VOL. I.-NO. 18.
rjIIIJ FLORENCE
SEWING-MACHINr..")
Ann thi; ijisst in thk woumi.
BnUsrooms, CIO Chestnut Mreet, Pliltadeliiblo, I'n,
Wlillo n largo iiumbcr of Machine linvo been
offered tiitho public, noma of which limsm point
of cxeellenee Mid ncknowlfdiicd merit, mo hnvo
Iohr felt what others linvooxperleneed, llio ne
crnlty of a Machine more jiorfect In Un niielinnl
cnl structure, cenililnlng In the.
lllOHIIST PKOItKK
SIMPLICITY WITH DUUAIHLITY,
nnd while cnpible of dolus ft
annATLii iianch; or woiik,
ono tint could be cnlly understood nnd coinprc
liendcd by nil.
To supply n Kowlnsc-Mnchlno free from tho ol
Joctlom nttnehed to others lm been no easy tnk j
for w not only had to surpass other Machine, ns
they nppenred yearn ago, but nlso ns Improved
from tlmo to tlma by more recent experience.
This we boldly clnlm 1ms been accomplished by
tho liberal expenditure of capital, nnd tho pn
tlcnt, untlrlnR labor of yenrsj and In presenting
our Maeilno to tho public, wo shall mnlto strong
assertions respecting its merits, which wo aro
prepared to substantiate in every particular.
Discarding tho Chain and Loop, or Knit stitches,
wo adopted tho
LOCK HTITCII
(nllko on both sides of tho fabric), which Is re
named by tho masses ns best suited to all kinds
of work. Hut to meet objections sometimes urced
ngalnst this favorite Hitch, wo have ndded tho
Knot, Double Lock, nnd Double Knot, cither of
wnicn is
BTrtoNonn and mom: iu.ahtio
than tho Lock; thus enabling tho operator to
select a stitch
rnnrncTLY suitkd
to ovexy grndo of fubrl and whero necessary, sew
cam much stronger than It Is possible to do by
hand,
THE FLOItHNCi:
makes
roun Dii'rintcNT STiTcuns
with as much en ns ordinary Machines make
one, and with ns little machinery.
Tho result of repeated tests has been nil wo
could desire, and from Its first Introduction the
Florenea hns gnlncd hosts of friends, nnd been
regarded as n
HOUSEHOLD NECESSITY;
proving that tho public fully appreciate tho ninny
ndvnntages combined In tho Florence Machine.
Over nil others, tho Florence, must bo seen to bo
fully nppreclnted.
Wo clnlm lor tho
FLORENCE
tho following
ADVANTAGE
over any nnd all
SEWING-MACHINES IN THE WOULD:
It makes four different stitches, tho lock,
knot, double-lock, nnd double-knot, ou ono nnd
tho soma machine. Each stitch being alike on
both aides of tho fabric.
S- Every Mnchlno his tho reversible feed mo
tion, which ennbles tho operator, by simply turn.
lug a thumli-sercw, to havu the work run cither
to tho right or left, tostny nny part of thoscnm,
or fasten tho ends of scams, without turning the
rnurlc
ff-Changing tho length of stitch, nnd from
ono kind ufstltch tonnother, can readily bo done
whlla tho Machine is In motion.
S Tho ueedla Is easily adjusted, and does not
skip stitches.
-It is nlmost noiseless, nnd can bo used
svherequlet Is necessnry.
JCjr-Its motions are nil positive; there nro no
springs to get out of order, nnd Its slmiUIcity en-
ablesnuyor to operate it.
It does not require finer thread on the under
than for tho upper side, nnd will sewncrovs the
heaviest seam, or from ono to mora thicknesses
of cloth, without change of needle, tension, break
Ing thread, or skipping btltehcs.
.r Tho He-mmer is easily adjusted, nnd will
turn nny width of hem desired.
43 No other Mnchlno will do so or nt a range
of work ns the Florence.
3-H will hem, fell, bind, gnlher, braid, quilt
nnd gather nnd sew on n ruftlo at the sumo time
It has ns springs to get out of order, nnd will last
a lifetime.
W It Is fully protected nnd licensed by Ellas
Howe, Jr., nnd our own Letters Patent.
The taking up of tho slack-thread Is not pel
formed by the Irregular contraction of n wlrocoll
or uncertain operation of springs. Tho precision
nnd accuracy with which tho Florence draws the
thread Into tho cloth is itnnpproached ny any
Sewlng-Machlno hitherto offered In tho world.
We furnish each Machine with " llnmiiin's Pelf.
Sewer," which guides tho work Itself, and Is of In
calculable value, especially to ln$pcrlciicc opi r-
atom.
While possessing tho nbove.nnd many other
advnntngce, the Florenco Is sold nt rorresxnidlng
prices with other llrst-elnss .Machines, mm a care
Tul examination will fully substantiate all that
we have claimed for It, nnd Justify tho assertion
svo now mnlte, that It Is the best Sewlug-Machluo
111 tho world.
