VOL. I.-N0.18. BLOOMSBURG, PA., FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 29, 18G7. HUGE FIVE 0ENT3. IJloomsbnrfl Susintyis pmlorii BTOVEB AND TINWARE. I Ac nil Ml IZ, ilciilii-lnftnu-i IliiwnrOtnlti ,1 l.,uhn emit house, vlnll 1 M. UrTLIlV, Moves ninl tinware, Hupcrt 4, blutlc. Miillli wot of. Market, M-nll CLOTIIINa, tie. DI.OWI.NIiniO, lie-reliant tnllor, Mulii.!., 2.1 , iI.Kir above American house, vl-nll l W, lllHMhlMLIN. w-hiilcnatciiti.lrclnU.lcnl-. . it In t'ltlitiit,oU-.i llurjmiiii's building, Mnln iiTl, vl-nll DP.U03, CHEMICALS, &c. I N. Mo Y Kit, ttriigittantnl apothecary, V.x l t li'iiiK' hie k Main ht, vl-nll p t MMY. ilrutf-Jltt n iv I npotheenrv, Uupert lit Mock, Milti nt weit of Market. vMitt CLOCKG, VATCIIES, &o. OATWAHT, wiUliandehnk maker, Maiktt I oris IU:itNllAltlt. wntch ninl elork maker, Ijtlt U--'-Hllu is! C .'iltT M.llMIltl.l IloUMft,l-lH. a V.. it jvwt-lry AVAHi;, dealer in dock", uiiicliPH and Main it. in ally uppMte American vl-nll M. Hll V h mi loemaker.Malnstiect up HMtl.' lm llcill lioilio, Vl-lllt 1 MOM. 1.1)1, It III HUlfilclllHT Atnlth-ulrr Illliii'tlH A uiiil Ut s.M.iiimI., opposllt l'plneopal ( hureh Vl-tlll N.MiY K.I.1.1 M. in iiniftirtiiti r and itinUr In hoot all. I mi it M, KrUCt-rlOH t tC, Jnt lllf MiUfsi. I.tiiii M an ni. J-nt I DAVID Itl.l', boot ninl tdmcmaker, Mnln M., below lliu iiu.in'.i lore, went of Market nt reel, vl-nll PROFESSIONAL. i I Si Ik I. Khun'V surgeon dentist, let t It extract 1 wimoui p-itn, m il wMhotii ii'iln. t iIhi 'ij il t'itim h. nearly nntioHitc vl-nl'l 11. M KMA'Y, M. 1. Hiirni'on ami plijKhlun t) south side Muln hi., below Market, vl-nll i It I.V NH, M, 1). wirtfcnn ntul ihyhlcJun Huilh J dde Main H'k,v Market, vl-nl! r l. Itl ITl It, M. 1. mirgt'oii und l'hyli'l,iti, ) Mmki't nt.,tih.mi Mnln, Jtil.l It. II. II(Vi:K.AurKeontl(fntNl,Mu1n Mt.( uljvouaul liuusi vinlt D MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS. l.I..li: lSAllKMIY, milliner, hiulluln, Muln mi. Ilamt.v vMil.l , 1). Wl.ltll, nmcy coihIh, niitlou, Ixinks, Jl KiulKjiKTi , ui.rtli nldu Main Nlri-ct hrlow lHr M I. MHI 1'KI'r.ltMAN, iiilllHicry fancy k'khH np 'j itllit l.pNcnpnt rhlllrti, Muln Kl. vliilt MM. IIM A. .V KMIII llAltKI.r.V, Iwllrs t luitks an I cli't's-4 imlti'rnj, nnuthciiNt come r Mnln tml wrstst. vlnll rpjlK MIkhi.s IIAIIMAN, inlllrncry ninl f.un v 1 ftHHiK, Mnln Hln el Just Ih-Iiiw Amrrli'un Iihum', vl-nl I M1N. M. II, I'llllMAN, Itillllni-r. Mnln t., In-low llurlinun'M htnro, ui nt uf Mi.rkcl si. l-nll intltcn. rv utnl funcv opposite Coiilt llousc. Nt'till Mi-- m in nun k-i :ilU"'ils .'.!: HOTELS AND SALOONS. I ! 1' m i K,o-ii.r uii'l (iillin; Million, Amerl 1 1 u Jlriif, (mii Kt., Itull7er U-ikikR Mipeiiti t n k'ni, v 1-n I.j U'H'MUII A .lAi'ullV, iircilonry, Imkery, I I - i -1 i d'T s.ilu in, m I i'ii i' . ill mid letnll,K 1 1 ink'' blotU, Muln ht. ln U 1 iX iV WKIIM, i-oiifccildiif ry, Imkr ry, ninl hvm 1 Iff Milimu, lioliNitlo mnl retail, Mnln st , Just 1.4 low Intn. vl-ntt iixciiwii: imn:u iy .1. r. (Miwvr, Main W st., t.pole eolirt lmiw. VllH I 4 M!:itH'N Ilnrsi:, liyJuiiN I.kaom-k, 5!ln A , (i'! nrjnui wtreei. i-mi tiv il. V. M M'UKit, wit rnd of 1 ft p CO 1 1 S'l it, ri'fr"linunt nlnon,Muln 8t..Juht 1), tilM (oitrtkoUM', 1'lUt 1 I'. CASlJtW, Iffieslilin lit wiUmhi, KxelinnKn t U iti-I, I iwhoii '.iIifiitn,Miii-iliilcinleiit vl-nll t 1. (UI.I.Molti:, M-rn-slii.u-nt Miloon, HIi1o'n I; south hIiI' Mnln t, Vl-nll MSKCEANlf, GKCCEKS, &e. i; .1 A i Ol K i t.i'if rtl 1 1 r . M ii huImm Cnurt Iluiic, trki etc. Muln vl-nW O II.MIIJ.nt, I A lijtltr In tlrv r,tt' i imuttle llnlii.MlI, Mini's itttlue liini It. Main sd t, KrtM'crlcs, notion, etc vl-nll M ICI I VV M M. A f . ill Jt' in lry kmm1 I'Kiu-iirs Jk-iii, iti-.. Mtlt, lii-h, ium, imllK, , inn tin r-i in in 'i Mi' In it tul Jtuikft ht, vl-nl I House l Muln v-Inti t l.iAN ilt-iilerln elmhi A U- i J. (.niMfH. fit nil Jill it i ll! tl.MI.N, HI1(lHlt il' i r. IT (' lit 1 li. liiitsiiiiil eat U l!i' ii M., i,ltoe (nit limine. crl s mill x in nil mm-liuinIlM' Ut -t. vMill lioots mid shot" l-nll uriHiilt'. IkmiIm. UupiH l)!rek, Muln ft., urst ) Ji 1'. MMtlE.tlrt unmlsHliil ltutliitlV. hntltllWest . eorm r iiiln nmt I run his. l-nll r I. HIMiU'l If drv L'iio.li. iroeiTli s. itc noilli. J. went (Kiner Miiliiuinl Irtm fls. vl nil Ml.V. A. IIAI1TMA.V. dry lmmwIs, notion, ninl li ;tr.n'ci Mnln ontMiillo I !tl"('(iniil rhim II. l-nH If II. Ill' Hi i I It, (UL-nt,) L'io.rrles, lulim- II. in it i ii 1 confi'i tion.ir. Aliiln nt.. lit'low Aim r iii limise. l-nll OA. ttl'A IvI.t-,Kejhtont'hIioi'Klote,iooks mid . Nt'itlmttH't . bimtluri'st i-ortii't' Miirkt't mid Mlllll htH. l-llll Tit A A A M 1 It ASM I Si. COIlffftioiK rit'K. -Mlllll ii.. just niiovi- conn iiouhu, vi-nn (Dranflei'illf Sii'ccioai. iirdrnn, vMl 17 lHK'K Hori':ii nnd rcfrrf.liimnti-nlnon.liy li llt. (i.A..Mi:UAimEI.,rhlclniininl nuricrnii. 1 .Minn si., ni'xi noor in ui I) mi I Muininii.cnrni-r nfMalnnml rinanl.vlniT fJWAN IIOTl:!., the uplicr lioino liyjnlin Hny O iter, Muln ptnlKJVe l'llu'. Vllil7 Dls. HI.OA N, tlMtler In ilry koo.1i, Krnrwlrn, t lntulHT-nlHI gcncrol McrrlmlidlHu Muln Rl. VI-IUT rpllllMAH lircKI.K. miUII.Milnl llullirsi mulirr I Mnln ft.. ulm utlie Hwnn IIolcl. V.tl7 f II. MM ITl I, iiiHtuifiii'ltirrror tin Miiruunil Il . ilt'ulcr In hluvcR i'tctl Muln fl,, nbovc thn Hwnn llntrl, VI-IH7 C!AMCi:i. r.vi:iuriT, mupgiit O.Mnln Hln 1 1. Apotlircnry, vl-nl l A II. V. rot.r.MA.V, Mi-n-lmnt Inllor nn.l A. Ili-nr rnrnlililng kooUb,. Mnln t., next iloor to the brkk liolcl, vlM7 hi., Iiffow l'liie. MS. lIAVIH'llsT,clnck,AVntiln9 nniKluns , rr-pulri'il. Oiiiii und WuU-Iich lor mile, Mnln TAMIXII. IIAIIMAN, Cnlilliet Mukir.linil tin tl uiTlnlipr. Muln Ml., fjelow l'lne. vl-n!7 MK'HAP.l.t'. KlXI.KIt.t'niihTttoni ry, 0itTn Ac. ir.,on I'lnuMt., Iirlwt'i'li Muln ulul llll. Vl-1117 HII. A i". KIll.iIH.Nr.lt, llliicksmltliH.im Mill . !stH''t, ni-iir l'lnc. VI-MI7 ' M.tTfTv Ml 1 1 . 1 .1 IM I, Hln .i iiuiki riinrrinnnnf.i?"- tuurof llrlik,MlllMI.,hiMlorriiii3 vlnl'J I.M.I AS KNYIH'.K. l'lolir ninl Ii ili'iilirln igrnlii. Mill sum I. (II M Mill, lin.l l-n 17 1 DAM srll-YI.i:it. Iron i mnl Miinuliictlilcr of ploM tnniiili'r, Mu lilnMi MIIIMt. I -11 17 !I,r.S A. WILLIAMS A. I'o.lnnmrsnlul Mini, urui'lnn rn.f 1. ntliir, Mill Mrtft. M-H17 lllll.N' l;i:l.l,i:lt, limit unit Miiinntikir, l'llu I Mrecl, opposltn tlio ArinH lily I-Ill7 11. II:IU!IN(I,V llllOTIHIt. (iirpililirsiinil HiiIIiIits, Mnln Hlroi'l, lu low I'lni', vl-n 17 yA.MIII'.L M. I'HIINTISS, Wl. rlnnry MiiKion.nl O tlif llrk-lc lloli'l, corner or Mnln unit 1'lno sis. Vl-1117 A, l)i;Ti:U I NT, denier In dry woods I tlottr, fef.l, halt, fl"li, Iron, nulK un wet les, te., I.ljiht reel, i-nt i VI I flAi fit I uiuni fiiirt uTTr "itnd deiriTrltV 1'outs mid hlioeH. t-nli 1 TKHWIMilUr.lt, t'ublnetmalur, I iind.L'htilrninkcr. tTndertnker vl-n.U P 1. KlIMiKY, llliicloniltli(iKMlli' l""'t oillce, II OMAN A fi lllU heliUOl lutlLiC, Wheelwrights, ilrtt door V 111 1 (J lis. i KI.lSKi mlliencry and fancy (HdM. M 1 V. SANKI1Y, ilenler 111 I'ntlicr, Hides, llnrk. ,1 ite. I'n-li piild for HIiIck. l-nli f.M. M, J INT, dealer lu tocs and tin inro In alius urauciies. vin Jcriifu JCoii'ii gireclori). I N'DHKW MA1IISON, denier In dry linod. Kro i cerleH, Krnln, IninluT imc, ,li-rse iim n vl-n m I Al'dll A. sVYISilLU, denier In ,1 nunc lil ies. Lcntlier Mudlsnll lounsliln Ciilulnbl.i ei unity Vl-lllli n Mi.Vlil VM II. .m.tittrtil Ktoi-lc nf meicliflll l'i ill.oiin.l tin, ).,.) . iiriwr nf Miilti Htlftlind J.erwlek mud. vl-nU t .1. IMlimiNH il.