VOL. I.-N0.18.
BLOOMSBURG, PA., FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 18G7.
HUGE FIVE 0ENT3.
IJloomsbnrfl Susintyis pmlorii
BTOVEB AND TINWARE.
I Ac nil Ml IZ, ilciilii-lnftnu-i IliiwnrOtnlti
,1 l.,uhn emit house, vlnll
1 M. UrTLIlV, Moves ninl tinware, Hupcrt
4, blutlc. Miillli wot of. Market, M-nll
CLOTIIINa, tie.
DI.OWI.NIiniO, lie-reliant tnllor, Mulii.!., 2.1
, iI.Kir above American house, vl-nll
l W, lllHMhlMLIN. w-hiilcnatciiti.lrclnU.lcnl-.
. it In t'ltlitiit,oU-.i llurjmiiii's building, Mnln
iiTl, vl-nll
DP.U03, CHEMICALS, &c.
I N. Mo Y Kit, ttriigittantnl apothecary, V.x
l t li'iiiK' hie k Main ht, vl-nll
p t MMY. ilrutf-Jltt n iv I npotheenrv, Uupert
lit Mock, Milti nt weit of Market. vMitt
CLOCKG, VATCIIES, &o.
OATWAHT, wiUliandehnk maker, Maiktt
I oris IU:itNllAltlt. wntch ninl elork maker,
Ijtlt U--'-Hllu is! C .'iltT M.llMIltl.l IloUMft,l-lH.
a V..
it jvwt-lry
AVAHi;, dealer in dock", uiiicliPH and
Main it. in ally uppMte American
vl-nll
M. Hll V h mi loemaker.Malnstiect
up HMtl.' lm llcill lioilio, Vl-lllt
1 MOM. 1.1)1, It III HUlfilclllHT Atnlth-ulrr Illliii'tlH
A uiiil Ut s.M.iiimI., opposllt l'plneopal ( hureh
Vl-tlll
N.MiY K.I.1.1 M. in iiniftirtiiti r and itinUr In
hoot all. I mi it M, KrUCt-rlOH t tC, Jnt lllf MiUfsi.
I.tiiii M an ni. J-nt I
DAVID Itl.l', boot ninl tdmcmaker, Mnln M.,
below lliu iiu.in'.i lore, went of Market nt reel,
vl-nll
PROFESSIONAL.
i I Si Ik I. Khun'V surgeon dentist, let t It extract
1 wimoui p-itn, m
il wMhotii ii'iln.
t iIhi 'ij il t'itim h.
nearly nntioHitc
vl-nl'l
11. M KMA'Y, M. 1. Hiirni'on ami plijKhlun
t) south side Muln hi., below Market, vl-nll
i It I.V NH, M, 1). wirtfcnn ntul ihyhlcJun Huilh
J dde Main H'k,v Market, vl-nl!
r l. Itl ITl It, M. 1. mirgt'oii und l'hyli'l,iti,
) Mmki't nt.,tih.mi Mnln, Jtil.l
It. II. II(Vi:K.AurKeontl(fntNl,Mu1n Mt.(
uljvouaul liuusi vinlt
D
MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS.
l.I..li: lSAllKMIY, milliner,
hiulluln, Muln mi.
Ilamt.v
vMil.l
, 1). Wl.ltll, nmcy coihIh, niitlou, Ixinks,
Jl KiulKjiKTi , ui.rtli nldu Main Nlri-ct hrlow lHr
M I. MHI
1'KI'r.ltMAN, iiilllHicry fancy k'khH np
'j itllit l.pNcnpnt rhlllrti, Muln Kl. vliilt
MM. IIM A. .V KMIII llAltKI.r.V, Iwllrs
t luitks an I cli't's-4 imlti'rnj, nnuthciiNt come r
Mnln tml wrstst. vlnll
rpjlK MIkhi.s IIAIIMAN, inlllrncry ninl f.un v
1 ftHHiK, Mnln Hln el Just Ih-Iiiw Amrrli'un Iihum',
vl-nl I
M1N. M. II, I'llllMAN, Itillllni-r. Mnln t., In-low
llurlinun'M htnro, ui nt uf Mi.rkcl si. l-nll
intltcn. rv utnl funcv
opposite Coiilt llousc. Nt'till
Mi-- m in nun k-i
:ilU"'ils .'.!:
HOTELS AND SALOONS.
I ! 1' m i K,o-ii.r uii'l (iillin; Million, Amerl
1 1 u Jlriif, (mii Kt., Itull7er U-ikikR Mipeiiti
t n k'ni, v 1-n I.j
U'H'MUII A .lAi'ullV, iircilonry, Imkery,
I I - i -1 i d'T s.ilu in, m I i'ii i' . ill mid letnll,K
1 1 ink'' blotU, Muln ht. ln U
1 iX iV WKIIM, i-oiifccildiif ry, Imkr ry, ninl hvm
1 Iff Milimu, lioliNitlo mnl retail, Mnln st , Just
1.4 low Intn. vl-ntt
iixciiwii: imn:u iy .1. r. (Miwvr, Main
W st., t.pole eolirt lmiw. VllH I
4 M!:itH'N Ilnrsi:, liyJuiiN I.kaom-k, 5!ln
A , (i'! nrjnui wtreei. i-mi
tiv il. V. M M'UKit, wit rnd of
1 ft
p CO 1 1 S'l it, ri'fr"linunt nlnon,Muln 8t..Juht
1), tilM (oitrtkoUM', 1'lUt
1 I'. CASlJtW, Iffieslilin lit wiUmhi, KxelinnKn
t U iti-I, I iwhoii '.iIifiitn,Miii-iliilcinleiit vl-nll
t 1. (UI.I.Molti:, M-rn-slii.u-nt Miloon, HIi1o'n
I; south hIiI' Mnln t, Vl-nll
MSKCEANlf, GKCCEKS, &e.
i; .1 A i Ol K i t.i'if rtl 1 1 r . M
ii huImm Cnurt Iluiic,
trki etc. Muln
vl-nW
O II.MIIJ.nt,
I A
lijtltr In tlrv
r,tt' i imuttle llnlii.MlI, Mini's
itttlue liini It. Main sd t,
KrtM'crlcs,
notion, etc
vl-nll
M
ICI I VV M M. A f . ill Jt' in lry kmm1
I'Kiu-iirs Jk-iii, iti-.. Mtlt, lii-h, ium, imllK,
, inn tin r-i in in 'i Mi' In it tul Jtuikft ht, vl-nl I
House
l Muln
v-Inti
t l.iAN ilt-iilerln elmhi
A U- i J. (.niMfH. fit nil Jill it i
ll! tl.MI.N,
HI1(lHlt il'
i r.
IT (' lit 1 li. liiitsiiiiil eat
U l!i' ii M., i,ltoe (nit limine.
crl s mill x in nil mm-liuinIlM'
Ut -t. vMill
lioots mid shot"
l-nll
uriHiilt'. IkmiIm.
UupiH l)!rek, Muln ft., urst )
Ji 1'. MMtlE.tlrt unmlsHliil ltutliitlV. hntltllWest
. eorm r iiiln nmt I run his. l-nll
r I. HIMiU'l If drv L'iio.li. iroeiTli s. itc noilli.
J. went (Kiner Miiliiuinl Irtm fls. vl nil
Ml.V. A. IIAI1TMA.V. dry lmmwIs, notion, ninl
li ;tr.n'ci Mnln ontMiillo I !tl"('(iniil rhim II.
l-nH
If II. Ill' Hi i I It, (UL-nt,) L'io.rrles, lulim-
II. in it i ii 1 confi'i tion.ir. Aliiln nt.. lit'low Aim r
iii limise. l-nll
OA. ttl'A IvI.t-,Kejhtont'hIioi'Klote,iooks mid
. Nt'itlmttH't . bimtluri'st i-ortii't' Miirkt't mid
Mlllll htH. l-llll
Tit A A A M 1 It ASM I Si. COIlffftioiK rit'K. -Mlllll
ii.. just niiovi- conn iiouhu, vi-nn
(Dranflei'illf Sii'ccioai.
iirdrnn,
vMl 17
lHK'K Hori':ii nnd rcfrrf.liimnti-nlnon.liy li
llt. (i.A..Mi:UAimEI.,rhlclniininl nuricrnii.
1 .Minn si., ni'xi noor in ui
I) mi I Muininii.cnrni-r nfMalnnml rinanl.vlniT
fJWAN IIOTl:!., the uplicr lioino liyjnlin Hny
O iter, Muln ptnlKJVe l'llu'. Vllil7
Dls. HI.OA N, tlMtler In ilry koo.1i, Krnrwlrn,
t lntulHT-nlHI gcncrol McrrlmlidlHu Muln Rl.
