VOL. WO. 1.
THE COLUMBIAN,
A Democratic NcVBpnpoi
is rtMiMaitrti ioit tun wiuruimoiM hy
JOHN O. FREEZE,
r.vnuv rut oa y Mouxrxo at
tlloom-tlmrg, Columbia Count), Vn
Tllt'prlhclplesnf thlsiutpornvcortlio JofTorRon"
Ian Hcliool of politic. Tli(e principles wUlnovro
i)oroittpronilfCt;'t('tt'o(irtoty niul khtJpss shall
tiot )jo foi gotten In itkcuiiliigtticiii, whether with
liullvklualfl, or with ontempornrlo of the 1'res".
Tim unity, linppltiesniul prosperity of tho coun
try Inournlm ami nltjci't; mnl ns tho means to
n'curo .tint, t uli-tll lalMrlionchltynnileauiestly
for thclmtiniiy,HueeefcHaiul(,rothof our organ
lzntloii,
Ithai sceineil to tho rropiletnp that theio
julumcnN of a County neMspnperliuvoiutt hern
heretofore fully met hy their preleeovmrs or eon
tfitilKimrlcH ; ntiil they have ileUunlneil to, tf
poulblo, supply the itulleleney. In a literary point
of vluw alio this paper will aim at a hlijli tnu-l-nnl,
niul hope to cuHlvnti In Ittt-remlerNn. eni reel
tufcte anil mm ml Judgment on meroty literary, iw
well n on political fiiiostlom,
Tho newt, I'orelHU ami DomeMle, U ho care
fully collated and r-uccltictly jlvoii ; whllu tothat
of our own Btntonml K-ctlon of tho State, pnitle
ulnr attention will ho directed. Imporl.mt Con
I' rewslon h I and LegM.it Ue innlleis will hofut
jdihed weelily to our readers luaieadnblu and
lelhblo form ; and votes and opinions on Impor
tant and leading in en sin cm will Ik? alwayN publish
ed; mi Hint our p:iper will foim a complete I ecu id
fit current political eents,
The Ioca! luteicMn, news niul business of Co
lumbia County will recelvo xpeciul ntteiitloii;
nnil they will endeavor to niako tho paperane
toslty tothcf.uiiur, inecbanleaud laboiltigmnn,
uion whom at hist all business luteienth depend,
Thonieldunndr.milly elielo will bo dlllmrdly
eontidenit lu uuikliiK up 11 m paper. No adver
tisement of an impioper ehaiacterwlll ever, un
tier any pri text, bo inlmltted Into Its (oIuiiiih.
Itf-Conduetor is dttcimtind that II Miall be en-
tllelyfteo lu all leNpeetn (torn any deleteilntis
doctilncor allusion, mj that every man can plate
It In the hands of his children, not only without
ftar, but with confidence lu lis teathhiKH and
lendiiiclert, riomlslnn to use their ny bt M en
deavorstoiuiniln letter niulsplilt the announce
incut abooK t ibith, the Piopi.li tois of Tm: Co
MTMiiiAn trustfully place it befme the people, be-
JleitiK that it will uiiswi and a waul in tin
(ommunlty htlheito un-upplled.
J'o Couiih.si,o,imNi-. In onlei to mako Tun
CoMJMltrANiiseoinph'to a reeuiil as possible of
nil fact s and e euts,ae(ldeuls,hn pi oMiuent sand
dlsmvcilcs lduttntf to Columbia County, weie
hpeet fully Im I to com spondeiu e, accompanied
with responsible names, ftotn idl pnlnt. I r facts.
datcMand nnmcNnie eatefully nlvcn tho IMltor
will put tho Inroimatloii In piopt-r form.
Tnuutf ok Sinisutii'iioN: Two 1o1Ikis for one
year when pajment Is made lu advance; and all
Mibsei Iptlons not paid Ju mUmier, or by the 11 iM
day of Apill,lMJ7, will lnvarial)ly be charged Two
Dollars and Fifty Cents.
This C-imiuuian will be ih livercd through
the malls,toMi1H'ilb(.i.s In Culumbl.i County, fuo
of postage. To (hoof oulshle of (Ik (iunt,ll
ei'iitspeniuarter In advance, p.dd at the uHlcc
w here lecelwd.
Tki:.ms of Am i i.rt-.i:sG : Ouesouaief (in tines
or lets) one or thieo f nt-i I imis S I ; each mi lw
jii4 nt Inst! tlmi .) cents; one miiiuio one mouth
if(UU, two Mpiaies 6-1,01', thiee Mjuaies fi.tm, four
MpiareN 3'i,ao, half (idumuSKi.O), oueeolumn IS,".
JlM-culorsm'admlnNtr.UoiK notices S-V"; Audi
tors S'-YA IMItorld notlus twenty ci nt a lint1
Other advntlM im uts hiM-ited attordlng to pe
dal eiiutiiK t. 'liaie-h nt adxeiiisetm uts must be
pie.p:iid, Jubhlngol all kIndMieail andpiumpt-
ly exietilrd.
Nnwsi'ArKUl.w. I. A pff-l master I ietUiit
to nie nutlet' by Idler (nturnln tin papei thw
nolanbUfi the iepilit tneuL of tin- law) w inn n
MibscriU-rtl'teK not lake his pap-i fnun tlieniliee
and to htatu theieusoits lur Its not bhiK taken
A uejdeit lo do v makes the p master restonsl
Mo to the publisher lor the paj meld.
Any peihou who lakes a p.iper lemit.uly fiom
tho post olllco whether directed to his name or
another or whether he bus MihM-ilhcd in not
1 ie-pnnsihlcfor tho pnyiueiit ol the hiiliHciliitioii
.1. If a jh im)U oideihhls pap r diseon tinned, he
must pay upull am arageH, or the publisher may
(outluue to Ncud It until payment b nude, and
eolltH-t tho hole ,i mount whether ll is talun fiom
the ullleooi not. There enu Im no legal dlscuutlu
uaiico until the payment Ih made.
