll
MISS A. D. Wntllt, fancy koo(I. notions hooks
htatlonery, north hklo Main street hctow Mar
Ut. vlnl.t
1 l'KTKUMAN, inllllnery mul fancy gooils op.
IV poslto episcopal clmrch, Mahiht. vlin
MUM. JIJMA A. A HA 1)11 IAUKM',yT ladles
cloaksmid dress patlenw, honlheasteoiiur
. Lin ami westht, vl-nll
MISS M. I)i:miICJCKON( tnlltlnpry and fancy
Kuodi MiiliiKt.,opposlto Court House, vl-nll
1 Its. M, it. rUllMAN', intluncr.MHlu st., bcW
111 I lai I man's More, wust or Maikct Kt. m. 11
rillll! MIHi;s IIAItMAN millinery and fancy
I KoodsMalll hlreetjut below Alueilean hoilM.
vl-nll
HOTELS AND SALOONS.
Tl.KACOCIoyatorand iatln whIimui, AiihtI
can Iloiihc, Main si., llalUer Lcutoek Mipciln.
ti'iithnt. l-nl
lril).lYi:il ib JACOIIV, eonreilloniy, bakery,
M and oyster haloon, wholrdalu and letull, tlx
cliaiiKi block, Main hi. lu!J
POX A WIIIHI, con feci lonery, bakery, mid oys
r tcr saloon, uholesalo and letall, Mahiht., jut
helow Inili. blilj
nXUIIANdi: HOTIIU by Koonflitt'lark, Main
itt., npposltu eouit hotiso. ln 1 1
iMintlt'AN' IIOtTHi:, by JoitN I.KAiticK, Main
A M., west of lion htieet. vl-nll
rKHtlCS HOTllL, by U.W, Mauui.k, oast end nf
1 MaluM. vl-iiU
I) HTOHNKIt, retichiucnt saloon, Main t-t.Jilst
I), abooctmithou-e. vl-nM
KOON'S & VUMXKt
change hotel.
saloon, K-i-
r If. (IIM.MOIti:, leficshmont t-ulooti, HhloN
)) bloeUKouthhldoMalUHt, vl-nll
rEUCITANTS AND OltOCHHS.
l.i.TAf'OHS, Con feet lonory. neil
ii bt.,aboe Coin I Houo,
vlles
Main
vl-nW
II.MIM.Mt, dMler in dry Kods Kioceiles
i) oueenswaie, Hour, salt, shoes iiotlous to,
lchatiu hluek, MalustUet, vl-nll
ll'Ki:fAY N'I'AI A Co , dcaleiK In diy Koods
ill uroceiles, Hour, h'i'd. salt. Ilsh, Iron, nalH,
i ic, 1101 the ast lorner Main ntul Maiki t st, 1-ull
HC. UOWKIt, lints nud caps botds ntul shoes.
Main M., nbou iouil house, vl-nll
CI C, MAUIt, dry troods and notions, southwest
f, eoiuer Main and Jrou bU. 1-ull
I J. llllOWIMt. dry Roods Riocerlcs, tcnotlh
eJ, west corner Main and J1011 sts. l-nll
IiV. A. ITAUTMAN, dry goods notions niui
II gteieeiles, Main st., opjioslto Cturel's rurnl
tuiu ltoojiis, Yl-nlJ
Tf n.m;NHMi:it(Ji:u.(aL;ent.)KrocciIcs,tobnc-
co, and contct llonary, Main st., opposlta
Kplscopal Chinch.
1MII
D.V. lllX'K I.KY, Keystoueshou store, books mid
.stationery, bouthucht ceuner Market nnd
Main stu. vl-uU
UUM.IAM IMtAHMUK
confectioneries, Main
l st.,Justnbootoiirthousc,
IT Ml.M)I.MIAMi,Kcnernlslock of iuerehau
I J, illsotuul InutbcT, umier of Main btuetand
Jiu'wlck mad. vl-nll
T J. 110I1I1INH, denier In diy tenuis (,'vcerics clc,
tt hhU u'h block, Main St., below 1 1011 vl-nll
1 K, (UUTON", (liwerlcH A i'io Ulons, nouth
tleasl coiner Main and lion Htieets, 1-ull
0V HNYDIIIt, hardware, cutlery, tuns ttc,
, Main lit., below Jion, vl-nll
1 .1. HLOAN, ilcnlorln cliolroilrycooiN. Nnm(v
ft,
ht., tiiiptiiiltu cuurt )iolue.
.Main
Mlil.J
I K. TA'lMt, croccrlcK nml gt-ncial liuulmmllso
i) .Main t.!., iiboo Wtkl. M-nll
T. HllAltl'I.KSS, ilry koth!.. uriKclits,
I100U.
I J. Miocg, tU'
.Maikct.
Q ntAJIDU A A. i:. IAYlirithT.lCMlualll
0. (JllltClllH. CtlllUttlOlU liCK ilUlt XllUullH,
htiJttuwil.hijlHllKhlL', two Lluolri libitt JIiobbt'M
vnifoniniiKL'r fcliop, 2-nl8.
SOKMjANKO us.
GV. COHlir.I., furiilturo rnnms, tlirco klnry
, Illicit un .Mahiht., west nr .Mari:ct H, vl-nil
1,1 J.TItOltNTON'.wnll rniwr. wlmlaw (.luiclin,
J'j, una lIxtuii'K. Uiii'cit litoc-k, Main bt, 1-ulJ
nltOSr.XHTOCK, (.liotoginplirr, lixilinnpi
, Mode, lultibl,. npiiosUucoutllioubc. lml
I P. IIUOAD'r. lihnU.Binplicr, Hnitintm'a lmlliT.
1) lumjiihcui.tcuni('r.Mamiiiiil.Mail;ctkt. 1-nll
11 .1. llllll, K.MAN'
AkciiI Slunkon's foppfr Tu
IV uular X.liflilnlnuUiicl,
. 1 1 tit
1 II. rUllsi:i,I muMIo, tiunli find lmnicus
fj litaUcr. Main .1., U'luw couu. Itutifcc. lnia
n l'OSTllH, Ohio -Malicr.anJ Wlillunml Imiry
J, Taunir.HcoUuwn, vl-n(7
nl.OOMhllUIKI J.UMlllIlt CO.. liinmilarttllcr
aiKl tlralcrii In J,umlicrtfif all hliulis plaining
milt near Uio ialliuiut. vl-uitl
r J, IIIIU.I'.MAN, Kailillo nml liiirnfM liinUiT,
1) , near huutliut'fctioiner Main mid MaiUcthl.
vl-nll
i WITMAN. niarlili' wml;H, mar nailliwcsl
i, imurr Main ami MaiKcl bl. 1-nM
RlI.llINClI.llll.iHnlir In iilnnni, nii)0li ami
, )iul(nUoii,alU. W.ruriU'nliirnltiiH'inoniH
l-niJ
111 II. MAHTI'.llH, iiRHit for (liovrrA llnkcr'a
J , hvwlniiinuililno, Muln t.1., llaitlauii'n 1-ull. I
11K. up wtahH. vl-nM
W. llolllllNH.Iliiunr dealer uproml ilnar front
I'.