-nti r In dr inoN irrcorleM et 1 MiiieHtilodcMaitlKl., lielowlion Vl-nlt 1 k'. (IMtloS. nron-rlcH A l'rovlMlons. HOtith- J. a-t i otiiiT Mnln and lion HtrreK Vl-lill MISCELLANEOUS. I) H)i ilr.I'ItO l.l'Mlir.lt 111., innniif.uliireM r nut ili.nli-rs In I.lllillier. ctt nil klnd. nlulnlnu mill mill' tliti inll-ri.a.1. vMllil -I. llllil.rMAN.iiinldleiinil lmrneiH milker, iteaf soiilliMchl corner aiuui unu muiki-i si. W-nll H OTELS AND SALOONsT O N (1 1' O N 1) II o t i: u. i iik unuer'iiiiiei iihvihk icasp.i ami re-iuriu--ii edlnKoml stjiii tlt aliow U-kiiH n House, Hltuale a ?.i u n (i t ii j; m o u t a i n h In MielinnterHof I'olunihlfiiiud Hulllvali eoiinllef . In on of t ho most lieautlful and lu'itlthtiil leiilotiH in llie Mate; is limy prepureil lu iieeointiiouaio vivuoi-M aim hiyuurne rs W1TU TIIUIK rAMILIKS. 'llml'oiid and strrutiiM aie well htoikeil with dcltelous (iiti or many Kinas iticiuuiiiK T H O IT T A ' li !' I K II, Mid Iio.iIh In n'l'l order will li kept for llieae (oiiinmd.aion and unitiseiueiit ot tnsls. eltliei lor ilshlut! or pleastiicexetirHkons upon I his leaii IIIUI MK'Cl oi Oilier tvnirii it HKVlIUAli MIUIS IN KXTIINT. Miirroiiiidi il liv mi -L-xleiislvo l'orcst. there Is atlor- tied lo tho ImiitsiiiHli a hplendid Held fur his on peculiar hpous, una cieici-c -iiiu ins 1 t t) A N l O V N. ItU lju,I..f ultl Im ulnvk t,nililid With lllf lelie.ic-loi ol UiuMuvon : and his liar oKH-kt d with I'UKK l,na ous. uiu Jloiihu is laieaiKl eouna MOI14 t I ho .sin iii nit; ivit imii! ami h.lle. 'ri..ii..it... iu i.. .1 tif.i., u..v l tuilnts mi inn I'.iooiiiM an u A. l.iiLifau liniiiL luuii oun : auo ih u rpl-t.ndld phu-o to jiusm the hot months of Mini- I in r. jfi iv jj.y i ii i' ii j i M.iy 17, 1M17-1II). E XC11ANUK JIOTKL inu liink-iMuned huMliir taiiehased this well Kuounmid eeiitriilly-liK'Hied litiubt, lh! l.xt'hune MOM J h U.O U ON .11 Ol lll.lVi , 111 llllHJIIIIIUUIKi Imnudl.iteli oppoiUHthe Coiunihia County uouri HoiiM' ifhnecttiillv Intoinih hit irk-nds aiul the public in K'inrnl 1 1 u.v his house Is now In order lor uie reeepuoii ami eiiici uui"m UI ol liueuer' wlin iiiii In tlfsiHiM'il to l.inr il v.flli their I'llv torn, lie has h pa ted 110 fpinsi lu pietiarlnt; the l.ichuii'i lor the en eltinm-iciii ni his L'lieMH. in-IllaT hhall Iheiti l anyiidiu; unntin-1,011 his naitM't miutn r 10 incir pi ihouai eouiion. iu iuiiisi' Is hpaclotiK, and euJos an excellent oU"! uchs lix'alloii. 4iiiioll.iiss-.i-4 run nt nil Mini's lntwefii the l.v cli.mu Hotel and the ailo srallioad ih-potx. hy which tiaeller will bo pleasaull (oneyfd to and Innn tho res-pi-ctlt hlallons indue tlnu- to mret ine eain. jwii. i-. 1 t . inooni'liitii:, Mnreh 10, THE COLUMBrAN, 1H 1 ritLlSMJ.n KVK11V rUIDAY MOIlNINd AT UMKtMMU 1KJ, Pi:NNA. TI I II prlnclplff of Ik p-iper an of the Jelferhon- Inn School of iollliei. Thoae prtiu lpleri will neve be compromised, $ ettnurtPHy mid klndesH lmU not ho fon;'tteii In dNi usvlnglhctn, whether with Individuals, or with cnntempor.11 leu of the l'ress Tim unity, liupplneM.Htul irosperlty of tho coun try Is our nt in mid object j und ni tho means to Hecurolhat, wo hall labor honestly mid earnestly for thoh.miiony,fi.eieninnd growth of nur orjran-Nation. TkumhopHUIisc ninioNi Two dollarn a year If paid In ad mice, lfttotpalil In tvhniu-e two dollars and llfly icnl will bclnarlabli eliarjicd. Teh ms or Aivliiti ici i One fc'iiiate (tt n llnr or lf!s oneor thno Insertions $1,J tach ijiiHC (pnm Insertion ,' cents. KI'At'K. IM, HEL'RESEXTATIVE REFORM. Speech of Hob, C. R. Bocfcilew, JkUvcrcd in the Assemble lulhUwj$ Philadelphia TtmtUt Jftcnhw, Xomntcr J IV, 167. Tho Defects of our Electoral System. Who Oumttlutlvo Vote. Its Necessity and Advantages &.C, A.C. AC. One "itiaro rwosipiarcM 'I brro vqtmteH.., I 'our hip.imc.. Half milium Oik eohuiin ,. .1,1 ) .. .V' .. l,"i ,. HV-0 . !:. 2m. t,IM) 7,1 W l",1ll "M. tM, V. S'.'O 'J jaO 1 1,'M l,") lUn iitor' and AUmlhlttriUorV Notice SV". An- lltor's Notlco JV1 Other advcrtNenients Inst r- ted aceoidlns to upeelal eontrnct. IkisinrtjsnotlccN, without adOTtI.SLtiif-nt,tH cents per line. Transient advertisement pajaule lnatUatue- all othcis iluo nur the flrvt Invertlon. Crf U Is, lu alt catpf, more likely to bo Hallif.ie- tory, ljolh to mbticriliers and to the luIdMierf thai n nilttanccsand all communications respect tin the bttslncRSof the p-U'Cr, be sent direct to the olllcpfif publication. All letlerrt, whether n-latlti: to the editorial or bti dm-ss concerns of the paper, anil all pnytnetits for subscriptions, whet thing, tr Jobtilnj?. mo to bo mideloand addressed imocKWAV a rm;i:,i:, "ihlitmbinn Ojjlcr," ItLOOMSHLMtfl, 1'A. Printed at r.oblson's nulUlim;', near thu Court II'Mlse, bv ('has. M. VASPKItSUrK, 1knk It. HNinrii. BUSINESS CARDS. joit L PlUNTINO Vently i-xeentcd lit Mils Olllci- M. IVKI,UC, A Till UN I-: V-A T- Ii A W, Ashland, Schulklll L'otinty, I'eiiii'a. M. K- ,AC'K,sox' lU-rwk-k, Columbia Counly, IViiu'h. THAL'CJII, A T T O II X r. Y - AT- I. A W, HcrwUk, foiuniM.i I'ounty, return. "yvr n,F,nFn . a hhott, ATTOItSi: Y-AT-I. A V c. CLNTllAI.IA, l'A. VF, .MTlil.i:!!, ATTIIHM'.Y AT LAW, J'cllow-Citkau of tie City of VhlUuht- Yon lias'o hail stiUoit to you tlio clr cuinslniitrs iimlcr which I npiiunr In your presence to speiiU upon tlieiuhjoct of ruprcMMitutlvu reform. Without nny Ititroiluctory reiniirki, without iiAiisIni; to tarry over preliminary top ics, I Mmll proceeil to the wuhject mat ter of my discourse. Ours is sulil to lie a government of the people, meaiiiii"; hy that term tho whole electoral body with whom the rldhpof MiirniKo Is lodged by our Con stitution. The people coiiHlderrd lu tills .icii-e tin; sahi to rule them-clvc, and our r-yl(m Is therefore described as one of self ;ovenimeiit. Tlm-ci who urn bound by the laws are toenact them. I'ower is lu tlie first lii'tance everted by them, utit! obedience yielded after ward. All rc-ts uiion their voluntary tisent, and upon tlielr free action, and 114 It is InitKiislljIc that thewholo mas-s of tho political community nhotild as M inble tnjretlicr lor the imrposu of en- nctliiK or tiKreclnp; upon those rules of conduct which are to mini tno citizens, and as It would be Impossible lor such an enormous body, oven If It were con vened, to act with convenience, or lo 1 act at all, we, like the people of other countries, in lurmer nines, imvo resort ed to what is l.