Wo wnrannt every Machine to bo nil that w
claim for It, and to give entire satisfaction, and
will give a written warranty, if required.
Liberal nrrangements made with those who buy
to sell again. Further Information may bo h.id
by Inclosing stamps to the General Ollleo of tho
Florenco Howlng-Machlno Company, 0.10 Chestnut
Htrcet, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
rltlCES OF MACHINES.
No. I. Plain. This Machine, makes tho lock
andknot stitches ,and has the reversible fced.JC3
No. !, Florence. Gold-ornamented Machine,
with drawer, and light cover, without lock;
mukes nil tho four stitches, nnd hns the re
versible feed
No. 3. Sllver-pluted Machine, ornamented ;
table oll-flnUhed walnut, with heavy half
rate, lock and drawer; mnkes nil tho four
stitches, nnd has the reversible feed
Wo. I.-Sllver-plntixl Machine, highly orna
mented, nnd makes all tho four stitches,
nnd has the reversible feed.
PolUhed mahogany table..
Polished Koscwnod Table
No. 5. Wnlnut table, In oil
Mahogany table, In nil
Hobcwood table, in oil
No, 0. Wnlnut, oil finished
Mahogany table
Itosowood table
$75
$81
O, a. EVANS, (lenernl Agent,
CM Chestnut Street, Philadelphia,
JOB
PRINTING
Ncntly executed at thin OUlce.
COLUMBIAN,
V "Democratic Newspaper,
IS I'Clll.HIIKII KVF.ItY lltlllAY JlOll.SINd AT
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THEprlnclplesoftbispaperaicoftlieJcffersoi .
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ndlvldunls, or with contemporaries of the Press.
Tho unity, happlnt ss, nnd prosperity of tho coun
try Is our aim and object; and ns tho means to
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HttOCKWAY & FltEEZi:,
"CblimM OJJlce,"
Ilt.oo5i.smmo, P.v.
rrlnted nt Roblson's llulldlngs, near tho Court
House, by Ciias. M. Vandihui.icf,
1'llANK 1!, KN lll.lt,
PROFESSIONAL CARDS.
H. LITTLE,
AiTOH N K Y - A T - L A W,
Office on Main street, In brick building below the
'ourt House, lUoomsburg, Fa,
M.
E. JACKSON,
AT T O It N E Y-A T-I. A W, '
llcrwlck, Columbia County, Pcnn'n.
M. 5r
TDAUGII,
iVTTOItNET-AT-LA W,
Ilerwlck, Columbia County, Penu'n.
jyj M. L'VELIjE,
A T TO 11 X i; V- A 1-1, A W,
C'entralla, Columbia County, lVnn'n.
"yihlilAJI II. AIMIOTT,
A 11 Ull.tli 1 - A lh . ,
C'ATAWliSA, PA.
JOHN Cf. KKEKZE,
A I 1 U It . 1. 1 -A 'l - 1. A Vt ,
Office In lleglster and Uceordcr's oillce, in the
ba.scinent of the Court House, Illooinsburg, Pa.
)OIJEHT E. C'liAUK,
ATTOllNEY-AT-LA W
Ofllco comer of Main and Market sttei
ts, over
Pa.
First National linuk, llloomsburg,
JQH. L. 15. KLINE,
A izrndunte of Jefferson Medical College, Phil
adelphia, having permanently located, oilers his
professional services to Ihecitl'ens of CntawlssA
anil vicinity. Ollleo on Main street, second door
east of Creasy A John's building. npr.Y(7-mi,
J-)H. W. II. IUIADLEY,
PHYSICIAN AND flUKQKON,
jitp-OiTlt'o nt tholioiiso opposite Shlve's Ulotk.
Illooinsburg, Va,
Calls promptly ntteuUtl to both night ami tlay.
nioom-sbu-i:, Jnu. IS IM.7.
a ly
UltOCKWAY,
ATTOHNEY AT LAW,
1ILOOMSHUHG, PA.
Jta-OFf'in: Court IIouso Alley, below the ns
Iiiiii&fan Oillce. JanlO,.
TO UN J AGO IS a,
Has removed from Light Street to Port Noble,
111 tills county; ami is prepared u nuv.sc
VETEHINAUY SUIUiEON,
nnd prescribes for all diseases of Horses and Cat'
tie, and cures
Hixaitoxi:, si-.uj.y, at-., at-.
Ti.nsn .leslrlni. to seeuro his services should ad
dress hlui ut llloomsburg, Pa. lnprl2'U7.
J.
IIICKLINO & COS
GUEAT SALE OF WATCHES.