, iiDitliwcktc-nuHi' Main nml linnktu. i-nU
tir 1!
l'UACOCIC. Notary 1'ubllc, mirlliiasl romc r
t Main ami Market M, vl-nll
1( UN A.l'l'KKTO.N'.innlnnlnnilinkliralos flra
.1 hikuranee eompany.iioUlienbtctirncr.Miilnaiul
Webtbt, yl-nll
nl'.OIltlli IIASSIIUT, niamifaduier ancliipalr.
U er oriluikliliiK iiiaililiii, I lienil'iilln't alliy,
mar.HliariiUbs lonmliy. lnll
I H. KI'IIN, iltnler In meat tallow, itc., ( li m
1 licriln'b alley, lutci cit Anieilean licaihc, 1 ml
OAMl'lU. JAfOIIV, MaiMo nml lliuwiiHtono
O Win Un, 1'm.l llnoinblHni:,lliil(lilnil, vl tH7
OKAXHKVILLE DIUKOTOllV.
I) Main Ht.i next iliinrlo'lJiKHl'H Hotel. W-ltlj
t. i c c itrit-r i....l.t ....
flltlCK lln'rl:!, niui lefrcitliliienl ftnloon. Iiv
Danil, I'.verett, ror, nrMiilnnlnl I'lnekt.Mni;
CJWAN" IIOTl.t,. Hie upper Imtw liyjoliu Mnv
O tier, Main btnliuM flue. VI-HI7
DIC. HLOAN, ilealer In lry uoml, cruet rlr,
, lumlier nml gtucral Meriliamltko .latn fl.
vl-1117
pnolldi: t.A7.Altt-H,a.l,lln and liarncii maker
u .tinui fti.. nixive 1110 n 11 uoici. vi-1117
r ll.HMl l ll, iii imifai lurer of tin ware nml
It, ilealer In btoeiili. Main aliovn '.lio
nwnii j unci, VI
I A i'.. Y. I.'IU.II.MAN. .M.'lehnnl lnll,.r ni.,1
Jl, tlenl'-i tunil-liliiuKiKiil", .Main Ml., next door
uiu uiivK iiiiivi. Yflllf
M H. IIAYIH'IIST, I'lm Its, Vntelie, an.Kluiis
in. " 1'ioieii. uiuiHiimi lueueH lor Mile, jiain
ii., ociow 'ine. t-nr
I A MIX II. IIAItMAX. Cnbilia Maker, ali.l Un
t) ilerlaker. Main M below l'lnc. vl-ui7
lllnlAHI.C. Ki:l.I,l:l!, Confectionery, Ovuiern
ill A.e.,onl,luowt.) between Main and Mill.
Vl-1117
IT II. .IC. KKM'ltXr.lt. lllaeksiilltb". on Mill
II, Hlreel, near 1'lne. M-nl7
Uril,I,IAMI)i:t.()N(l,fliocmakcrnml lunniifno
li turirof llilck, MlIlHUwctori'lno vlnl')
11
Mill, nml
vl-1117
li Uealer In gr.Hu, Mill Hlreet,
I IIWIS II. M'lliTYI.TlI!, Iron founder, Maeldn.
J J i-t , iukI .M.iliur.iellller of plow, Mill M.vl-lll7
M I MM A. WILLIAMS A- C'.iTalinernnd Mnn
ill lirneliuers ofKnllier, Mill Hlreet. vl-lllT
IOIIN Ki:t.Li:il, Hoot and Hhoelnnker, 1'lno
I Hlreel, opposite tlioAeadtliiy V1-M7
1 II. Ili:i:l!IN(l.t liltllllTMt.riirpTlilersnml
I. llulld.ls.MalnHtlecl, below l'lne. M-HI7
SAMtJi;!. HllAltl'Ll:, Maker of lliolIajhurt
Uialn L'mclle. .Main Ht. N'.'lij.
M. 1IAUMAN, tinddlo nnd liarnesn maker
I. Orangev Die, opposlto rrainoclmreli. vl-nll
(JATAWISSA DIKKCTOKY.
:ilANN or Hrlekntcl.H.Kot bander
uronrletor. south-cast corner Main nnd Kerond
Sllect, -I-lilU
T H. CltHAKY. ilrv L-ood
irrocorles iindweu-
J , einl Merchnndlse, Mnlu Hlreet,
S.
I. IlIN'AllI), dealt r In stoves ntul tln-wato,
A'M. ir. AlUlinT.nltorncy nt l.iw.MalnSlitt t.
M V2-UU
Lt Koneral merchandUe, ilaln Street. v2-nl-'
rilt.iirnT iri.Tvi .iM.imn.iu Iri.u.,.i-inj n.i
KKIMHC, billiard saloon, oysters
1 cream In season Main Htuet,
ami lei-J-nlJ
HA M.MAX. Merchant Tailor. Second St..
1). UobbhiV UuUdlntf. vMib.
DU..T. K. noilIlINS, SuiKoou nnd riiysiclan,
Second Ht below Main. vU-nls
1 11. IvlSTM:it,"Cattawlsallouse,"N'orthVost
, Citiner Main nnd Second StieeH. J-ntS.
M.
M. UUOIWT, dealer In (lencral Mm-handlc,
Dry ejoods, Ciroecrlcs Ac, v--nls
LIGHT STRKUT DIKMCTOKV.
)i:Ti:U KNT, dealer In dry Kood,
. Hour. fetd. sail. Hsh. lion. nail.
KioceileM,
strtel.
vl-nij
lTnilerlakcr
Ti:UWIM.Uli:it( Cabluelmaker,
and CI1.1I1 maker,
JOKl'H W'AI.TlUt IllaekMulth, opposlbnt
oillce. l-nlU.
HP. OMAN
abo u slIkioI
jjns. 1:. ki.ini
V Co., Wlieelwiib'bts
il bouto.
(It. si door
inllllnerv and l.iucv ihhmI-i.
l-nt.J
SVNIvKY. dealer in Leather. Illdi v. Itark
cle. Cash itald for illdts. J -1 1 iu
'M. M.IINT, denier In stoves and tin waio In
mi us uraucucs. vi-uiu
JOHN A.OMAN", nianufaelurer anddtnlcr In
boots and shoes. vl-nlil
KSPY DIKKCTOKY.
l.rSl'YSTKAM 1'I.Ol'ltlNliMIl.US, C. S. I'owler,
lj rropiielor. I.'nll
) 1 lli:i(IIIAItl), AltltO.,dcaleis ludryuoods
, ioeeiks and ti ncral inciehandlsf, I'.'ntl
1. CAMiWKMj, deahv in diy oods roeer
les, fiuecnu.ue, hanhvarc, 1Kb, salt, nails,
'., Ue., l.,ull
VY. in 1(1 Alt, Sltsrim li.iini.i ri.inlu
llox Manul.ielor.
Mill nnd
vlJull
JKHSUYTOM'N HIltKCTOIlY.
I NllllllW MAlllSO.V, di uler In dry goods, bio
! eel les, grain, lumber ele .leiseyiown. 1-nlil
"l.M-lUt A,SWl-.lli:ll, dealer In Hides, Ltalher
I..UU lie. Madison tow'islilii roinmiil.'i eouiny
l. 1-n fa
OA IT. HAMri:i. ni.MllY, Madison Hotel, Dm-
ers ami hll.lllgelb Ultel tallied, -11 1
MX'KMOKX DIKKCTOKY.