-nown as tint representa tive aye tern. l rom thn impossibility ol eonveninz ourselves together to deteniiiuo tho-u reat tuiestloiis wliich ncrtaiii to tlieno- litical and social body, and about s Inch governnient Is employed, wo have determined to select from ainonirst our selves a certain niiuibcrof persons with wiiom snail ne mugcd an our powers connicted with legislation and with government, and whatsoever they .shall iseieiuiiue sunn no 10 us unit to an men within our borders the law of Individu al conduct. ell. now. irentlemen. In exccutlm: tliOKy.Htem of rvjiresentutivGgovcrmiiciit tue manner 111 wnien inu agents 01 tno people shall be selected becomes In the highest degree. Important. Althuucli by our tlieory, nlthoUKh by our fuiida menlal prlnclpl" of eli-iovermnent by thu people, all tho p 'ople are to be represeiueu in tno inaKiii"; 01 laws, in the administration of government, in point of fact wo have not attained to this result. Wo have fallen short of it in our arraiiL't inentu. and hcuco it Is that men of intelligence- and of sagaci ty, driven to their conclusions by thor ough examinations and by1 full inquiry, have bren compelled to declare that our system is Imperfect, and Imperfect to Mien an extent mat inu quaiuy 01 our government is atlectcd, ami many per nlcloiH tilings have palce lu its admin istration. Instead of thero being under the rep resentative svstem ns It Is known among us, a representation of the en tire electoral uouy, 01 an tno imiivmu om.s. wiiii 1:. 11. Jnlnlni! 1'nht oilliv. IVllslons collei-tcd. Utile. Ill lirlik lilill.llln.' ml 1- limintlcs, ll-ick-l'iiy nnd joiiN o. fhi:i:zio Annus i:y- A T- L A W, Ol'.Iee In ltiKlstir mnl Iteeorder's olllee, In th husi-inent of llic iv.lut 1 louse, nioolnsbniK, l'n. A ITU It N I'. Y-A T-I. A W Olllee corner of Main nnd Murket streetH, oer rimt Nntloiuil llnnk, ItloonislmiK, l'n. 11. h I T T li K, A T T O It :; I'. Y - A T -1, A W, on Mnln strei t, In lnkk Imlklin below ! E. ome Court House C. lllooiiisbuiir, pa, !. I!HO(JK WAY, ATTOHN'KV AT LAW, IILOOMSIU'IIO, l'A. Coiilt Ifdlise Alley, lelow llln flail TOT r-l)KUii: lll.illmin tulle C" I, I' Jt a I A 11 O U 8 K, ft W,SNY1U:H, liurdwiire, cutler, Ellin", fit KJ, Mlllll H below iron. 1-nl'i 1 W1TMAN, ninrlile work., A. cHirner Muln and Murket Mn, ft W. folin.l VI, lilllk on M I) II. Ill -,'UI. II, melnl. nuir HinilliHiKt l-nn r.iF.iUiii,, iniiiuu (tirtu. utorv M'ahiht., rd of Mmliet hI. M-ni-t n ilnifr In iilan-is. or 'ins and ms.utO, W'.OondrNrurnlturo room a 1-11(7 Jl J, i Ulll.t IU.1, Willi l',f ti 'j. nnd UMtirtH, Huperl block, Main l. window Kbrt'leR, iiyeiit for (lroeri Hakcr'H IHIIIU vl-nll IIxthaiiKC in It t U'I'1-Ilsl I .Niw'iiiu mathlne, Main Ht.( Hailimin's build IIU, Up hlMll-, it iHurVsTni'k'. iihnfomiiiihi JI, block, Main ht opposite court htaiMe, l-uH 1 77moAHT, pholoyiiiidier, tlartniair tmlld ) inHiiorthutMcoriicrMalmind Markets!, vl-nll w iNiitntvu iL.iuir 1 1. nlnr kfcnml ilfitir front 1101 1 hwem, loi'iii r Main and lion h(m, vlnU u imiTiiv ini.ii.,.iiiinii ninl lMi1r In htove coal. Main ht or iioslto tourt house, vl-nll 1). I'llAl Of'K. Nolnry l'lllille Muln mid Murket st, noitheiiHt corner vl-nll IIUIN A.l'UNM'ON'. mnlniil nnd euli rnten fln; ,1 nnmiici!coui).iiny,iinrtlicuslciinicr,MHlnaiid Wi.iki. vl-nll lll.HNAllll SJTOHNi:!!. IUM.M1 I.itilv luiielinsed ninl tilted up the uill-knoiui ItuUlsou Hotel riopirly.loenliilH 1 kw noons Aiiuvr. Tin: corur noi si:, on llics.ilnn skin of tho fclreet, In the town of Uloouishui-u; mid IlllNllli; oblltlncd 11 lleenso for tile sunie usu n : S T A U H A X T , tho I'roinletor liUHdeternilned tn KIM' In tin) peo ple Isltlin; thn town on business or pk-ilslire, A LITTLE MDIli: UOO.M. lllshtubllnsnlsnls cjttenslve, mnl Is jltted up Input biiKi!leiiiideurrlni!elul)i"ilr.v. lie proni Iscsthut ccrylhlninboutliNcsinbllsliiiicnl shall Iw tf.ii.lut-t.nl In mi onlerly mnl IiiMlulinalineri and lie lenpecllully solicits n shale "I tin public pulronUKi'. 'i''1"'. 776HK',s"iun'Ki., cir.oit(in w: MAUor.it, iTnprittur. 'JhoulHivn well-known hotel tins recently under cone rudleiil 1 hauKi-H Iii It Inlernul Brrtiniscuieuifc, ull.t Its proprietor aliliouuees tn his lol mer euslnni mid Hit- triiM-IIInu public Unit lilsneeonio-liitlon, fur thecouilort of hWKiiests are second tn none lu thn 1 until ry. ill tnl.lt' will ulwa 8 be found sup plied, not only with huhstniitl.il food, but with all fhn ,t..ll,-iol,.siif the sensoti. Ills wines and li quors (except ihnt popular heverar. known us 'McJinru"). purclmsed dlret-i from the ltnHrtlrw liouses.mn ciiiiieiy pure, 1100 .i-.- ..... .. i--.-snnnusilrUKS. He Is thankful for n liberal pitron f 1 1 IT I II I Ml . "I.WIHIK 1 ft K KWAX IlOTKl., 1 Till: ltl-1-Flt uot-stt, OIlANflHVILI.i:, COLUMIIIA CO., l'A. ibsnibserllier resiH-rtfully Infortm his fi lends mid the public, thnl lit- has taken tin iiIh.m-well Known lli.usi' 01 i.niiriiiiiiii.ini, ni... ... - ilease.1 10 ieeeie inu t-iisioiu m u .. ..... nvnr him Willi n call, UK WILL KKKP A (iOOI) taiili:, nllnr well stuekeit wlih tho best nf LUiuoi, and TV etllirl will be nuidft in ll-nnfr iiiiie s ins- fartlon, JOHN HNYllLll. OrilUKi'Vllie, I'll., .illllcn 11, isiit-ini. TXCIIANHK SALOON, I UK 1 ri'pilt mr 01 ,n t-.tiiiitijiv-.-i.."".. .... on lnnd a large stock of HUMMMt HKl-'Itr.SIIMI-:NTH, t'Olislstlllll of SI'KTl) 0STKIIS, SA1III1MS, TRIPK, nol.OUMA HIIKfl' ro.SIIVK, I10II.MI I.OLS, HWHTZEK CIltBSK, hAOKIl HKRIt, AI.13, AC. r i-OMi; oni:, roMK all a.nmi bi:i:. i LAWSON CALM AN. hupfliuluidcut, IllnonishurK, May 8, 1SCT. A. nl'tiltl'll IIAKSUltT. innnufiK tnier olid repillr. VI l-rof nriethliuj luachlms, I belnniriin uiisy. 11. nr Mini nil Sh' loluullV. U1I.I I H. KtlllN, dellh-r III meat tullow, ele., I neni 1 herllll'sillley, hai-A nl Alurilvnn house, vl-u 11 pMitsiiti.i. ..i.ii.. tniiiU ninl harnet. maker. Jluln si., below lourt, Iu.um, vl-iiio iAMtli:i. JAi'Oliv, HaiWe mid llrownStmi; p- Work,IiitinooinliurK,llerleltroad. vlu)7 v. Tl.rilr.N KNiilllt. llluckkiullli, North-wtt T ei.ini-rol Mnln mnl Westsitlcet. vl-1117 1 I ns. I ll, (Hue .Mul.ir.und WhlUund funoy m om:n Iluvlin; lollswed the piofi-sslon of rublle Vi n.lue rier inr iniinv enrs, wouiu iniorni ins . i. Init bo Issllll lu thn tleld. icn.lv nnd wlllinK lo nl t. ml tr. till the duties of his cnlUnf. !' rson il. slrluit his ken Ices khiillld Cllll or wrlle lo him at nioonikbuiK, IM. Iinius it. -rj)It. W. II. HUADI.KY, ll 'lie .ssisiiini iuciiiciu I'liccu.i t . c .i ij . 1'lIYf.lf'I AN AMI 81'KIIKll.t, r,v-Olllee al the house opposite s-hlve' illisk, Ibot.iusbuii;, I'll, ills piuliiptlyntti tided in both iilahliinn tuiy. Ill isbm:, .Lin. I, sf,7. C ('. s ii i v i:, .......... ......... t A II I 1. 1 .1 Is 1. 11 . AM) HIAM'I'AUrilhU 11V HT1IAM nr SASH, I,1NI)S, DOOltS, H II II T T i: U si, -M O II I. 11 I X ! H, WINDOW rilAJUCS, AC. MAIN siiii:ct, IILOOMSIU'IIO, l'A. -luiio m, i7. rpiIK ICSl'Y H0TK1., isrj, 1-ui.u.iiiii a ttj.s i. i A, Tin: sulterlber r.-kjiei I hilly InrnimaliU frlvtulf nnd tho public, that lie lias taktn the abnie well knnwii llnusti of r.iitc imminent, and will be illlM.ll tlintsti til J.lllll lllllini. .ii. '" "... - plenkiil to r t it-1 mi l lie t-ukli-iu ol nil wuu win favor nun wnn it t-nii, nr. will ki:i:p a (loon taiii.k, a Uar well stiK-ked with the hot of Lliiuom, mnl every etlort will be ininle to lender enure siiIIn- hi.-. ...... . ..--.... t:py, l'n., April l'i, ls!7. TVI'.ltY Customer mnv ho suro of 1 i (Jnod fit UrU0tlUllUKMUEUI.lN' ('lull!' it. noiij.sfix, A T T I ) It N I', -i - A T L A W , m.ooMsiii:p.n, i'r...N'i, Odlce In Uniimrst's lsult.lll.tr. Muln Wrt. t. W.