1. If a Muhsftibc who 1-j lu a l rem s nrdeis IiIh
papi't to be Mopped at a teitaln lime, and tho
publisher continues loneiiil II, tho MiberpK-r
litaind to jiy for It If he takes U out uf tin pi
olllee. The l.iw jtroeeids tm tho gtound that u
man mu-d piy lur U;l heueri.
fj, Tht cotrls h.ivt! decided tint lefmlie; to tnki
m-usp-nieis and periodicals fiom the pod ollle
oi- removing and le;ilng them luicitllnl ha
juiHitttu-ic t'vldeneo of Intrutlotial Iraud.
,) It Is, iii tiff ctLvx, mom likely to ! s'ltl-fae-
lory, both to sultkeilbi'i-s and to tb Pr.ipiletoi
tb it mult I lias- mi I allcommunic,itlousicspct
lug the hiMtu ssof the paper, be sent tllrt 1 1 to tin
otttceof publication. All Jclleis, wht tb r it lallng
lo the eilltoil dor business ennceri is of the p.t
utiil all jhiyuieiitH for Mih-'itptlous, ndveitlslug,
ur Jobbing, are to Iks nude to and address it
joiin (i. nti:i:.i:,
"thlnmblun ojiUr,"
Ul-OOM.Sllt'KO, l'A
1'iiutedat HobUun'h Ikiltdlm: near tla Court
House, by Cfl W. M. V VNiniKMCh,
I'hank It. Hn mut.
DilOTOIfUAl'lIIU.
i:. .V II. T. ANTllll.NV (1).,
Maiiubwluivrs ot I'botot.iphie Mnti'rlsU,
U'llol.liI.K AM ItlllAII.,
Wl lllttlAllWAY. N. V.
liindilitlon to our main liuslmssor IMlll'lt
(111 Vl'llll' M ATKItlAI.SWulirellea.biu illellor
1110 loiiow nu;, ir. :
Hri;ui'.iiM iii'i:s. a K-rr.iiKti.'sctii'it' vmw,
lit Alilci lean and I iiciku l lllesuuu l,nui-.c.ipi
viioups. tsialllMl eie.
H'I'.ltl'.l IfM 'I. I'll' VII.WH ill' Till: S lt
Tioul ueiratixeM III Ida III the vat lolls cant pulsus,
mill loi-mtumi complete I'hoioniuphic hlsloty ol
UlOKleal coolest
tlTKIll'.O.Sl'lll'lf VII1WH I I.N' ll.s-,
Aibmteil for . llln.r Hie Miclle l.'illl. lli 111' Hi
hleusiseos', our t'alalouue Mill be suit touti
llddie.sou lec.'iit of sl.lliip.
l'llOKKIIlAI'IIIC Al IH'M'J.
We lunuulietMre tnui-e linutl lllilil anv othi
house, tils ml llfl arlet le I I'oto .iilei nts to sVleael
I lur Al.lll'.MM hle Ihe icpulatlou of li"lll'4 '"I"
nor 111 iisi uii 11 mi iiiiraoiiiiy 10 any 01 in is.
e'ald I'liotoKiaplisot (leiicials.ritatesuieii, Actors,
fie., vie.
inr Cataloeuo embraces over I'lVU Tllol'S'
ANll illltnreut siihjects. Including leprisllielliins
nt tin uiosi ei'ielirated ,uia luus, l'alntlmis,
hlallle., etc. I 11111 lollies sen t 011 ri eelpl 01 slano
l'lloloul 11 libel send 01 Iters 01 (bo lii!f uoisls I'.l I. II
Mill please lelilit U.ils'1 (col, of thenluounl ulth
t heir on er.
t:u The illLC., uud iiuallty u out piuils raullot
POETRY,
ALL THE YBAlt ROUND.
Ml llio vnr rmiml ! lt cliansoi hut rpinlivl ih
Im Imtli ltd "must" nnd "mny bo" ntnr nnt
I'nr tho s.unu tmrillint tlliiM lhcriin.t hi l.tn.l us
Color thoslmiilnjitof tho mist Ik fore.
Tin- ruttiii yi-nr: Itn'cim a iiiMciiV,urv
llvtuixl ymiiiu r.ici t mnl ilm moinlm: lblit.
tn-inuIniiH ilull li:i?f! Iiofuip tin- ltd.iry,
inniUBii mii'ihu mint milieu nlilm- tho atnrlnf
nliSht,
Ml tlioyrnr roun.l ro hiWah forth, niul henries,
lpvp-liiilli nu 1 nalllc-cry, thu cursi'. llio iii.iri-r.
Tim moiiiiof poverty, the in't' vri (",
louolhi r uiicli thi'iiihliilnllimalr:
It'inml (lie lull hniiii'li(MIh"ri'.niM'.lovrul mntlipr
Wi i'mIIk". her rich love, n hower of lMuu hl.Kiin.
That H.'iilh h.ilh nevir unteiM; there, imoi her
.Must iilntit hem, ilrooiilnjj o'er emu little tomb.
MI tlinye.ir rouiul nrellille eblMiTinonmhis
iieie the hip ivil'lcns.or ihe h iwlhom hlooms
Mi 1 mine, but know tlieSuuimer hy llxcumhu;
iui iihiiii vlHllunl. to loathsome rooms,
while the l.ui.Ui.ith l.ilruu 1 Civor'J il.uuli
lel, liwelllnsns hi n heniillful enlm ilrenm.