M, AW. IT. SllOKMAKIIlt, dealers In ilry
oods, (irocetles nnd Kfiieial iiiciehaudii.
ii'M sioio in hoimi end 01 town. v.-nis
JACOH A WM.1IAUHIS, dealers In dry Hoods
Kioeerles, dius nnd inedlclms. I'll it sbuulu
noi (h end ot town, Ml-nts
HOTELS AX!) SALOON'S.
XClIAXCiK IIOTKIj,
lll.OOM.SIlUIUl.tOLU.MllIA I'll., IU.
Tho Ulideiklinieil bnvlm. oiiii'lwneil lliU,ll.
known and ecutrally-loeated house, ho Hit lianu
Hotel, kltuato on MAI.VHTHi:i:i', III lllooiiikbllig
Inuiitdlati'ly opposite tliuColiiuilil.ieoiiiily t'oiul
uuuse, iikpcLiiiuiy iiuoini meir lueluls ami Uio
piiblie In general that thclrliousoinow in naii r
jor tho leei pi Ion mule ntutaluuHiit of 1 1 livelier,
who may lio disposed lol.ivor Itwlih their us
tom. 'JlKyhnvob-pauituoexpenselu prepailng
the I'xehatmefur thee uUrtalnuicutol I heir guests
lieitlur bhall thero be anything Mauling on their
so i in in in is iei- to men perkoiiiu eoniiot . 1 uey
louso I, spacious'. and enlos an exiillrtil bust.
lies, loeatlun,
ouinlbuse, run ntnll time, bitueen tho i:x
(hango Hotel nml thuvnilou, lallioad deiMits, by
wbleh truvellern ill bo iilensniit le ..ii.,.,.,t o
ami fiolu tho rebpeetlo blatlotiM In duo limn to
liieei llioeill-lf. KUU.NH .V I I AHI.
liioolilklilltg, Apllia, i.stj,.
OIUC'S llOTKIi,"
iinomin w. .mau(h:u, l'lopiutor.
'i'ho above well.knowii hotel has leeentlv under
gone i ad'eal ehanges In It, lute rual anangementH.
and II, priiplletornuuouiifeH totil, rorineriustoni
and tho travelling publlu that hi, neenniodatlon,
ior inoeomiorLoi uu gitekiHiirokceomi in none 111
tho etmntry. HI, table will alway, bo lonnd klip,
piled, ma only with bubstalitlal lirnd, but with all
tho delleaclesof llio beakon. HI, wln(, and li
quor (exeept thai popular hoienuco known n
'.leAHiv'.puu luwddllect I10111 tho lmsrtfng
housek.nio tutliilv puie.nnd li-eo tioin all put.
honou, drugs. He Is lliauklul lorn libi ml pat 1011-
ngo 111 lllu ptisl, and Will eonliuuc lo ilesel've it ill
till) Inline-. (II.OIKJI: W. M.M'UI'K.
7XCUAXOK SALOON,
'lilt: I'roprletor of tho l:.i halite Saloon ha, nun
on hand u largo block of
hu.mmi:h ii:riii'HH.Mi:xTH,
eoiibhtlng of
Hl'lt'Hl OibTI US, HAIUIIMW, TIlIM. )tol,OI,N.V!
hittKi-iuNfii'i:, noii.t n kos, kwkitkfii rm-t.nr,
I OMi; ONI:, t llMli ALL ANll sin:, -sa
I.AWHON OALMAN.
MipillnlemUnl.
Illooiiikbiug, .May a, I8C7.
MIK ICSl'V HOTH!.,
IM'Y, IDI.UMIIIA (.nr.vi'Y, r..
Tlliisnbkcilber lemieitfullv Infui mo liU fileiuN
and thi publlo, that fie lin, lal.-ui I ho abne wc II
uowu iici-M 01 i 1111 iiaiiiiiiiiii, ami win no
leilkdl to lMl'Kii Hie fllkliiln ol all ului ulll
aMirliliuwanneall.
111: wn.i. Ki;i:i' a (loon TAiu.i:,
liar well ktoeked Willi Mm list of I.lituoiii. nml
a I i.l of I.lnuou, 1
o 11 lull r . lithe ka
very 1 Hurt Will be made to u mil r tntlie miIIm-
faetlmi,
II. llll.lTKIIU'll,
i.py
I'll., April , 1W7.
HICK
HOTlMi,
uitAN'ai;vii.Lr., iolumiiia i'ouktv, I'A.
i:iiwaiui i:vi:ui;tt, riiDiutniTon.
II. ivtng taken nossi -ion of (hi, well. known
lw niui- it linitf Lent bv KniniH I 1 elt tt. thul-rii.
Pili torluigpiitlu it permam in iipalrniidlurnlbh.
(d HAlt AKll l.AllId 11 Willi tin c IkiIi . ht ll.HK.iu
ami neuebt delhaeliii, lllablable la not exieli,
ill inoeouuiyi nun mi paun ian m pfnieu in
iK-foniuieJali-em ( (npu'llj
THE COLUMBIAN,
A IJomoi-rulic NowHii;ipor
1, l uiii.Himn i.vkiiy linti.vy jionxixii at
Ill.OO.IISIIl'ltd, l'U.V.VA.
'l'linpllnelplesof this pa ier aloof tlioJellemoii
Ian Seliool of jiolltlrx. Thoso prlnclpleH will never
be couipromUed, yet eourteny nnd klndncH, lall
not bo forgotten In dlsetHslng llicnt, w hellier w 1th
Individual., or with eontemporarleH of the Vrve
The unity, linpplnes,nnd properlly of thoromv
IrylHournlm nnd objeetj nnd a, the menu, to
Heeuruthat, ie shall labor honestly and earnestly
for tlio harmony, Kucccsi and loutlHif our organ-
ballon,
Tkums ur SL'isscuii'i ionj Two dollar, a jear
If paid In advanrc. If not paid In advance, two
dollar, nnd llfty eents w 111 bo Inv nrlnhly clinreeil.
Tl.llM, ofAlivi:ilTl,lsu!-Oiieiiqlinie(lenliiie,
orle,K)ounor three Inseillon, JI.W; cneh suhsc
rjtlent Inselllon .il eents.
m-t ::.
lv.
fift)
n,ii
.",,(
-11.
5l
7,W
C,00
1J.W
11,10
CM. lv
f n.iH) $10,00
tW 11,00
12,00 18,00
1 !,' '.D,00
Jn.no sn.ix)
so.no 10,1111
Onesipiate. . ,
!i,ii
n,)
S,ll
1D,I
1j,W
Twowiuales
Threo kquaus...
1 OUr Kqu.lle,....,
Half eoliimn ,
1 11,10
lli,'J
, li,()0
Olio eoluinu
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nitot'KWAY & vimv.v.,
"(hlumiUin fylec,"
Ili.oowsni'nn, l'..
'ilnledal Uoblson's I'.tilldlngs, nenr tho Couit
House, by
c. sr. vami:iisi.ici:.
BUSINESS CARDS.
Ol!
rillNTINO
J
Neatly executisl at this oilier.
jr. l.'VKlJ.K,
ATTO 11 N IIY-A T 1 1 A W,
Akhtaud, Sehuj Iklll ('outit.i, P. nn'.i.
M. THAIKill,
A TTO It:.- II Y-A T I, A W,
lluwltk, Columbit t'litnily, Penn'ii.