-sl if tin. American House. Inijili . u t; t i o x r. i: it. COl'l .MAN, s COLLINS, 1' A H II I O N A II I. K SllAVINO, II A I It CUTT1NO AM. SIIAMI'DUINd HA I.roN, t)tr Wliinuiyer & Jau.b.i s lie Crenin r-uusui, lILUOMMIirilU, l'A. Hall littlliK tHKt Wlilskelk inloieil blriik nr inwn. Hair '1 mile lo tit Hint ilamllllll and beau- lln IliK the hull 1 w III l. Moic hair tollsorimn.il oloi-without mlllm: ll.e llntt lulilc, innklanlly on buiid. lnpru.7. JI, Alt! MAN. C. II. IIII-I IMU I'.. K. II. llsTMtS. UTMAN, 111 LLlNl.l.ll iv CO,, A1 :tis. Nil, V.MM1IITII lllllll. STIUl.r, .'enl e-p'i.l J.nurt, A'.nf, An.if.f .1 Cli.) luilenile Heillcis In YAltNM. IIATTIMI. WAI'IUN", fAIII oil. 1 1 on.-, stiAi'i-s, ri.r mis, CHAIN JIAIi", niliHAOi:, At'. Al.HO, WILLOW ANI WI'Ol'llN WAltH, bill SHI'S, TIIU.M.S, l-OOKINII UI.ASSKS, KTI'. Mav HI. NI7-1V. rAUT.MAN & LNdKLMAN, TOIIAIXO, HNUIT & Hl.flAU MA.NI'rAl'IOHV, Mi. 31.1 Mil: 111 lllllU'srilKI T, Hecond 1 lour Is low Wuisl, I' II I I, A 1) r. I.l' li I A. J, V. WAIirSt.VN. H, 1'. I'.MIKLHAK, A LL KlniU of Iteady Mado Clothing S allow Hi:ures nl Ciii.miii iii-in's fh.liilun wore, llnitiiii.i. ' block, lilisiumburt!, I'a.l'i-am. LL KINDS OK JOB I'lllNTI.Mt n.-ullv enetul.j lit THK t;ot.UlUlAJI IKIW.U1 rMutiiigOillce. als who conmose it. there Is in fact representation of only a part, In other word", representation, Instead of being complete and eo-extentlvu with all those wno are to lie reprcsenieu, nun who are to be bound by tho action of govern ment, is partial and restricted to a part alono of tho political body. Well, gentlemen, in the infancy ortho carlvstiurcHof tlieirovcrnment.an imper fection of this kind may bo permitted or overlooked. tno aiiairs oi society, when they are not complicated before tho community lias necomo rien, no fore its ullalrs, social anil political, be eomo involved and intricate, may ad niitof vcrv rude and ImDerfectarranL'e incuts, and yet (ho people may bo well governed, the laws may bo Just and wholesome, nnd administered lu the proper spirit and with complete success, lltit. as wealth necumulnles, ni popula tion becomes dense, and great cities grow up, us vices are spreau turoiigii the social noily, aim as widely extend ed and complicated political action be comes necessary, those earlier and sim pler arrangements -imperfect always lii-i-niiio nonitlvelv pernicious nnd hurt fill, and the necessity arises for their correction, ami iiiai iiiesysiein ui gov ernment Bhall bo purillcd and invigo ratal by amendment. In vour lionular elections which nro In id or taken under thu inajoiity, or rather under tile nluralitv rule, which ordinarily ".mounts to tho samo thing at your popular elections tho smaller number oi voices which uio spui.eu in the election of representatives who mo to enact your J.twn are stricken from the count. When tho otll cers charged with the duty of col lecting thu voices of the peoplo comu to iiiako tin tho account and deelaro tho result, thev striku from the yoll or tho return, all thoso who when numbered nro tlio smaller quantity or tho smaller political force. Then alter your rcpie-t-oiitntivcs selected in this manner by a majori y merely, by a part ot mo com munity, nro convened together, when thev coiiio to act In t ho bllsinesd ol gov eminent to enact laws, they again act bv a similar rule. Thu majority In tho li'iirosentutivo body pronounces the opinion nnd decree of that body, and Wliat lliey prnuuuncu ui-cunicn um liliulliiL' ii ix .1 1 all tho people. Now what is observable. In this statement of fuels? Wh v. that In tho Ilrtt place, in selecting representatives you striku olf n mirt of tlio political bodv : then.iigaiu. In rcprosentuUvo action, you strike oil' tlio minority oi inuiepresi-iiiuiise uuuj , ho represent another portion or mass of the popular electors. The result Is that your laws may ho made by men who represent a minority of thu peoplo who are to bu bound by tho laws so made. A repiesentatlvo majority may nut be. lu i t ii nt of fact and olten Is not a repiesciilatlvo of n majority of the people. When we eomo lo consider in addi tion to this that tho representative ma jority, whether In nStato Legislature or In Congress, In modern tlme, or lu com tiumtlvelv corrupt times, when perni cious and scllWi interests Invado the hulls of legislation, ordinarily acts un der what Is known us thu caucus sys tem, viitt perceive how far we have de parted from those- popular principles upon which wo professed to found our ttystciii originally, and which wo sup posed wouiu give vitality aim mcrgy to its action. A caucus, a privalo con- Htiltatlon of majority members, rules tnoactionoi tno represeniaiivomajoniy, that majority rules the entire represen tntl vobody.aud that reprtwutatlvobody li composed of representatives of only a partol' thopolltli.il community. Is it not then established by this Inquiry that Instead of our representative system being what wo originally Intended It to bu, mid what we had supposed It would ne, it is in us practical iiciiou eiiuiuciei Ized hv Imperfections which must ar rest universal attention when tho facts aro examined, and provoke a cry for Miinii measure of amenilineut and re form',' And if a project of reform nnd amendment bo ptoposcd. which Is prac tical, reaionaufi) und wl enn be brought forward, It will be ourbultiess to einbr.teo It with promptness and with gladness nf heart. Now what tin wo deslro? W'c may desire that thu whole people, Instead of a p-irt of Ihem, shall bo represented lu tho government, nnd that Is precisely what 1 propose. In acciuopllsliliig this object, differences of opinion, as In all eases of new Inquiries may be expect ed. One may havu ouo projeit, and an other, another. In a time of Inquiry, of movement lu tho public mind, It Is not well, and It is not lo bo expected, that all in i mis should rim In the same channel ; and that nut of tho Inquiries which Individuals enter upon, the same ultimate proposition should bo evolved by each. How will we then obtain representation In government of the entire mass of the people V Let ns eomo tn that question, and in coming to it iti'itilri Into the several plans or urn- Jecla which Imvo been suggested to se- euro tun object. Tliey may lie elaseil under threu heads. In tho first place, It has been propo-cd In various fornu thill Lvli.u- tlmr.i hIk.mIiI lie fi r.