..... ..n....1nm,n tirlr-n nlnil. fdvillir OVerV la
tron u handsome and reliable which lor ineiow
itricool Ten iioiiarsi uuuinu
fti Solul o!.ld Iliiiitliig'.W ajlhcs $1VI t.i $7i)
,VIMogleOise.l (loUl Wutlhes.. JJ Jo
Ml 1 Jldles' Watches, I'.linillelled........ Jo .!
l.unMlold hunting chronometer watch si; to ,U)
Kl Gold hunting English levers .. .-"Jo
H IM) Gold hunting implex watches l i io JO
S (l Gold hunting Anierlaiu wiitches KM to
r,,itt Silver hunting levers -'no J,'
Ji 1x1 Sliver hunting Duplexes . ;
.-.imi Hold ladles' watches ''."
.......1.1 .... ,urt,.(.tiv saiisiaciorv:
1IV Gold hunting leplnes. ....... .J jo
Hl Miscellaneous silver walehes ..... .;jto P
..-.',.. 1 iiM.nin.. 1, untln.' silver watches 2-to so
SiiiiiOAssorUd watches, nil kinds ...... IJto
Every lmtnin nbtalus n wnteh by this nrrnnge
iiieiit. "sAtli gbut S10, while It may ho worth $70.
Messrs J ill "klh'iif A Co.'s Great American
Vnt
.llspose of tho nlsivo niagnmceiit stm k, , ( ertltf.
I Ali'snnmliignrtIele.s, aro p aieillll sealed envo
lopes. ,' li!!lds nro entitled tothoiirtlelM
wleSernVh,'w;or,.. "iS
IT. r,r ; ...niilcales entl
less,
II
w'vou tii tbenrtlclo named thereon, upon pay.
."it. lriVsp.'ctlveof Its worth, nnd n '', rUj'lo
llletlt
value
'iKiXnOint'tl
r ....... r.i i,.,.iiii,.nle traiiMicllon, which
It will
ustriilght-forw
may boparliclpntcdtii even by tho mot fastld-
lOUH,
Int.' till
V i " ., .vo co.
Tfl
Auuiess, 1 rj D run ifwii y Nea r P. O
febl'07-.lm.) City of Newborn.
aui;My
rnW3reeM l tllU Wr"r lUag"-
lut.hix .md iVuexi.iii..biei;ieini.i..i f'"w.J; ui)y oppo-lto, had, ill tlio samo manner,
IKIMK the nlr of a stamp, or seal. Hut I was
hr sorely V out b' tho n,,scne0 .f "ll ?,8S
. . ii i. sr.,.1 l,v ma . nost- niimi t ill VI' 11 11 11 SUL'tfeoieu una iut.i.
T?MI'1KE SUUTTLK ,SEVING-J1A-
bio uiuuimtu u'vi
BLOOMSBU11G, PA., FRIDAY,
(Cltoirf Hoeh'it.
FOU THE COLCJintAX.
TO J'lUAYUNi: IIL'TI.i:it,
IIOIIACK IMtrATKIl.
Ooldhath no lustre of Its own,
It shines by temperate use alone,
And when In earth tinwrought It lies,
E'en Duller can tho mnss despise.
With never falling wing shall Fame,
To latest ages bear the li.imo
Of Duller, who so oft did pro e,
I'orslhcr spoons Intensest love.
Forks, watches, rings, nbovu his soul
Have always held supremo control.
Not vlct'ry lu n well-fought Ikld,
Not denth, benenth n bloody shield,
Aro half so dear to Duller bold,
As well wrought garniture of gold,
Stolen from ladles In Orleans,
To grace dull Iiwcll's gloomy scenes.
Tho miser by Indulgence mirsid,
Increases still bis golden thirst;
The thief escaping once the net,
Is In his way moro surely set ;
Honor and lrluo are but dross,
Ami loss of gold 's tho only loss.
To gain It somo their country rob,
And somo by contract tnko tho Job,
Somo take tho row! with glittering knife,
And ask your money or your life;
Hut llutlcr's llfo nt New Orleans,
Improves on nil thoo varied scenes.
rnnucrs.
THUST, TItl'ST, SWUKT I.AIJY, TIll'ST.
rcnLisiiEii II Y ncqt'FAT.
Trust, trust, sweet lady, trust,
'TIs n shield of sevenfold steel;
Cnres nnd sorrows come they must,
Hut sharper far Is doubt to feel.
If deceit must vex the henit,
Who can pass through llfo without?
Hotter far to bear the smart
Than to crush the soul with doubt,
Trust the lover, trust tho friend,
Heed not what old rhymers tell;
Trust to God, and in the end,
Doubt not all will still bo well.
Ijvo's best guide, friendship's stay,
Trust to Innocence was given,
'TIs doubt that paves the dow nward way,
Hut trust unlocks the gates of heaven.
UisrcUnnroufi.
THE GOLD-BUG.
CONTINUED.
