r.i." "J
VOL. II. NO. 1.
BLOOMSBTJHG-, PA., FRIDAY, J ANUARY 3, 1868.
pitioK five 0KNT8.
M.OOMSMIKfl DIUKGTOUY.
STOVES AND TINWARE.
I ACOI1 MIVTZ, delllerlll tnvc & tlmviue, Mnlll
) at., nliovo com l house, vlnH
I M. UtTIT.UT, lnM nml tinware, ltuiiett
i, hlnek. MalllM., urnl of Market, vl-ml
CLOTHING, AO.
i I.OW'IlMiniUl, nirrelmnUiillor, Miiln st., 2d
j, uwrnmno American House, vl-nl
I W. CltllMIIKltl.IX.Htiolesnlcnndretnlldenl
w. uilli.iiin;ill.l., Hliniesnlenndretnllilenl
. cr In elolliliur.cte.! llnrtmiiii's huiiiiintr. .Mnln
street. tail I
DRUGS, CHEMICALS, AO.
I N. MOVI.lt, ilniKuMnml niiotlicciiry, V.x
JJ chnnge Moeli .Main st, vl-li I.
1 P. t.VTZ, ilrustiNt anil niiotliccnry, llunert
j, tiloelt, Mnlll St., uest of Market. vl-H II
CLOCKS, WATCH IiS, AC.
1 (I1I1H Itnt.VHAIlIl. wntell mill etm-tr mi.lirr.
It near Hoiltlienst corner Mnlll and Iron sis, vl-nll
( K HA VAi.ll, dealer In cloelis, wntt-lieK nnil
J. Jewelry, Main st,, nenlly onmltu Atiicrlcnii
House. ,.
) t'ATIIt'AIIT.wntelinliiUloilt maker, .Mntln-t
X Hit, Ul ll, W .11 11 1 11. l
JIOOTS AND SHOES.
ft M. MIOW.V, boot nnd shoemaker, .Main street
j. uiih,siiu ,iiicnciiu iiouso. vl-
I SO r.T.l.Jillli.mniiufitcturcr mid dealer In (suits
l ' nnil shoes, Mnlll t., iil'l-oillo i:ilscoiinl church
vl-nll
HUN'UY K 1.1.1 M liinnufliclurrr nnil denier III
boots mid shoe. miK'crlea etc.. l-lnst Ulooni.
luirg Mnlii at, vl-nll
DAVID lllirZ, trait nml sliocmnkcr, Milln St.,
below llnrtninn's store, wist of.Mnrkct sheet,
PROPKSSIONAL,
J'k-'y.-V' M- f - "'irijeon nnd pliyalclnn south
sldo Main St., below MhiUi.-i. vl-nll
1 11. 11. I- Kinney surgeon dentist, teeth extract
j iviiimui isiui, .-iiuin hi
nearly opposite.
l.l'lscopnl Church.
vi-u in
1 11. M'Kljl.VY, M. 11. kuijtoii nml pliynlcinn
i) nouth sido Main Ht., below Market. vl-nll
7 f. mtTTr.lt, M. I), nun-eon nnd Physician,
,1 Mnrket St., nbovo Main. vl-nlJ
DK. It. C. HOWl.lt, surgeon dentist, MailiTt"
nbovo court house. vl-nll
MILhlNKltY & FANCY GOODS. "
AIIHS l.VMK llAUKLHY, milliner,
iii
I building, Mnlll st.
ltamsey
vl-ni.l
MISS A. II. Wr.llll, fancy ponds, notions books.
Hlatlonery, north side Main succt below Mar.
vl-nl.1
lji I'lriT-UM AN, millinery nnd fancy riot.Is up.
l'i' in)sltc l.plscoiml church, Mnln st. vl-nl l
AIHS. .Il'UA A. A HADi: UAltlCI.r.Yr ImlieH
ill clonks nnd drcsi puttcrny, southeast comer
Main nnd west St. l-nll
H.SSM. lil'.itttrci.'Hnv ,ini,..
.HkuixIs .Main n., opposite Court House.
nnd fancy
vl-nll
M lis. M, II. 1'Ull.MAN, lulllliur. Main St., below
iU llartlilllirBStoie,eli)fMnrketst. l-ull
II1IIJ: MISHIH HAlt.MAN mllllTTeiy nnd niney
I tiooU,.Mnln street Just below Ameriean houie.
vl-nll
hotj:us and saloons.
JI.LAf'OCIC, oyslernnd rntlnir saloon, Ameri
can House, Main si., Ualtzcr Lencoek superln
tclulcnt, l-lili
lUlll.MYiat A JACOIIY, TOlifwtlcmri-r.in.te7y,
l nnil oj sler saloon, wlinlc-:nlu nml letall.llx
chniiiio block, Mnln st. .vl-ul'l
I.iOXAAVKIIII, confectionery, lmkerv, mid ovs
1 tersnloou, wholesale nnd retail, Mnln St., Just
i.ixciiANni
HOTIII,. hv J. I-. Casi.ow. Main
opposite court house. vl-nll
i mi:
MIIItlt'A.V HOUHll, by John I,i:i ock, Mnln
iV st., wi'sl of lion street,
w-uii
riDitiCH noTiir,,
I' Mnln st.
by (l.Y. MAUO Kit, east end of
M-llll
BKTOIINIIII, lerreshment snloou,Mnlu si., Just
, nbovo court house. vl-n 13
JF. t'ASI,0V, lefreshment saloon, Kxrhanco
hotel, Uiwsou Oilman, superintendent vl-nl I
rr.OII,I,MOItll, lerreshment saloon, r-hlwi'a
It hlotk south side Main st. W-lil't
JIKUCHANTS AND OUOCKHS.
.i .TAC'OHH, ('(uiloptloiu'ry, (.itccrhi- )c
j htnbuo Com I IIoup,
. Main
M.nW
Q II, MII.IjI'U, dealer In dry ii,r.',K urcd'CTlos
n niitt'jiwun, Hour, mU, miock( notion, itr.
liaugu hkiL'k, Main ht ri-t-t vl-ni t
ii-:i:r,vv xi'vii a at., tipnwn in
Iry k'mmN,
lL Kro-fcrli'M, lldur, fwil. salt. H.h. linn, tmlK
noitln-ast fiiiiifi- Mnfniiml smikctst. vlnl.t
HC. llOWIUt, li.itsninl cnH, 1notHuiul hhocs.
Main ht., ultoNo i-ourl lirnist1. v 1 -1 1 1 1
CI C. MAltU.Jiy trfnlHaml notiniw, KimthwesL
i, corner Main unci Iron hU. l-r4J
1 J, IlltOWKIt. dry koihN, looa rlis, c tc norlli
ij . west coiner Main and lion hh, 1 nil
11 KV
A. HAUTMAX, dry kmm1s, iiotlnim, and
IV (rocciICH,
.Maui M.,oiiri)siio j.pjscoiiai rumen.
