yi.iiiiJt;ri!NDi!NT journal,
tM,rtrilM1tIK!l HVEHV SATUKIfAT, IX
iiioomslmrH, CoIuiiiMr Count), l'n
TIIltM.H.
vrwwUftri n ymr, In mlvnneo. If not piila lit
aJrnnco;Tvo Dollari nnil I-'lOy Cmiti.
"jf t anonoE ir. Mooitii,
jt talllnf of tlio Cot.u.MillAiti
5fJ nlddiiMmrg, Columbia Oinnty, l'n.
TnJriiKSii)ENvr's message!
'Ffllbtc-Cititam tf the 8tlia(c ami House
qf llepresallath'CS t
, ArTr.it a brief Interval thtj Congress
of tlm United States rosuuies Ha riulniul
legislative labors. An nll-wlscnnd mer
ciful Providence lias abated t!io pesti
lent wlilcb visited onr shores, leaving
Its calamitous tniccs upon some port Ions
of oilr country.' Peace, brder, tranquil
ity, -Atid civil authority liavo been for
mally Upclared to c!xist throughout tbo
vVliolo &f tlio Unltett States; In nil of
tho States civil authority litis superced
ed tho coercion of arms, nifd the people,
by tliclr voluntary h'jtlon, Hro maintain
ing 'their governments lit .full activity
and' complete operation. The enforce
ment of tho lnws is no longer " obstruct
ed Inauy Sluto by combinations td'o pow
erful to bo suppressed by tliu ordinary
conrso of judicial proceeding;" nnd the
animosities ongenderUirby tho war are
mpl'diy yielding to (hu bcneilcont infill
encas "Of our free institutions, and to the
kindly Ofli'ct.s of unrestricted social and
'commercial intercourse. An entire res
toration of fraternal feeling must bo tho
earnest Wish of every patriotic heart ;
imd wo will have accomplished our
grandest national achievement when,
forgetting tho sad events of tho past,
rindtrcmoniboringonly their instructive
lessons, wo resume our onward career
us a free, prosperous, and united people.
THIS KOUTHP.ltN STATUS.
Ill my message nf tho fourth of De
cember, 1805, Congress was informed of
tho measures which had been instituted
byStho Executive with a view to the
gradual restoration of tho States In
whlcluthc insurrection occurred to their
relations with tho General Government.
Provisional Governors had beennppoint
cd, conventions called, Governors elect
ed, Legislatures assembled, and Senators
and;Rcpresentativcs chosen to tho Con
gres,s.pf tho United States. Courts hod
been opened for the enforcement of laws
long in abeyance. Tho blockade had
been, removed, custom-houses rc-cstnb-lishcd,
and tho internal revenue laws
put, in force, in order that tho people
migJit contribute to tho national income.
Postal operations had been renewed,
nnddffdrts were being miulo to restore
tlicm to, their former condition of efU
clency. ThoStutcsthcmsclvw had been
asked to take part in the high function
of amending the Constitution, and tints
sanctioning tho extinction of African
slavery'jis one of tho legitimate results
of our internecine struggle,
liiving progressed thus far, tho Exec
utive Department found that it had uc
conYplished nearly all that was within
thoecopo of its constitutional nutliorityi
Onct'thlng, however, yet remained to bo
'dono before tiio work of restoration
could bo completed, nnd that was tho
odniission to Congress of loyal Senators
nnd Representatives from the States
wliosO "'people had rebelled against the
lawfub'autliority of the General Govern
mcnttV Tills question devolved upon
tjioirespective Houses, which, by tho
Constitution, aro niado tho judges of
t lie elections, returns, and qualifications
of their own members ; and its consid
eration nt once engaged tho attention of
Congress.