"At this stage of my reflections I en
deavored to remember, and rfM remem
ber, witli entire tli-stliictnesrf, every in
cident which occurred about tho period
in question. Tho weather was chilly
(oil rare and happy incident 1), nnd a
lire was blazing upon tho hearth. I
was heated with exerciso and sat near
tho table. You, however, had drawn a
chair clo.-c to tho chimney. Jtibt ns I
placed tho parchment in your hand, nnd
as you wcraln the act of inspecting it,
AVoif, tho Newfoundland, entered, and
leaped upon your t-houlders. "With
your left hand you caresd him nnd
kept him off, while your right, holding
tho parchment, was permitted to fall
listlessly between your knees, and in
close proximity to the fire. At ono mo
ment I thought tho blaze had caught it,
and was about to caution you, but, bo-
fore I could speak you had withdrawn
it, and were engaged in its examination.
When I considered all these particulars
doubted not for a moment that heat
had been tho agent in bringing to light,
upon tlio parchment, tho skull which I
W designed upon it. ou aro nil
aware that chemical preparations exist,
and liavo existed time out of mind, by
means of which it is po.-ible to write
upon either paper or vellum, so that tho
characters shall become visible only
when subjected to tho notion of fire.
Zaifrc, digested in aqua reria, nnd dilut
cd witli four times its weight of water,
is sometimes employed : a green tint tc-
suits. Tho regulus of cobalt, dissolved
in snirit of nitre, gives a red. These
colors disappear at longer or shorter in
torvals after tho material written upon
cools, but again becomo apparent upon
tho rc-aiiplieation of heat
"I now scrutinized the ueatii's-iieati
with care. Its outer edges tho edges
of tho drawing nearest tho edgo of tho
vellum wero far moro distinct than
tho others. It was clear that tho action
of tho caloric had been Imperfect or tin
equal. I immediately kindled n fire,
and subjected every portion of tho
parchment to a glowing heat. At first,
tho only effect was the strengthening -f
tho faint lines in tho skull ; but, upon
per.-evering in tho experiment, there
becamo visible, at the comer of tho slip
diagonally opposito to tho spot in which
tho death's-head was delineated, tho
figure of what I at first supposed to bo
a goat. A closer scrutiny, however,
satisfied mo that it was intended for a
U1"ila ! ha 1" said I, "to bo suro I havo
no right to laugh at you-a million and
a half of money is too serious n matter
fur mirth but you aro not about to cs
tablish a third link in your chain and
will not find any especial connexion be
tween your pirates and a goat pi
rates, you know,havo nothing to do
with goats ; they appertain to tho fnrm-
in"lutnmvejust said that tho flguro
was not that of a goat."
"Well, a kid, then pretty much tho
samo thing."
"Pretty much, but not nltogether,"
said Letrrand. "You may havo heard
of ono Qiptaln Kldd. I at onco looked
upon tho figuro of tho animal as a kind
of punning orliieroglyphical signature.
I say signature; becauso Its position
upon tho vellum suggested tins uiea.
r the hodv to iiiv Imagined Instru
incut of tho text for my context."
r nn.siiino vou oxneetcd to llml a
letter between tho stump and tho signn
tnre."
us.-... ..nit, tin. nf tbni l.'lt1(1
Tho lact
; , lhi,i t,e,s..n,i uitb
s, i ieu im") "'" , ' ..
presentiment i
it of somo vast gooa ionium
Impending. I can scarcely say why.
l'erliaps, after nil, it wns rather n, desire
than un actual belief; but do j'ou know
that Jupiter's silly words, about tho
bug being of solid gold, had a remarka
ble effect upon my fancy' And then
tho series of accidents and coincidences
these wero so very extraordinary. Do
you obscrvo how mero an accident It
was that tiieso events should havo oc
curred uiion tlio someday of all tho year
in which it lias been, or may be, suffi
ciently cool for fire, and that without
tho fire, or without tlio intervention of
the dog at tho preciso moment in which
ho appeared, I should never have be
como nwaro of tho death's-head, and so
never tho possessor of tlio treasure V"
"l!ut proceed I nm all impatience."
"Well, you havo heard, of course, the
many stories current tho thousand
vague rumors niloat about monoy hur
ried, somowliero upon tho Atlantic
coast, by Kiddand liisnsocintcs. These
rumors must have had some foundation
in fact. And that tlio rumors havu ex
isted so long and so continuous, could
have resulted, it appeared to mo only
from tho circumstances of tho burled
treasure still remalnlngontombod. Had
Kidd concealed his plunder for a time,
nnd afterwards reclaimed it, the rumors
would scarcely have reached us in their
present unvarying form. You will ob
scrvo that tho stories told aro all about
money-seekers, not about money-finders.
Had tho plrato recovered his
money, thero tho affair would have
dropped. It seemed to mo that somo
accident say tho loss of a memoran
dum indicating its locality had de
prived liim of the means of recovering
it, and that this accident had become
known to his followers, who otherwise
might never havo heard that treasure
had been concealed at all, and who,
busying themselves in vain, because
unguldcd attempts, to regain it, had
given first birth, and then universal
currency, to tho reports which nro now
so common. Havo you ever heard of
any important treasure being unearthed
along tho coast?"
"Never."