II IMIUNhIir:U(Ji:ii,(aKrnt,)KHHerlt
tnlme-
1 1 , co, una eonitictionavy, .laiii hi,
be'ow Anii!
vl-nW
lean house.
nA.ltl'CKLKY, Kfyhtonchlioestorp.bnuHif and
, stationery, wmlliwcst corner Mai1;et ami
MnliihtM. I-nl'l
AUHJJAM llltAHMUH, eonfectlonerTeH, Main
If ht., Just alios e com t house. 1-nlJ
p Mi:NlH'.NirAIiLlr!eiieral tftoelc of meielinn
Ij.dKcaml lumber, corner of Mala Mieetand
1 itr wide loud. vl-nW
J.T. HOI1IIINH, dealer In dry pools RrceiicH cts.
Mils o's lilock, Main ht., j1'0W''"" f'"''
JK, IHUTON, nroeorles A 1'iosUlonn, south
east coriier Main and Jion Htieels. vl-nll
( HNVDIHl, Iiaidsvaie, cutlery,
V.'. Maln fct., belosv Iron.
gimx, ete.,
vl-1113
i .1. hl.0 AX, denier In t holee dry nnod, 1 louse.
i liecjihiKK'wJdH, richh groeeifcii, etc., etc. Main
ht., niosl(o com I house, vlnl 1
J.5
K. r.YKIl, tiroccrles nnd general ineichnndlso
.Main si., aboN o west. i-iiu
t T kit Alll'l.!:s;sl. ilrv trfMiih. .ro.-erleM. boots.
j. sbois. ite Hubert 'blink, Mnlll st west or
.Mniket. vi-nii
JILSCKLLANKQUS.
(1 V, UUltl.l.l., llllUIHlie rnuius, inn
I, brick oil Main st., west uf Maiket si
1; J. TIIOHKTON', wnll paper, u-lndm
't, nml IIMuivs, llupeit bloik, Main st.
window slnulis.
M-llll
II
ItOshNhTDt'K, pholournpher, i:chnni!n
block. Main St., opposite couit house, l-ul1
I I' HHOAllT, phntoBlnphir, Illirllnan's build
rl in
Inmioiihens'tcoiin r.Mnlnaud.Mnrkcist. vloill
N
V. llAIlTtl.N.totiaccoulst.anil dealer In stow
. eonl. Midlist. .ol'lMjHltufomthoUsc. Vl-ltll
I, t,,TI,ulari. Ln.l.lln trnill? llllll lial'llCSS
luiiker, Main st.. Iielow court, house. vl-nW
0.
KtiHrKlt, nine .Mnkev, and While and fancy
TnuniT.hcottown.
Vl-IHT
HMIOMHIVUO I.I'.MIU'.lt CD.
anil ileulem III Lumber, ol 111
mill uearthu rull-roud.
. uinlllllaeuiriMS
kluiN. iil.ilulim
l-nw
W J. HIIlI.llMAN, saddle and IminesK ninki
It ,w...r L..i.ii.....ki ...,i..i M.iln nnd Market st,
' i l-llll
I WITJIAN, nimble winks,
i, louur Mnln und Mm lu t st...
ivmi w ..inil.li. ,iiil:s. ncur southwest
II.lllNfll.IUt.denlir 111 pianos, urtnin nnd
, ndi. 1. .,1 v .itfl U' I'ur.ill'uliilliitllte loom
Ml H. MAHTKltH, nucnt for (linver Hal.t r'n
i siwinir nun tunc, jiuiu si., iiuiinnui
uiu, up SIllllH,
vl-nll
1 V .tinlllUVSl. Hi. nor denier second iloorllolll
), nortliKcst coiner Muln und lion bt. v 1-n"
r l'llACOCIC. Notary r
i Main mid Mniket st,
'nl.lle tiiii-llienst eill 111 r
vl.ull
II UN A.I UNHTON, lnulunl and rush raleii flu;
liisurancocohipnuyioithciibt c.uncr Mnln nnd
West st, vl-nll
nlHllllli: HAkWKItT. mnniiracturer mid lemlll
M L-r iirtliiefclilnu innchlmH,Chiinbcrlliri.iillcy
nuir KbarpliW louudry.
vlu'll
IK KUIIN. dinlcr In mint tnllow, etc,,
bel llu'si alley, hncA of A met It till house,
client
vl-nll
liAMUKI. JAfdllY. Mlllble nnd llriiwil Klolin
O Woiksislllloiiiiihbuitf.llawUUioiid, vlnl7
OI.ANOI.VlLi... IHRKCTOI.Y.
iit. o.A.Mi:oAii(ii:r,.i
iliyslolnn nnd surf-eon.
17 AI(ilitt.,licliltHirto(lootrii Hotel.
11117
plItrK HOTIIf, nml rifrcslimentinilooil.liv Is.
I) rncl.Miimtnn.cnrucr ofMnlunnd rincst,vlul7
SWAN IKiri.I,, the tipiicr houe by John Kny
iler, Mnlll stnbovi l'liicf vl-nl7
1).
K.HIjOAN, denier In dry Hoods, jrioccrlcs,
lumber nml Kcncrnl Mirchaudlsu Main si.
Vl'lll,
riMKIMAS mtCKf.i:, sm'ille nnd Humes milker
J
Main at., ntjovo thnMwaii Hotel,
W.
If. HMITlt. innmifiieiurrr of llti wnr nml
ilonler In htove ete. Main Kt.. iiIkiVk 'I in
Msvan Hotel. Mil?
OAML'r.fi HVKllirn', DiUKttM
OMalnMtreet,
A Apothecary,
Vl-ni
i A. V.. COM'.SIAX, Merehaiil tallor nnd
iV, cient h ritinlhliiiiK""d, MahiM., net door
to ihi! buck hotel. a 1-hVJ
M.
H. HAYHfltsT.nocl:.. Wntllies nivHIlllis
ICIilllied. IlllliH nlKl WntehrH. la,- kill,.. Mnl.i
fs., below rine, vl-ii 17
I AM IN II. nAUMAN.Cnbln.t Mnker, and I'll.
(J Uerlnker, .Mnln SI,, below 1'iiie, vl-nl
A!iciiAi:i,t.'.Ki:i,i.i:ii,i
111 iVl'..AC.,nll l'lnoht,
UtMeeu Main and Mill.
nll.AC. Ki:l.t'II.Nr.lt, lllilcksmltlis.on Mill
. Mrcet, near l'lne. vl-ni7
nrriTlXvHTiU.ONti.siTiSiiTiiI.eiimirnimmfu'
11 tmeror l!rkk,MlllHt.,utstofl'lnii vlnl'J
IJI.IAS .SNYIIMI!, I lour nnd (IrM
ii Uenlcrlu main, Mill slrect.