ThoiiMincls, like ros eleaesriitotiKtitulni; waters
Arc lustumlil the elty's lleree lire-slieaiu.
Ml theyrnr rouinl n newcruimlc Is prendiiui:.
Ihe cross lo rescue from hiinllmiels that smiaht
hide Its llslil serene with Meiner preaclillii;.
Than pity lo tho filendless niul untaught :
nd Kraelous men Keek out theclly-hcalhen,
The loslyoiiui: ehlldi'iu lu eaelislulul haillii.
nu b, like their Master, heal Is that lce lnth
vreathen
With lirvluiiK boiuls, uor hid tho worst nvaunt.
.VII the year round the poeis with mom power
lien up mo lovely strain (lood Will to men !
And war, the Korccoiis demon, lenrns loeower
llefoio Ihe nilubly wb.urds of tlie nen.
And Ihe peer Units Hilhln his tolling neWihor
A soul no Ioniser Minled with coarse food,
Ami, prim I lo join the brotherhood of labor,
oiks lu his order faiTho cumiuon Kood.
Ml Ihe year round n. clearer faith Iss'ilnhift,
And the lon yea i 111 lets a Her rest iueiease :
Yet shall Ihe world, hei weary head recllulier.
Drealo aliew ioeinonlbe lapof peace:
Por tllllh Is opelilni; wide her btlitht Kvalmel.
And ine lull d.iikness ot r Ihe nailonssnrend
Is lull Hie shadow ol lli.it hoverlmr anj;e
Hoou todeseelid Willi .sunshine on Us head.
All Ihe year round the watchful Heaven Is o"er us
And Hope's melodious Mhlspei lloatcthby
Tliat the old poet's sprln-il.-i Is before us,
A saeled bridal of the ealih mid skv.
When Heaven s pine splilt sball about us Either.
lis infinite calm and lovitn;ness draw near.
Till thankful Karlli sh ill fei 1 Its present Hither,
Jlis temple s outer com I all rouu I the ,tar.
lfiHIU-hitltl lfJ".
POLITICAL.
M)MISSI0X OP NlilJUASKA.
Sl'KKOII OF (I. li. liUCK.UiKV,',
In the Htnale of the United Slohs, De
cember tueiiHeti, 1801!, 171ml the Jil't
for the atlmtmon c6'cA' Into the
I iiwii as a A'lute.
?tr. rri'.-Itlmil, J do imt fool .my groat
tttiiount of iiilt'ro.it in tho iiomliii 1110
tion fur tlif iiosIimiiil'iih'iii ol Hi ib miIi
Jt't't until noxt motilli, itoi-du I fuel any
t'oiisiik'i'alilo tlcii'i' (if iiitcrc't in tin
iiint'iiilme'iit to the hill wl'.i. h lun buon
Hid ninl 11 iiiulterofili'baU' lliisiiioniiiij; ;
I liu'iin thu iiUmissioii of tliis, statu untin
t 1 in )) n i-i' I fiiiitlniue'iilnl cumlilion rela
ting loMilfrage'. As to tlie- llrt qllOMtlun,
llio question of iio-timiR'UH'iit, it is 0110
of tliose1 which naturally ami properly
hcloii; to tho majority of the hotly to
lix iintl tlolcrniino for themselves. All
that tliu sjcntlemt 11 who do not con-ti-
1 11 to that majority, who aro not re.pon-
iblo for tho inaiiuei' anil lime in v. hlch
tho bti-iiit'." ol Ihe Senate' i coinliictetl,
an claim is that when nu.c tiros are
pending they shall ho fully and faiily
heard; that Ihe jtitlment ol tho body
shall only ho iironounceil after they
have had a lea-onahlo oiipoitunily to
.submit their sentiments to it for its 0111-
.sideration. 'I'lie'refoie, last evening 1
submitted some remarks in the spirit in
which I hnvejii-t mado this observa
tion. 1 then alaled that 1 desired to bo
heard upon this general quenlion of tho
idniis-ion of newStates iulotho Union,
and that I was content to conform my
self to the desire of the majority ol" the
Semite, either to proceed last evening
or lo speak to-day or upon somo other
ubsiquent occasion uhli'li might be
fixed.
As to the proposed iiineiidnient to the
bill, lo which 1 have alluded, I liuvo lo
n mark that in tho tlrst place 1 stippo-e
it has been .siilllcioiitly dlMiicscd ; it l.s
iinnecen-ary to add anything upon eith
er nidu of llio argument. Ju tho second
place, confeedly us regards llio appli
cation of n provision 01 mis miiu to me
l'crritory or proposed Stalool .Ncura-sua,
it would have no considerable ellccl, 110
practical operation, ami tliereioro 11 in
not nccc-sary that v.o hliould debatoit
at length. I pass that topic, tnereiore,
ami unbrace the occasion lo speak upon
the merits of tho bill ilscll, lollowing in
this patticular the- examplo set mo by
,.ilo- nifioibers Who have discilsseti utu
1. 111 niir tfi11.11 sncakim: in point 01
form unon dilVerent propositions 01
amendment submitted lo it.