"Dul that Kidd's accumulations were
immense, is well known. I took it for
granted, therefore, that tho earth still
held them ; and you will scarcely be
surpmed when I tell you that I felt a
hope, nearly amounting to certainty,
that the parchment so strangely found,
involved a lost record of tho place of
deposit."
"But how did you proceed'.'"
"I held the vellum again to the fire,
after increasing tho heat ; but nothing
appeared. I now thought it possible
that tho coating of dirt might havo
something to do with the failure ; so I
carefully rinsed tho parchment by pour
ing warm water over it, and, having
done this, 1 placed it in a tin pan, with
tho skull downwards, and put tlio pan
upon a furnace of lighted charcoal. In
a few minutes, tho pan having become
thoroughly heated, I removed tho slip,
and to my Inexpressible joy, found it
spotted, in several place-", witli what
appeared to be figtites arranged in lines.
Again I placed it in tho pan, and suff
ered it to remain another minute. Up
on taking it off, the whole was just as
you seo it now."
Hero Legrand having re-heated the
parchment, submitted it to my inspec
tion. Tho following characters were
rudely traced, in a red tint, between
tlio death's-head and the goat ;
rsi:tt30.-))G; ISS'O-n.) U );S(Hi'1; IStS''))
S.-);U(;:tSfS3(SS).-.t; II'.(;8S'JG?;8)S(;-1S
3);.-t2:t(il03(52(.- 1)S''S": 10GUJS.j);)t!t
S) lit ;1 (i'J; 1 (t0; 1S0S!;S:SI 1 ;4St8.; 1) lS5t52S
SU(i'8U;!);lt;:(SS;n;v;iljlS)i;;nii;:ibs;jv;
"But," said I, returning him tho slip
"I om as much in tho dark as ever,
Were all tho jewels of Golcouda await
ing mo upon my solution of this enig
ma, I am quite sure that I should bo
tinablo to earn them."
"And yet," saitl Legrand, "tho solu
tion is by no means so difilcult as you
might bo lead to imngino from tho first
hasty Inspection of tho characters.
Theso characters, ns any ono might
readily guo.s, form a cipher that is to
say, they convey a meaning; but then,
from what is known of Kidd, I could
not supposo him capabloof constructlu;
any of tho moro abstruso cryptograph'
I mado up my mind, at once, that this
was of a simplo species such, howover
as would appear, to tho erudo .Intellect
of tho sailor, absolutely insoluble with
out tho koy."
"And you really solved it ?"
"iteadlly, I havo solved others of an
nbstrusencs-s ton thousand times greater.
Circumstances, and a ci'Hain bias of
mind, havo led me to take interest in
such riddles, and it may well be doubt
ed whether ingenuity can construct nn
enigma of tho kind that human Ingeiut
Ity may not, by proper, application,
resolve. In fact, having onco estab
lished connected and leglblo characters,
scarcely gavo a thought to tho mero
difficulty of developing their Import.
"In tho present ease indeed in all
cases of secret writing tho first ques
tion regards the language of tlio cipher;
for tho principles of solution, so far, es
pecially, as tho moro simple ciphers nro
concerned, depend upon, nnd nrovnrled
by, tlio genius of tlio particular idiom
In general, thero Is no nlternativo but
experiment (directed by probabilities
of every tonguo known to him who at
tempts tho solution, until tho true ono
bo attained. But, with tho cipher now
boforo us, nil difficulty was removed by
tho signature. Tho pun upon tho word
'Kidd' is appreciable In no other lan
Lruaco than tho English. But for this
n ' consideration I should havo begun my!
I t(n, .,, snnnlsh nnd French. '
..."..,.. -
MAY 3, 1867.
as tlio tongues In which n secret of this
..IS ... . .
kind would most naturally have been
written by a plrato of thoSpanish main.
As It was, I assumed tlio cryptograph
to bo English.
You obscrvo thero nro no divisions
between tho words. Had thero been
divisions, tho task would havo boen
comparatively easy. In such case I
should have commenced with n colla
tion and analysis of tlio shorter words,
and, had a word of a single letter oc
curred, ns Is most likely, ( or I, for ex
ample,) 1 should havo considered tho
solution as nssiircd. But, thero being
no division, niy first step was to ascer
tain tlio predominant letters, as well as
tho lent frequent. Counting all, I con
structed a tablo thus:
Of tho character 8 thero nro :1,1.
; " 20.
I
t)
10.
1G.
13.
12.
II.
8.
G.
o.
1.
3.
O
1.
G
ii
0
92
: !1
"Now, in English tho letter which
nost frequently occurs is c. Afterwards
tho succession runs thus : a o i X h n r
s t u y cf a I m w b I: n ti x :. E pro-
dominates so remarkably that nn Indi
vidual sentenco of any length is rarely
seen, in which it is not the prevailing
character.