Mill, "nml
v l-nl"
I DAM s('lllIYl.i:it, Iron founder, Mnthlnl-I.
iV mid Mnnurnctuiei-or plows, Mill St, I-nli
Mlf,l:s A. WII.UAMHA (Vi.',Teirn7rsnl7dMnn
uracturers orlinlher, Mill Street. vl-nl"
IOI1N Kin.l.l'.ll, Hoot nnd Shoel.lnl.er. lMne
I Htleel, opposite the Atndemy vl-1117
I II. llMltUINOA lllKiTIIKII.Cnlpcn.irsnn.l
A. llullders, Mnln httcet, below l'ine. vl-n!7
SAMltr.l, 91. 1'ltn.STIss, Ve erinnry Surm nn.nt
tho lirlek Hotel, coiner o. Main mid rino sts.
Vl-1117
LKillT STREET DMECTOKY.
)1IT1:H HNT, dealer ill dry uoisls, Rrocerlcs,
Hour. feed. salt. Ilsh. lion, nails, etc.. l.luht
Mtrcet. vl-nlj
Ti:ilWII.t.It,i:ll, Cnblnetninlcer,
mid Chnlrmnkcr,
Undertaker
vl-nW
. KIII.I.KY, lUnckstultli, Oliposlto Istst olllce,
vl. u 111
HV. OMAN .t Co., Wheelwrlshls, llrst door
nbovo school house. 1-n l,j
MltS. II. KI,IN1 millinery mid fancy e,uods.
Vl-nW
fW.HANIJr.Y. denier In Lealhcr,
ete. Cush pnld for Hides.
Hides, llmk,
vl-nlil
rM.M.HXT, dealer lu htos'ei and tin ualu In
aiuis branches. viuii
JUKSEYTOWN DIHECTOUY.
INimr.WMAIlISON, dealer In illy koods, uro
IV certes, Krnlu. lumber etc., .lerseyiowi i. vl-nlll
TACDII A. HWHIlUlt, dealer lu
Hides. I.i nllier
llark etc
Madison township Columbia eonnty
vl-ulii
HOTELS AND SALOONS.
NO V O N D H O T K U
l HE iiinlcrML'iied havltnf IcukpiI and re. fn nil nil-
ed limood stylo tho aboso ss lMiiioss'n House,
Hltuatu
A MONO THH MOUXTAIXB
In tholordcrnf C'oluinhlaand Sullivan eouiitles,
in one of tiio iiiott hruutltuland healthful regions
lu tho Htato; is fully piepared to accominol,ito
vlviiurand hojoumeri
WITH Till; I It KAMI MIX
The l'ond and KtrLanm urn vcl Rtoekrd with
del le (ou h tNhof many Uludn Ineludinj
THOU T A X 1 V 1 K H,
ami bojitM lu irood oriier will ho Itent for thene
eftininiKlatlnii and aiuUM-mv-nt of quests, either
inr iiMiuiu; or)it'UMiiue.('iirrjuiis uiou HUH ikmui
tltut hheet of stater which in
snvim.w, milvja in hxthxt.
Hui rounded hy an exteiiKls o l'oreht, thei o Unir(r
ded to thu huntHtnaii u hpleildld Held lor hK mwi
Iecuuar Njioris, aim exeuiso wtui iljh
XI O O A X l 0 U X.
Ills harder will Lo alwaH nmvideil with tho
delicacies ot thoKeiiMHi; ami his UarMocLtd with
I'LitH l.Kil'ous. Houe is laruoaiuleuiiiiiio
illoUH : t liu htablin extensive and mile.
'lholhaiso Is reached iitiin seseial joints nn
tho IlloomshurK & lacltawaniia ltailroad; and s
Plenum ni.tce to pasH inu not nmmus oi miiu-
uur. 11, H. ilAVHultMr.
-May 17, iMf7-tm.
c
Ii V M Ii I A HO U S K,
II Y
IlHUXAUl) HTOlIXnit.
llAvtvn lnli'H iinrelin.ed and fitted no thu
rii-l;no n Houlson Hotel Property, located a
H.U DOOIIS A HOVE 1IIE iOUKT ItOfM,
onthnhaino hide of the htreet, In the town of
II ooiiiHtain;: and liaslnc outauieiia jieenso tor
the hauio ana
H K H T A U H A X T ,
thu Proprietor has determined to else tn tho peo
plo vlsUlnii tho town on business or pleusuro,
A I.I1TI.K MOUK HOOM.
His stablhnralso Is extensts-e. and Is fitted tin
tn tint. lniL'ti-lii.iinil inn Iiil'ck In t lit lire. Ho lH'Olli
Isesthat eerytliln about lilscntablMmienihhnll
ho conducted in an orderly and lasvial manner;
nnd ho lenpectlully hollelts u hhaio ortliepuhllo
I Mtronage. (myl707-iii.
iii.uii.iiu St .uauvu.u, iTupriciur.
'Ihoahcfo uell-Unown hotel has lecently nnder
gone rad 'nl changes lu 1U Internal arraimenientH,
and ltn nr prietorannounce.s tohisfotmereuhhtin
and tho irnvelllnn; publlo that his aeeoniodatlons
lor inucoiniort i iii4miei'aieKeeoini to nonu in
tho eountiy. His table will nlwayn bo lound sup
plied, not only svillihubMtaiKlal food, but with all
tho delleaele-suf I ho M-nson, His wlneH and 11
ouorrt (I'xcept that popular hes erase known an
"jivemy v.purenahea tuieci iroiu mo nupni iinr
houseK. aio entlrolv mire, mid lice from all pol-
souousilrtmh. Ho Is thankful for a liberal pafion
aso In tho paht, mid svlll eontinue to ih'MeUo II In
liniuiure, ui.uuiih . i. en i.u.
rpili: SWAN HOTKIi,
Tilt: ui'iT.it norsi:,)
oiiANar.vir.i.i:, tolumiiia co., v.k,
T1ih subscriber respectfully Informs hW friends
ml tho tiilbllc. Hint lie has tal.i II the nbovo well
known Iiouso of Knteitnlnuiiut, nnd will Is,
iilenscd to licelve the custom of nil who
avor hint with u call,
in: wiij, ki:i:i' a oooi) tahw:,
n llnr well htoclceil with the best of I.lquors, nnd
every eflort will bo made lo ri nder entile salls-
lactlou. .llllll hlliii.u.
uiaut'evuie,ru., .Mann 10, isiij-im,
jNCHANOK SALOON,
IMF lroirielororitiei;xcnalij;cMniiMiiinas now
on hand u lurKU stock of
hU.MMHH HIIKIHisIlMKN'lH,
consisting of
hiui'Kn ovsruts, h.M'.ium.s, tiiH'i:, iioi.hunah
Sill hi' TostlL'f, IIOU.K11 IXIUH, hWKITZKll I'lltUISi:,
i.aokh m:i:n, auk, &c.
Atr t iimi: o.ni:, i jM1: am. ami six. -6
I.AWHON ('.M.MAN',
Kiin-rtuUiidcnt.
Illoomsbiiiw, May , IK1T.
r'lMIK KSl'Y H()TKI
M'V, t'OI.UMIUA COUNTY, I'A.
tub subscriber iisbeelfully Infoiinsbls nlciuH
and the l.lll.lie, Hint lie Isih taken the iiboM' well
known llonso of I :m 1 1 a 1 1 1 n 1 1 ul, nnd will be
iileustil to lecehe thu cuslom of nil wiio will
i.itor iilni wllh ii i all.