VniiljIAM II. AlillOTT,
A T I'llllXi; Y-AT-I.A W
C'ATAWI.s-lA, TA.
ai roiix i:v at law,
llllliewllh K. II. Llllli-. Ill Mill: building ad
joining 1'o-t Olllee, ).') I'.inuitlcs, llaek-Pav and
l-iuslniis colli did. sep'Jij U7,
j()ii.v (i.7rnirm:,
A T T ) I! .V i: Y - A T -1, A W,
Olllee 111 lleglsler and Iteeordei's olllee, In the
basement ! tho Com t House, llloomsbiug, Pa,
jSoiuTiiT 1'77miTk7
A T T O IV X r. Y - A T I. A W
Olllee 1-01 tier of Main and Matket stlecls, over
1'llkt Xalloual Haul;, Itlooiusbnrg, Pa.
ATTO l!S I! Y-A T-LA W,
Olllee on Main street, In bilek building below llio
t'outt House, llloomsburg, l'.i,
Q 15. llltOt'KWAY,
ATTOItXHY AT LAW,
r.r.oo.Msui'ito, ta.
A'B-OPl-iri Court House Alley, below Hie fb
Ittiiibltm Olllee. .Iaul'i7.
L
OUIS DKItNIIAUD
V'oilld llit'mtii llm .III, lis nf ll,ii.i,ivl.ii,. n.t
vlelnlly Hint ho I, now pnpaied liiilonll khidsni
plating, bllver orgoht. l).el.i,i.7.
j U 0 T 1 O X K v. n .
JIOHHS COITMAX,
llllVlm-lulloL-eil thn ,.r,r.-ssl..ii rPnl.lIn V,-,i,!n,
t rier lor iiuiny yeais, wmtUl lnliniil his uliiids
Hint lies In Hill lu llio llolel, ii'ady nnd willing to
intend loall tho duties of Ids calling. IVisnii,
deslilng hi, service, should lull or mile 10 liiai
at llloomsburg, l-.i, lmius'1,7.
y)it. v. ir. JHiADi.r.v,
(Lnlo AM.M1111I Mldli'ill Ulleetor (f.H. Ann.v,)
l'HVHItlJAN AND Hllltd IKIX,
flu Olllee at tboliou-o nniHibltiihllD.-'s llles'k,
llloolilkliurg, J'.l.
Call, proniplly alleuded bibolh nlglil and day.
Illoonibburg, Jan, H, SI7,
j n. i'uasnij,
HAItXUSH, HADDI.i; ANll Tltl'NK
MANUl'AOTIIItKlt,
nml de-ater lu
CAl'.I'iri'-llAHS, VALlHli, 1 LV-.S'LIV,
)IL'ti'A!.ei Uolll.S, llOUSK-llt..NKl.l, .le'.,
which ho feel, eoulldent ho can sell 111 lower
rule 1 11111 nnv other 1,1'tkim In llm .nnniii'. i:c-
auillie tor yourse leh,
Mhop Hut door below Iho 1'nst olllco Mala
Klieel, lllooiiikbllig, Pa,
, IU, (HI,,
r.vsn loNAUhi;
sirAvrxn, iiAin outtinu
AKll
HHAMTOOIXa HA I.CON,
(er WJtlniujcT A Jacoby's Ico Crtniu Sahn-ii,
JIl.ODMHIlUItO, I'A,
Hair Iiyclnu nnd Whbkou colored hUu k or
brown, II air Tonlo tiuUt-tioy dniidnill'midl'eau
lllyliitf tbi'halri nlll hkIoui hair to Its oilulual
eolor without Htlllnt; tho Illicit labile, toiiMaiitly
tm bund, (npiU'itf.
Q jfN T J H T H Y .
II. C JltiWMt. bi;.NTlhT(
ltihpirtiuily od'ers his piofokslonal kcrvices h
the l.idit's mid w ntlcmcii ot Itlooiiubutcaiid I
elnity. lie Is pi epaivd to alt t ud to nil thu ail
laisopi intUms lu tin Uuooi his iirofi'Sslon, nnd
Is pioWded with Hi" lab iti)proetl l'ont i I.xts
Tl I. ill whl'-h Will I'C Insetted on oht plnlluj;,
bihirnnd inbbu b.uo to IihiIc as well asilut uat
inalleilh, Ticth oxliaitrd by all them w and
in out appiovi d methods mid nil opemiions on
llio teeth ma Hilly nnd io ( tly at tenth d to,
ltuklih lid) Ubd olllco a lew doois uUtv Uio
Couit lloiuc, miiio Klde,
KloonubiiiL'i Jan.'il.'iAtl'
pmvmiit kixjs and unlm;.1..
W. M. MO.NUOIJAI'O.,
itupt-ii, r.i.,
Mamiraclmcr of
rowi)i:it ici:os
uudiloaUi- In all kinds ot
J.VMm.lt,
t;!M not u-u Unit they nto piepaud to uewmoduto
their citstoiu with dlhpatch, mid em Iho clumsNi-
i'llDk,
A tJooi) cuianck."
'llm rudei'slynod has lu his (haiyo two lino,
iiueiy uuj 4. wuumu pureiiix uieuciuiuuu w ll'Jio lie
dcblu s to bliul out tohoino uooil neison or Mr
dona until they nrrht) at theat'ii of l!l enr i. 1'or
jinrucuiariiuiiiu i e, n, naui u w A ,
May I 'vi t likKHii .bin J'n
BLOOMSBUEG, PA., FRIDAY, MAY 29,
OPINION OF
SENATOR BUCKALEW,
urow sun iivirEAcinviENT
Or AHDIllIW JOHNSON,
rziEsiBSNT or tiib v. s.
Till: KTANTON A UTICI.H.
Tm: Ilrsl ttrlltlo of Iiiiiit'acliiiifiit.
wlilcli L-lmrKM tho tailing of llio Order
fur tho removal of Kdwln 51. Stiiiiton
from lih olllco of Hocrotiiry of Wnr up
on thu Hint I'olirimry, 1S0S, h llio most
linporlnnt ono of tlio article?, nml pro'
honts itself llr.it for eonsiilerntlon. It Is
charged tlint Hint order wns imliuvfullv
Issued with Intent to violnto tho Tenure
of-Olllco net of Jlnrch 2, 1607, nnd con
trnry to tho Conxlltution of tho Unltwl
.States, and that by Issuing It, tho Pres
ident did commit nnd wns guilty of n
high misAlcmciinor In ofucc.
Was tho oilier for tho removal of Mr.
.Stiintoii authorized by tho Constitution
and law.s of tho United States or was it
in violation of either or both ? Tho nr-
KUiiienl upon this miration has been
prolonged and exhaustive: buttonltist
conclusion It will only bo necessary to
examine a few points nnd plnco them
in their proper relations to each other
nml to tho general question Involved.
As a Constitutional question, tho Kx-
ecutlvo power to remove from olllco
may bo placed upon thoso two provis
ions of tho Constitution of tho United
States which declaro that thoKxecutlvo
power of the Government shall bu ves
ted in tho President, nnd that ho shall
tnko euro that the laws bo faithfully ex-
ccutcil. Tho power to retnovo being
executive In Its.natiire, and Us oxercUe,
upon tit Occasions, being necessary to
tho duo execution of the laws, it is in
sisted that His vested in tho Prenident
by the.so provisions or the Constitution:
And such was tho decision of Congress
nftcr fulldebato in 17St).