Mr President, in Ins1 I"" senator
front )ldo,. Mr. V.viii:, who lias ciiarge
of tho present bill, as th chairman 01
thuCommiltcoou Tennonos, repmte.i
ibrco enabling acts to tho Senate. One
was to enable the people of Nevada to
form ti constitution iifStategoverniiient
r,ir theiii-elves: another was to euainc
the neoiilo of the Territory of Colorado
in du I he same hlng; mm me 1 o"
. . 1 1. . i.i.-.i i.in
was to enable the people of Nebraska to
hi (be some I ling. 'I nest- lliree inn
wero reiiorted by him ami were pas-en
hy tho Senate at hi Instance, lie taking
niKiii hlm.-cll 011 .-everal occasions the
wholo or nearly llio whole of the debate
lu their favor. 1 propose- loexamlno for
nsliort tlmotliose bills preseuUH ny me
wniiM iiiciiiber v ho now de-ires us to
pas this hill ; and I make this exar'
..thin 1.1 11.1. tbiwn hill-, timl the turn
and ciiciiiii duiai's iimk r w hh h they
ero pas-ed '.intl llioolileei- m view in
their eiiaelHieiii, 1110 all Iiititn.ilclv con
nected with Un. qiaiiion belo.e ti
BLOOMS BU11G,
Tho cnnblliig acts for llio Territories!
of Nevada find Colorado wcro passed on
the' Ulst of jrarch, 18(11, nnd that relating
to tho Territory of Nebraska upon the
llitlt day of April of tho panic year.
about one mouth aflerward. Now, sir,
what were tho lending and material pro
visions of tho.ic acts? I innv state, in
the llrst place, that tnoso acts were nil
very much alike. They were, 1 believe,
identical lu nil their provisions except
lu the particular of the niimo of tho
Territory, and also in tho particular do-
signnlion of boundaries ; otherwise the
three acls wero precisely alike, nnd the
exumlnution of ouo gives us complete
knowledge of the provisions of the oth
ers, will lake the act relating to the
lerrnory 01 Nebraska, which appears
on the lilly-llrst page oftho pamphlet.
ol laws ol tho session of 1803-01. Hy the
third bection of that act tho lovernor of
tho Territory was authorized lo issue a
proclamation calling upon tho people of
tho Territory to elect delegates to n con
slitutional convention, The words nre:
And the (Irivnrnnr nf P.11I1I Torrilnrv
shall by proclamation, 011 or before the
nrst Aitmilay 01 Mny next, order an
election of the Heiiresentativesns afore
said to lie held on tho llrst Jlondav in
Juno thereafter throughout the Terrl
lory, mid such election slum lie conduc
ted In the same manner as is pre.sciibed
by the laws off-aid Territory, regulating
elections inerein lor meniDcrs 01 tlio
House of I'eprcsentntives."
Then by the fourth section it wns pro
vided :
"That the member? of llio convention
thus elected shall meet at t hecaii lal of
sim territory 011 llio lirsl .Monday in
.Inly next, and after organization shall
declare, 011 behalf of the people of said
Territory, mat mey adopt mo l onstitu-
iion 01 mo e illicit rjiates; wiicrctiimn
IhoFanl convention shall be, ami it is
hereby, authorized to form a constitu
tion ind Stato government forsaid Ter
ritory." Then follows In the fifth section a pro
vision Willi regard to tho adoption of
the constitution :
" That, in eaoa constitution and State
government shall he formed fertile peo
ple of said Territory of Nebraska, in
compliance with the provisions of this
act, that said convention forming the
Mine shall provide by ordinance Ibr.-ub-mitting
said constitution lo the peoplo
of said State for their ratillcalion or re
jection at an election to bo held 011 the
second Tuesday of October, lblil, at such
places and under such regulations us
may be prescribed therein."
Thero is only 0110 other provision of
those enabling acts to which I propose
to call attention, and that is found in
tlio concluding part of the llfth section.
After providing for the leturns of the
election upon the question of adopting
or rejecting (ho eou-llttition the re
turns .-.re to bo made lo (lie acting Gov
ernor it proceeds:
" Tho said acting Governor shall cer
tify the same to the 1'ie-lileiit of the
I'ni'ed States, together with a copy of
.aidton litiitionandoi'dinauccs; here
upon it shall be tho duty of the Presi
dent of the United Slates to is-tis' hi.s
proclamation declaring the .Slates nd
milted inlo the Union on an equal foot
ing with tho original Slates, without
any further action whatever on the part
of I'ougre-s."
The Senate will perceive that this en
abling act with reference to the Teintory
of Nebraska was, (hat the (loveinoi
should, by proclamation, call a conven
tion to meet in the month of July fol
lowing; that if the convention formed
a coii'-litution it should be voted 11 pn
and lucepted or reject oil in oclooer lol
lowing; and that in ea-e of the ticcept
uiico of the constitution ami a return of
such acceptance made to the Cn-aident
of tho United States, ho should i-ue a
proclamation declaring the Slain admit
ted into the Union. It will he seen that
it was contemplated thai there Territo
ries, if they chose to assume to them
selves the dignity and character of
States, should he prepared for represen
tation in Congris at the second session
ol' the Thirty-Kighth Congress, to wit,
when it assembled in tho month of De
cember, IMil. Thcso bills contained
piovisions by which tlio people of each
of these three Territories would be en
abled to lake their places in tlio confed
eracy of Slate- and obtain full represen
tation in both Houses ot Conress upon
Ihonssembllng of Congress in December,
IMil. The remarkable provision that
they should bo declared admitted into
llio Union by presidential proclamation,
"without any further action whatever
on the part of Congiv.ss," was a depar
ture from the previous practice of the
tiovernmeiil in such cases, ami exhibits
Uieantlety felt for theirspocdy entrance
into the Union ns States.
Now, sir, il will at once bo seen that
the prctcmo that tho peoplo of elthir
of the Territories! that have been spoken
of In the debate -Colorado or Nebraska
have proicedcd under the onahlini,'
acts in tho formation of constitutions for
thcin-elves, and In applying for admiss
ion Into tlio Union, Is wholly groundless,
Is without tho slightest foundation lu
fact or in law. Kuch 0110 of the ena
bling acb, expend itfclf within the year
IMII. It was to lie executed in that year
by the olt'icers and people ol the Terri
tory concerned if executed at nil ; if it
had ell'ecl, if It hud tho result that was
contemplated, tlio next' State xrould ap
pear by her representatives in the Con
gress of llio United Stales lu December
of thai year. Any proceedings which
have taken place since that year in
either Tenilory in connection xcith the
formation of a coii'lltutloit have been
xvholly unauthorized by thooiiablingncts
They have been voluntary on the part
of tlio peoplonnd authorities oftho Ter
ritory in question, They have nol been
aiillniilcd or Instigated by tho ie!,ls'..i-
Iniuo! ('iiiigifFs in any way wlibuvir.