VI-IUT
rpllllMAH lircKI.K. miUII.Milnl llullirsi mulirr
I Mnln ft.. ulm utlie Hwnn IIolcl. V.tl7
f II. MM ITl I, iiiHtuifiii'ltirrror tin Miiruunil
Il . ilt'ulcr In hluvcR i'tctl Muln fl,, nbovc thn
Hwnn llntrl, VI-IH7
C!AMCi:i. r.vi:iuriT, mupgiit
O.Mnln Hln 1 1.
Apotlircnry,
vl-nl
l A II. V. rot.r.MA.V, Mi-n-lmnt Inllor nn.l
A. Ili-nr rnrnlililng kooUb,. Mnln t., next iloor
to the brkk liolcl, vlM7
hi., Iiffow l'liie.
MS. lIAVIH'llsT,clnck,AVntiln9 nniKluns
, rr-pulri'il. Oiiiii und WuU-Iich lor mile, Mnln
TAMIXII. IIAIIMAN, Cnlilliet Mukir.linil tin
tl uiTlnlipr. Muln Ml., fjelow l'lne. vl-n!7
MK'HAP.l.t'. KlXI.KIt.t'niihTttoni ry, 0itTn
Ac. ir.,on I'lnuMt., Iirlwt'i'li Muln ulul llll.
Vl-1117
HII. A i". KIll.iIH.Nr.lt, llliicksmltliH.im Mill
. !stH''t, ni-iir l'lnc. VI-MI7
' M.tTfTv Ml 1 1 . 1 .1 IM I, Hln .i iiuiki riinrrinnnnf.i?"-
tuurof llrlik,MlllMI.,hiMlorriiii3 vlnl'J
I.M.I AS KNYIH'.K. l'lolir ninl
Ii ili'iilirln igrnlii. Mill sum I.
(II M Mill, lin.l
l-n 17
1 DAM srll-YI.i:it. Iron
i mnl Miinuliictlilcr of ploM
tnniiili'r, Mu lilnMi
MIIIMt. I -11 17
!I,r.S A. WILLIAMS A. I'o.lnnmrsnlul Mini,
urui'lnn rn.f 1. ntliir, Mill Mrtft. M-H17
lllll.N' l;i:l.l,i:lt, limit unit Miiinntikir, l'llu
I Mrecl, opposltn tlio ArinH lily I-Ill7
11. II:IU!IN(I,V llllOTIHIt. (iirpililirsiinil
HiiIIiIits, Mnln Hlroi'l, lu low I'lni', vl-n 17
yA.MIII'.L M. I'HIINTISS, Wl. rlnnry MiiKion.nl
O tlif llrk-lc lloli'l, corner or Mnln unit 1'lno sis.
Vl-1117
A,
l)i;Ti:U I NT, denier In dry woods
I tlottr, fef.l, halt, fl"li, Iron, nulK
un wet les,
te., I.ljiht
reel, i-nt i
VI I flAi fit I uiuni fiiirt uTTr "itnd deiriTrltV
1'outs mid hlioeH. t-nli
1 TKHWIMilUr.lt, t'ublnetmalur,
I iind.L'htilrninkcr.
tTndertnker
vl-n.U
P 1. KlIMiKY, llliicloniltli(iKMlli' l""'t oillce,
II OMAN A
fi lllU heliUOl lutlLiC,
Wheelwrights, ilrtt door
V 111 1 (J
lis. i KI.lSKi mlliencry and fancy (HdM.
M
1 V. SANKI1Y, ilenler 111 I'ntlicr, Hides, llnrk.
,1 ite. I'n-li piild for HIiIck. l-nli
f.M. M, J INT, dealer lu tocs and tin inro In
alius urauciies. vin
Jcriifu JCoii'ii gireclori).
I N'DHKW MA1IISON, denier In dry linod. Kro
i cerleH, Krnln, IninluT imc, ,li-rse iim n vl-n m
I Al'dll A. sVYISilLU, denier In
,1 nunc
lil ies. Lcntlier
Mudlsnll lounsliln Ciilulnbl.i ei unity
Vl-lllli
n Mi.Vlil VM II. .m.tittrtil Ktoi-lc nf meicliflll
l'i ill.oiin.l tin, ).,.) . iiriwr nf Miilti Htlftlind
J.erwlek mud. vl-nU
t .1. IMlimiNH il.-nti r In dr inoN irrcorleM et
1 MiiieHtilodcMaitlKl., lielowlion Vl-nlt
1 k'. (IMtloS. nron-rlcH A l'rovlMlons. HOtith-
J. a-t i otiiiT Mnln and lion HtrreK Vl-lill
MISCELLANEOUS.
I) H)i ilr.I'ItO l.l'Mlir.lt 111., innniif.uliireM
r nut ili.nli-rs In I.lllillier. ctt nil klnd. nlulnlnu
mill mill' tliti inll-ri.a.1. vMllil
-I. llllil.rMAN.iiinldleiinil lmrneiH milker,
iteaf soiilliMchl corner aiuui unu muiki-i si.
W-nll
H OTELS AND SALOONsT
O N (1 1' O N 1) II o t i: u.
i iik unuer'iiiiiei iihvihk icasp.i ami re-iuriu--ii
edlnKoml stjiii tlt aliow U-kiiH n House,
Hltuale
a ?.i u n (i t ii j; m o u t a i n h
In MielinnterHof I'olunihlfiiiud Hulllvali eoiinllef .
In on of t ho most lieautlful and lu'itlthtiil leiilotiH
in llie Mate; is limy prepureil lu iieeointiiouaio
vivuoi-M aim hiyuurne rs
W1TU TIIUIK rAMILIKS.
'llml'oiid and strrutiiM aie well htoikeil with
dcltelous (iiti or many Kinas iticiuuiiiK
T H O IT T A ' li !' I K II,
Mid Iio.iIh In n'l'l order will li kept for llieae
(oiiinmd.aion and unitiseiueiit ot tnsls. eltliei
lor ilshlut! or pleastiicexetirHkons upon I his leaii
IIIUI MK'Cl oi Oilier tvnirii it
HKVlIUAli MIUIS IN KXTIINT.
Miirroiiiidi il liv mi -L-xleiislvo l'orcst. there Is atlor-
tied lo tho ImiitsiiiHli a hplendid Held fur his on
peculiar hpous, una cieici-c -iiiu ins
1 t t) A N l O V N.
ItU lju,I..f ultl Im ulnvk t,nililid With lllf
lelie.ic-loi ol UiuMuvon : and his liar oKH-kt d with
I'UKK l,na ous. uiu Jloiihu is laieaiKl eouna
MOI14 t I ho .sin iii nit; ivit imii! ami h.lle.
'ri..ii..it... iu i.. .1 tif.i., u..v l tuilnts mi
inn I'.iooiiiM an u A. l.iiLifau liniiiL luuii oun : auo ih
u rpl-t.ndld phu-o to jiusm the hot months of Mini-
I in r. jfi iv jj.y i ii i' ii j i
M.iy 17, 1M17-1II).
E
XC11ANUK JIOTKL
inu liink-iMuned huMliir taiiehased this well
Kuounmid eeiitriilly-liK'Hied litiubt, lh! l.xt'hune
MOM J h U.O U ON .11 Ol lll.lVi , 111 llllHJIIIIIUUIKi
Imnudl.iteli oppoiUHthe Coiunihia County uouri
HoiiM' ifhnecttiillv Intoinih hit irk-nds aiul the
public in K'inrnl 1 1 u.v his house Is now In order
lor uie reeepuoii ami eiiici uui"m UI ol liueuer'
wlin iiiii In tlfsiHiM'il to l.inr il v.flli their I'llv
torn, lie has h pa ted 110 fpinsi lu pietiarlnt; the
l.ichuii'i lor the en eltinm-iciii ni his L'lieMH.
in-IllaT hhall Iheiti l anyiidiu; unntin-1,011 his
naitM't miutn r 10 incir pi ihouai eouiion. iu
iuiiisi' Is hpaclotiK, and euJos an excellent oU"!
uchs lix'alloii.
4iiiioll.iiss-.i-4 run nt nil Mini's lntwefii the l.v
cli.mu Hotel and the ailo srallioad ih-potx. hy
which tiaeller will bo pleasaull (oneyfd to
and Innn tho res-pi-ctlt hlallons indue tlnu- to
mret ine eain. jwii. i-. 1 t .
inooni'liitii:, Mnreh 10,
THE COLUMBrAN,
1H 1 ritLlSMJ.n KVK11V rUIDAY MOIlNINd AT
UMKtMMU 1KJ, Pi:NNA.