Jl this construction of the Constitu
tion bo a true construction, there can bo
no doubt that the President lnultluoau
thority to 1-suo tho order for tho remo
val of Mr. Stanton.
Hut the power of tho President In re
move a Secretary of War from olllee, Is
clearly declared by tlio second section of
the Act or 7th August, 17S9, organizing
the War Department. That section
reads as follows:
" There shall bu In said Donni-l mnn t
an inferior olllcer tobenppolntcd by tho
i-.eiei iiiinciii.u unicer, 10 no employed
therein as ho shall deem proper, to bo
called the Chief Clerk in tho Depart
nient of War and who, teienecer the
mid vnneimil iiiliccr slmll ,
from offirc 6,y the I'scsldent of the Cut
ltd .Statin, or in any ca-o oi' vacanev,
shall dining such vacancy bavo tlio
charge and cti-tody or all records, bonks
and papers appertaining to the said lie
luu'tmcnt." Whether this Mrtlon simply ndnilts
that the President has power to remove
I'.v virtue of llio.CiiiistitiiUoii.orcoiifer.s
the power upon him, Is not material to
our present purpose. In either eao
It Is a ligWatlvu declaration that ho
can remove tho Secretary, tho "princi
pal olllcer" in tho Department of Wnr.
Again, it Isinevldencoaiidtindenleil,
that Secretaries of War havo always
been appointed and commissioned to
hold their olllco "during tho pleasure
of the President of tho United States
for tlie'llmo being," and Mr. Stanton's
commission tho only ono ever issued
to him Is In that form.
It only remains to Inquiro whether
recent legislation has changed tho ten
ure of olllco of tqo Secretary of War so
as to impair or de-troy tho President's
power of removal. Tho llr.st section of
the TeiiiU'e-ot'-OlUcoaet of 2nd March,
IMI", is as follows:
"Tlml nnv iiorsnn hnlillm' nnv- olvll
olllee to which ho lias been appointed
by and with the advlco and consent of
uio senate, ana every person wno snail
hereafter bo amiolnleil loany such olllco
and shall become duly quallllcd to act
therein. Is and shall bo entitled to hold
ueli olllco until a successor shall have
Ik on In llko manner appointed nnd du
ly quallMed, except as herein otherwise
provided : 1'rovUkd that thu Secretaries
of State, of tho Treasury, of War, of
uio iuvy ami oi uio niierior, uio rosi
Master General and tho Attorney Gen
eral, tluill hold their olllees respectively
ior aim iiuring uie term oi mo rrcsi
dent by whom they may have been ap
liolnlcd and for ono month thereafter.
subject to removal by and with tho ad-
vice ana eonont ol tliobeiutle."
Tho proviso of this section puts thu
I leads ol' Departments Into a class by
themselves, but cannot havo practical
effect upon four of tho Secrelaiies who
wero appointed to olllco by Mr. Lincoln
namely, the Secretary of Stale, thoScc
letary of War, tho Secretary of the
Treasiuy and the Secretary of Iho Na
vy. They wero appointed by Mr. Lin
coln In his first term and wero commis
sioned by him, In llio usual form which
then obtained, to hold llielr olllois'du
ring tho pleasure oi the President of
the United Slates for the tlmo being,!'
Theirs was then, u tenure at will : they
wero to hold at tho pleasure of llio Pres
ident who appointed them, or of his
successor whoever that succesrors might
bo.
Tho Secretary of tho Interior, the
Post Master Geneial and tho Attorney
General had been appointed by Mr.
Johnson and had itcilved commissions
in the same form . So tlood llio ca.-oas
to tlio Heads of Dopnitniciits when tho
Tenuro-of.Ollko Act was passed.
Tho proviso, therefore, In declar
ing that Heads of Dcpartiiieui should
hold during tho term of 'ho President
by whom they may have 1 ecu appoint
ed ami for ono mouth thereafter, could
not havo llio practical ell'ect of expand
ing or changing tho tenure upon which
llio Lincoln Secretaries held their olll
ees. For Iho term ol' tho President who
appointed litem, and during which they
were appointed, expired March I, 11-05
ami they wero never reappointed afler
Us expliatlon. Pcsldes, Mr. Johnson's
term began In Apill 8(i., and when tho
law was passed, March 1607, thero
was no term running of a President by
whom they had been appointed, Thero
can bono prcleuco ol an appointment
of them by Mr, Johnson, or by Mr,
Lincoln In his second term, from tho
fact that they held over nftcr March 1,
iso.1. No new commissions wero Issued
to them, am! In fuel no now appoint
menls wero posslblo without tho advlcu
nnd consent of tho Senate, which was
never asked for or Riven,
In my opinion nllSccrctnrIe.s, present
ntul future, were within tho deserlpllvo
wortis oi tlio proviso, but the Lincoln
b'ccrolarlcs wero not practically within
the opcintlou of the now tcnuio which
nun proviso esinuiisiiod. They wero
within the words which distinguished
nml separated Heads of Departments
rrotn other civil olllcers of tho Govern'
merit, but not eirecltially brought with
In tho now tenure rule. For purposes
oi ciassiiicatlon all Heads of Depart
incuts wero named lu tho proviso, and
excluded from tho body of tho section,
but tho tenure of those Secretaries was
not In fact changed, but wns left ns be
fore.
No one can eloubttho complete appli
cation of tho Tenure-of-olllco net to nil
Heads of Departments appointed by fu
ture Presidents. They will nil hold
during tho term of tlio President who
shall appoint thcni nud for ono month
thereafter thero will be no executions.
If n President Hindi bo chosen for a sec
ond term tho members of his cabinet
must bo reappointed If they aro to hold
for moro than ono month In his now
term. Hut suppose a President shall
die, resign, or bo removed from olllco,
before his term shall run out? Will his
Cabinet bo fastened upon his. successor
for ono month only or for tho remain
der of the full term V Will u Secretary
appointed March I ISO'J bo entitled to
hold for a fixed and Indefeasible term
ot four years and ono month, or may ho
lose his place sooner by thodeath, res
ignation or removal of tho President
who appoints Mini V Xow this Is, in
ono view, an important Inquiry lu tlx-
lug tho construction of thu Tenuro-of
OIUco act lu Its application to the caso
uororus For If It shall appear Hint
upon tho death, resignation or removal
ofnfuluro President his Cabinet will
go out at the end of ono mouth, thero Is
no ground left for tho argument that
Mr. Stanton now holds his ofllco under
tho law. Ho can claim to hold It only
upon the ground of tho non-expiration
ofMr. Lincoln's second term. If that
term expired with Mr. Lincoln's life
ho has no standing whatever lu any
forum of honest debate.