Tho rc-ult 1 inevitable thai IhisuTer
.Uoiic. appear before Uj a- pviiliuiivio ;
PA., FRIDAY, J AN U All Y 4, 18(57.
tliey apply to us ns, perhnp, they can
properly apply, for permission to enter
the Union if xvo think tinder nil tho cir
cumstances they should bo admitted ;
but nny questions of right under thu
enabling acts of 18(31 tiro out of the case
nnd xvholly foreign to tlio debate.
IJefore 1 pass on, I will patlso u mo
ment to make the Inquiry, what was
intended or designed In 1S(H lu tlio en
actment oftheso sox'cral enabling nets
ns they arc called'.' Itiippcnrs front the
congressional proceedings, xvlilch nre
preserved to us, and which wo can con
sult, that tho peoplo of neither of those
Territories applied for ndmision for
mally. There was no agitation on their
part. Individuals resident in one or the
other of tlio several Territories may
have verbally expressed such n desiio,
but I helluva It xvillbo found upon in
vestigation that no application wns
made hy any olllcer or citizen of those
Territories in n formal manner to either
llonso of Congress for tlio passage of nu
enabling act. Why, then, were thoso
bills Introduced nnd passed' AN u know.
from subsequent inquiry nnd investiga
tion, that the number of inlmbltaiico in
either one of these Territories xvas ex
ceedingly small at that time. Thero
xx'ns n paucity of population, a delicicn
cy of population for nny reasonable pur
poso of forming n noxv Statu or Intro
(timing u nexv Statu into the Union.
Why, then, xx'oru those bills passed'.' I
wns never able to give any other ex
planation than this: that they wero
passed for Die ptirposoof Ijeadiug off (if
I may use theo.prc.sion) Mr. Lincoln,
who xvas then President oftho United
States, in his policy of re-establishing
State government!) in tlio South and ob
taining their recognition and reprcsen
tat Ion in tills (iovurnment. Jn his
annual message at the beginning of the
session, ho had communicated to Con
gress n plan for tho reorganization of
State governments, in which any great
er number than one-tenth oftho people
of any insurrectionary Stato xvero au
thorized to reorganize their govern
ment ; and ho pledged tho faith of this
fJovernnient that such Statu govern
ment should be recognized ami upheld
by it.
Not only that, but it wns notorious to
the wholo country, and appeared in all
forms in olllcl.il documents, that Mr.
Lincoln xvas not only announcing a plan
but xx us executing one. Ilu was carry
ing forward its execution in Tonnesseu
under the present President of tlio Unit
ed Stntes, who was sent thereby him.
llo xx'as carrying it on in the State of
Louisiana- actively and energetically.
1 lo was carrying it on also in Arkansuo in
(ho communication to (ieneinl Steele,
who was for a time in command in that
Slate, and in other ways ho xvas engag
ed in its execution there, lie was niso
carrying it on in the Slatoof Virginia,
xvilhin sight of tlie Capitol, at our very
doors.
A grave question arose upon xvlilch
men dillered, nnd dill'ered upon both
sides In politics, dillered nmoiig them
selves. It xvns whether that policy of
ids oforganizingStates upon the minor
ity principle ami by military poxver or
under military coercion, wn-; valid, and
if valid, xvhether it xvas reasonable and
proper. Upon that whole question 1
agreed with the Senator from Ohio. I
thought il Wit" absurd, it. xx'ns monstrous
Unit tho.-e presidential Slatej should be
et up i'.s members of this 1'niou and
should be reipresontedin the Senate and
House to the full extent to which their
populations xrere represented before the
xvar, that a mere fragment of the popu
lation of a State should w ield tho whole
political poxxor of that Stato in this
(iovernmenl, both in Congress and in
Ihe Kleclornl Colleges. 1, for one,
thought that lo be n monstrous propo
sition and resisted it; lu this agreeing
with tlio Senator from Ohio.
Uut although I agreed with him lu
his viuxvs on that question of presiden
tial reconstructed States us they were
then presented In the midst of tlie xvar,
I did not agree witli him in the means
by xvlilch his object should be reached,
lliidesired to head oil' this presidential
policy, lie felt about as John Minor
iiutt.s did in thedays ofTyler. lie, loo,
xvas opposed to tho President ami his
policy nnd desired to check him, to de
feat ills policy, to prevent the accom
plishment of ids designs. 1 nulled with
that Senator in voting against lecogniz
tug tho.su State governments, in resist
ing their being represented in Congress,
in resisting thu counting of their electo
ral votes for Picsideut ami Vico Piesl
deut of the United States. I did all this
upon clear ground-, and upon full con
viction. Hut there was ouo thing in
xvlilch I could not agree witli the Sin
ator from Ohio, nnd 'hat xvas, in calling
into existence impel feet, weak, inad
equate, premature States in tho Went
fur the purpose of chocking tho policy
of the President ; rushing in Nuvadu
and Colorado and Nebraska for the pur-
po-u of outvoting Mr. Lincoln's new
members fiom the South. 1 could not
go that far with the Senator from Ohio,
and therefore nexer g.tvu my a.s-cnt lo
these enabling acts of IMil.