TI I II prlnclplff of Ik p-iper an of the Jelferhon-
Inn School of iollliei. Thoae prtiu lpleri will neve
be compromised, $ ettnurtPHy mid klndesH lmU
not ho fon;'tteii In dNi usvlnglhctn, whether with
Individuals, or with cnntempor.11 leu of the l'ress
Tim unity, liupplneM.Htul irosperlty of tho coun
try Is our nt in mid object j und ni tho means to
Hecurolhat, wo hall labor honestly mid earnestly
for thoh.miiony,fi.eieninnd growth of nur orjran-Nation.
TkumhopHUIisc ninioNi Two dollarn a year
If paid In ad mice, lfttotpalil In tvhniu-e two
dollars and llfly icnl will bclnarlabli eliarjicd.
Teh ms or Aivliiti ici i One fc'iiiate (tt n llnr
or lf!s oneor thno Insertions $1,J tach ijiiHC
(pnm Insertion ,' cents.
KI'At'K. IM,
HEL'RESEXTATIVE REFORM.
Speech of Hob, C. R. Bocfcilew,
JkUvcrcd in the Assemble lulhUwj$
Philadelphia TtmtUt Jftcnhw,
Xomntcr J IV, 167.
Tho Defects of our Electoral System.
Who Oumttlutlvo Vote.
Its Necessity and Advantages
&.C, A.C. AC.
One "itiaro
rwosipiarcM
'I brro vqtmteH..,
I 'our hip.imc..
Half milium
Oik eohuiin
,. .1,1 )
.. .V'
.. l,"i
,. HV-0
. !:.
2m.
t,IM)
7,1 W
l",1ll
"M.
tM, V.
S'.'O
'J
jaO
1 1,'M
l,")
lUn iitor' and AUmlhlttriUorV Notice SV". An-
lltor's Notlco JV1 Other advcrtNenients Inst r-
ted aceoidlns to upeelal eontrnct.
IkisinrtjsnotlccN, without adOTtI.SLtiif-nt,tH
cents per line.
Transient advertisement pajaule lnatUatue-
all othcis iluo nur the flrvt Invertlon.
Crf U Is, lu alt catpf, more likely to bo Hallif.ie-
tory, ljolh to mbticriliers and to the luIdMierf
thai n nilttanccsand all communications respect
tin the bttslncRSof the p-U'Cr, be sent direct to the
olllcpfif publication. All letlerrt, whether n-latlti:
to the editorial or bti dm-ss concerns of the paper,
anil all pnytnetits for subscriptions, whet thing,
tr Jobtilnj?. mo to bo mideloand addressed
imocKWAV a rm;i:,i:,
"ihlitmbinn Ojjlcr,"
ItLOOMSHLMtfl, 1'A.
Printed at r.oblson's nulUlim;', near thu Court
II'Mlse, bv ('has. M. VASPKItSUrK,
1knk It. HNinrii.
BUSINESS CARDS.
joit
L PlUNTINO
Vently i-xeentcd lit Mils Olllci-
M. IVKI,UC,
A Till UN I-: V-A T- Ii A W,
Ashland, Schulklll L'otinty, I'eiiii'a.
M. K- ,AC'K,sox'
lU-rwk-k, Columbia Counly, IViiu'h.
THAL'CJII,
A T T O II X r. Y - AT- I. A W,
HcrwUk, foiuniM.i I'ounty, return.
"yvr n,F,nFn . a hhott,
ATTOItSi: Y-AT-I. A V
c.
CLNTllAI.IA, l'A.
VF, .MTlil.i:!!,
ATTIIHM'.Y AT LAW,
J'cllow-Citkau of tie City of VhlUuht-
Yon lias'o hail stiUoit to you tlio clr
cuinslniitrs iimlcr which I npiiunr In
your presence to speiiU upon tlieiuhjoct
of ruprcMMitutlvu reform. Without
nny Ititroiluctory reiniirki, without
iiAiisIni; to tarry over preliminary top
ics, I Mmll proceeil to the wuhject mat
ter of my discourse.
Ours is sulil to lie a government of
the people, meaiiiii"; hy that term tho
whole electoral body with whom the
rldhpof MiirniKo Is lodged by our Con
stitution. The people coiiHlderrd lu
tills .icii-e tin; sahi to rule them-clvc,
and our r-yl(m Is therefore described
as one of self ;ovenimeiit. Tlm-ci who
urn bound by the laws are toenact them.
I'ower is lu tlie first lii'tance everted
by them, utit! obedience yielded after
ward. All rc-ts uiion their voluntary
tisent, and upon tlielr free action, and
114 It is InitKiislljIc that thewholo mas-s
of tho political community nhotild as
M inble tnjretlicr lor the imrposu of en-
nctliiK or tiKreclnp; upon those rules of
conduct which are to mini tno citizens,
and as It would be Impossible lor such
an enormous body, oven If It were con
vened, to act with convenience, or lo
1 act at all, we, like the people of other
countries, in lurmer nines, imvo resort
ed to what is l.-nown as tint representa
tive aye tern.
l rom thn impossibility ol eonveninz
ourselves together to deteniiiuo tho-u
reat tuiestloiis wliich ncrtaiii to tlieno-
litical and social body, and about s Inch
governnient Is employed, wo have
determined to select from ainonirst our
selves a certain niiuibcrof persons with
wiiom snail ne mugcd an our powers
connicted with legislation and with
government, and whatsoever they .shall
iseieiuiiue sunn no 10 us unit to an men
within our borders the law of Individu
al conduct.
ell. now. irentlemen. In exccutlm:
tliOKy.Htem of rvjiresentutivGgovcrmiiciit
tue manner 111 wnien inu agents 01 tno
people shall be selected becomes In the
highest degree. Important. Althuucli
by our tlieory, nlthoUKh by our fuiida
menlal prlnclpl" of eli-iovermnent
by thu people, all tho p 'ople are to be
represeiueu in tno inaKiii"; 01 laws, in
the administration of government, in
point of fact wo have not attained to
this result. Wo have fallen short of it
in our arraiiL't inentu. and hcuco it Is
that men of intelligence- and of sagaci
ty, driven to their conclusions by thor
ough examinations and by1 full inquiry,
have bren compelled to declare that
our system is Imperfect, and Imperfect
to Mien an extent mat inu quaiuy 01 our
government is atlectcd, ami many per
nlcloiH tilings have palce lu its admin
istration. Instead of thero being under the rep
resentative svstem ns It Is known
among us, a representation of the en
tire electoral uouy, 01 an tno imiivmu
om.s. wiiii 1:. 11.
Jnlnlni! 1'nht oilliv.
IVllslons collei-tcd.
Utile. Ill lirlik lilill.llln.' ml
1- limintlcs, ll-ick-l'iiy nnd
joiiN o. fhi:i:zio
Annus i:y-
A T-
L A W,
Ol'.Iee In ltiKlstir mnl Iteeorder's olllee, In th
husi-inent of llic iv.lut 1 louse, nioolnsbniK, l'n.
A ITU It N I'. Y-A T-I. A W
Olllee corner of Main nnd Murket streetH, oer
rimt Nntloiuil llnnk, ItloonislmiK, l'n.
11. h I T T li K,
A T T O It :; I'. Y - A T -1, A W,
on Mnln strei t, In lnkk Imlklin below !
E.
ome
Court House
C.
lllooiiisbuiir, pa,
!. I!HO(JK WAY,
ATTOHN'KV AT LAW,
IILOOMSIU'IIO, l'A.
Coiilt Ifdlise Alley, lelow llln
flail TOT
r-l)KUii:
lll.illmin tulle
C"
I, I' Jt a I A 11 O U 8 K,
ft W,SNY1U:H, liurdwiire, cutler, Ellin", fit
KJ, Mlllll H below iron.
1-nl'i
1 W1TMAN, ninrlile work.,
A. cHirner Muln and Murket Mn,
ft W. folin.l
VI, lilllk on M
I) II. Ill -,'UI.
II, melnl.
nuir HinilliHiKt
l-nn
r.iF.iUiii,, iniiiuu (tirtu. utorv
M'ahiht., rd of Mmliet hI. M-ni-t
n ilnifr In iilan-is. or 'ins and
ms.utO, W'.OondrNrurnlturo room a
1-11(7
Jl J, i Ulll.t IU.1, Willi l',f ti
'j. nnd UMtirtH, Huperl block, Main l.
window Kbrt'leR,
iiyeiit for (lroeri Hakcr'H
IHIIIU
vl-nll
IIxthaiiKC
in It t U'I'1-Ilsl
I .Niw'iiiu mathlne, Main Ht.( Hailimin's build
IIU, Up hlMll-,
it iHurVsTni'k'. iihnfomiiiihi
JI, block, Main ht opposite court htaiMe, l-uH
1 77moAHT, pholoyiiiidier, tlartniair tmlld
) inHiiorthutMcoriicrMalmind Markets!, vl-nll
w iNiitntvu iL.iuir 1 1. nlnr kfcnml ilfitir front
1101 1 hwem, loi'iii r Main and lion h(m, vlnU
u imiTiiv ini.ii.,.iiiinii ninl lMi1r In htove
coal. Main ht or iioslto tourt house, vl-nll
1).