111! WIl.I, KIXI1 A 11(101) TAIlIii:,
ll Harwell slocked Willi thu last of I.lquors, nnd
eveiy ellort will bo niade to under enlr;', f"-
l.iellou. M. HI.MI.I.V.
IOkpj-, I'll., Aptll II. I-G7.
0
MNinus lii.vr.
i be iindersli:ned would resiicclfully unnoiiuce tn
the citizens of llloolllsbliru nnd Ihe l'llblio B m
uilly Hint ho Is liuinlnij ml
(i.iNiiirni.INI:
bitwcen tills iilaceimd lliedlller.nl milium, d"
.otsdall (SundajrHexciitedi,loconnict with the
sevellll IliilllH KOlnx Kouth nnd West on the Ciltn-
w lsa und Wllllins.'irt llnllrisul, nnd with lhoe
lmIiiiz Norlh mi'l Month on the Lackawanna nnd
r.. ir..iii,i.
nulllilllli'Ussi'ilire 111 iJisslcon.llllon.conililo-
....... i. .i iiiiii i-luitin-u l.-iiMonidile.
' "ivw - i -I. l ulomeVtorsebWr irhii.l
I, , t,c. llbiiiiii"lililnle'l'MHilirin:ollubleiblireu
ll f ivlim tllili.lv noUeeal iiliv ot III" holcl".
JAt llll I. Until'.'' l iojuieior.
riMli: UNION UOTKI.,
Ar 'U Htrcct, between Third nml 1 ourth htreetn,
I'hlludcliihlii. ,
CII1U 'TWEI)KIt,
lToprltor$.
THE COLUMBIAN,
A J")emoci'nLlo Nowt-tpupoi'
Is fLIII.tfilll.il KVHty HUIIAY MOr.MMJ AI
Ill.OO.MSllt lt(.', IMIN.N'A.
THIlprlncliilesnf thlsisiperiiieof tlic.Ierrcrson
Inn Kcboolof pollllcs. Hioso pilneli'lci will nevo
beeomt'ioinls(d,y(tcouitisy nml klndess shnl.
not be lorntii 11 In discussing; them, whether with
Individuals, or with coiltciulor.irleH of the Tress
The unity, ha iiplne., and irosperlly of ihe conn.
Iry Is our aim and object! andns Ihe menus tn
secure that, we shnl! labor honestly mid enrnestly
for the harmony, success, and growth of our niKan
Ir.atlon.
Trims or Huiiscr.triio.NS Two dollnrs n jenr
If paid In nijvmice. If not paid lu advance two
dollars nnd firty cents will hcluvarlnhlychark-cd.
Ti:iiMsvAiivi.iiTisiNii: One sqimrodeii lines
or less) one or thleo InscltUns 31,71; each suhse.
quent Insertion M cents.
St'Al'E.
One sqtinre..,H
Two squnres
Thleo squnres....
Tour squnres.....
Hair column
One column
1m.
, :i,()
. 5,()
, o,i m
, ln.oi)
. 1'l.lK)
2.M.
f3,(li)
.',,(
,m
,
Ii.nu
is.io
3M,
!!,)
0, ()
8,1)0
10,110
1. ',oo
aij
riM. iv.
jo.oo tio.m
9,(0 11,00
K'.OO 11,00
1 1,(0 20,110
'."0,1)0 80,(10
.To.Oi) Ul.no
Kxeculor's nnd Admllllstrnlor's Notice $.1,00; Au
ditor's iotlco SJ,.V). Oilier ndverllscuunts Inser
ted nceordlna tosjieclnl contract.
Ituslncss notices, without advertisement, twenty
emts per line.
Transient advertisements pnynble In advance
nil others due nfter the first Insertion,
3- It Is, In H cniri, more likely to bo sntlsfnc
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STANTON'S SUSPENSION.
Tho .President's Communication to
tho Bcnato Giving' his Reasons for
suspending' secretary Stanton
To Ihe Snuitc of the I 'nllrd States t
On tlic l-lli of August lint J .misticn
(ltd Mr. Stnnton from tliu cii'rclMj of
tlio ofllco of Sorrctnry of Wnr, nnil on
tho pitmu tiny (luslRiinti'il fipn. flrnnt to
net ns Secrctnry of Avitr (? Interim.
Tho followIiiK nro cojilin of the Kxceu
tlvo orders:
HXKI'I'TIVK MANStoV, )
WASIHNlilON, August 12, 1V.7. J
Slit : Hy virtue of tho power nml mi
thorlty vt-itctl In mo ns I'rpildctit, by
thuC'oiistlttitloiitinilthel.aWBof thu Ui'l
ted Stntt'H, you nro hereby "suspended
from ofllce nsfeerctnry of AVnr, nnd will
eeaso to ctereu nny nnd nil functions
pertiiltiliiL to tho muni'.
You Will t
fit oiieo tmnsfcr to (Ion. V.
ii. Urnnt, who Inn tltls tiny been itiithor
lzed nnd empowered to net in .Seeretnry
of Wnr ail Interim, nil records, books,
iiapern, nnd other public property now
In your custody und chnrge.
lion. llnwtN M.HrAVToN.KccrcKiryof Wnr.
i:ufTtvi: Mansiov, )
Wasbimiton, Ii. C, Ana. 12, 1W.
.Sip.: Hon. Kdwln JI. Stanton Imvlnp;
been tbli day Buipended us Secretary
of Wnr, you nro lioreby nuthorlml nnd
empowered to netns Secretary of A'ur
ail interim, nnd will at onco enter upon
the discharge of tho duties of tho olllce.
Tho Secretary of Wnr tuts boon In
structed to transfer to you nil tho rec
ords, books, papers, nnd other public
property now In bis custody nnd cliargp.
Gen. V. S. (Iuant, Washington, D.C.
The following communication was
received from 31 r. Stanton :
WAR Pl'l'AUTM TNT, 1
Wasiiinuton citt, An?. 12, 107. f
Silt : Your noto of this date has been
received informing mo that by virtue
of tho powers and authority vested In
you ns i'resldent, by the Constitution
and laws of tho I'nited State, 1 um
suspended from olllco as Secretary of
War, and will cease to exercise any and
all functions pertaining to tho iame;
and uNo directing mo to at onco to
transfer to Cien. LT. S. Grant, Who has
this day been authorized nnd empow
ered to act as Secretary of Wnr ail In
terim, all records, book., papers, and
other public property now in my custo
dy and charge.
Under n sense of public duty I am
compelled lo deny your right under tho
Constitution nnd laws of the United
States, without thu advice and consent
of tho Senate, and without legal cnti-e,
to suspend mo from olllco ns Secretary
of War, or tho oxorciso of any or nil
functions pertaining to tho same, or
without such advice and consent to
compel me to transfer to any perbon tho
records, books, paper, and public prop
erty in my custody as Secretary.