lint, sir, to pnsson: under what cir-eiiiu-tances
xveru tliose bills enacted by
Congress '.' I propose to sboxv thai to tho
Senate and to tho country. I propose
to show the ..talements upon which tho
assent of Congress xvas given to those
measures, and I propo-o to show that
tho'H) statements cauio from tho Senator
from Ohio himself. Upon tho consid
eration of tho Colorado enabling tut,
Mr .Collaiuer ald :
" I wish In inqiilio ot llio t Imii'iituu of
llie CotiiillUle.' on icuuejlti xwicmei
ho has any information as to the extent
oftho population of this Territory'.'
ir. x a ih,. coming mat I can
rely upon with u very great deal of con
lldence, 1 have taken some nulns to
ascertain the facts from tho Delegate in
mo oilier iiotiso, and irom -Mr. J.d
niiinds. of tlie Land Olllco. xvbo lias
f.omu Information on dial subject. 1
understood mere must no now about
sixty thoii-nnd inhaliltan's hi Colorado ;
some think u great deal more than that.
Tliat is llio smallest number l find lull
mated by those who profess to know
anything about it. It is a Territory
xvnicii is lining up vcryrapldly. Judge
Kdmuuds tells me that liu has not tho
le,xt doubt in tho world that before
they llnlsh their arrangements and be
come a Slate, (here will bo hiilllcient
lopulallo:: thero for ix Iteiiresentatix'o
n Congress, according to thu ratio of
representation nxetl ny the last census.
tiiiu is auottt me liiiormation i got. "
Wlion the enabling act for Nebraska
xx'as pending thu Senator from Ohio
said, in the concliisson of tlie debate
these important words and recollect,
hu was speaking as tho organ of the
Committee on Territories, speaking
upon a territorial question, In n caso
nnd nt a time when ids expression of
opinion xvns entitled to the highest re
spect nnd coiilldenco
"I haxo no doubt this Territory will
have a population amply siillleient for a
Itoprcsotitative hy tho time they get a
ramie government lormeti aim nre retuiy
to elect their ollicers "
Which, according to tlio provisions in
tlio enabling act, xvotild have been in
Octobur, 18(11. Noxv, by tho legislation
of Congress, under tlie present census,
the population required for a member
of tlie House of Kepreseutativcs is one
hundred nnd txx'oiity-sovon thousand;
nnd Congress xvas assured, when these
eimbllng nets xvero passed in 1S0I, that
by tlio liino tlie peoplo of theso Territo
ries appeared, respectively, and claimed
admission tinder those enabling acts
they xvould have, each of them, at least
the ratio or number of one hundred and
txventy-sex'en thousand.
Mr. WADK. 1 hope the Senator will
alloxv ine one moment in explanation of
that. I ie thinks that my predictions as
to tlie population of theso Territories
xx'cre not xvell founded that I stated it
'ory large. 1 certainly announced what
the Commissioner ()f Public Lauds, who
xvas very xvell acquainted xvitii tlie sub
Ject stated. Hwastlieopinionofex'cry
body with xvhoni I conversed, tliat it
xvas tlio best light 1 could get at the
time. Hut the amount of population
tliat xvo expected then xx'as interrupted
and undoubtedly disappointed by thu
terilblu Indian xxnr tliat occurred about
that time, driving a great many out of
the Tenilory, nnd drawing a great
many into that war. 1 havo no doubt
that that had the effect to prevent thuse
expectations being fulfilled. That is all
1 have lo say on that subject. 1 repeat,
xvhat t have frequently said, that the
population of Nebraska now is larger
than Territories have usually had xvhen
they have been admitted, though not so
large as 1 expected it xvould be at the
time that enabling act xx'as passed.
Mr. I5UCKALHW. lint, Mr. Presi
dent, the force nnd effect of this fact is
not weakened or remove'd at all in re
spect to tlio point for which I cited 11,
and that was to shoxv that the Congress
of USUI xvas misled, if not intentional
ly, in effect, deceived with refeicnce to
tho subject of population in both the
Territories that aie now before us for
admission, ami that if tin- truth ban
then been kuoxvi, if the facts as they
xvero subsequently ic-certained had been
l.iirly stated and fully uuderslood, there
is no reason to heliuve that these ena
bling acts would have been passed. Con
gress acted under a misconception of tlie
imount of population in each of these
I'erritories.
1 say this i- conclusive ng.iint any
argument founded upon these enabling
statutes the argument which lias been
p res- tl upon us with such force from
tlio commencement of the debate down
to this time. At tho very time when
tho Senator from Ohio, upon authority
xvlilch misled him equally with the
Senate, xvas llxing the minimum of the
population of Colorado nt sixty tlious
nnd, nt tho very moment xvhen hu was
Informing us that tlie Delegate from
that Territory in the other brunch
claimed that it wns much larger than
that, tho actual number of Inhabitant.-
In that Territory could not possibly Inn'u
been over thirty thousand, one half thu
minimum llxed,and upon xvlilch .1 havi
a right to say the action of Congress xvas
predicated
And so in regard to tho Territory of
Nebraska. Wo xvero assured that it
would have one hundred nnd twenty
suven thousand inhabitants by the time
its constitution xvas formed, and its olll
cers elected. Instead of tliat being the
fact in October, IMil, xvhen xxe xvero told
it would take place, here in lMlfi, and nt
thu end of the year, we are acting upon
tho quisliou of admitting Nebraska,
Willi a probable- population of not luoio
than fifty thousand. It is true, stniugo
ami vague statements aro nuulo about
thero being soiuo eighty thousand peo
ple in this Teirltory, xitlt nothing to
siisluiii tluni except an unoiliclal and
uiuvliablo letter, to which 1 shall here
after allude. We hax esa.lsf.iclury proof
that tho population must be In tho
nel-liborhood of fifty thousand only
lint Congicss wu. iuld more than two
years ago, Ih.it in October IStll.it would
lie up to the ratio of ouo hundred and
txveuty-seven thuiiMnd.