"Here, then, wo have, in tho very
beginning, tlio groundwork for more
than a mero guess. Tho general use
which may bo mado of lib table is ob
viousbut, in this particular cipher.
wo shall very partially require its aid.
vs our predominant character is S, wo
will commenco by assuming it ns tho c
of tho natural alphabet. To verify tho
supposition, let us observe If the 8 bo
seen often in couples for a is doubled
witli great frequency in English in
such words, for example, as 'meet,'
fleet,' 'speed,' 'seen,' 'been,' 'agree,'
etc. In tho present Instance wo see It
doubled no less than eight times,although
tho cryptograph is brief.
"Lot us assume 8, then, ns c. Now,
of all words in tlio language, 'tho' is
most usual ; let us sec, therefore,
whether thero aro not repetitions of nny
three characters, in the samo order of
collocation, tho last of them being 8. If
wo discover repetitions of such letters,
so arranged, they will most probably
represent tho word 'the.' Upon inspec
tion wo find no less than seven. such ar
rangements, the characters being ;1S.
o may, therefore, asstiiuo that ; rep
resents 1 represents (, and 8 repre
sents c tlio last being now well eon
firmed. Thus a great step has been ta
ken. But, having established a single
word, wo aro enabled to establish a
vastly important point ; that is to say,
several commencements, and termina
tions of other words, hot us refer, for
example, to tlio last iustanco but one,
In which the combination ;H occurs
not far from the end of the cipher. Wo
know that tho ; immediately ensuing
is tlio commencement of a word, and,
of tho six characters succeeding this
'the,' wo aro cognizant of no less than
five. Lot us set theso characters down,
thus, by the letters wo know them to
represent, leaving a spaco for tho un
known t cetli.
Hero wo aro enabled, at once, to dis
card tlio 'tti,' as forming no portion of
tlio word commencing with tlio first I;
since, by experiment of tho entiro al
phabet for a letter adapted to tho vacan
cy, wo perceivo that no word can bo
formed of which tins M can bo a part.
Wo aro thus narrowed into
t eo,
and, going through thcalphabet, if nec
essary, as before, wo arrive at tlio word
'tree,' as the solo posiblo reading. o
thus gain another letter, r, represented
by (, with tho words 'tlio treo In Juxta
position.
"hooking beyond theso words, for a
short distance, wo again seo tho combi
nation ;IS, nnd employ it by way of
termination to what immediately pro-
cedes. Wo havo thus this arrangement :
tho treo ;l)f.'31 tho,
or, substituting tlio natural letters,
where known, it reads thus:
tho treo tliri?3h the.
"Now, if in plnco of tho unknown
characters, wo leave blank spaces, or
substitute dots, wo read thus :
tho treo thr...h tho.
when tho word 'lirouut' makes itself
evident at unco. But this discovery
gives us tliriv new letters, o, it anil
renrcsenieu ny I v anil u.
hooking now, narrowly through tho
eitihcr for combinations of known char
acters, wo find, not very lar from tho
beginning tins arrangement,
which, plainly, is tlio conclusion of tho
word iegrco,' aim gives us aiiomer let
or, , repreaonicu uy t.
"Four letters beyond tho word 'do
gree,' wo perceivo tho combination
-.lSliSS.
"TmiislatltiL' tlio known character!-
and representing tho unknown by dots
as neiore, wo mm inns :
thrtee,
an arrangement immediately stigges
t vu of t ho won thirteen, am aval
furnishing us with two new characters
nnd i. lenresented bv (i and .
"Deferring, now, to tho beginning of
tho cryptograph, wo find tlio comblna
tion,
r:itit.
"Translating as before, wo obtain
. L'OOll.
which assures us tlxit tho (list letter Is
.1, and that the first two worm aro
gouil
CO.SLLlbUU NU.M WI.KK.J
INVENTIONS AND IMPROVE
. MENTS.
Writing Is said by tho Jews to havo
been In vented by Seth, tho son of Adam,
and poetry by Lantech. Music, agri
culture, cattlo-brcedlng, building, and
tho working in metals, were also, ac
cording to tho samo authority, antedi
luvian arts.
Tho Chinese erected astronomical ob
servatories 22'J5 years before Christ;
and tho Babylonians, 223-.
Letters wero known soon after, and
tho most ancient manuscripts, 1732 B. C.
Implements of war, agriculture, wag
ons; temples, Iron works, mills, books,
gilding, cloths and leather, wero nil
used by man prior to loOO B. C.
Chess Invented, COS B. C.
Diagrams, and problems In geometry,
sun-dials, maps and globes invented by
Anaximandcr, GOo B. C.
Bellows invented about CGO B. 0.
Silk was brought to Greece from
Asia about 32.5 B. C.
Solar quadrant, invented 200 B. C.
Silver money coined at Dome, 2G3
B.C.
Clocks and watchcsinvcntcd at Rome,
ins.
Glass made at Dome, GO B. C.
Property was first insured 13 years
after Christ.
Grist-mills invented in Ireland, 211.
Silk clothing worn at Dome, 21G.
Painting on glass, about 2,"i0-
Tho Alexandrian library was founded
2S1.