I'llAl Of'K. Nolnry l'lllille
Muln mid Murket st,
noitheiiHt corner
vl-nll
IIUIN A.l'UNM'ON'. mnlniil nnd euli rnten fln;
,1 nnmiici!coui).iiny,iinrtlicuslciinicr,MHlnaiid
Wi.iki. vl-nll
lll.HNAllll SJTOHNi:!!.
IUM.M1 I.itilv luiielinsed ninl tilted up the
uill-knoiui ItuUlsou Hotel riopirly.loenliilH
1 kw noons Aiiuvr. Tin: corur noi si:,
on llics.ilnn skin of tho fclreet, In the town of
Uloouishui-u; mid IlllNllli; oblltlncd 11 lleenso for
tile sunie usu
n : S T A U H A X T ,
tho I'roinletor liUHdeternilned tn KIM' In tin) peo
ple Isltlin; thn town on business or pk-ilslire,
A LITTLE MDIli: UOO.M.
lllshtubllnsnlsnls cjttenslve, mnl Is jltted up
Input biiKi!leiiiideurrlni!elul)i"ilr.v. lie proni
Iscsthut ccrylhlninboutliNcsinbllsliiiicnl shall
Iw tf.ii.lut-t.nl In mi onlerly mnl IiiMlulinalineri
and lie lenpecllully solicits n shale "I tin public
pulronUKi'. 'i''1"'.
776HK',s"iun'Ki.,
cir.oit(in w: MAUor.it, iTnprittur.
'JhoulHivn well-known hotel tins recently under
cone rudleiil 1 hauKi-H Iii It Inlernul Brrtiniscuieuifc,
ull.t Its proprietor aliliouuees tn his lol mer euslnni
mid Hit- triiM-IIInu public Unit lilsneeonio-liitlon,
fur thecouilort of hWKiiests are second tn none lu
thn 1 until ry. ill tnl.lt' will ulwa 8 be found sup
plied, not only with huhstniitl.il food, but with all
fhn ,t..ll,-iol,.siif the sensoti. Ills wines and li
quors (except ihnt popular heverar. known us
'McJinru"). purclmsed dlret-i from the ltnHrtlrw
liouses.mn ciiiiieiy pure, 1100 .i-.- ..... .. i--.-snnnusilrUKS.
He Is thankful for n liberal pitron
f 1 1 IT I II I Ml . "I.WIHIK
1 ft K KWAX IlOTKl.,
1 Till: ltl-1-Flt uot-stt,
OIlANflHVILI.i:, COLUMIIIA CO., l'A.
ibsnibserllier resiH-rtfully Infortm his fi lends
mid the public, thnl lit- has taken tin iiIh.m-well
Known lli.usi' 01 i.niiriiiiiiii.ini, ni... ... -
ilease.1 10 ieeeie inu t-iisioiu m u .. .....
nvnr him Willi n call,
UK WILL KKKP A (iOOI) taiili:,
nllnr well stuekeit wlih tho best nf LUiuoi, and
TV etllirl will be nuidft in ll-nnfr iiiiie s ins-
fartlon, JOHN HNYllLll.
OrilUKi'Vllie, I'll., .illllcn 11, isiit-ini.
TXCIIANHK SALOON,
I UK 1 ri'pilt mr 01 ,n t-.tiiiitijiv-.-i.."".. ....
on lnnd a large stock of
HUMMMt HKl-'Itr.SIIMI-:NTH,
t'Olislstlllll of
SI'KTl) 0STKIIS, SA1III1MS, TRIPK, nol.OUMA
HIIKfl' ro.SIIVK, I10II.MI I.OLS, HWHTZEK CIltBSK,
hAOKIl HKRIt, AI.13, AC.
r i-OMi; oni:, roMK all a.nmi bi:i:. i
LAWSON CALM AN.
hupfliuluidcut,
IllnonishurK, May 8, 1SCT.
A.
nl'tiltl'll IIAKSUltT. innnufiK tnier olid repillr.
VI l-rof nriethliuj luachlms, I belnniriin uiisy.
11. nr Mini nil Sh' loluullV. U1I.I
I H. KtlllN, dellh-r III meat tullow, ele., I neni
1 herllll'sillley, hai-A nl Alurilvnn house, vl-u
11 pMitsiiti.i. ..i.ii.. tniiiU ninl harnet.
maker. Jluln si., below lourt, Iu.um, vl-iiio
iAMtli:i. JAi'Oliv, HaiWe mid llrownStmi;
p- Work,IiitinooinliurK,llerleltroad. vlu)7
v. Tl.rilr.N KNiilllt. llluckkiullli, North-wtt
T ei.ini-rol Mnln mnl Westsitlcet. vl-1117
1 I ns. I ll, (Hue .Mul.ir.und WhlUund funoy
m om:n
Iluvlin; lollswed the piofi-sslon of rublle Vi n.lue
rier inr iniinv enrs, wouiu iniorni ins . i.
Init bo Issllll lu thn tleld. icn.lv nnd wlllinK lo
nl t. ml tr. till the duties of his cnlUnf. !' rson
il. slrluit his ken Ices khiillld Cllll or wrlle lo him
at nioonikbuiK, IM. Iinius it.
-rj)It. W. II. HUADI.KY,
ll 'lie .ssisiiini iuciiiciu I'liccu.i t . c .i ij .
1'lIYf.lf'I AN AMI 81'KIIKll.t,
r,v-Olllee al the house opposite s-hlve' illisk,
Ibot.iusbuii;, I'll,
ills piuliiptlyntti tided in both iilahliinn tuiy.
Ill isbm:, .Lin. I, sf,7.
C ('. s ii i v i:,
.......... .........
t A II I 1. 1 .1 Is 1. 11 .
AM) HIAM'I'AUrilhU 11V HT1IAM nr
SASH, I,1NI)S, DOOltS,
H II II T T i: U si, -M O II I. 11 I X ! H,
WINDOW rilAJUCS, AC.
MAIN siiii:ct,
IILOOMSIU'IIO, l'A.
-luiio m, i7.
rpiIK ICSl'Y H0TK1.,
isrj, 1-ui.u.iiiii a ttj.s i. i
A,
Tin: sulterlber r.-kjiei I hilly InrnimaliU frlvtulf
nnd tho public, that lie lias taktn the abnie well
knnwii llnusti of r.iitc imminent, and will be
illlM.ll tlintsti til J.lllll lllllini. .ii. '" "... -
plenkiil to r t it-1 mi l lie t-ukli-iu ol nil wuu win
favor nun wnn it t-nii,
nr. will ki:i:p a (loon taiii.k,
a Uar well stiK-ked with the hot of Lliiuom, mnl
every etlort will be ininle to lender enure siiIIn-
hi.-. ...... . ..--....
t:py, l'n., April l'i, ls!7.
TVI'.ltY Customer mnv ho suro of
1 i (Jnod fit UrU0tlUllUKMUEUI.lN' ('lull!'
it. noiij.sfix,
A T T I ) It N I', -i - A T L A W ,
m.ooMsiii:p.n, i'r...N'i,
Odlce In Uniimrst's lsult.lll.tr. Muln Wrt. t. W.-sl
if tin. American House. Inijili .
u t; t i o x r. i: it.
COl'l .MAN,
s
COLLINS,
1' A H II I O N A II I. K
SllAVINO, II A I It CUTT1NO
AM.
SIIAMI'DUINd HA I.roN,
t)tr Wliinuiyer & Jau.b.i s lie Crenin r-uusui,
lILUOMMIirilU, l'A.
Hall littlliK tHKt Wlilskelk inloieil blriik nr
inwn. Hair '1 mile lo tit Hint ilamllllll and beau-
lln IliK the hull 1 w III l. Moic hair tollsorimn.il
oloi-without mlllm: ll.e llntt lulilc, innklanlly
on buiid. lnpru.7.
JI, Alt! MAN. C. II. IIII-I IMU I'.. K. II. llsTMtS.
UTMAN, 111 LLlNl.l.ll iv CO,,
A1
:tis.