Hut, Inasmuch as tho General com
manding the armies of the United
States lias been appointed (til interim,
and lms uotilied mo that bo has accept
ed tho appointment, I have no nlterna
tivo but to .submit, under protest to su
perior force.
To tho President.
Tho suspension has not been revoked,
and tho business of the War Depart
ment Is conducted by tho Secretary ml
interim. Prior to tho date ot this stiS'
pension I had eomo to tho conclusion
that tnotiino had arrived when It was
proper 3fr. Stanton should retire from
my Cabinet. Tho mutual confidence
and general accord which should exist
in such it relation bad ceased. 1 sup
piued that Mr. Stanton was well nd
vl.-ctl, that his coutinunnco in the Cabi
net wns contrary to my wishes, for I
liai repeatedly given hi in so to imder
btantl by every modo short of an ex-pre-s
request that ho should resign.
Having waited full tlmo for tho volun
tary action of Mr. Stanton, nnd see
ing no manifestation on ids part of nn
lntentluiitoreiiin, I addressed him tho
following note on the 3th of August :
Sin: Public considerations of a high
character constrain mo to say that your
resignation as Secretary of War will bo
accepted.
To this noto I received tho following
reply :
Wau Dr.rAHT.MR5r, Wasiiiniuo.v, Ans. 3, Y7,
Km: Your note of this day has been
received, Mating that public considera
tions of a high character constrain you
to say that my resignation as Secretary
of War will bo accepted.
In reply, I havo the honor to say that
public t oii'-lderatloiis of a high charac
ter, which alone have. Induced me to
continue at tho head of this Department
constrain tno not to resign tho' olllio of
Secretary of War before tho next meet
ing of Congress.
The re;.ly of Mr. Stanton was not
merely a declination of compliance
with tho request for Ids resignation i it
was a defiance, and something more.
Mr. Stnnton docs not content bim-elf
with twiniing that public considera
tions bearing upon his continiiatico in
olllco form its fully a rule of action for
himself as for tlio President, and that
upon so dellcato a question us tho llt
uess of un olllccr fur continuance In bis'
olllce, tho olllcer Is us competent and ns
inipaitial to dccldo ns his superior, who
Is responsible for Ids conduct ; but ho
goes further, and plainly Intimates what
he means by "public considerations of a
high character " and this is nothing
less than n lo-s of conlldenco In his sii
I perlnr. Unsays that theso public con
I Mdcratlons havo "alonu Induced mo to
continue at tho head of this Depart
ment," and that they "constrain mo
not to re-ign tho olllco of Secretary of
War befoio tho next meeting of Con
gress." Tho language Is very significant. Mr.
Stnnton hold-, tho position unwillingly,
lie is ready tn leave when It Is safe to
leave, and ns tho danger which ho ap
piehwuds from his removal then will
not exist when Cougre.-s Is here, lie Is
constrained to remain during thu Inter
im. What, then, Is that danger which
can only 1)0 averted by thu pre-eiicn of
Mr. Stanton or of Congress'.' Mr. Stan
ton does not my that "public con-lder-ittloim
of a high character" constrain
him to hold outothooilUeiudellliltely.
Ho does not say that no one other than
himself can nt tiny time be found to
take Ills place mid perforin his dutlei.
On the contrary, ho expresses u doiro
to leave tho olllce ut the earliest mo
ment consistent with these high public
considerations, He says In effect that
while Congrcs Is nwny ho must remain,
but that when Congress Is hero lie can
go. In other words, ho has lost conll
denco In tho President. Ho Is unwil
ling to leave the Wnr Department In
his hands, or lu tho hands of any one
tho President may appoint or designate
to perform its duties. If ho resigns, the
President may appoint a Secretary of
War that Mr. Stnnton doca not upprovo.
Therefore, Uowlll not resign. Hut when
Congie.ss Is In session the President enn
not appoint a Seeretnry of Wnr which
the Senate does not approve. Conse
quently, when Congress meets, Mr.
Stnntmi Is ready to resign. Whatever
cogency them "considerations" may
have had upon .Mr. .Stanton, whatever
right ho may.have had to entertain sucl
consderatlons,whatever propriety there
might bo In tho expression of them to
others, one thing is certain it was offi
cial misconduct to say tho least of it, to
parado them before his Mipsrlor olllccr.
Upon tho receipt of this extraordinary
note I only delayed thoordcrof suspen
sion long enough to inako tho necessary
arrangements to llti the olllce. If this
were the only cause for his suspension
It would bo ample. Neces-arlly It must
end our most Important olllclnl rela
tions, for I cannot Imagine n degree of
effrontery which would embolden tho
head of a Department to tnko his seat
ut tho council table In the Kxecutlvu
mansion after such an net. Nor can 1
Imagine a President so forgetful of the
proper respect and dignity which be
long to his ofllco us to submit to such
Intrusion. I will not do Mr. Stanton
tho wrong to .suppo-u that he enter
tained nny Idea of offering to act as one
of the Constitutional advisors nfterthat
note wns written. Thero was nn inter
val of a' week between that date and
tho order of suspension, during which
two Cabinet meetings were held. Mr.
Stanton did not present himself at ei
ther, nor was ho expected. On tho 12th
of August Mr. Stanton was notified of
his suspension and that Gen. Grunt had
been authorized to take charge of tho
Department. In his answer to this no
tification, of the samo date, Mr. Stan
ton expresses himself us follows :
" Under a sense of nubile duty I nin
compelled to deny your rigid, under the
Constitution nnd laws of tho United
Slates, without tho ndvico nnd consent
oi tno bennto, to suspend mo rrom of
fice as Secretary of War. or theexerclse
of nny or nil functions pertaining to the
same, or without such ndvico or con
sent to compel me to transfer to any
person tno records, uooks, papers and
public- property in my custody ns Sec
retary.' Hut inasmuch as the General
commanding the armies of the United
Slates has been appointed ail interim,
and has notified me that he has accept
ed me appointment., i nuvo no niierna
tlvo but to submit, under protest, to su
perior force."
it will not escapn attention that in
his noto of August 0, Mr. Stanton stated
that he had been constrained to conlin
uo in tho office, even before he wns re.
quested to resign, by consideration!) of a
high public character. In this note of
August 12 a new and different senso of
public duty compels him to deny tho
President's right to suspend, hlni from
olllco without thocon.sent of the Senate.