Bels invented, -100. Saddles, 121.
Stirrups, o20. Organs first used in
churches, GGO. Paper mado. from cotton,
WOO. Guido Arotino invented music
e;l characters, 102-j. Furnaces were in
vented, 1050. Tho mariners' compass,
(previously known to tho Chinese,)
1180. Academic degrees, 1170. Lens,
or magnifying glass invented by Ro
ger Bacon, 12G0. Gilding restored, 127.i.
Tho mariners compass perfected, 1302.
Weaving, in England, 1330. Gunpow
der inveted by Schwartz a friar, 1311).
(somo say by Roger Bacon.) Cannon
and small guns used about 13S0. Hats
invonted at Paris, 1101. Paper made
from linen, 1117. Printing invented.
110. Engraving on copper, 1109. Spill
ing wheels invented, 1530. Fans in
Europe, 1572. Bombs, 158S. Barometers,
1G2G. Air-guns and air pumps, 1G4G.
Chain shot, 1GGG. BayonetsatBayonne,
1G70. Prussian blue, 1710. Stcreotyu'c-
plato printing, 1725. Balloons" 1729.
Lightning discovered to bo electricity
by Benjamin Franklln.at Philadelphia,
732. Lithography, 1799. London
streets lighted witli gas, 181 1. Engrav-
ng on steel, 1818. Safety lamp for
mines, Sir Humphrey Davy. Dagucr
reotyping, by Dagucrre, of Paris, 18."!'.
HORRIBLE TRAGEDY.
mi i!i:sui,Toi' HUPi:iwri.Tioust'rii:t)iT-
I.1TY A MAN CHOPS OPI' HIS Nr.ICIIl-
non'sj liiuii with an axi:,
Another of those startling and horri-
lo events which periodically agilato
tho community occurred yesterday in
tho vicinity of tlio quiet village of
Swan Creek, on tho Michigan Southern
and Northern Indiana railroad. It
seems that a boy in tho vllliago has
been and is credited with the powers
f second sight, or a species of prophct-
c vision which has given liim consider
able notoriety. Tho most ancient fe-
malo lias sought his aid, and tho avari-
lous have conferred witli him concerti
ng matters of monetary considera
tion. His powcrsof seorship havo have
been doubted, but notwithstanding this
many havo flocked to his father's house
to test his visionary modo of revelation.
rom tills blind confidence a most hor-
riblo incident has occurred, in tlio death
of a hard-working and probably an in
nocent man. it seems that a man
naniod Kelson lost an axe, and suspect'
ed a neighbor named Watkins of steal
ing it. It being sugar time, Kelson
needed tho services of tho blade, and
proceeded with rather wrathful feelings
to Watkins' shanty, for tlio purpose of
getting tlio Instrument. Tlio pecula
tion was indignantly denied, but so
well satisfied was Kelson that AVatkins
had tho axo in his posession that ho
openly accused liim of it. A personal
encounter ensued, during which Kelson
received tho worst of it. After this lie
went to" tho boy alluded to, and was
told by him, after consultation with tho
stone, that Watkins had stolen tho axe
Satisfied that it was true, ho returned
nnd renewed tho quarrel. What passed
between them is not known, but that a
most fearful encounter took plnco cmi
not bo doubted, as Watkins' shanty Is
besmeared with blood and other horribl
ovldences of a desporato fight nro appa
rent from appearances.
KeNou was first discovered lying
about fifty yards from tho shanty, with
his head literally cut in pieces, nnd u
ghastly wound on ills breast, sulllclent
of itself to havo cau-ed,
A moro horrible or sickening sight
than tho body of tho wounded man pre
sented would bo impossible to conceive.
His skull was battered in, and a gaping
wound on tho left sldo of the head, of
tho mea-uro of tho axe, exhibited how
fearful a blow hud been given. When
our reporter left tho body was still at
tho shanty whero tho terrible affair oc
curred, awaiting tho arrival of tho o.r
onerof tho county. Watkins, after the
occurrence, left tho place, and it Is re
ported gavo lilm-elf up to tho authori
ties of Monroe, but how far this is true
remains yet to ho told. Ho is spoken of
as ti bold, vicious bad man, whaso ill-
' .- .i...
temper lias m.uie iiimino icrim mu
iipli'lilifirliiiod. Mnnv roL'iml the muv
sacre a tho evil ri siilts of the buy's rep
rt'sentutious. Jhtivit J'ott, March 29.
PRICE FIVE CENTS.
RUSSIAN AMERICA.