Nil, V.MM1IITII lllllll. STIUl.r,
.'enl e-p'i.l J.nurt, A'.nf, An.if.f .1 Cli.)
luilenile Heillcis In
YAltNM. IIATTIMI. WAI'IUN", fAIII
oil. 1 1 on.-, stiAi'i-s, ri.r mis,
CHAIN JIAIi", niliHAOi:, At'. Al.HO,
WILLOW ANI WI'Ol'llN WAltH,
bill SHI'S, TIIU.M.S, l-OOKINII UI.ASSKS, KTI'.
Mav HI. NI7-1V.
rAUT.MAN & LNdKLMAN,
TOIIAIXO, HNUIT & Hl.flAU
MA.NI'rAl'IOHV,
Mi. 31.1 Mil: 111 lllllU'srilKI T,
Hecond 1 lour Is low Wuisl,
I' II I I, A 1) r. I.l' li I A.
J, V. WAIirSt.VN. H, 1'. I'.MIKLHAK,
A LL KlniU of Iteady Mado Clothing
S allow Hi:ures nl Ciii.miii iii-in's fh.liilun
wore, llnitiiii.i. ' block, lilisiumburt!, I'a.l'i-am.
LL KINDS OK JOB I'lllNTI.Mt
n.-ullv enetul.j lit THK t;ot.UlUlAJI IKIW.U1
rMutiiigOillce.
als who conmose it. there Is in fact
representation of only a part, In other
word", representation, Instead of being
complete and eo-extentlvu with all those
wno are to lie reprcsenieu, nun who are
to be bound by tho action of govern
ment, is partial and restricted to a part
alono of tho political body.
Well, gentlemen, in the infancy ortho
carlvstiurcHof tlieirovcrnment.an imper
fection of this kind may bo permitted or
overlooked. tno aiiairs oi society,
when they are not complicated before
tho community lias necomo rien, no
fore its ullalrs, social anil political, be
eomo involved and intricate, may ad
niitof vcrv rude and ImDerfectarranL'e
incuts, and yet (ho people may bo well
governed, the laws may bo Just and
wholesome, nnd administered lu the
proper spirit and with complete success,
lltit. as wealth necumulnles, ni popula
tion becomes dense, and great cities
grow up, us vices are spreau turoiigii
the social noily, aim as widely extend
ed and complicated political action be
comes necessary, those earlier and sim
pler arrangements -imperfect always
lii-i-niiio nonitlvelv pernicious nnd hurt
fill, and the necessity arises for their
correction, ami iiiai iiiesysiein ui gov
ernment Bhall bo purillcd and invigo
ratal by amendment.
In vour lionular elections which nro
In id or taken under thu inajoiity, or
rather under tile nluralitv rule, which
ordinarily ".mounts to tho samo thing
at your popular elections tho smaller
number oi voices which uio spui.eu in
the election of representatives who
mo to enact your J.twn are stricken
from the count. When tho otll
cers charged with the duty of col
lecting thu voices of the peoplo comu
to iiiako tin tho account and deelaro tho
result, thev striku from the yoll or tho
return, all thoso who when numbered
nro tlio smaller quantity or tho smaller
political force. Then alter your rcpie-t-oiitntivcs
selected in this manner by a
majori y merely, by a part ot mo com
munity, nro convened together, when
thev coiiio to act In t ho bllsinesd ol gov
eminent to enact laws, they again act
bv a similar rule. Thu majority In tho
li'iirosentutivo body pronounces the
opinion nnd decree of that body, and
Wliat lliey prnuuuncu ui-cunicn um
liliulliiL' ii ix .1 1 all tho people. Now
what is observable. In this statement of
fuels? Wh v. that In tho Ilrtt place, in
selecting representatives you striku olf
n mirt of tlio political bodv : then.iigaiu.
In rcprosentuUvo action, you strike oil'
tlio minority oi inuiepresi-iiiuiise uuuj ,
ho represent another portion or mass
of the popular electors. The result Is
that your laws may ho made by men
who represent a minority of thu peoplo
who are to bu bound by tho laws so
made. A repiesentatlvo majority may
nut be. lu i t ii nt of fact and olten Is
not a repiesciilatlvo of n majority of
the people.
When we eomo lo consider in addi
tion to this that tho representative ma
jority, whether In nStato Legislature or
In Congress, In modern tlme, or lu com
tiumtlvelv corrupt times, when perni
cious and scllWi interests Invado the
hulls of legislation, ordinarily acts un
der what Is known us thu caucus sys
tem, viitt perceive how far we have de
parted from those- popular principles
upon which wo professed to found our
ttystciii originally, and which wo sup
posed wouiu give vitality aim mcrgy
to its action. A caucus, a privalo con-
Htiltatlon of majority members, rules
tnoactionoi tno represeniaiivomajoniy,
that majority rules the entire represen
tntl vobody.aud that reprtwutatlvobody
li composed of representatives of only a
partol' thopolltli.il community. Is it not
then established by this Inquiry that
Instead of our representative system
being what wo originally Intended It to
bu, mid what we had supposed It would
ne, it is in us practical iiciiou eiiuiuciei
Ized hv Imperfections which must ar
rest universal attention when tho facts
aro examined, and provoke a cry for
Miinii measure of amenilineut and re
form',' And if a project of reform nnd
amendment bo ptoposcd. which Is prac
tical, reaionaufi) und wl enn be
brought forward, It will be ourbultiess
to einbr.teo It with promptness and
with gladness nf heart.
Now what tin wo deslro? W'c may
desire that thu whole people, Instead of
a p-irt of Ihem, shall bo represented lu
tho government, nnd that Is precisely
what 1 propose. In acciuopllsliliig this
object, differences of opinion, as In all
eases of new Inquiries may be expect
ed. One may havu ouo projeit, and an
other, another. In a time of Inquiry,
of movement lu tho public mind, It Is
not well, and It is not lo bo expected,
that all in i mis should rim In the same
channel ; and that nut of tho Inquiries
which Individuals enter upon, the same
ultimate proposition should bo evolved
by each. How will we then obtain
representation In government of the
entire mass of the people V Let ns
eomo tn that question, and in coming to
it iti'itilri Into the several plans or urn-
Jecla which Imvo been suggested to se-
euro tun object. Tliey may lie elaseil
under threu heads. In tho first place,
It has been propo-cd In various fornu
thill Lvli.u- tlmr.i hIk.mIiI lie fi r.-sl t-li-to.1
or limited mode of voting. Again, it
has been proposed that the elector, hi
all elections of representatives and of
other ofllcers where more tlianoiionro to
be chosen, may bestow Ids voles upon a
smaller number than the whole; in
other words, he may exercise what Is
known as the Cumulative Vote.
Again, there has been proposed in (treat
llrltaln, and elaborately defended in
that country, what is called the system
of Personal lie presentation, by which
an elector shall ho emancipated from
tho ordinary bonds and trammels of
party organization, and shall be as an
Individual and not as a member of a
parly represented lu l'arllaiiieut or
other body of u similar constitution.
Now, as to the first of these, that Is
the limited or restricted vole I u-e
there words because I havu none moie
expressive or convenient at hand as to
this first or limited vote: When you
pass to your places of election mid pro
ceed to choose for your-elves the elec
tion odlcers who shall hold elections
during the year in your several elec
tion districts, ubat do you do?
Kach elector votes for one inspector,
and yet two are cho-cn. Here Is a lim
itation upon tho voter. Instead of vot
ing for botlt the Jaw says that he shall
vote for but one. What Is the practical
result throughout the Statu under till,
law? Why, that one Inspector belongs
to tno majority party m encli election
district, and thu other belongs to an op
posing one. in otner worm, uotn tnu
ami's into wmcii our political society
s ordinarily divided, aro represented
lu tho election boards. Thus you secure
repre-cutatlon of the entire nins of
electors, and yet you secure it by n lim
itation uiion 1 1 ie vines of ui.-iiviuuui
electors.
A bat has been the practical result of-
this arrangement, which is found in
your State election law ol lRao? lias
the result been good or bad? Why,
there is not a man who hears me, or an
intelligent, Honorable citizen in tills
Commonwealth, who would not cry
rtluinie" ll mat law were repealed, it
! a law bv which elections aro kept
comparatively pure: by which fraud is
prevented, ami inirness is secured to me
Hi.en in polling ins vote.
1 believe in this city, when you come-
to choose assessors In your several
wards, those interesting persons who
havu control over your pockets, (laugh
ten, who take valuations of your prop
erty, whosu action as public ofllcers Is
most interesting to you, uacii elector
votes for one, and yet two are selected.