In tho meantime the Executive 17c'
partmcnt no other plan having been
proposed by Congress continued its ef
forts to perfect, as far as was practicable,
tho Restoration of tho proper relations
between tho citizens of the respective
Btates,' the States, and the Federal Gov
crnmcpt, extending, from time to time,
as thepublieinterestsseeinedto require,
tho, judicial, revenue, and postal sys
tems qfthe country. Witli tho advice
and'.conscnt ol the Semite, the necessary
pincers wcro appointed, and appropria
tions! mado by Congress for tho payment
bf their salaries. Tho proposition to
uincqd the Federal Constitution so as to
prevont tho existence of slavery within
thcUnited States, or any place subject
to their jurisdiction, was ratified by the
requlsitemtnibor of States; and on tho
eighteenth day of December, 1S(!, it
was officially declared to have becoiuo
valid nsft.part of tho Constitution of the
Uni(cdStatcs. Allot the States id which
the Insurrection had existed promptly
amended ' their constitutions so us to
inakOitliom.conforni to the great change
thus effected in tho organic law of tho
land i ,de.clnred null and void all ordi
imiicCsand laws of secession ; repudiated
all protended debts and obi Igatlons creat
ed for the revolutionary purposes of tho
Insurrection ; nndproccodud iugood faith
to thecuactmeul of measures for the pro
tection fffid amelioration of tho condi
tion df the j:olorod race. Congress, how
over, yet hesitated to admit any of tiieso
States to representation ; nnd it wa? not
uutil toward tho close of tho eighth
ino'Htlj.pf the session tlfat nu excoption
Was made in favor at Tennessee, by tho
julintenlon nf hurSuiiatorsnud Ituureson-
Admission of her Senators aud Ruprcscii'
(atives, ,
Ko:f-iijffsgioN' of T.ovAi4 Kr.runsKN-
- - - TATiVKH.'
. lideem It as a subject of profound re
grot that Congress has thus far failed to
ndinjt t'o soats loyal Senators and Hcp
resciitaUycs from tho other Staies.whoso
Inhabitants, witli thoso of TcniiMeoo,'
had ' engaged In the RobelUoiv. Ten
States mora than one fourth of the
whole number remain without rcpiC'
eentation ; tho seats of fifty members In
j.tho IIouso of Representatives, and o'f
two'iity mein'bors In tjio Senii'to, aro yet
vactint-not by thefr own consent, not
by taJailuro o'f erection, but by tho refus
al of Congres-, to accept their credentials.
Their ftdmlssloii, it Js believed, would
"javo-Eccornpllshcd much toward the re-
VOL. t'.-NO. 32, .
nowal atl(l s'trengtlicnlng of our relation
as dild lico)lo, aud removing serious
cause for discontent on tho part df tho
inhabitants of those States. It would
havo ae'edrded with tho great principle
enunciated In tho Declaration of Amer
ican independence', that no people oilgllt
to boar the burden of taxation, llnd yet
bo denied tho rlgiit df representation!
It would liavo been In consonance with
tho exprcsS provisions of the Constitu
tion, that " each StlUbshall have at least
ono Representative," and that "no
State, without Its consent, shall bo de
prived Uf 1W equal iiilirrago in tho Sen
ate." Thbsd provlBloiu were ldtciilled
to soduro td ov-ery State, aitd to tlio peo
ple of every Sthte,thc rigllt of representa
tion in each House of Cougress; and so
Important was It deemed by tho framcrs
of tho Constitution that the equality of
the States In the Seniito should bo pre
served, that not even by an amendment
of the Constitution can any State, with
out its consent, bo denied u. voice In that
branch of tho National t'cg'lature.
HTATia Alti: NOT COXQUlUtlll) TKitUI-
TOKits.