Amongst tho people generally there Is
but Httlo knowledge in regard to our
now territorial acquisition Russian
America either ns to lis geographical
position, population, productions or ex
tent. Tlio public mind seems to havo
settled down into tho belief that it is a
region near the North pole, given up
entirely to eternal snows, glaciers, stunt
ed pines, hardy moss, white bear, rein
deer, dogs, and blubber-eating Esqui
maux. In this however, tho public
mind has not been far wrong, it occu-
ilcs tho exlrcmo north-western point of
tho North American continent; faces
tlio Arctic Ocean on tho north ; tlio North
Pacific on the South ; British America
on tho east, and the sea of Kamskatka
and Behrlng'sStraltson tho west. Near-
y half of It is north of tho Arctic circle,
and Is therefore, within tlio frigid zone.
iV narrow strip extends down tho coast
along British America to Vancouver's
Island and tho cxtrenlo northwestern
point of Washington territory. Aglanco
at tlio map will show that It is very
much detached from our other territori
al possessions.
Although tho first impression in ro-
gard to tho acqusltlon of tho territory Is
decidedly unfavorable, from tho facts
tated, It seems that thero is a brighter
side. It appears that it has been explor
ed by tho direction of tho Smithsonian
Institute, and found to bo far moro vitl
uablo than was generally supposed. In
tho report mado it is stated that tho
tcmporaturo of cllmato nt Behrlng's
traits, although it is tho sixty-fifth
degree of north latitude, is about tlio
ame, in thowintcr season, us that of
Washington City. This fact is owing,
it is stated, to a sort of gulf stream, or
current similarto tho gulf stream of tho
Atlantic, which flows from the equato
rial regions and tempers tho frigid at
mosphere with its warm vapors. In
consequence tljo west coast'produces ex
cellent barb y nnd other hardy cereals,
roots such ns radishes, turnips, pars
nips, etc., lettuce, cabbages, and plants
of that class.
However, thero is but littlo need in
that section for vegetables, let tho cli
mate bo as mild as it nifty bo. Animal
flesh and fat, fish nnd train oil will al
ways constitute tho "staff of life.." Wo
need never expect to crcato a market
up there for breadstuff's. Tho fisheries
Sro said to be valuable, and tho fur
trade of great Importance. Tho popu
lation nt tins time is estimnted at about
sixty thousand Equimauxandncouplo
thousand European fur traders.
Thero cannot certainly bo much lost
n paying seven million dollars for so
argo a territory, but tlio Immediate ad
vantages do not seem to bo very evident
to many persons except Secretary Scw-
ud and tho people of tho Pacific coast.
Perhaps, hereafter, it may servo to cut
up into States so as to create a few moro
Radical United States Senators to main
tain a Dump majority. Further than
this is not just now apparent, notwith
standing favorable reports. Patriot .C-
Union.
Tin: IIistouyof Titouscns. There
was ono striking ill florenco between the
dresses of most of tho other known na
tions of tlio ancient world and those of
tho Grceksand Romans. Trousers, or
pantaloons, wero worn by tho oriental
nations Mede, Persians, Assyrians,
Parthians and by tho principal western
nationsof Europo known to thtfanclcnts
especially tlio Decians and Gauls. Tho
first women who are known to havo as-
umcd this dress were tlio Amazons ; but
oven theso ladles, unlike- their successors
tlio bloomers, modestly limited thetlmo
of imprisonment in such mnsculino ha
biliments to tlio period of warllko ex
peditions, after which they resumed tho
customary nnd graceful nttiro of their
sex, laying aside tho garb of manhood
with tlio helniet,shield and spear. Theso
garments wero mado of skins of richly
wrought cloth, soinetimcsfittiug tightly
to the limbs, like those in u;o hero, and
sometimes looso and hanging in folds
over the slioesjliko the Turkish trousers.
Tho Greeks never wore them at all ; nor
did tho Romans until tho tinio of tho
Emperors, who attempted to introduco
breeches among tlieirsnbjects,asa nieiins
of making them forget their ancient
liberties.
A HiiAn'ritiiNfiNo Episodi: or Tin:
Gr.itMAN" Wail A farmer, living In a
hamlet near Possnitz, had uwifo and
two children, and such was tho woman's
terror of the Prussians, when sho heard
they were coming, that her husband to
satisfy her,placedherinnii underground
trllar, with tho two littlooues, andbuilt
up thodoorwny.leving somo food Inside.
Tho Prussians entered tho place, and
among others, obliged tills poor man to
accompany them, with his horsoand
cart, for a day's Journey, theysald. But
ho was brought on from placo to place,
nnd at last, when ho wassiillercd to re
turn nnd renched hlsown house, several
days had elapsed.
On the way back he began to calculato
how littlo food ho had left with his wifo
and children : and lmrrorntrlckcn at the
dreadful thought that their crfcw might
not ho heard, his hair Is snld to lmvo
turned white on his honiewariljouriiey.
ills fears wero but too real. He tore
down the mtwinry, searched for those
so dear to him, but only found three
lifeless bodies half devoured by rats.
Benson left him at tho dreadful sight,
anil ho is now In the hospital, a lunatic.
.VewlYtunn n u'linimii tirefers tho best
-. . -
i tlam.t.,- i the room, at two nnd tWs-uty
I tin' In
1 num.
-t talker; at thirty, the richest
YJ
"1
..s -is-a-