In this case you n re secured. 1 presume.
against partiality and inju-tii-o in tho
ndminlstration of tho tax laws by di
viding tlio.su olllcer-s between political
parties.
l am toin auo mat in selecting your
cliool directors each scliool illvi-lou
or ward lias twelvo directors, who
Imvo charge of your school system one
third, that is four, elected in each year,
In voting, each elector voles for but
three, so that It ordinarily happens that
the lourlh man chosen each year will
hoof ,t different opinion politically from
tlio ninlority of his fellow directors;
will represent in tho government of the
school district one hiuii oi opinion
while the greater number of his col
leagues will represent another.
At the last si's.- onof yourState Lei:!
latnrea law was passed which tool; from
tliecomnussioners oi counties and sper-
Ills, tlie selection or jurors lor the sever
al courts throuirliout thu Common
wealth, (ireat complaints were made
In this matter, especially in tlio Interior
of the Mtate. Y on nan a particular ur
rtiiiiTcmcnt in this city, which has not
been disturbed, to wit: tho selection of
Jurors by the Judges of tho several
courts, in order to insure inipariiainy
anil fairness, and prevent the intrusion
of political interests or passions in tho
selection of your jurors. Hut in tlie in
terior thu duty ol selecting jm-ois,wiilcii
was formerly charged upon the coin-mis-donors
and Hie sherllls of theseer-
al counties, was taken away al tlio last
session of thu Legislature, and eoiillded
to two oflU-ers in eacli county, who am
to be called Jury commissioners. The
l're-lilent .ludgu oi eaeu i ouuiy nns
aomo lunction or limy m conneciion
with these olllce.-i it is somewhat
doubtful what It I the law was
badly drawn hut substantially tho
power of selection heretofore exercised
by tho rrdlnary ofllcers of counties,
to whom 1 have referred, Is now to
bo esnfhled to the-e jury commission
ers.
How aro they to be chosen? As In
the easo of inspector of election, where
one candidate alone Is voted for hut two
nie to be chosen, ny this means it is lo
be supposed that there will bu fairness
in the selection of Jurors throughout
tho State, and the nbu-es which have
heretofore prevailed will bo removed
from our system tlio abu-u that In lie
publican counties Democratic citizens
WCIOOXCIUUCII III 1111 lllllCllsillllll.il' lA
tent, from the liir.v-how and that on tin
other hand, In licmocraticeouiitlc.'', Ile
puhlican Jurymen were unreasonably
excluded.
Here again Is a limitation upon Uio
elector. He snail vote for but ono of
these olllci-1, who are to select the men
who may sll upon questions which re
Into to his life, lo his property, or to his
reputation, mid yet by this limitation
fuller leprescntation of the pconlo und
fairness In trials aro secured. 1 think
that n niucli wiser arrangement might
have been made than that, if 1 had
po-scs-ed power to mould this law upon
mis sun ect, t wouni nave sinipiy
changed the mode In which counly
commissioners am chosen, 1 would
Imvo had them selected upon the prin
ciple of tho eiimulatlvo voto (which I
will presently explain,) or upon me
...l,,,.l.,l,.,,r 1 1;.. ll..,!l,,.l ,-.,l,, W'.i tt-roil.l
liavo obtained substantially, In that way
the samo result without two addition,
al olllcers, and without certain Inconve
niences which attend upon mo existing
law. Hut tho object was laudable, and
the effect which will bo produced by
that law will huHalutar). l'nblli! opin
ion will taku hold of It ami uphold It
hereafter as n Just and wlo arrange
ment compared with thoonolt superse
ded. Lctiiiulllustratothlshleaof limited vo
ting which has obtained In our Statu by
another ease, taken from theStato of N.
Y. Under tho Constitution of that Slate.
every twenty years tho question of re
forming thu rltutu Cnir-tltiitlon U to bo
submitted to a vote of tho people, and
In ease they voto lu favor of a conven
tion to amend tlieCoiistltutloii.ouo Ik to
bo called, it happened last year that a
Convention was lo bo called nnd Gover
nor Centou proposed to the Legislature
that In addltioi.to the selection of dele
gates from tho representative districts
of tho Statu (one from ech,)there should
bo iii delegates selected at large. In se
lecting these .TJ delegates, each elector
in tlio Statn to vote for but 111. Ills
rtcominendatloii was adopted hy tho
Legislature, so that the existing Consti
tutional Convention of New York (It
has not concluded thepcrformuneoof It?
duties! Is constituted of representative
elected from thu representative districts
and of !li delegates from the Stato at
large. Of tho latter, Hi belong to each
political party, for such was the Inevi
table effect ot the plan adopted. Many
men went Into tho convention, nnd are
now sitting In It, wlm could not hnvo
been elected in tlielr several local tils
trlcts, bceau-o tho paity with which
they were associated was In the minori
ty in their several localities. In select
ing delegates from tho Stato nt largo
this was possible, and able men were
selected on both sides men of great
weight and e:reat wisdom. Thesn cases
of limited voting In our own Stato
which I have mentioned, and tlds case
in isew York, will sulllceso far ns our
own 'huh try is concerned.
Now, let mo carry you lo Kntilaud for
it tuo'iient to see what has been done
there In this same direction, in ls.'il,
under the administration of Lord Aber
deen, Lord John Ilus-cl Introduced a
reloini hill, which underwent protract
ed tltscuston In tlio Hou-o of Commons.
Ono rent tiro of this bill was that in all
con-til ucucle-s selecting three members
of l'.ullamenl no elector .should vole
ror more than two, tho result of which
would have been to give to the minori
ty class or electors, ordinarily, the third
member. That bill, however, tlid not
become n law j It fell, and other reform
bills Introduced slncu Into Parliament
have failed. Hut during the , resent
year a hill was passed through Parlia
ment In amend and reform the repre
sentation of tho people of Kngland ill
the Hotiso nf Comuionv. Tlie iteform
llill having passed the House of Com
mons, mnl biijnir underconsldei-ation ill
Hie House of Lords on tliuHOth of July
fast. Lord (a rues moved to amend
clause K of tlio bill by adding. 'Ut a
ontested election for anv count v or
borough repre-ented by three members,
no person shall vote for more than two
candidates." This was substantially,
il not in exact terms, the same as the
clause In the Ku.-cll Iteform Hill of
lh-.l, After undergoing debate, this
iimenilment was adopted in the Hou-e
of Lords by the following vote: Con
tents, 1 It! ; non-contents, .11, or by the
largo majority of !)1 In its favor. Tlio
bill being returned with this and other
amendments to the Houseof Commons,
was again considered in that House.
I-mnl v, upon t ho 6t li of AitL'tist. after
prolonged and exhaustive debate, in
which men whoso names aro known
throughout the enrth participated, up
on motion to strike out this amend
ment mado by the House of Lords, tho
vote stood, ayes -ol, tines i, iielng a
majority of 1!) lu favor of retaining the
provision, and It wits retained by that
vote ; ami thu bill subsequently passing
and receiving thcapproval of the Crown,
it oceanic, and is now mo law oi ureal
Hrltaln (from which country wo de
rive our political descent and many of
our principles oi ireu government, in
cluding that of representation. 1 Hence
forth, in the election of members ortho
popular hou-o or Parliament, where a
constituency select three members, two
snan nu given to mo majority nun ono
to tno minority oi mo electors, nssum
lug that tho latter coiistltuto as large t
mass as one-third of tho whole number.
This is the most notable Instance of the
application of the limited voto to secure
tho representation of tho whole politi
cal mass or the community, or of a par
ticular con.tlteney charged with the
duty and power of selecting representa
tives for the enactment of laws.
liv these Instances selected In our own
country and abroad, it Is manifest that
attention has been largoly drawn to
this ouestlon of amendment In retire-
sentatlnn, and of mitigating the evils
and Inconveniences which must always
arise under an unchecked, unmitigated
unamended ma ority rule.
Hut. gentlemen. 1 pass from tho con
slderallon of tills modcnfumcndlhi: rep
resentation to the second rorm which
propositions for that purpose have ass
uined, in oilier words, I pass to the ills
cuss' in of the topic which Is mint inter
esting atthlstiniu for our consideration,
I menu tho plan ol cnitiuttttirc viiliwj, as
tt lias ueeit named, nils was in inouisi
instance proposed, explained, and advo
cated by James (Jarth Marshall, a nib
lect of tho Crown of (.rent Hrltaln: anil
ny ids proposition aim nis advocacy oi
II, ne nas given ins name to me pouu
cal history oi ins country met to me po
litical history of representative lustltii
thins everywhere in lutiiru times, fo;
no one previously had mastered this
subject with such grasp, no one had
looked Into It with such intuitive per
ception of all its characteristics, and was
able to strike precisely Hie point where
reform could be most p.ifcly nnd ell'ect
ively Introduced, It Is preferable, lull
nl telyprefer.ihl.',toul I propositions lorsu
curing the representation of all Interests
in society by any lliiiltailoiiiip-uillieelec-tor's
voto lu the manner of the various
propositions which 1 hnvonlie.idy des
cilbed. This system or plan oi'ciimulatlvo vo
ting lias been endorsed by John Stuart
Mill, in Ids work on Parliamentary Ite
form, and lu Ills work on ltepresenta
the (I'overuiuent, and since siipi oiled
by him ably lu the llotiso of Commons.