It Is true, It has been assumed that tho
existence of the States was terminated
by the rebellious acts of their iniiabl
Units, and that the insurrection having
been Bitpprcssod, tlioy were thencefor
ward to bo considered merely as conquer
edTerrltoriesi The legislative ecutive,
and judicial departments of the Govern
ment have, however, with great dis
tinctness and uniform consistency, re
fused to sanction an assumption so in
compatible witli the nature of our re;
publican system, and with tlio professed
objects of tho war. Throughout tho re
cent legislation of Congress, the undo
niablo fact makes itself apparent that
these ten political communities aro notli
ing less than States of this Union. At
tho very commencement of tho Rebel'
Hon each House declared, with a unan
imity as remarkable as it was .signifi
cant, that tlio war was not " waged upon
our part in a spirit of oppression, nor
for any purpose of conquest or subjuga
tion, nor for any purposcof overthrowing,
institutions of thoso Statosf but td de
fend and maintain the supremacy of the
Constitltutlon and nil laws niiule in pur
suance thereof, and toprcscr'vo the Union
witli all thodignity, equality, and rights
of tho several States unimpaired ; and
that as Soon rts tlieib Objects" were "ac
complished the war ought to cease." In
some instances Senators wore permitted
to continue 'their legislative functions,
while In Other instances Representa
tives wero elected aud admitted to
6oat after their States had formally do
clared their right to withdraw from tlio
Union, and were endeavoring to main
tain that right by force of arms. All
of the States whose people were in in
surrection, as States) wero included in
the apportionment of the direct tax of
twenty millions of dollars annually laid
upon tho United Sates by tlio act approv
ed August fifth, 1801; Congress, by 'the
act of March fourth, 1802, and by tho iip;
portionment.of representation thereun
der, also recognized their- presence as
States in the Union ; and they have, for
I liiillclnl nn(-tm'na hci'ii ill viilpd Intu rlitt-
j - x -1 i -f- -----
trlcts, as Strifes alone can bo divided.
Tho same' recognition nppears in tlio re
cent leglslatloniit reference to Tennessee,
which evidently rests Upon tho fact that
the functions of tlio State wcro not de
stroyed by tlielUtbellion,butmoreiySus:
ponded ; and that principlois, of course,
applicable to thoso States which, like
Tennessee, attempted to renouueo their
places in tho Union.
The action of tho Exccutlvo Depart
ment of tlio Government upon this sub
ject has been equally dolluitc and uni
form, and the purpose of tlio war was
specifically stated in tho proclamation
issued by my predecessor on tho t wenty-
secoiui day of September, 1802. It was
then solemnly proclainicd and declared
that " hereafter) as ltorotdfore, tlio war
will bo prosecuted for tho ofijcct. o'f prac
tically restoring tho constitutional re
lation between tlio .United States nnd
each of tho States and tho peoplo there
of, in which States that relation is or
may bo suspended or disturbed."
Tho recognition of tho brutes by tho
Judicial Department of tho Govern
ment has also been clear and conclusive
In all proceedings nll'ectlng them as
States, had iu tho Supremo, Circuit,
and District Courts.
NO DAKGIUI IN ADMITTING KLTIUJ
KENTATIY1W. In the admission of Senators and
Representatives from any aud nil of thu
States, there can bo no Just ground of ap
prehension that persons who arodlsloy
al will bo clothed with tlio powers of
legislation: for tills could not happen
when the Constitution aud tho laws are
enforced by a vigilant and faithful Con
gresj. Each 1 loite is made tho " judge'
of tlio elections, return's, and qualifica
tions of its own members," and may,
" with tho concurrence of two tiiirds,
expel ti member." Whon u Splinter
VI JWJ'I -T'JIl IUIJ v V J'lV-Sl ma Alio .itti.-
cato o'f election, ho may at once be
admitted or rejected j or, should there
bo any question as to his eligibility, his
credentials may bo referred lor Invest!