-sl t-li-to.1 or limited mode of voting. Again, it has been proposed that the elector, hi all elections of representatives and of other ofllcers where more tlianoiionro to be chosen, may bestow Ids voles upon a smaller number than the whole; in other words, he may exercise what Is known as the Cumulative Vote. Again, there has been proposed in (treat llrltaln, and elaborately defended in that country, what is called the system of Personal lie presentation, by which an elector shall ho emancipated from tho ordinary bonds and trammels of party organization, and shall be as an Individual and not as a member of a parly represented lu l'arllaiiieut or other body of u similar constitution. Now, as to the first of these, that Is the limited or restricted vole I u-e there words because I havu none moie expressive or convenient at hand as to this first or limited vote: When you pass to your places of election mid pro ceed to choose for your-elves the elec tion odlcers who shall hold elections during the year in your several elec tion districts, ubat do you do? Kach elector votes for one inspector, and yet two are cho-cn. Here Is a lim itation upon tho voter. Instead of vot ing for botlt the Jaw says that he shall vote for but one. What Is the practical result throughout the Statu under till, law? Why, that one Inspector belongs to tno majority party m encli election district, and thu other belongs to an op posing one. in otner worm, uotn tnu ami's into wmcii our political society s ordinarily divided, aro represented lu tho election boards. Thus you secure repre-cutatlon of the entire nins of electors, and yet you secure it by n lim itation uiion 1 1 ie vines of ui.-iiviuuui electors. A bat has been the practical result of- this arrangement, which is found in your State election law ol lRao? lias the result been good or bad? Why, there is not a man who hears me, or an intelligent, Honorable citizen in tills Commonwealth, who would not cry rtluinie" ll mat law were repealed, it ! a law bv which elections aro kept comparatively pure: by which fraud is prevented, ami inirness is secured to me Hi.en in polling ins vote. 1 believe in this city, when you come- to choose assessors In your several wards, those interesting persons who havu control over your pockets, (laugh ten, who take valuations of your prop erty, whosu action as public ofllcers Is most interesting to you, uacii elector votes for one, and yet two are selected. In this case you n re secured. 1 presume. against partiality and inju-tii-o in tho ndminlstration of tho tax laws by di viding tlio.su olllcer-s between political parties. l am toin auo mat in selecting your cliool directors each scliool illvi-lou or ward lias twelvo directors, who Imvo charge of your school system one third, that is four, elected in each year, In voting, each elector voles for but three, so that It ordinarily happens that the lourlh man chosen each year will hoof ,t different opinion politically from tlio ninlority of his fellow directors; will represent in tho government of the school district one hiuii oi opinion while the greater number of his col leagues will represent another. At the last si's.- onof yourState Lei:! latnrea law was passed which tool; from tliecomnussioners oi counties and sper- Ills, tlie selection or jurors lor the sever al courts throuirliout thu Common wealth, (ireat complaints were made In this matter, especially in tlio Interior of the Mtate. Y on nan a particular ur rtiiiiTcmcnt in this city, which has not been disturbed, to wit: tho selection of Jurors by the Judges of tho several courts, in order to insure inipariiainy anil fairness, and prevent the intrusion of political interests or passions in tho selection of your jurors. Hut in tlie in terior thu duty ol selecting jm-ois,wiilcii was formerly charged upon the coin-mis-donors and Hie sherllls of theseer- al counties, was taken away al tlio last session of thu Legislature, and eoiillded to two oflU-ers in eacli county, who am to be called Jury commissioners. The l're-lilent .ludgu oi eaeu i ouuiy nns aomo lunction or limy m conneciion with these olllce.-i it is somewhat doubtful what It I the law was badly drawn hut substantially tho power of selection heretofore exercised by tho rrdlnary ofllcers of counties, to whom 1 have referred, Is now to bo esnfhled to the-e jury commission ers. How aro they to be chosen? As In the easo of inspector of election, where one candidate alone Is voted for hut two nie to be chosen, ny this means it is lo be supposed that there will bu fairness in the selection of Jurors throughout tho State, and the nbu-es which have heretofore prevailed will bo removed from our system tlio abu-u that In lie publican counties Democratic citizens WCIOOXCIUUCII III 1111 lllllCllsillllll.il' lA tent, from the liir.v-how and that on tin other hand, In licmocraticeouiitlc.'', Ile puhlican Jurymen were unreasonably excluded. Here again Is a limitation upon Uio elector. He snail vote for but ono of these olllci-1, who are to select the men who may sll upon questions which re Into to his life, lo his property, or to his reputation, mid yet by this limitation fuller leprescntation of the pconlo und fairness In trials aro secured. 1 think that n niucli wiser arrangement might have been made than that, if 1 had po-scs-ed power to mould this law upon mis sun ect, t wouni nave sinipiy changed the mode In which counly commissioners am chosen, 1 would Imvo had them selected upon the prin ciple of tho eiimulatlvo voto (which I will presently explain,) or upon me ...l,,,.l.,l,.,,r 1 1;.. ll..,!l,,.l ,-.,l,, W'.i tt-roil.l liavo obtained substantially, In that way the samo result without two addition, al olllcers, and without certain Inconve niences which attend upon mo existing law. Hut tho object was laudable, and the effect which will bo produced by that law will huHalutar). l'nblli! opin ion will taku hold of It ami uphold It hereafter as n Just and wlo arrange ment compared with thoonolt superse ded. Lctiiiulllustratothlshleaof limited vo ting which has obtained In our Statu by another ease, taken from theStato of N. Y. Under tho Constitution of that Slate. every twenty years tho question of re forming thu rltutu Cnir-tltiitlon U to bo submitted to a vote of tho people, and In ease they voto lu favor of a conven tion to amend tlieCoiistltutloii.ouo Ik to bo called, it happened last year that a Convention was lo bo called nnd Gover nor Centou proposed to the Legislature that In addltioi.to the selection of dele gates from tho representative districts of tho Statu (one from ech,)there should bo iii delegates selected at large. In se lecting these .TJ delegates, each elector in tlio Statn to vote for but 111. Ills rtcominendatloii was adopted hy tho Legislature, so that the existing Consti tutional Convention of New York (It has not concluded thepcrformuneoof It? duties! Is constituted of representative elected from thu representative districts and of !li delegates from the Stato at large. Of tho latter, Hi belong to each political party, for such was the Inevi table effect ot the plan adopted. Many men went Into tho convention, nnd are now sitting In It, wlm could not hnvo been elected in tlielr several local tils trlcts, bceau-o tho paity with which they were associated was In the minori ty in their several localities. In select ing delegates from tho Stato nt largo this was possible, and able men were selected on both sides men of great weight and e:reat wisdom. Thesn cases of limited voting In our own Stato which I have mentioned, and tlds case in isew York, will sulllceso far ns our own 'huh try is concerned. Now, let mo carry you lo Kntilaud for it tuo'iient to see what has been done there In this same direction, in ls.'il, under the administration of Lord Aber deen, Lord John Ilus-cl Introduced a reloini hill, which underwent protract ed tltscuston In tlio Hou-o of Commons. Ono rent tiro of this bill was that in all con-til ucucle-s selecting three members of l'.ullamenl no elector .should vole ror more than two, tho result of which would have been to give to the minori ty class or electors, ordinarily, the third member. That bill, however, tlid not become n law j It fell, and other reform bills Introduced slncu Into Parliament have failed. Hut during the , resent year a hill was passed through Parlia ment In amend and reform the repre sentation of tho people of Kngland ill the Hotiso nf Comuionv. Tlie iteform llill having passed the House of Com mons, mnl biijnir underconsldei-ation ill Hie House of Lords on tliuHOth of July fast. Lord (a rues moved to amend clause K of tlio bill by adding. 