It has been rccoiuniondu l.ulso, by Hurl
(ircy, in his work on Parliamentary He
form, edition of 1801. it was propo-ed
during thu recent consideration of thu
Iteform Hill, in tlio Houcof Cmmons,
by Mr. Lowe, on the ."ith of July last,
and after debate received the very re
spectable support of IT.'I votes. It is he
trinnliur to attract. In this country, that
degrei-or attention which It nients.aud
which Is naturally provoked by the lit-
iiuiry w hich has taken place abroad. I
them tho power of providing tho man
ner In which those electors shall ho cho
sen. What, then, Is cumulative voting?
It Is that where more than one olllcer Is
lo he choscii,tho elector In tho first place
shall possesi as many votes ni there mo
persons to bochpson, nnd next, ho may
bestow those votes at his discretion up
on the wh ile number or persons to be
chosen, giving one voto lo each, or up
on any less number, cumulating Ids
votes upon one, two, three, or nny other
number les than the whole. That Is
simple lu Its statement, although Its
erect, the practical character ortlm pro
position, requires some Inquiry ninl pro
longed experience- to Its entire compro-
neiision. wnat is the result V it Is that
nny pnllcnl Interest In n community,
whether In a Stale or In it division or a
State, If It enn ascertain about thu rela
tive proportion which Its strength bears
to the whole mass of the vote, or to the
voto ofanopposlng Interest, may cast the
suH'ragcs ol lis members Insiich manner
that they will tell upon tho result; and It
will happen that every man, or about
every man who votesshall votoforacandl
datowhoshallbcclioeii,and there will be
In such thlngns unrepresented minorities
left. They will he wiped out or tho sys
tem : they will no longer exist. To
speak of this m a plan forthoroprcsentu
Hon of minorities, Is an abu-e of terms,
because It conveys no Idea whli h attach
es to the I.it) . I-ar bo it from us to arm
a minority with power which wo know
even majorities abuse I Tho proposition
now submitted to Us Is not Hint there
shall be majorities and mlnorltlis
known in election returns, hut that the
men who vote shall voto for tho-e who
will be chosen, anil who will In point or
fact represent them.
I cannot better Illustrate the scheme
than by theci-e of Vetmont, which I
have Used on another oocit-lon. There
nro Oil.nnn voters in Vermont, of
whom lo,iii)0 ure members of the ll
publlcan party, and !W,Oni) of the
Democratic party. I speak lu round
numbers. Hy law that State Is entith d
to three Itepresenlallve.s in Congress,
because her popul itlon, under the Con
stitution of the Cnitcd States, author
izes the allotment oftliat iiuinberto her.
Now what ought to taku place thero?
The majority should elect two Keprc-sentalivc-i,
having lo.onn votes, and thu
minority should elect one, having tM,
000 votes; but Is that so lu point of
fact nt present? If the electors or that
State votu for three Representatives, by
general ticket, the majority would elect
me wuoie mree. it tno. 'stato no divi
ded up Into single districts, it is a mat
ter oi chance now the result will lie,
whether all three districts will have
majorities of the sauiu political com
plexion or not. '1 sav It is a matter of
chance nay, more than that, it is a
matter of honesty in tho Legislature of
tho State, and nny political majority
that has control of the Legislature will
very likely frame the districts to suit Its
own Interests. We know that these
things occur everywhere. Hy cumu
lative voting, hy authorizing the lltl.tiuo
minority electors of that Slate to give
each threo votes to ono candidate, that
candidate wou d receive i;i .oun voles.
and the majority cannot defeat him. The
majority voting tor two representatives
enn elect them, but they cannot elect the
third. Suppose they attempt to votu
for three candidates, they can only give
men oi mem su.uuo votes, aim me mi
nority candidate has cu.oiiii. U they at
tempt to vote for two, us they ought to
tlo, that being the number they are en-
utieti to, tuey can give them uo.uou
votes each, tho samo number that thu
minority candidate has. If they attempt
ed to voto for one, they would glvo that
ouo candidate HiO.mil). but of course they
would not throw away tlielr voles in l
that foolish manner. The practical re
sult would bo that tho lujiui) majority
electors in mat state would vote lor two
candidates and elect them, and tho 20,
000 minority electors would voto foronu
nnd elect him j and results analagous to
tills would occur all over the Cnitcd
States It" this system were applied. In
every State the freemen, each po-s.-ss-ing
an equal right with his neighbor,
would each votu for u representative lu
i. engross who would speak his voice and
obey his will and thus you would obtain
throughout tho country. In each State.
an actual representation of the whole
mass of peoplo on both sides honest
representation Instead of a sham a
government by the majority lu point of
met in congress iiisteati nian accidental
result, which may bn one way or the
other, and isjtist as likely to bu minori
ty rulo its anything else, anil always
and under nil circumstances, unjust
rules.
Oh! gentlemen, what would happen
then'.' Some little people in the Mate
Legislatures, di-stitutu of honor, but
greedy of gain and of personal objects,
would no longer gerrymander your
States (applause) would no longer sit
thero in quiet chambers, concocting in
justice by law, studying how they cm
i rovcut their neighbors lrom being rep-
i o-eiited In the go vt rniiient andgetaiiun
dueslmre of publlopowcr fur thiuiselves
and for friend-.TIiat iniquity would be en
dcdantl would no moiu heard of amongst
us. Why, gentlemen, at this moment,
from tlio Hritlsh pos.-,csslons upon the
northeast to the llolden tJate of the Pa
cillc, there is probably not ono honest
vlco by which thu majority shall rulo
niulshall pronounce Its volceln u falrnnd
honest manner, Agnln.a system of cum
ulative voting would securo to you, In
your legislative bodies, men of high
ability, nnil securo them for long pe
riods of time, because elections would
not hcHiihlcct to the uncertainties which
attend ordinary elections under the ma
jority rule. A political party In Penn
sylvania, constlf utlngiiboutor neurone
half Us electors, assuming that the
Stato would bo permanently untitled,
say to twenty-four members (tho pres
ent number;, can keep about a dozeu
men continuously in Congress for n Ions
period of time. Justns long as they re
tain tho conlldenco of their constituents
they will bo elected, becauso tho merit
of this plan Is that ono part of tho com
munity cannot voto down another.
I-iich will get Its duo share of represen
tatives, and can keep It nlways simply
by giving voles only to tho niniinor
which they nro entitled to have, nnd
which thev can elect. This svstem
would secure contentment to men con-
u.lf.tfl.w. ...It.,.-!.!'., !... n..
because such minorities would ho abol-
tipportioiiuieut law lor members of Con
gress, and you will scarcely ever have
one, unless in an exceptional ciVio.wliorc
one political Interest shall imvo control
of the upper branch of a Legislature,
ami ano'.tier of the lower, holding i.ieh
other lu check, mid conipelllngsoine de
gree of fairness In the formation of the
law.
I do not deslro to siieal; on any topic
which may bear partisan complexion. 1
am aliuqst.ifitild lo elteeaes lest I shall
be thought to have an object or purpo-e
not openly avowed. Let me tell you,
the dlllleulty In this easi. is in human
nature, anil you nu.st frame your sys
tem so that mischief will not result, "It
Is necessary," said a great ami wise
Ished at popularelc-ctlons, nnd although
their representatives bo voted down In
representative bodies, they would bu
heard there, und It Is a great satisfaction
for a man to bo heard even when Judg
ment is pronounced against him. That
is what wo suppose to be one great ad
vantage or courts orjusticu: a man Inn
his day lu court, nnd ho Is heard ; Judg
ment Is not pronounced in Ids nosenco
or without n hearing. Just so, minor!
ties lu our country usthcy nro now con
stituted, are ilNsatlslled, nnd they nl
ways will bo dl-satlslled under the
present system. Let them be heard,
and If tho decision Is against them In tho
legl-latWebody, they will acquiesce, be
causo they havu had fair treatment.
This Is human nature. Hvcry ono can
seo that that would bu so. Should wo
not, therefore, be less liable to revolt, to
convulsion, to war? Content your peo
ple, Improve your system so that It will
work happily und properly, nnd you
crush out thu seeds of political convul
sion. Applause.