Nation to tho a'piironrJa'to committee. If
admitted to a seat, It must bo upon ovl
denco satisfactory to tho llouso of
which Iio tint's becomes a member, that
h'o possesses tho requisite constitutional
and iciral mialfficatlous. If refused ad-
mbsfon as u member for want of duo
allegiance to tlio Government, and re
turned to his constituents, tlioy aro ad-
nio'nlsbcd llutt n'ono but' persons loyal
to tho United States will b'61 allowed a
voicoin tho Legislative Councils of tho
BLOOMSBURGi,
nation, nnd tlio political powfcr and
moral lullucnc'o tlf Congress aro tints
offectUfbly exerted In tho Interests of
loyalty to Ills' Government nnd fidelity
to tho. Union. Uptiti this question, so
vitally ntroetlng tho restoration df tlio
Upton and tho permanency df our
llrcseiit form of government, my con
victions, heretofore, expressed, havo
uudqrgono no chaugb; but; oil llib1, fco'n-
trary, their correctness Hits bcoit con
firmed by reflection1 rilid time. If the
admission of loyal members to scats in
the respective Houses of Congress was
v tso and expedieiit a year ago, It Is nd
less wise aud expedient now. If tills
nnonialous condition is right now If, In
tho exact condition of thesoStatcsat tho
present time, It Is lawful to excludo
them from representation, I do not see
that the question will bo changed by tho
cfllux of time. Ten years hence, If
theso States remain as they are, tho
right of representation will boiiostrong-
cr the Tight oi oxcluslun will bo no
weaker.
r.rrixTS or puck admissioNi
Tho Constitution of tho United States
makes it the duty of tho President to
recommend to the consideration of Con
gress " such measures as ho shall judge
necessary or expedient." I know of no
measure moro imperatively demanded
by every consideration of national In
terest, sound policy, nnd equal justice,
than tho admission of loyal members
from tlio now unrepresented States. This
would consummate tho work of restora
tion, and exert a mostsalutarylnlluenco
in tho re-cstublishment of peace, liar
mony.and fraternal feeling. It would
tend greatly to renew the confidence of
the) American peoplo in the vigor and
stability of thoir institutions. It would
binu us more closely together as a na
tion, and enable us to show to tho
world tho Inherent and recuperative
powerof a government founded upon
tho will of tho people, and established
upou tlio principals of llbcrtyi justice,
and intolligeitco. Our increased strength
and enhanced prosperity would irre
fragably demonstrate the fallacy of
tho arguments against frco institu
tions drawn from our rcceut nation
al 'disorders by ,tho enemies of re
publican government. Tho admission
now excluded from Congress, by allay
ing doubt and. apprehension, would turn
capital, now- awaiting an opportunity
for investment, into tho channels of
trade and industry. It would alleviate
tho present troubled condition of those
States, and, by inducing emigration
aid in tlio settlement of fertile regions
now uncultivated, , and lead to an iu
creased production of thoso staples
wh'Ich have added so greatly to tho
weaitli of tho nation and the cotniiierco
of tlio world. New fields of enterprise
wpmd b'o opened to our progressive peo
plo, and soon the devastations of war
would bo repaired, and all traces of our
domestic differences effaced from the
minds of our countrymen.
CONSOLIDATION TO 111! AVOIDED.
In our effort.slo preserve 11 tho Unity of
Government" which constitutes us one
peoploj" by restoring tlio States to tho
condition which they held prior to the
Rebellion, wo should be cautious, lest
having rescued our nation from peril
of threatened disintegration, wo resort
to consolidation, and in the end nbsolttto
despotisin, ns a remedy for the recur
renco of similar troubles. The war hav
ing terminiitcdf nnd witli It till ocension
for tho exerciso of powers of doubtful
constitutionality, wo should hasten to
bring legislation within tho boundarie
prescribed by tho Constitution, nnd to
return to tlio ancient landmarks estab
lished by our fathers for tho guidaiic
of succeeding generations. "The Con
stitution which at any time exists, until
changed by an explicit and authentic
act of tlio whole people, Is sacredly ob
ligatory Upon all." " if, in the opinion