'Ut a ontested election for anv count v or borough repre-ented by three members, no person shall vote for more than two candidates." This was substantially, il not in exact terms, the same as the clause In the Ku.-cll Iteform Hill of lh-.l, After undergoing debate, this iimenilment was adopted in the Hou-e of Lords by the following vote: Con tents, 1 It! ; non-contents, .11, or by the largo majority of !)1 In its favor. Tlio bill being returned with this and other amendments to the Houseof Commons, was again considered in that House. I-mnl v, upon t ho 6t li of AitL'tist. after prolonged and exhaustive debate, in which men whoso names aro known throughout the enrth participated, up on motion to strike out this amend ment mado by the House of Lords, tho vote stood, ayes -ol, tines i, iielng a majority of 1!) lu favor of retaining the provision, and It wits retained by that vote ; ami thu bill subsequently passing and receiving thcapproval of the Crown, it oceanic, and is now mo law oi ureal Hrltaln (from which country wo de rive our political descent and many of our principles oi ireu government, in cluding that of representation. 1 Hence forth, in the election of members ortho popular hou-o or Parliament, where a constituency select three members, two snan nu given to mo majority nun ono to tno minority oi mo electors, nssum lug that tho latter coiistltuto as large t mass as one-third of tho whole number. This is the most notable Instance of the application of the limited voto to secure tho representation of tho whole politi cal mass or the community, or of a par ticular con.tlteney charged with the duty and power of selecting representa tives for the enactment of laws. liv these Instances selected In our own country and abroad, it Is manifest that attention has been largoly drawn to this ouestlon of amendment In retire- sentatlnn, and of mitigating the evils and Inconveniences which must always arise under an unchecked, unmitigated unamended ma ority rule. Hut. gentlemen. 1 pass from tho con slderallon of tills modcnfumcndlhi: rep resentation to the second rorm which propositions for that purpose have ass uined, in oilier words, I pass to the ills cuss' in of the topic which Is mint inter esting atthlstiniu for our consideration, I menu tho plan ol cnitiuttttirc viiliwj, as tt lias ueeit named, nils was in inouisi instance proposed, explained, and advo cated by James (Jarth Marshall, a nib lect of tho Crown of (.rent Hrltaln: anil ny ids proposition aim nis advocacy oi II, ne nas given ins name to me pouu cal history oi ins country met to me po litical history of representative lustltii thins everywhere in lutiiru times, fo; no one previously had mastered this subject with such grasp, no one had looked Into It with such intuitive per ception of all its characteristics, and was able to strike precisely Hie point where reform could be most p.ifcly nnd ell'ect ively Introduced, It Is preferable, lull nl telyprefer.ihl.',toul I propositions lorsu curing the representation of all Interests in society by any lliiiltailoiiiip-uillieelec-tor's voto lu the manner of the various propositions which 1 hnvonlie.idy des cilbed. This system or plan oi'ciimulatlvo vo ting lias been endorsed by John Stuart Mill, in Ids work on Parliamentary Ite form, and lu Ills work on ltepresenta the (I'overuiuent, and since siipi oiled by him ably lu the llotiso of Commons. It has been rccoiuniondu l.ulso, by Hurl (ircy, in his work on Parliamentary He form, edition of 1801. it was propo-ed during thu recent consideration of thu Iteform Hill, in tlio Houcof Cmmons, by Mr. Lowe, on the ."ith of July last, and after debate received the very re spectable support of IT.'I votes. It is he trinnliur to attract. In this country, that degrei-or attention which It nients.aud which Is naturally provoked by the lit- iiuiry w hich has taken place abroad. I them tho power of providing tho man ner In which those electors shall ho cho sen. What, then, Is cumulative voting? It Is that where more than one olllcer Is lo he choscii,tho elector In tho first place shall possesi as many votes ni there mo persons to bochpson, nnd next, ho may bestow those votes at his discretion up on the wh ile number or persons to be chosen, giving one voto lo each, or up on any less number, cumulating Ids votes upon one, two, three, or nny other number les than the whole. That Is simple lu Its statement, although Its erect, the practical character ortlm pro position, requires some Inquiry ninl pro longed experience- to Its entire compro- neiision. wnat is the result V it Is that nny pnllcnl Interest In n community, whether In a Stale or In it division or a State, If It enn ascertain about thu rela tive proportion which Its strength bears to the whole mass of the vote, or to the voto ofanopposlng Interest, may cast the suH'ragcs ol lis members Insiich manner that they will tell upon tho result; and It will happen that every man, or about every man who votesshall votoforacandl datowhoshallbcclioeii,and there will be In such thlngns unrepresented minorities left. They will he wiped out or tho sys tem : they will no longer exist. To speak of this m a plan forthoroprcsentu Hon of minorities, Is an abu-e of terms, because It conveys no Idea whli h attach es to the I.it) . I-ar bo it from us to arm a minority with power which wo know even majorities abuse I Tho proposition now submitted to Us Is not Hint there shall be majorities and mlnorltlis known in election returns, hut that the men who vote shall voto for tho-e who will be chosen, anil who will In point or fact represent them. I cannot better Illustrate the scheme than by theci-e of Vetmont, which I have Used on another oocit-lon. There nro Oil.nnn voters in Vermont, of whom lo,iii)0 ure members of the ll publlcan party, and !W,Oni) of the Democratic party. I speak lu round numbers. Hy law that State Is entith d to three Itepresenlallve.s in Congress, because her popul itlon, under the Con stitution of the Cnitcd States, author izes the allotment oftliat iiuinberto her. Now what ought to taku place thero? The majority should elect two Keprc-sentalivc-i, having lo.onn votes, and thu minority should elect one, having tM, 000 votes; but Is that so lu point of fact nt present? If the electors or that State votu for three Representatives, by general ticket, the majority would elect me wuoie mree. it tno. 