In my opinion, in caso of thodeath.
resignation or removal of a future Pres
ident his Cabinet will go out of ofllco at
tlio end of one month. A President
takes n four year term subject to tho
Implied condition that ho shall llvo so
long and shall not resign or be remov
ed upon Impeachment. His term ends
when for any caus j ho vacates or Is re
moved from his olllco nud can no longer
perform Us duties. The term of llio
Kmpcror Charles V. ended when ho
resigned his crown ; that of Junius H.
when parliament declared ho had abdi
cated tho llirono by wltbilmwliiK Ului-
sell from llio realm. In tho ordinary
case of an olllcer of the U. S. who holds
fora term of years, if ho tile, resign or
Im removed from ofllco pending his
term, tho term ends, and his successor
takes a now, full term. Hut it may bo
saltl that our present citso is a peculiar
ono becatiso n Vleo President Is provi
ded to 1111 out tho term of a . resident
who dies, resigns or Is removed, Tho
Constitution does not say that. It says
that In case of thu death, eVc, of tho
President tho dutlesof tho Presidential
olllco shall devolve upon tho Vice Pres
ident. If It bo a caso of temporary dis
ability of the President the VIco Presi-
dent will perform the duties of the of
fice until tlio disability shall be remov
ed, if it boa caso of vncaiuv In tho
Presidential onleo the VIco President
will perform the duties of thu ofllco dur-
illy the time or term foe ichich he wim
elided Vice President. Ho becomes
President lu fact, not for tho term of
another but for his own.
Tho Constitution provides that when
thero Is no President or Vice President
to discharge the duties of thu Presi
dential ofllco, such duties shall bo ills
charged by some other olllcer to bo des
ignated by law, until anew President
shall bo cho-cu. Hut under an existing
law, (net of March I, 17U-,) such cholco
of a new President may possibly bo
made by Kleclors, two or threo years
before tho running out of tho former
President's term, ami yet tho new Presi
dent will bo chosen and will hold foru full
four year term. Thu old and the now
terms will not overlap each other In
such ease, will not bo coexistent to any
extent, because the former ends Willi
llio event, whatever It may bo, which
c.iUM'S tho vacancy lu the Presidential
oillce.
We may conclude then that tho words
"the term of the President" mentioned In
IhoTcuuru-ot-Olllcoiietuuil lu tho Con
stitution, Is tho actual period of servieo
of a President (Including any tlmo of
temporary disability )and that such term
may end by death, resignation or re
moval as well as by the regular expira
tion offour years, It follows that Mr.
Stnutoii could not claim to hold his
plnco ii.s Secretary of War under tho
tenure created by tlio proviso to tho
first .section of (ho Tenuie-of-Ofllco net,
even though ho hail been appointed lu
fact or constructively In Mr. Lincoln's
second term of service as President of
the l S. In no scnsucaii It be saltl that
hu Is holding his ofllco lu or during "tho
term of the President, by whom ho was
lippoiiueii."
Hut, If this bo granted, Itbecoinos.evl
dent that his case Is quite outside of tho
Tenure-of-OIUce net, and wholly unaf
fected by it. And the plain words of
llio act of 178'.) and the language of his
coninilsslon,declarohlnito bo subject to
removal nt tho pleasure of tho Presl
dent,
1 shall not examine at length the
adroit argument which places Mr. Stan
ton's case within tho body of thu llrst
section of tho Tcnure-of-onlco act, up
on Its logical expulsion from tho provl
). This Is evidently tin after-thought
which can derive but little support from
verbal criticism, and nouo whatever
from tho history or policy of tho law,
Plainly thu purposo of the law was to
put all Heads of Departments iu a scii
nrato class', and attach them to tho par
tlcular Piesldcnts by whom they nro
appointed. No President shall havo
Secretaries Imposed upon him whom ho
has not selected, nor (ns I construe tho
law) shall ho bo compelled to retnin in a
second term those ho had selected In
1868.
ins llrst. no mny once In nnv term
freely ehooso his ndvlscrs (subject only
10 hcnntorial confirmation) but If rc-e
Icctetl he Is not bound to keen them nor
can ho In any caso Impose them upon
ins successor. The law only binds him
to retain them (when once chosen) dur
ing the term or remainder of thu term
In which they nro selected, nnd then
tney retire.
Hut this evident policy of the law is
in lint contradiction of tho nriniment
which places Mr. Stanton's caso with
in tho body of tho section and assigns
to mm n tcntiro of Indefinite duration lu
tho future. No future President (nnv
moro than tho present ono in caso of his
ro -election) could shako olfthls Secreta
ry, without tho consent of tho Senate, If
tins argument bu sound.
Not ono word was uttered in either
Houso of Congress when tho act was
parised Indicating that tho Lincoln Sec
retaries woro Included, or Intended to
bo included, In tho bodyof tho llrst sec
tion1, but n most explicit statement was
uuulo by Senator Sherman (without dis
sent from any qunrlcr) that they woro
excluded from tho protection of tho act
nml Mould remain subject to removal
oy the President.
It I) charged lu tho first article of
Impeachment as an ingredient of tho
oirensu therein alleged to havo been
committed by tho Presldont, or as n se
rious aggravation thereof, that tho or-
der for tho rcmovol of Mr. Stanton was
issued during a session of tho Senate
ami without Senatorial advlco and con
sent. This particular accusation was
supposed by many iu tlio outset of thli
controversy to bo unanswerable. Hut
possesses no importance whatever.
For neither tho Constitutional argu
ment for executlvo power to niaku ro
movals from ofllco, nor tho act of 17ts'J
organizing tho War Department, nor
nny other former statute relating to re
movals, nor the prnctlce of tho Govern
ment, recognizes nny distinction of
tlmo (In mnking removals) botweou
session nnd recess. Tho President In
all cases where ho is uuthorlzed to ro-
movo un ofllccr, mny remove him dur
ing n session of tho Senate as well as In
a recess between sessions, for aught that
appears In tho Constitutional reasoning,
iu the legislation or in tho practlcu of
tho past,
Prior to 1S07 all removals wero to bo
made by tho President upon Ids own re
sponsibility, without Senatorial advlco
or consent. Whether the Senato was
in session or not when a removal was
mado was, therefore, wholly immater
ial to his exerclso of his power. The
presence of tho Senate was of Import
ance only when a now and complete
appointment was to bo made to till n va
cancy wbetlior proelucesel by rutuov.il
or other cause.
Upon tho wholo wo must como to the
conclusion, that if Mr. .Stanton holds
under tho Teiiuro-of-Oflleo act, lie can
not bo removed either In session or iu
recess without the consent of tho Sen
ato ; but if ho does not hold under that
act then under tho prior law.s and prac
tice of tho Government, ho may bo re
moved by tho President at any time,
Iu either ctu.0 llio chargo that ho was
removed during a session of tho Senato
is unimportant if not absurd.
Tlio ordcrfortho removal of Mr. Stan.
ton was inexact conformity with tho
precedent intho caso of Timothy Picker-
lug, .Secretary ofState, who wns re
moved fromolllco by President Adam s
ou tho l.th of May 1800.
Tho first sesslonof tho sixth Congress
began December 2nd, 17J'J, and ended
MuyHth IhOO. (Trial.p.o'Jj.) Tho remov
al was thereforo during tt ses-ion of thu
Senate. On Saturday May loth Presi
dent Adams wroto to Mr. Pi ckcring
requesting him to resign uiiil stating hi s
desiro for an nusworto his communica
tion "on or before Monday niornlng,bo.
causa tho nomination of a successor
must bo sent to tho Senato as soon as
they should sit." This last remark was
obviously made with referenco to tho
adjournment ur Congress; for by Reso
lution of Iho 21st of April tho two
Houses had.agrood toadjourn tho session
on Monday May 12th and u Resolution
of tho Senato to extend tho session
tho lllh had Jut been rejected by
tho Hotise.(l) Semite Journal, 77, 7, Hi)
It was nix-o.s.-ary thereforo that a nomi
nation of a successor should bo sent tt
tho Senato "as soon us they should sit"
on Monday, In order to confirmation be
fore tho final adjournment of thu Httn-
lou.