I need not go over the other heads of
the argument at length, because time
will not nermlt me. I Insist ns n prin
cipal argument, however, for this modo
of taking the seiiso of the electoral body
that it would bo a great check upon cor
ruption. Now, what causes corruption
at your elections? What brings It Into
being? 1 submit that question to you
gentlemen, us men of ordinary experi
ence. What is It? Ono candidato wants
to get a nialorltv over another candi
date. The district play bo close, or at
least each side may have hopes or carry
ing it, passion Is aroused, to use a com
mon expression, tho blood Is up, ambi
tion calls, private Interests prompts.
Here and thero wo know, ror so the fact
stands revealed to us, a candidate, or
tno irieiuis or n candidate, will resort to
corrupt means, for what purpose? To
get tliu balance of power, to turn thn
scale, not to corrupt the great body of
inu electors, out to gain me icntn, tno
t wentietn, or the iilttetli man who hoiiu
In his hands tlio balance of power be
tween political interests. In this man
ner these contests for local majorities
and for State majorities between parties,
call into existence all the evil and cor
rupt Influences which attend our elec
tions. A man at Harrisburgornt Wash
ington is expected to distribute partron
ago around hlsdlstrlct, so that ho can
get votes to beat somebody el.-o when
hu comes before tho peoplo again. A
man with his pocket full of accumulated
gains, tho result of hU own thrift aiul
cunning, or tho accumulation of bis an
cestors, wants a few votes In ireiknn ma
jority against an opposing candidate,
ami nu gives money to electioneering
agents, and does not Inquire how it is
applied. Aftcrawlillo great complaints
are inane in your community of a cor
rupt election. You hear such express
ions as "shocking-," "horrible," "what
Is tho country coming to: what Is tho
social body and what is the political
body coming to?" Corruption rai-es
Its head in America ; it Is tho danger lu
our path: it isthuglaut wo have to fear,
whoso blows will lay low our republic
an system If It is ever protratod. Does
not your majority rulo invito all theso
evil Influence.-.? Oo out and maku In
qulry about your last Congressional
election In certain districts, and vou
will hear, 'Oh, money carried it; hero
was a boss who was bought up; he had
control of fifty or ono hundred men: In
another district another had control or
fifty or ono hundred electors, and thu
election was turned. It took only 200
votes to win, and away goes the victor
to hlstiost ofduty, to make laws for tlm
American people. 1 am not talking of
things abroad. This cry comes to yeu
in this city. Ye, corruption Is Increas
ing In America. And what Invites It?
1 will answer In a word it is tho ma
jority rule at popular elections which
Invites It, It Is becauso you havo an uu-ju-t
or imperfect system hv which near
ly on-lmlfof thu community have their
voices stilled; thu corrupt iimu buys a
fuiv votes, and thousands of his fellow
citizens have no voice In the govern
ment; they are outvoted; live votes will
do It, if tliey create a iiuijorit x . as well
as ,1,001). Adopt a plan by which every
political parly, and every political iu-
thlngs power should be a check lo ptiw-
nr" Wliut s-.lil lie l.elo.llf" l'l...r.-
sludt describe It In a moment, l-'or the I is no earthly puwer that has nut grown
present, 1 will simply say that, the exorbitant when It Ims met with nucon
third proposition of reform, known us ; trul," Take these words of men who
pinuintt ;(.' itiilatiuit, which looks to , thought wisely und profoundly, and
oilier objects and to other const'- 1 then look at your existing political ae
qiicuees, f shall not attempt to di-c-us Hon ami seo whether it is not a strtiggio
to-night. It Invites us over too wuloa
Held of inquiry lor the time at our dis
posal; and, I may add, that It Involves
so many additional considerations and
so much of prolonged debate that, with
in Hie ordinary compass of a iiieciiug, it
Willi HI IM HIIPOsslPIo to OMIIlUsl IIIOMIP-
Jcct or to eomo to an Intelligent corn-Ill-
sum upon It. i presume ai-o, speiiKing i
generally concerning It, that it will boa
considerable, time before wo shall bo In
posse-siou oftliat amount of experience
and of discussion which aro rcqulsltn to
its adoption in this country.
Now, what icumttltitii-evotinuf 1 pro-po-o
tint what Is known by this term
ll.-.l ... ..... I .'
snail in. iqiiiiii-ii it. me cit--viii.il in repre
sentatives In Congress, ami to thoeholco
of el ectors of President anil Vice-President
of thu Culled States. It admits.
also, of application to the selection of
senators and representatives lu tho
several State Legislatures, und tn tho
selection of county commissioners, and
po.-lbly other uiltccrs, lu what 1 shall
say at this time, However, 1 shall con
terct,lfit choo.se, can elect Its men,
anil can elect ai many men as Its num
bers entitle It to, and you nro done with
this abuse of corrupting votes to turn
the scale, you are done with this pur
chase of majorities, you nro done witli
tills scandal of your system, und vou
have taken thu mostelleetual guarantee
which, with our present Information, It
in p sslblu for us to securo for its Integ
rity and Its perpetuity hereafter. Oreat
applause.; Cutler a system of cumu
lative voting, in the present Congress
the delegation from this Stato would
stand twelve Itepubllcans and twilvs
Democrats. Why? Hecauso each party
has .SOil.Oim vote-in till-State, and each
one knowing that Its strength was about
"that by the very constitution of equal to the other, would have cuuiula-
ii-ii it -voles upon twelvo men and elec-i.-1
ihem, und there would have been a
lair lepresentatlon of the State. Ver
mont would have had two majority a jd
one minority member, us I have shown,
Kentucky, which sends nine Democrat
ic mciiihir, would have -ent two or
three Itepubllcans lu her deb-gallon.
miner a sounti iiione oi voting: aim
Maryland, Instead or one Republican
inpinberout or live, would hai sent
two. In Connecticut, Instead of .hive
Democratic representative-, out of four,
there would nave been two, because
the vote of the State was about a tlo,
and so throughout the Cnion. Youcati
not tako u Stato and examine thn facts
relating to It In any authentic
publlca'ton without seeing this element
ui injustice entering into your system
oi poisoning it nt ns very louniain.
1 need hardly say and this Is, per
fur power lusteudof it struggle lurjustiie;
whether It li not a struggle i.y each in
terest to obtain nil it can, ami toiotnlu
all It can and to keep away from an
opposing interest anything like u lair
distinction of puwer und fair treat
ment. It Is necessary, then gentlemen, that,
by your lined arrangements In your
constitutions and laws you shall curb
thu Injustice of human nature, that you
shall so ariange your sysleni that evil
ami seiiisii men cannot pcrscri it lo
their own purposes and lo the Injury of
others. A system of cuiuulatlvo voting
secures the government ortho real ma
jority of tho people, !n-tead of striking
nil' a part of them In the popular elec
tions; thuy iiroull represented In the
representative body, whether Congress
or tho Statu Legislature, and there bv a
slnglo operation the vote Is taken, tlie
majurity pronounced ami a proposi'ti law
Is enacted or defeated. Instead of sever
al processes and ail eventual decision by
a representative majority, uiovui una
lluo myself, In tno tllsciis-Iou of this governed by a caucus, Vou will havu
plan, mainly to tho election of repre- fair, equal, extended, complete repre
sentatives, in Congress. This relorni scntution of thu whole mass of the pen-
cult bo Introduced by act of Congress pie, and tho proper voice of the majori-
milium uuy ct'iisiiiiuii.iiiii viiuuKi' , nun
th" plan can hu applied to the election
of Protiiileiitl.il electors by tho Leglsla-tu-es
of thu several Statis, who under
tint Constitution, have touiiultUU to
haps, a dellcatu branch of my speech
that If in any part of this Union wo am
to havu two classes of voters, distin
guishable by raco or color, u very con
siderable part of tho mischief and evils
which the opponents of tho extension
of Hiill'ragu apprehend would be preven
ted or removed by tho adoption of thn
euiiiiilatlvu vote. Instead of thu cry
being raised, "ouo raeo votes down ait
other and has his heel upon It" wn
havu heard that nil over thu North, and
wo know how powerfully It has influ
enced the electionsInstead of that cry
It would ho announced that each race,
obtained representation in proportion
ty proiioumed In tlie reprcentutlvo to Its iiuuiberi, wlthuut direct antago
holy. nlsin or colllslun. This however, Is na
1 repeat, this Is no plan fur minority argument for gentlemen In n different
repics-entatlon ; It Is a plan fur tho rep- position from myself. As to them 16
rcsentutlon of the wholo people-ii do-1 continciuun iuviuuimuk.
V iuuuur,Hcwtiowu,
vi- rr