Tho last Is the publlo duty of resisting
an act contrary to law, nnd bo charges
tho President with violation of tho law I
In ordering his suspension. Mr. Stan
ton refers general ly to the "Constitution
nnil laws of tho United States," nnd
says tbiitn sen-.oof ptibllcduty "under"
thoo compels him lo deny the right of
tho President to suspend him from of
fice. As to his setisu of duty under tho
Constitution, that will bo considered in
tho sequel. As to his sense of duty un
der "tho law.s of tho United States," ho
cortulnly cannot refer to tho law which
creates tho AV'ar Department, for that
expressly confers upon tho President
tho unlimited right to remove tho
head of tho department. Tho only oth
er law bearing upon tho question Is tho
Tenure-of-Ofllco act, pa ed by Congress
over the Presidential veto, March 2,
1SC7. This Is tho law which, under a
sonu of public duty, Mr. Stanton vol
unteers to defend. There !' no provis
ion in this lawjwhlch compels any officer
coming within its provisions to remain
In olllco. It forbids removals not resig
nations. Mr. Slatilon was perfectly free
to resign at any moment, either upon
his own motion, or in compliance with
a request or an order. It was a matter
of choice or taste. There was nothing
compulsory In the untuio of legal obli
gation. Nor does ho put his action up
on that Imperative ground. Ho says
ho acts under a 'Sen-e of public du
ty," not of legal obligation, compelling
him to hold on, and leaving him no
choice. Tho public duty which Is upon
him uri-es from the respect which he
owes to tho Constitution and the laws,
violated In ids own else. Hols, there
fore, compelled by this sonso of public
duty to vindicate violated l.iw and lo
stand as its champion. This was not
tlio first occasion in which Mr. Stanton,
In discharge of n public duty, was call
ed upon to consider tho provisions of
tliut law. That Tenure of Of
fice law did not pass without notice.
Dike other acts, it wns sent to tho Pres
ident for approval. As In my custom,
I submitted Its consideration to my
Cabinet for their advico upon tho ques
tion, whether I should approve, at or not.
It wns a grave question of constitution
al law, In which I would of course rely
mo-st upon tho opinion of tho Attorney
General nnd of Mr. Stanton who had
onco been Attorney General. I'.very
member of my Cabinet advised mo that
tho proposed law was unconstitutional.
All spoko without doubt or rcservat'on;
but Mr. Stanton's condemnation of tho
l.tw wns tho mot elaborate and em
phatic. Ho referred to tho constitu
tional provisions, tho debates lu Con
gress especially to tho speech of Mr.
lluchaiian, when it Senator to tho de
cisions of the Supreme Court, and to
tho usage from the beginning of the
Government through every successive
Ailmlnl-triitlnii, nil cuuciirrlngtoestab
Ilsh the right of removal, as vested by
tho Constitution lu the President. To
till these lie added tho weight of hi
own deliberate judgment, nnd advised
tno that It was my duly to defend tho
power of the Piesident from Usurpation
ami to veto thu law. 1 do not know
when u sense of public duty is more
Imperative upon u head ol department
than uium such uu occasion as this. Ho
nets then tinder the gravest obligations
of law j for when ho Is called upon by
thn President for advice, it Is the Con
stitution which speaks to him. All bis
other duties nro left, by tho Constitution
to be regulated by statute ; but this duty
wns deemed to momentous that it Is
Imposed by the Constitution itself, Af
ter all this, 1 was not prepared for tho
ground taken by Mr. Stanton lu Ids
note of August 12th. I wns not pre
pared tn llml him compelled, by a new
nnd Indefinite senso of public duty un
der "tho Constitution," to nssumo the
vindication of n law which, under the
solemn obligation" of public duty, im
posed by the Constitution itself, he ad
vised tno wn a violation of that Con
stitution. 1 make great allowance- for
it chnngo of opinion, but such a change
as this hardly falls within tho limits of
grent indulgence. hero our opinions
tnko tlio sbtqio of udvlco and Influenco
tho action of others, tho utmost stretch
of charity will scarcely Justify us In
repudiating them when they come to
he applied to ourselves. Hut to proceed
with thonnrratlve. I was so much struck
with tho full mastery of tho question
manifested by Mr. Stanton, nnd wnsnt
tho tlmo so fully occupied with tlio pre
paration of another veto upon the pend
ing Ili-constructlon act, that I requested
him to prepare thu veto upon this Ton-ure-of-Olllco
bill. This ho declined to
do on the ground of physical disability
lo undergo, at the time, the labor of
writing, but stated his readiness to fur
nish what aid might be required in tlio
preparation of materials for the paper.
At the time this subject wns before tlio
Cabinet It seemed to ho taken for gran
ted that ns to those members of tho Cab
inet who hud been appointed hy Mr.
Lincoln, their tenure of ofllco wns not
fixed by tho provisions of tlio net. 1 do
not remember that tho point wns dis
tinctly decided ; hut I well recollect
Hint it was suggested by one member of
tho Cabinet who wns appointed by Mr.
Lincoln, und that no dissent was ex
pressed. Whether tho point was well
taken or not, did not seem to me of any
consequence for tho unanimous expres
sion of opinion against tho constitution
ality and policy of tho act was m deci
ded that I felt no concern, so far as the
net had referenco to tho gentlemen then
present that 1 would be cmbnrmsed In
tho future. The hill had not then be-1
como a law. Tho limitation upon tin
power of removal was not yet imposed,
nnd there was yet time to make any
changes. If any ono of these gentle
men had then said to mo that he would
avail himself of the provisions of that
1)111 in case It became mo a law.
1 should not havo hesitated
a moment as to his removal. No
pledge was then expressly given or re
quired. Hut thero are circumstances
when to give an express pledge Is not
necessary, and when to require It is nn
imputation of possible bad faith. I fait
that If these- gentlemen came within the
purview of the bill it was, as to them,
a dead letter, ami that none of thoni
would ever tnko refuge under Its pro
visions. I now pass to another subject.
When, on tho 1.1th of April, 18(, tho
duties of the Presidential ofllco devol
veil upon me, I found n full Cabinet or
seven members, nil of them selected by
Mr, Lincoln. I mado no change. On
tho contrary, I shortly afterward rati
fied a change determined upon by Mr.
Lincoln, but not perfected at his death,
and admitted his appointee, Mr. Har
lan, In tho placo of Mr. Usher, who was
in ofllce at the time. The great duty of
the tlmo was to re-establish government,
law nnd order In tho insurrectionary
States. Congress was then in recess,
and tlio sudden overthrow of tho rebel
lion required speedy action. Thlsgravo
subject had engaged thoiittentlon of Mr.
Lincoln in tho last duys of his life, mid
the plan, according to which It was to
be managed, had been prepared, nnd
wns ready for adoption. A leading
fenturo of that plan wns that It should
bo carried out hy tho Executive author
ity, for, as far us I havo been informed,
neither Mr. Lincoln nor nny member of
his Cabinet doubted ids authority to act
or proposed to call uu extra session of
Congre.-s to do tho work. Tho first bus
iness transacted lu Cabinet alter I be
came President was nils iiniinisnod
business of my predecessor, A plan or
chenio of reconstruction was produced
which had been prepared for Mr. Lin
coln by Mr. Stanton, his Secretary of
War. It was approved, nnd, nt tho
earliest moment practicable, was ap
plied In tho form of a proclamation to
the State of North Carolina, and ufter
w: ids became (ho ha-is of action in
turn for tho other Slates.