1 will now brielly slnto the fads ns to
numbers', having laid the foundation
for tlio exhibit, first, in relation to
Colorado; by ihocciiMi.sol'Hiniln-pnp-ulaiioii
xvns !! I,'J77. Tho vote- lu August
IMJ1, x.is in,.'jbO in in Des-euibu ISCi,
,351; in October IWJ2,8,22 1 ; In .Septem
ber IRlil, following (he date of tlio ena
bllnguct,fi,7i!); in September 1W5, upon
the adoption uf tho constitution, ri,S!)5,
upon which vote u majority of 155 In
favor of tlio constitution xvas reported,
in this connection 1 will give tho lig
nites from tho census or iminneratlon
taken lu IMil to shoxv tho division oftho
population as to sex nnd ago.
M r. JOl I NSON. Under xvhat author
ity xvns that census taken?
Mr. IRVKALKW. Under tho au
thority of tho territorial Legislature,
suppose. Thu census of 1S0D shoxvs
fads of the samo character, but I take
the llgiireH of the enumeration of lS'ii
because it is a little Inter. In 1801 thero
xvero lu Colorado 18,221 adult mnles,
1,181 adult females, nnd 2,(122 minors;
making u total population of 25,!!2),
bowing u decrease of totnl population
from thu previous year of nbout DJion.
3lr. President, ns lias been frequently
stated In this debate, in the settled
parts of tho country tlio number of vot
ers as compared xvitii tiic wholo popula
tion is about onc-lirth. In tho Territo
ries and in tho noxv parts oftho country
from the fact that females and minors
do not go into them as largely as adult
males, it lolluxvs that tho proportion of
voters to tl o whole mass of population
is much greater; and of inovitablo ne
cessity, therefore, in estimating the pop
ulation of a Territory or a nexv Statu
you must multiply tlio voters by nsmall-
er number than Jive. That is inevita
ble, mid thu explanation is abundantly
furnished by the enumeration in 1801 in
ujiomuo, xvnicii shows tho enormous
preponderance of adult males over fe
males and minors in tlie population of
that Territory.
Hut, sir, thero wns a peculiar reason
for such great preponderance applying
to Colorado xvlilch does not apply to all
our Territories. It xx'as u mining region ;
it xvas tlio case of n shilling nnd chang
ing population; and you cannot apply
the- same- reasoning to tltu same extent
rleliltural Territories. Noxv, sii', I
pass to the case of Nebraska. Hy tlio
census of 1MK) its population was ".3,311,
of which there xveru white males 1 take
thu xvhltu population alone, because tho
negroes aro so few that they may be
omitted from thu calculation l(i,(W3
and females 12,007, showing that one-
fourth of thu vliolu malu population of
tlio Territory was in excess of tho fu
male. On tho 2d of June, lbCO, tlie
votu on adopting the constitution
amounted in tlio aggregate to 7,770, and
for Itopioseutativu to S,U3J. In October
last the total vote xvns !,130 at a full
election, at a time of excitement, and
xvhen it is likely that as lull n x'olo xx'as
polled as could be polled nt nny timu
xxilbin its limit.
Theso llgurcs in regard to Nebraska
prove that the population of tliat Terri
tory at tho timu of tile-October electiun,
all those xx ho made- up thu total mass of
peoplo from xvliom voters xvero taken,
could not have exceeded forty-llvothou-
iml, nnd tlie probability is that tlio
number did not exceed some thirty-six
or thirty-seven thousand. Tlio Senate
is told that there has been a brisk immi
gration inlo tliat Territory during the
past Summer and fall, dining tho six
mouths xvilhin .xvlilch the provision as
to residence of voters applies. They
must be at least -ix month in Ihe Terri
tory luiforo they can vote. Sir, if you
hould make a liberal estimate- of an
immigration into the Territory of some
two thuu.-and faniille's.say of live mem
bers each, or n total immigration tliat
xvould hu equivalent to tliat, you xxould
only get soinotcn thousand additional in
habitants, and the introduction of that
largo number of per-ons into a Terrl to-
eontalniiig only thirty-llvo to forty
thousand people would lie a matter of
general observation and of universal re
mark ; it xvould be staled nnd held by
all to be a X'cry largo increase of popu
lation. I f, therefore, you should assume
that thero xvas within six months the
large immigration of some ten thousand
Into that Territory, you xvould not get
tho total number above fifty thousand.
I lilt it seems tliat some- one connected
witli the liurcauof btalistics has writ
ten a letter addressed to gentlemen of
Nebraska who are hero, lu which ho
expresses a general opinion that tlio
population of that Territory is some
eighty-odd thousand. Noxv, xvhat lias
he to go upon? In tho llrst place thi
is not an otllcial paper; it does not pre
tend to be. Thero Is no authenticity
about it o Jar as the Senate N concerned.
it is not a paper addressed to it, nor
one made up under any responsibility
xvhatex'er. And, sir, in xvhat way can
men of the lltireau of Statistics knoxv
anything about tlio population of thl
Territory V They cannot certainly knoxv
It from a con-us, becamo there lifts been
none taken. They cannot knoxv it from
an enumeration of taxables lu thu Ter
ritory, because thero has been no such
enumeration. In what manner can
they then acquire Infoniiation about it V
I do not know nny statistics thero can
bo in tlio Treasury Department applica
ble to this question unless it bo tho re
turns of incomes and to attempt to es
timate population upon returns of that
kind xvould ho so absurd that 1 supposu
mi man in-ido or outside the lluriau
xvould attempt H. if there hu any In
formation in Ihe Treasury Depiirtnuni
accessible to this olllcer of the Itureuti of
Statistic-, or accessible to nny one ele,
It must con-Ist of responses to letters
sent to United States ollicers in tlio Ter
ritory. Letters may have been address
ed to thu assessors or collector-, in the
Tenilory nnd their opinions ubtnlncd.