Mr. Pickering's answer, refusing to
resign, is tlaledt)ii.Monday,tho Pith, anil
it Is a fair If not Inevltablo conclusion
from thu facts known to us, that It was
sent to tho President on tho morning of
that day. For the President hail reques
ted that tho answer should bo sent to
him on or before that morning nnd hu
tool: iiellon upon tin answer which In
dicates that hu received It at that tlmo.
Ho issued an order dated thu 12th per
emptorily discharging Mr. Pickering
from further servieo as Secretary of
State, nud as soon its thu Senate met, on
tho same day, scut to It a message nomi
nating "John Marshall of Virginia to
bu Secretary of Statu lu place of Tim
othy Pickering, removed." (Trial p.p.
130, :B7.)
On May 12, a Resolution passed both
Houses extcutllng tho bcssIoii to tho llth,
(M .Semite Journal, 02, 01,) and on Tues
day, tho 10th tho Senato lu Kxocutlve
session confirmed tho nomination of
Judge Marshall as Secretary of State,
I'i'rlal, p. !1.VJ.)
It Is clear then, that Mr. Pickering
was rcmoviHl during a session of Con
gress and of tho Senate; that hu was re
moved before a nomination of his suc
cessor was transmitted to tho Somite,
and that his successor was continued
anil appointed on a subsequent day.
Tho views of tho Managers of tho
Impeachment upon tho Pickering case,
as expressed by them to the Senato up
on this trial, appear to bo quite
groundless. Ono of them (Mr. lltitler,)
was of opinion that tho nomination of
Marshall was scut to thu Senato before
tho order of dismissal was sent to Pick
erlng, (Trlnl,p.p.!!.'i8, iS.VJ.8G0,) while an
other, (Mr.lllngham,) Insisted at length
that the order of removal was Issued
before tho Senate "had coniinenceil Its
wsloii," nud that Piiteltlent Adams
"ilia not consider Hint It was proper
even under tho law of 17f! for blin to
make that re i. oval during tho session
of the Senate." (Trial, p. 117.1.) Neither
ono of these contradictory opinions
can stand. It Is very evident that Iho
removal of Pickering preceded the
nomination of Marshall, nnd It Is lic
yond dispute that the entire trnnsac'
Hon was during a session or the Senate.
and not In recess. The Senatu had
been In session for months; It sat on tho
preceding Saturday (:i .Semite Journal,
02) and thero can bo no pretense of n va
cation or recess on tho Monday when
Pickering was removed from olllco.
Tho Pickering enso is thereforo a tle-
clslsivo authority In support of tho or-
icr ror tlio removal of Stanton.
THi: THOMAS AllTICM.
Tho second, third and eighth articles
of Impeachment chargo tho designa
tion by tho President of Gen. Thomas
to perform tho duties of Secretary of
Wnr ad Interim, us unlawful, nnd as
constituting a high misdemeanor in
ofllco.
I think tlmt that act of tho President
wns authorized bv thn net nf llllli
February 1703. (1 Statute ullarac -113.1
Hut in view of tho argument that the
law of 1703 is no longer In force, It be
comes necessary to consider, In connec
tion, tho several laws which relate to
ofllcinl vacancies nnd disability of olll
cers in tlio .several executlvo Depart-
parimenis.
Tho act of 8th of May 1702. Section 8.
prl ides :
"In casn nf llm ilonth nlisiiiinn fr,.,..
tho scat of government, or sickness of
e..u oce.reiary oi nmie, secretary or llio
1 rcasury, or or tho Secretary of tho War
Departmcnt.or or any olllcer or clthcrof
tho said Departments whoso appoint
ment is riot as tho head thereof, where
by they cannot perform tho duties or
their said rospectlvo ofllces, It shall be
lawful for tho President nr (lie n.iltoil
States in caso ho shall think It net-ess-"fy,
to authorize! any person or persons,
at his discretion, to perform thu duties
of tho said respective olllees until n suc
cessor do npponited, or until such ab
sence or Inability bv sickness slmll
cease." (1 Stat. 281.)
Oils act (it will bo seen) was confined
to tlio Departments or Stale, of tho
Treasury and of War, which were tho
only ones organized when the act was
passed. It will bo seen also, that tho
net applies only to eases of vacancy oc
casioned by death, and to eases of disa
bility occasioned by sickness or absence
from tho scat or Government.
Tho net or 10th or February 179.5. in
Its llrst section, makes further nro-
vision as follows:
"In case of vacancy lu the oillce or
(secretary of Slate, Secretary of tho
Tieasiiry, or or tho Secretary ortho De
partntent or War, or or any oflleor or
either or tho said Departments, whoso
uiiiiuiimueui. is not, iu inu lieail lliereor,
whereby they cannot perform the du
tlesof their saltl respective olllees, it shall
bo lawful for tlio President of the Uni
ted States, in ea.so ho shall think It ne
cessary, to authorize any person or per
sons nt his dlcretioii,t perform tho du
ties of saltl respective ojlie?i until a itic
cessor bo appointed or such vacancy bo
filled Provided Hint no ono vneanev
shall bo supplied Ju manner uforesairl,
ror a longer term than six mouths."
This act lias no application to cases
of temporary disability but to cases or
vacancy tdono ; but as to nuch It is com
prehensive and includes (Jiosoof every
description. It Is, however, like that
or 1792, conllned to thu Departments or
State, tho Treasury and War.
Next follows tho act of 20th February
IMJO. (list, at laryer,) Its passage was
recommended by President Lincoln in
a special message tlatcd 2nd of January
ISO:!, which reads us follows:
"I submit to Congress tho expedien
cy of extending to other departments of
the Government thu authority eonrcrred
on tho President by tho 8th section or
tho act ortho 8th May i702. to appoint
a person fo temporarily discharge tho
duties or Secretary or State, Secretary
of tho Treasury, and .Secretary of War,
In caso oMIto death, oJjseneo rrom tho
seat or government, or sickness, of
either of thoso olllcers."
Iu piii'sitanconr this rccominwulatioii
tho act was passed In the followli.e;
words :
"in caso of tho death, resignation, ab
sence from tho scat of government, or
sickness, of tho head of any Kxeeutlvn
Department of the Government, or of
any olllcer ofeitherof thu said Depart
ments whoso appointment is not in thu
head thereof, whereby I hoy cannot per
form thu duties of their respective olll
ees, It shall bolawrql for tho President
ortho United States, iu case hu shall
think It necessary, to autj.orlzo tho
head of any other Kxecuthvu Depart
ment or other olllcer III either of .saltl
Departments whosnappolntiuent Is vcf..
edlntho President, at Ids discretion,
to perform the duties of tho mill lespee
live olllees until a successor bu appoint
ed, or until such absence or d
ability by sickness shall cease : Peoel.
dtd, that no one vacancy shall bo sun-
plletl Hi manner aforesaid ror a longer
term than six months."