'stato no divi ded up Into single districts, it is a mat ter oi chance now the result will lie, whether all three districts will have majorities of the sauiu political com plexion or not. '1 sav It is a matter of chance nay, more than that, it is a matter of honesty in tho Legislature of tho State, and nny political majority that has control of the Legislature will very likely frame the districts to suit Its own Interests. We know that these things occur everywhere. Hy cumu lative voting, hy authorizing the lltl.tiuo minority electors of that Slate to give each threo votes to ono candidate, that candidate wou d receive i;i .oun voles. and the majority cannot defeat him. The majority voting tor two representatives enn elect them, but they cannot elect the third. Suppose they attempt to votu for three candidates, they can only give men oi mem su.uuo votes, aim me mi nority candidate has cu.oiiii. U they at tempt to vote for two, us they ought to tlo, that being the number they are en- utieti to, tuey can give them uo.uou votes each, tho samo number that thu minority candidate has. If they attempt ed to voto for one, they would glvo that ouo candidate HiO.mil). but of course they would not throw away tlielr voles in l that foolish manner. The practical re sult would bo that tho lujiui) majority electors in mat state would vote lor two candidates and elect them, and tho 20, 000 minority electors would voto foronu nnd elect him j and results analagous to tills would occur all over the Cnitcd States It" this system were applied. In every State the freemen, each po-s.-ss-ing an equal right with his neighbor, would each votu for u representative lu i. engross who would speak his voice and obey his will and thus you would obtain throughout tho country. In each State. an actual representation of the whole mass of peoplo on both sides honest representation Instead of a sham a government by the majority lu point of met in congress iiisteati nian accidental result, which may bn one way or the other, and isjtist as likely to bu minori ty rulo its anything else, anil always and under nil circumstances, unjust rules. Oh! gentlemen, what would happen then'.' Some little people in the Mate Legislatures, di-stitutu of honor, but greedy of gain and of personal objects, would no longer gerrymander your States (applause) would no longer sit thero in quiet chambers, concocting in justice by law, studying how they cm i rovcut their neighbors lrom being rep- i o-eiited In the go vt rniiient andgetaiiun dueslmre of publlopowcr fur thiuiselves and for friend-.TIiat iniquity would be en dcdantl would no moiu heard of amongst us. Why, gentlemen, at this moment, from tlio Hritlsh pos.-,csslons upon the northeast to the llolden tJate of the Pa cillc, there is probably not ono honest vlco by which thu majority shall rulo niulshall pronounce Its volceln u falrnnd honest manner, Agnln.a system of cum ulative voting would securo to you, In your legislative bodies, men of high ability, nnil securo them for long pe riods of time, because elections would not hcHiihlcct to the uncertainties which attend ordinary elections under the ma jority rule. A political party In Penn sylvania, constlf utlngiiboutor neurone half Us electors, assuming that the Stato would bo permanently untitled, say to twenty-four members (tho pres ent number;, can keep about a dozeu men continuously in Congress for n Ions period of time. Justns long as they re tain tho conlldenco of their constituents they will bo elected, becauso tho merit of this plan Is that ono part of tho com munity cannot voto down another. I-iich will get Its duo share of represen tatives, and can keep It nlways simply by giving voles only to tho niniinor which they nro entitled to have, nnd which thev can elect. This svstem would secure contentment to men con- u.lf.tfl.w. ...It.,.-!.!'., !... n.. because such minorities would ho abol- tipportioiiuieut law lor members of Con gress, and you will scarcely ever have one, unless in an exceptional ciVio.wliorc one political Interest shall imvo control of the upper branch of a Legislature, ami ano'.tier of the lower, holding i.ieh other lu check, mid conipelllngsoine de gree of fairness In the formation of the law. I do not deslro to siieal; on any topic which may bear partisan complexion. 1 am aliuqst.ifitild lo elteeaes lest I shall be thought to have an object or purpo-e not openly avowed. Let me tell you, the dlllleulty In this easi. is in human nature, anil you nu.st frame your sys tem so that mischief will not result, "It Is necessary," said a great ami wise Ished at popularelc-ctlons, nnd although their representatives bo voted down In representative bodies, they would bu heard there, und It Is a great satisfaction for a man to bo heard even when Judg ment is pronounced against him. That is what wo suppose to be one great ad vantage or courts orjusticu: a man Inn his day lu court, nnd ho Is heard ; Judg ment Is not pronounced in Ids nosenco or without n hearing. Just so, minor! ties lu our country usthcy nro now con stituted, are ilNsatlslled, nnd they nl ways will bo dl-satlslled under the present system. Let them be heard, and If tho decision Is against them In tho legl-latWebody, they will acquiesce, be causo they havu had fair treatment. This Is human nature. Hvcry ono can seo that that would bu so. Should wo not, therefore, be less liable to revolt, to convulsion, to war? Content your peo ple, Improve your system so that It will work happily und properly, nnd you crush out thu seeds of political convul sion. Applause. I need not go over the other heads of the argument at length, because time will not nermlt me. I Insist ns n prin cipal argument, however, for this modo of taking the seiiso of the electoral body that it would bo a great check upon cor ruption. Now, what causes corruption at your elections? What brings It Into being? 1 submit that question to you gentlemen, us men of ordinary experi ence. What is It? Ono candidato wants to get a nialorltv over another candi date. The district play bo close, or at least each side may have hopes or carry ing it, passion Is aroused, to use a com mon expression, tho blood Is up, ambi tion calls, private Interests prompts. Here and thero wo know, ror so the fact stands revealed to us, a candidate, or tno irieiuis or n candidate, will resort to corrupt means, for what purpose? To get tliu balance of power, to turn thn scale, not to corrupt the great body of inu electors, out to gain me icntn, tno t wentietn, or the iilttetli man who hoiiu In his hands tlio balance of power be tween political interests. In this man ner these contests for local majorities and for State majorities between parties, call into existence all the evil and cor rupt Influences which attend our elec tions. A man at Harrisburgornt Wash ington is expected to distribute partron ago around hlsdlstrlct, so that ho can get votes to beat somebody el.-o when hu comes before tho peoplo again. A man with his pocket full of accumulated gains, tho result of hU own thrift aiul cunning, or tho accumulation of bis an cestors, wants a few votes In ireiknn ma jority against an opposing candidate, ami nu gives money to electioneering agents, and does not Inquire how it is applied. Aftcrawlillo great complaints are inane in your community of a cor rupt election. You hear such express ions as "shocking-," "horrible," "what Is tho country coming to: what Is tho social body and what is the political body coming to?" Corruption rai-es Its head in America ; it Is tho danger lu our path: it isthuglaut wo have to fear, whoso blows will lay low our republic an system If It is ever protratod. Does not your majority rulo invito all theso evil Influence.