1 picsiuuo tliat tlili extra vngaiit and
l'lUUE FIVE CENTS.
manifestly mitriio estimate must bo
predicated upon something of that do
fccrlption. I cuii conceive no other man
ner lu xvlilch It could bo obtained.
l'ho United .Stales assessors In Hint
Territory, if they xvero called upon,
would bo very apt to muko n liberal es
timate, especially if tliey participated
In tho feeling In favor of a noxv Stato
xvhich is felt by other gentlemen who
nre hero from thu Territory, and opin
ions from them not predicated upon nil
ucttinl ('numeration xvould bo uttterly
worthless, would bo so unreliable that
nny man might bo thought destitute of
good sense who should think of forming
an opinion upon them. We, hoxvever,
havo tho population of tho Territory
sufficiently established for nil practical
purposes in thu statistics which 1 have
presented, ns wu havo also in thu caso of
Colorado.
I say, then, that it is proposed lioio
to admit Colorado into tho Union ns a
State, with a population not exceeding
thirty thousand, nnd Nebraska ns n
Statu xvitii a population not exceeding
fifty thousand, xvhilo tho ratio or mini
bor requlslto for n member of Congress
in all tho old States, tho settled portion
of tho country, l.s ono hundred and
txventy-soven thousand ; and as a rep
resentative of three million people, Who
conslltuto tho political community
known us Pennsylvania, I nm asked to
gh'oto sevcnty-llvo or eighty thousand
people doublu tlio representation in thli
branch of Congress that is possessed by
those threcmlllion, and to givo them
also three times tho representation to
xvhich their numbers xx'ould entitle
them in tlio IIouso of Itepresentatix'es.
Sir, I cannot do it; and no membor of
this Senate or of this Congress ought to
ask my Stato or its peoplo to assent to
so unreasonable n proposition.
Wo agreed when tlie Constitution of
the United States wns formed that our
numbers should go for nothing in this
body.
That was a fenturu of tlio compact
among thu thirteen members which
xx'ero to coniposo tlie Union; but thero
xx'ns to bo representation according to
population in the other branch of Con
gress; and that principle tliat States
bo represented according to numbers in
tlio House of lloprcsentntives is the on
ly compensation xvhich the largo States
received for tlio surrender of tho prin
ciple of numerical representation in tho
Semite.
That rcprnsentntion In tho IIouso is
invaded by theso bills. It is not merely
disproportionate representation in tlio
Senate, it is not merely the equnlity of
thirty thousand men oftho mountains
of Colorado in this Senate, with tlirco
millions in the cast ; it is not tlio equal
ity of llfty thousand upon tho plains of
Nebraska in this Senate with threo mil
lions in tho east ; but it is tho represen
tation of these Territories with eighty
thousand population, in tlie IIouso of
Representatives ns if they had txvo hun
dred and fifty-four thousand, or enough
for two Representatives, according to
tho ratio under tho existing act of Con
gress. It is then, not senatorial In equnli
ty alone ngninst xvhich xx'o object, it is
representative inequality, niso.
A id, sir, what are tho reasons which
are to reconcilu us to this injusticoV
is there any complaint in the Territory
of Nebraska of bail government? Does
the- Lxecntive, appointed by thu Presi
dent and conliiineil by this Senate, op
press its peoplo? Are- the judges sent
there by ouradvice or con-ent corrupt
or incompetent men ? Is not property
secure'.' Is not lifo bee-uru? Is not Jus
tice administered fairly ? Thero nre no
complaints; thero is no reason for com
plaint. We aro told in this debato tliat
tlio (Jovernorof this Territory is accep
table to its poople ; that ho is in full nc
conl und sympathy with them; in
short, that there is no foundation for
complaints by tlio peoplo of tlio Terri
tory or any part of them In regard to
tlio existing government which has been
instituted by Congress.
The Senator from Ohio xvho sits near
est me Mr. Sherman spoko nbont tho
expenso of a territorial government.
lie is -,x member of tho I'inanco Com
mittee; lie is looking nflor money mat
ters with great care, and ho wants tho
Territory admitted as a Stato to save
tho expenso of a territorial government.
In that connection let mo gh'o sonio
facts in regard to another Territory.
General Sherman, in ids recent report
of tlie 5th of November, speaking of
llio Territory of Nexv Mexico, says ;
"Tho whole Territory seems a pastoral
land, but not fit for cultivation. Tho
mines undeveloped nro supposed to bo
very x'liluable, but as yet, remain most
ly in a state of nixture. Wo havo held
this territory since ISIO, twenty years,
at a cost lo tho national Treasury of full
ouo hundred millions, nnd I doubt if it
xvillever reimburse to tho couutry a
tlthoof tliat sum."
Hy the census of IfiDO the population
of Nexv Mexico xvns ,j:)..-,io. At present
General Sherman says: "The entlro
population may be estimated nt IOojkk),"
and from other Information which I
have examined I suppose it to be some
what nioro than that. Here Is a Terri
tory with a population of 100,00(1, a
Territory very expensive to us, and
xvhere, if you need relief from tho bur
dens of a territorial government, you
should apply an enabling act and or
ganise a Si.tti government and get rid
of some poitlim of the bui'den, at least
the burden uf the administration of
civil a f ltd is.
Mr. WADK. Will the Senator alloxv
me to mnko.u .suggestion on that point ?
Mr. lU'CKALIAV. Ceilaluly.
Mr. WADK. 1 believe II is not usual
for u to commence to bring Territories