It will bo observed Unit this act fob
lows mainly thu language of tho act of
1702. Thu particulars In which it tie-
parts from it nro these :
Lit oxteds to nil tho seven Kxocutlvo
Departments Instead or being confined
to tho threo which wero In existence In
1702;
2. It applies to u caso of vacancy by
resignation;
1. it authorizes thu employmuul in
temporary service In a Department or
olllcers of another Department, Instead
of " any person " as lu tho former law:
and .lastly, It borrows from tho act or
170.) the limitation or six months upon
thu term of special service in each co.se
provided for.
Now tho question Is presented did
this act or 1H00 repeal by necessary Im
plication the vacancy net or 1703V It
provides Tor tho cases of disability cov
ered by tho act of 1702, A for casesof vu-
cancy occasioned by death covered by
tho saiuunet. Hut It provides further
for cases of vacancy occasioned by resiy
nation which wero not within tho net
or 1702 but would appear to bo within
tho net of 1793.
It Is clear that when n later statute
entirely supplies tho plnco of a former
ono it works Its repeal. And so where
n later statutu contradicts n former
one, or Is plainly Inconsistent with
It, tho former law Mils, lu each caso
supposed, then lsun Implied or con
structive repeal of tho old law.
And when tho place of an old law
Is supplied Iu part by a new one, or is
In part plainly Ineonsistanl with a new
mtlUB FIVE CENTS.
one, thosnmo result takes plae-ons to
such tmnescessiiry or Inconsistent parts
of tho old law.
Now Hip Act of 180.1 makes provision
only for vacancies cniifcd by denth or
resignation, whereas the Act of 1703
extended to all cases of vacancy, inclu
ding those caused by removul or expi
ration or term or service. As there is
no express repeal or tho old law, nud as
tho new one docs not fully supply Its
place, tho old law must remain partly
In force and still apply to cases of va
cancy caused by removal or expiration
of term.
And this view Is strengthened by con
sidering the fact that the Act of 1SG3
was nskod for by Mr. Lincoln for no
purposo of repealing former laws, but
to extend the disabilities Act of 1702 to
nil tho Kxocutlvo Departments.
It may bo Insisted upon further, that
whereas tho Act of 1705 did not repeal
tho Act or 1702, that or 18G3 cannot bo
hold to repeal thu Act oP03. Now tho Act
or '02 was ortcn uctod upon lu tho prac
tico or tho Government down to recent
times and it was referred to by Mr. Lin
coln as nstibsistinglaw in his communi
cation to Congress or 2d January 1803.
ir then tho Act of 1703 did not repeal
the Act of 1702 becauso It provided for
a caso of vacancy by death nnd thus fnr
supplied tho former law, tho Act of 16C1
cannot bo held to repeal tho Act of 1.03
becauso It provides for cases of vacancy
by death and by resignation. In each
caso tho elder statute continues Iu forco
except so fnr tvs its plnco Is filled by tlio
younger.
Tho argument so far proceed upon
the ground tlmt the Act of 1803 is to
some extent inconsistent with tho for-
iircr laws nnd partially displaces them.
Hut Is It clear that It is inconsistent
with thoso laws V Tho former laws nu
thorlzu tho President to designate! "any
person" to dlschnrgo tho duties of an of
llco ad Interim iu caso of vacancy there
in or disability of tho incumbent. Is
It certain that theso words, "any per
son," should bo held to includo any of
llccr of tho Government without regard
to tlio character of his olllco or tho du
ties anil responsibilities charged upon
him by law? An olllcer under bond, If
taken nway from his proper ofllco nnd
appropluto duties, could not bo held re
sponsible upon his bond for any default
caused thereby (nor his sureties either),
without gross Injustice; and many other
dllllculties might bu suggested upon
sucli construction or tho Inw. At nil
events, ono would think Hint a very
clear, specific, express provision by stnt
nte would bo necessary to withdraw an
olllcer Troin the duties or an otuco to
which ho had been asslgnol by duo np
pointment under tho Constitution (up
on Senatorial coullrmation) and assign
him to duty In nnother oClce. The Act
or 1S03 provides specifically Hint Jhls
may bo done and thus gayp nlegal sanc
tion to a practice which lmdQbtaluev to
somo extent before its passage. Hut it
is very doubtbil whether tho disability
and vacancy Acts of 1702 nnd 1795, con
ferred this powcror transferring officers
from ouu oillce to another upon tho
President. If they did not, the Act of
1803 may bo held as additional to and
not restrictive of, tho provisions of the
former laws, and nil question of Incon
sistency between them will disappear.
Tlio former lows may then bo lipid to
stand good ns to all cases arising under
them, and to authorize interim au
thority to "any persons" not heads of
or Picsldontlul appointees in tho De
partments and charged with other du
ties by law.
Tho rules for tho construction of
Statutes Gltiid on behalf or the defenco
on this trial, tejl very strongly ogatnst
tlio argument for tho Implied repeal ol
tho act or '05 by tho act of '03. Repeals
by Implication ure not favored by tho
law-whero a later tututu Is not plainly
inconsltent with a former one, both
shall stand remedial statutes shall bo
construed liberally so as to securw fully
their object theso and other rules sanc
tion by tho wisdom of ages fully protect
tho statutuof 1795 against tho argument
ut thu Diosocutlon and give to it a com
plete .sanction us nu existing law. As
siiruiugtliat that act continues in force
as to vacancies occasioned by removal,
UJu-Jllled beyond ull question Hie letter
of authority to Gen, Thomas of 21st
February authorizing him to perform
thu duties of Secretary of Wat ml Inter'
lm,nm tho 2d,3d and sth articles of Im
peachment nro wholly without support.
It hits been said that tho Teuuro-of-Oflleo
net repeals all prior laws which
uuthorlzud oi Interim servieo iu tho Ex
ecutlvo Departments, but the Met is not
o. Tho 'iViiuru-or-Olllco act has no
repi';iliiiclaust',jind Its 8th se-ctlon does
most clearly recojjulzo the validity of
interim solmiioiw for Executive olllet.
That section Is as follows ;
"That whenever thu President shall,
without Ihoadvlco anil consent of tho
Semite, designate, authorlzoor employ
tiny person to perform tho duties of tiny
olllco, he shall forthwith notify tho
Kt-cietury of tho Treasury thereof; and
It shall bo tho duty of tho Secretary of
the Treasury, thereupon, to communi
cate such noticetoall thepropcriiccount
lug and disbursing olllcers of his De
partment." Passing now from the general qui
tlou ufi(( Interim legislation, It remains
to inquire whether the lettcrof authori
ty to General Thomas was forbidden by
any provision of" the Tentiro-or-Olllco
net. TJiodth section of that uct pro
vides :
That evDrv removal. iiDDoliitment
or employment, made, bad or exercised
contrary to tieproimon$ oj tms act, ana
the making, signing, smiling, counter
signing or Issuing of any commission
or (utter of authority, for or In respect
10, any inert nppoinimeni or employ
ment, shall bu deemed and aro hereby
irecl.iretl to be, high misdemeanors etc,"
Now an uct dono which Is declared la '
bo a high misdemeanor by this section,
must bo ouu which Is "contrary to tho
provisions" of this act. And It Is evi
dent tlmt it must contrnveuu somu
provision of thu llrst second or third
section becauso thoso nlono relate to the
subject matter of removal and appoint
ment. Hut It has boon shown already
that Mr. Stanton's caso Is not within
tho tlrst section of tho net and that that
section could not bo violated by his re
moval and tho designation of 'Thomas
to supply his placo ad interim. Nor