Upon tlio examination of Mr. Stanton
before the Impeachment Committee, he
was asked tho following question :
Did nnv ono of tho Cabinet express a
doubt of the power of tho .executive
blanch of the government to reorganize
Slate governments which hud been in
rebellion, without the aid of CbngrinsV
Ho answered :
None whatever. I Hindi m.Vsclf. en
tertained no doubt of tho authority of
tlio President to tnko measures lor tno
organization of tho rebel States on tho
plan proposed, during the vacation of
i'liiiLTi-ss. nnd nureid 111 tho nlan Miecl-
lied in tho proclamation In the ease of
.Norm utroiinu.
There is, perhaps, no act of my ad
ministration for which 1 luve been
more denounced than this. 11 was not
originated by me ; but 1 shrink from no
responsibility on that account, for thu
plan approved Its elf to my Judgment,
and 1 did not hesitate to carry It Into
ollecl. Thus far, and upon till:, vital
policy, thero was perfect accord between
the Cabinet and myself, nnd 1 saw no
nocessslty for a change. As tlmo pass
ed on thero was developed .in unfortu
nate ilill'erence of opinion and policy be
tween Congress nnd the President upon
this samo subject und upon tho ultimate
Im-ls upon which tho reconstruction of
these States should proceed, especially
upon the question of negro suffrage.
Upon this point tlueo members of tlio
Cabinet found themselves lo bo In sym
pathy with Cougnws. They remained
only long enough to n-e that tho differ
euco of policy could not bo reconciled.
They felt tliat they should remain no
longer, and a high suuso of duty and
proprii ty coiutrtilm.'d them to resign
their positions. Wo parted with mutu
al respect for tho sincerity of each other
in opposite opinions, and mutual regret
that thodHl'oi'oueo was on points so vital
ns to require a sovereuco of official re
lations. This was lu tho summer of 1MHJ.
Tho subsequent sessions of Congress do
volopod now complications when tliu
Sull'rago bill for tho District of Columbia
und the reconstruction uctsof Murch 2d
nnd March la, 1800, all passed over tho
veto. It was In Cabinet consultations
upon theso bills tint a differenco of
oplnioit upon the most vital points wns
developed. Upon theso questions there
was perfect accord between nil the mom
hereof tho Cabinet and myself, except
Mr. Slnnton, Ho stood alone, nnd tho
differenco of opinion could not be recon
ciled. That unity of opinion which,
upon great questions of public policy or
administration Is so os-entlal to tho Exe
cutive, was gone. I do not claim that
the lead of a department Simula havo
no other opinions than those of the
President. Ho has tho same right, In
tho conscientious discharge of duty, to
entertain nnd express bis own opinions
ns litis tho President. What I do claim
Is, that tho President Is the responsible
bead of tho administration, nnd when
tho opinions of tho head of a depart
ment nre Irreconcilably opposed tothoso
of tho President, in grave matters of
policy and administration, thero Is but
one result which can solve tho dlfllcttl
ty, nnd that Is a sovernncoof tho ofllclnl
relation. This, in the past history of
tho government, has always been the
rule; and It Is a wlo ono; for such dif
ferences of opinion among Its members
must impair the elllclency of nny ad
ministration. I have now referred to
tho general grounds upon which tho
withdrawal of Mr. Stanton from my ad
ministration seemed to bo proper and
necessary ; hut I cannot omit to state n
special ground, which If it stood nlonc,
would vindicate my action. The san
guinary riot which occurred in thoCity
of Now Orleans on tbeSOth August, 1800,
Justly aroused public Indignation and
Inquiry, not only ns to those who wero
engaged in it but ns to those, who more
or less remotely, might bo held to re
sponsibility for Its occurrence. 1 need
not remind the Semite of tho eirort made
to fix that responsibility on the Presi
dent. Tho ehargo was openly made,
and ngnln nnd ngaln reiterated nil
through tho land, that tho President
was warned in time, but refused to in
terfere. Hy telegrams from the Lieut.
Governorand attorney Genarnlof Liuisi
tina, dated tlio 27th and 2Sth of August,
I was advised that u body of delegates,
claiming to lion Constitutional Conven
tion, were about to assemble in New
Orleans ; that the matter was before tho
Grand Jury, but that it would be Im
possible to execute civil proce-s with
out a riot, nnd tills question was asked :
"Is tho military to Interfere to prevent
process of Court?" This question was
asked at a tlmo when tho civil courts
were In tho full exercise of their authori
ty, and the answer sent by telegraph,
on the samo 2Sth of August, was this :
"Tho military Will be expected to
sustain, nnd not Interfere with tho pro
ceedings of tho courts."
On the same 28th August tho follow
ing telegram wns sent to Mr. Stanton
by Major-General Halrd.then (owing to
the nb-enco of General Sheridan) in
command of tho military nt Now Or
leans :
ITon. J.'. M. Stanton, Secretary of War:
A convention lias been called with
tho Function of Governor Wells, to.neet
hereon Monday. The Lieutenant-Governor
and city government think U un
lawful and propose to break It up by
arresting t lie delegates. I havo given
no orders on tliosulijcct, but have warn
ed thu parties that 1 could not counte
nance or permit biich action without In
struction to that effect from the Presi
dent. Please instruct me at onco by
telegraph.
Tho28tli of August was on Saturday,
Tho next morning, tho 2!)th, tills des
patch was received by Mr. Stanton at
his residence in this city. He took no
action upon it.undnoithor sent Instruct
tious to General Halrd himself nnr pre
sented it to me for such instructions.
On the next day (Monday) tho riot oc
curred. I never saw tho despatch from
General Halrd until somo ton daysortwo
weoks after tho riot, when, upon my
call for all tho despatches, with a view
to their publication, Mr. Stanton sent it
to me. Theso facts all appear In the
testimony of Mr. Stanton before tho
Judiciary Committeo in tho Impeach'
meut Investigation. On tho .10th, the
dav of tho riot, and nfter It wns sup
pressed, General Halrd wrote to .Mr.
Stanton a longletter from which I nitike
the following extracts;
"Silt: 1 havo tho honor to Inform you
that a vervserlousiiot occurred hero to
day, 1 had not been applied to by tlio
Convention for protrctlon, but the
Lieutenant-Governor and the Mayor
had freely consulted with nie.and I was
so fully convinced that It wns so strong
Iv tho Intent of the city authorities to
pri-sorvo the peace, in order to prevent
military iuterfereuc". that 1 did not re
rrnril nn rintbriMik ns a thlmr to he niv
iireliended. Thel.leul eiiant-Governor
had assured me that even If a writ ol
arrest was Issued by the Court, tho
Sheriff would not uttemyt to serve It
without my permission, and for to day,
they (p-lgncd to su-pemi it.
I lncloe herewith copies of my cor
ii'spondi'iicu with the Mayor, and of a
desiiatch which the Lieutenant-Gover
nor claims to have received from the
Prc-ident. I regret that no reply to my
dispatch to you of Saturday lias yet
readied me. General Sheridan Is still
absent In Texas."