-.? Oo out and maku In qulry about your last Congressional election In certain districts, and vou will hear, 'Oh, money carried it; hero was a boss who was bought up; he had control of fifty or ono hundred men: In another district another had control or fifty or ono hundred electors, and thu election was turned. It took only 200 votes to win, and away goes the victor to hlstiost ofduty, to make laws for tlm American people. 1 am not talking of things abroad. This cry comes to yeu in this city. Ye, corruption Is Increas ing In America. And what Invites It? 1 will answer In a word it is tho ma jority rule at popular elections which Invites It, It Is becauso you havo an uu-ju-t or imperfect system hv which near ly on-lmlfof thu community have their voices stilled; thu corrupt iimu buys a fuiv votes, and thousands of his fellow citizens have no voice In the govern ment; they are outvoted; live votes will do It, if tliey create a iiuijorit x . as well as ,1,001). Adopt a plan by which every political parly, and every political iu- thlngs power should be a check lo ptiw- nr" Wliut s-.lil lie l.elo.llf" l'l...r.- sludt describe It In a moment, l-'or the I is no earthly puwer that has nut grown present, 1 will simply say that, the exorbitant when It Ims met with nucon third proposition of reform, known us ; trul," Take these words of men who pinuintt ;(.' itiilatiuit, which looks to , thought wisely und profoundly, and oilier objects and to other const'- 1 then look at your existing political ae qiicuees, f shall not attempt to di-c-us Hon ami seo whether it is not a strtiggio to-night. It Invites us over too wuloa Held of inquiry lor the time at our dis posal; and, I may add, that It Involves so many additional considerations and so much of prolonged debate that, with in Hie ordinary compass of a iiieciiug, it Willi HI IM HIIPOsslPIo to OMIIlUsl IIIOMIP- Jcct or to eomo to an Intelligent corn-Ill- sum upon It. i presume ai-o, speiiKing i generally concerning It, that it will boa considerable, time before wo shall bo In posse-siou oftliat amount of experience and of discussion which aro rcqulsltn to its adoption in this country. Now, what icumttltitii-evotinuf 1 pro-po-o tint what Is known by this term ll.-.l ... ..... I .' snail in. iqiiiiii-ii it. me cit--viii.il in repre sentatives In Congress, ami to thoeholco of el ectors of President anil Vice-President of thu Culled States. It admits. also, of application to the selection of senators and representatives lu tho several State Legislatures, und tn tho selection of county commissioners, and po.-lbly other uiltccrs, lu what 1 shall say at this time, However, 1 shall con terct,lfit choo.se, can elect Its men, anil can elect ai many men as Its num bers entitle It to, and you nro done with this abuse of corrupting votes to turn the scale, you are done with this pur chase of majorities, you nro done witli tills scandal of your system, und vou have taken thu mostelleetual guarantee which, with our present Information, It in p sslblu for us to securo for its Integ rity and Its perpetuity hereafter. Oreat applause.; Cutler a system of cumu lative voting, in the present Congress the delegation from this Stato would stand twelve Itepubllcans and twilvs Democrats. Why? Hecauso each party has .SOil.Oim vote-in till-State, and each one knowing that Its strength was about "that by the very constitution of equal to the other, would have cuuiula- ii-ii it -voles upon twelvo men and elec-i.-1 ihem, und there would have been a lair lepresentatlon of the State. Ver mont would have had two majority a jd one minority member, us I have shown, Kentucky, which sends nine Democrat ic mciiihir, would have -ent two or three Itepubllcans lu her deb-gallon. miner a sounti iiione oi voting: aim Maryland, Instead or one Republican inpinberout or live, would hai sent two. In Connecticut, Instead of .hive Democratic representative-, out of four, there would nave been two, because the vote of the State was about a tlo, and so throughout the Cnion. Youcati not tako u Stato and examine thn facts relating to It In any authentic publlca'ton without seeing this element ui injustice entering into your system oi poisoning it nt ns very louniain. 1 need hardly say and this Is, per fur power lusteudof it struggle lurjustiie; whether It li not a struggle i.y each in terest to obtain nil it can, ami toiotnlu all It can and to keep away from an opposing interest anything like u lair distinction of puwer und fair treat ment. It Is necessary, then gentlemen, that, by your lined arrangements In your constitutions and laws you shall curb thu Injustice of human nature, that you shall so ariange your sysleni that evil ami seiiisii men cannot pcrscri it lo their own purposes and lo the Injury of others. A system of cuiuulatlvo voting secures the government ortho real ma jority of tho people, !n-tead of striking nil' a part of them In the popular elec tions; thuy iiroull represented In the representative body, whether Congress or tho Statu Legislature, and there bv a slnglo operation the vote Is taken, tlie majurity pronounced ami a proposi'ti law Is enacted or defeated. Instead of sever al processes and ail eventual decision by a representative majority, uiovui una lluo myself, In tno tllsciis-Iou of this governed by a caucus, Vou will havu plan, mainly to tho election of repre- fair, equal, extended, complete repre sentatives, in Congress. This relorni scntution of thu whole mass of the pen- cult bo Introduced by act of Congress pie, and tho proper voice of the majori- milium uuy ct'iisiiiiuii.iiiii viiuuKi' , nun th" plan can hu applied to the election of Protiiileiitl.il electors by tho Leglsla-tu-es of thu several Statis, who under tint Constitution, have touiiultUU to haps, a dellcatu branch of my speech that If in any part of this Union wo am to havu two classes of voters, distin guishable by raco or color, u very con siderable part of tho mischief and evils which the opponents of tho extension of Hiill'ragu apprehend would be preven ted or removed by tho adoption of thn euiiiiilatlvu vote. Instead of thu cry being raised, "ouo raeo votes down ait other and has his heel upon It" wn havu heard that nil over thu North, and wo know how powerfully It has influ enced the electionsInstead of that cry It would ho announced that each race, obtained representation in proportion ty proiioumed In tlie reprcentutlvo to Its iiuuiberi, wlthuut direct antago holy. nlsin or colllslun. This however, Is na 1 repeat, this Is no plan fur minority argument for gentlemen In n different repics-entatlon ; It Is a plan fur tho rep- position from myself. As to them 16 rcsentutlon of the wholo people-ii do-1 continciuun iuviuuimuk. V iuuuur,Hcwtiowu, vi- rr
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