The despatch of General Halrd of tho
28th asks for immediate Instructions
and his letter of tho fflith, after detail
Ing the terrible riot which hadjiist hap
pened, ends with the expression of re
gret that the Instructions which he ask
ed for were not scut. It Is not the fault
or the error or omission of the Pros!
dent that this military commander was
! left without Instructions; but for all
omissions, for all errors, for all fitlluri
to Instruct when instructions might Imv
iiverti-d this calamity, the President
was openly held responsible. Instantly
without waiting for proof, tho delin
quency of tho President was heraldei
In every formof utterance. Mr. Stanton
knew then that the President was not
responsible fur this delinquency. Tho
exculpation was lu his power, but It was
not given by hint to the.piitiluyiiu! only
to the President in obedience to n requi
sition for all the despatches. No one
regrets more than myself that General
llalril's veqtisst wns not brought to my
notice, it Is clear iroiu his ill-spate
and letter, that If lho Secretary of War
had given him proper Instructions,
' the riot which arose on tho assembling
of tho Coiivunliou would bavu been
I averted. There may bo those rondy
to say that I would havo given no In
structions oven If tho despatch hnd
reached me; but all must admit that I
ought to have had tho opportunity.
The following Is the testimony given
by Mr. Stanton before the Impeachment
Investigation Committee as to the des
patch :
11. Referring to the despatch of tho
28th of July by General Halrd, I ask
you whether that dispatch, on its re
ceipt, was communicated?
A. I received that despatch on Sun
day forenoon ; I exumlued it carefully,
und considered the question presented;
I did not uva that I could glvo any In
struction different from tho Una of ac
tion which General Halrd proposed,
nnd inndo no answer to the despatch.
(1. I see It stated this was received
nt 10:20 p. M. Was that tho hour at
which It wns received by you'.'
A. That Is tho tleto of its reception
nt the telegraph ofllco on Saturday
night. 1 received It on Sunday forenoon
at my residence; a copy of tho despatch
wns furnUhed to tho President several
days afterward, along with all the oth
er despatches and communications on
that subject, but it was not furnished
by mo before that time; I suppose It
may havo been ten or fifteen days after
ward. Q.-Tho President himself being In cor
respondence with thoso pnrtles upon
tho samo subject, would It not havo
been proper to have advised him of the
reception of that despatch?
A. I know nothing about his cor
respondence, and know nothing about
any correspondence except thisono des
iiatch. Wo had intoHim-nee of tho riot
on Thursday morning. Tho riot had
ittKen piace on .uonuay.
It is a dltllcult mailer to deflnoall the
relations which exist between the heads
of departments and tho President. Tho
legal relations are well enough .defined.
The Constitution places these olllcors In
tho relation of his advisors when ho
calls upon them for advice. Tho acts
of Congress go further; tako for exam
ple, tho act of 1781), croating tho Wnr
Department.
It nrovldes thnt "there shnll be a
principal olllcer therein, to bo called the
Secretary for tlio Department of War,
who shall perform and execute such
duties us shall from tlmo to tlmo bo en
joined on or intrusted to him by tho
fresident or tno united state?;" anu
furthermore, "tho said principal ofllcer
shall conduct tho business of the said
department in such a manner ns tho
President of tlio United States shall,
from time to tlmo, order and Instruct."
Provision is also made for tho ap
pointment of nn Inferior ofllcer by the
head of tho department, to be called the
Chief Clerk, "who, whenever said prin
cipal officer shall bo removed by tho
President of tho United States." shall
havo tho charge and custody of tho
books, records and papers of tho depart
ment. Tho legal relation Is analagous to that
of principal and agent. It is tho Pres
ident upon whom the Constitution de
volves, as head of tho Executive De
partment, tho duty to see that tho laws
ire faithfully executed; but as he can
not execute them In person, ho Is allow
ill to select his agents, and Is mado res
ponsible for thoir acts within Just lim
its. So complete in this personal del-
gation of authority lu thu relation of a
head of department to the President,
that tho Supremo Court of tho United
States have decided that an order made
by a head of department U presumed to
bo mado by tho President himself. Tho
principal, upon whom such responsibil
ity Is placed for the acts of a subordin
ate, ought to be left ns free as possl
ssiblo in tho matter of selection and of
dismissal. To hold him to tho rospon
lbillty for an ofllcer beyond his control
to lenvo tho question of tho fitness of
such an agent to bo decided for him and
not by him; to allow such a subordi
nate, when tho President, moved by
"public considerations ofa high charac
ter," requests his resignation ; to tu
sumo for himself an equal right to act
upon his own views of "public consid
erations," and to make his own conclu-
Ions paramount to those of tho Presi
dent to allow all this is to reverse tho
Just order of admlulttration, and to
place tho subordinate nbove tho superi
or. Thero are, however, other relations
between tlio President and a head of do
partment beyond theso defined legal re
lations which neces"arily,attend them,
though not expressed. Chief among
these Is mutual confidence. This rela
tion Is so delicate that it Is sometimes
hard to say when or how It ceases. A
"Ingle flagrant act may aid It tit once,
nnd then there Is no dltllciilty. Hut con
fidence may bo Just us effectually de
stroyed by a series of causes too subtlo
for demonstration. As it is n plant of
low growth, to, too, it may bo slow in
decay. Such has been tho process here.
I will not pretend to ray what act or
omission have broken up this relation,
They tire hardly stisieptlhlo of stnte-
meut, nnd still less of formal proof.
Nevertheless, no ono can rend tho cor
respondence ot tho 5th of August with
out being convinced thnt this relation
was effectually gone on both sides, anp
that while the President was unwilling
to allow Mr. Stanton to remain in his
administration, Mr. Stanton was equal
ly unwilling to nllow tho President to
carry on his administration without his
presence. In tho great debato which
took placo In tho House of Depresenta
tlves In 17f0, In the first organization of
tho principal departments, Mr. Madison
spoken follows:
It Is evidently tho Intention of tlio
Constitution that thu first magistrate
should be responsible for the Executive
Department, ho rar, tliereiore, us we
do not make tho officers who utc to aid
htm lu the duties of thnt Department
responsible to him, liu I not respoiwl
blu to the country. Again, I there no
danger that an officer, when he is ap
pointed iiy tlio concurrcuco oi tho Sen
ute, and his friends in that body, limy
chooso rather to risk Ids establishment
on tho favor of that branch than rest It
upon tho discharge of his duties to tho
satisfaction of the Executive branch,
which Is Constitutionally authorized to
Inspect and control bis conduct V And
If It should happen that tho officers con
ned themselves with tho Senate, they
may mutually support each other, and
for want of ellicaoy, reduce tho power
of the President to u mere vapor, In
which cuso his responsibility would bo
annihilated, and tint expectation of it Is
unjust. The high executlvo otllcera
Joined in cabal with tho Semite, would
lay the foundation of discord, nnd end
lu nn assumption of tlio executive pow
er, only to bo removed by a revolution
In tho government.
Mr, Kodgwlck, In tho tamo debate, re-
lXINTINin.UON SI .JO XII 1'IUR.J
l.