of tlio people, tho distribution or modi
llcation of tlio constitutional powers be
in any particular, wrong, let It be cor
rected by nn amendment in tlio way
which tho Constitution designates. But
letthcrobonocliango by usurpation ; for
it is tho customary weapon by which free
governments aro destroyed." Wash
ington spoke these words to his coun
trymen whun, followed liy their lov
and gratitude, ho voluntarily retired
from tlio cares of public life. " To keej
in all tilings within tlio pale of our con
stltutioiial powers, and cherish the Fed
era! Union as tlio only rock of safety,'
were prescribed by Jefiersou as rules of
.ictlon to endear to his " countrymen tlio
true principles of their Constitution
aud promote a Union of sentiment and
action equally auspicious to their lmi:
pinessaud safety." Jackson held that
tho action of tlio General Government
should always bo strictly confined to
tho sphere of its appropriate duties, aud
lustl.v and forcibly urged that our Gov
eminent fs'not to bo maintained nor our
Union preserved " by invasions of tlio
rights and powers of the several htates,
In thus attempting to make our General
Government strong wo muko it wcnlc
Its truo strength consists iri leaving in
dividuals and States as much as possible
to thomselves ; in making itself felt, not
iu its power, but in its beneficence ; not
In Its control, but In Its' protection ; not
iu binding tho States moro closely to
the centre, but leaving each to move un
obstructed In Its proper constitutional
orbit. ,' Th'e'o aro tho teachings of men
wh'oso deeds and borviccs havo mado
them illustrious, and who, long sine
wlflidrawn'from the scones of life, havo
left to their 'country (he rich legacy of
their e.Vati!pl6,' their wmloin, and tliei
patriotism! Drawing fresh inspiration
from tllctr lessons, let us emulate them
mi m rrm m mm mmm? aim mj im
"sAfrUKDAY," DEOlilMBER "slSGO.
il lovo of country and respect for tho
Constitution and tlio htws
OL'H rtNANciIs: . ,
Tho report of tlio Secrelniy of tho
reasur.v affords much Information ro-
poctliigtho roveiltie and commerce of
tho colh.it ry. Ills views upon the cur
rency, rind with reference to a proper
itdjustiiietit of our revenue system,
ntcrntil as well as Impost, nro coin-
mended to tho careful consideration
of Congress. In my last Annual IWos-
ngo I expressed my general views upon
these subjectsi I need next' unly call at
tention to the necessity of carrying into
every Department of tho Government a
system of rigid accountability, thorough
retrenchment, ami wise economy, with
noexceptlonal nor unusual expenditures,
tho oppressive burdens of taxation can
bo lessened by Stlcll a iiiotllflcatlon of
our revenue laws ns will bo consistent
with the public faith, and tho legitimate
and necessary wants of the Government.
Thu report presents a much more sat
isfactory condition of our finances than
ono 5-oar ago tho most sanguine could
have anticipated. During tho fiscal
year ending the thirtieth of Juno, 1E01,
tho last year of tho war, the public debt
was Increased $!)ll)!)02,.r)37, and on tho
thirty-first of October, 1SG5, It amounted
v 1 1 - i
to 2,710,8,-.l,7o0. On the thirty first
.1.. ..r onr ii. i i t, I
day oi uctoucr, ihoo, it nau uecn re
duced to $2,M1,!11 0,000, tho diminution
during a period of fourteen mouths,
commencing Hepteriibcr first, 180o, anil
ending October thlrtyilrst, 18C0, having
been $20G,37l);r(V;. In tho last annual
report on tho state of tho finances, it
was estimated that during the three
piarters of tho fl-cal year ending tho
thirtieth of June hist, tlio debt would
?o increased $112,101,017. During that
period, however, it was reduced "$31,10(1,-
:1S7, the receipts of tho year having been
$S!)1oo.'5(oo5 more, and tlio expenditures
:oo,r,20,2:ri less than tho estimates.
Nothing could moro clearly Indicate
than these statements the extent and
availability of tho national resources,
and the rapidity and safety with which,
under our form of gdVerittrlcnt, great
military and naval establishments can
bo disbanded, and expenses reduced
from a war to it peace footing.
During tho fiscal year ending the thir
tieth of June, 1800, the receipts wero
0G8,032,G20, and tlio expenditures .'i20,-
50,010, leaving an available surplus of
$-17,281, 0S0. It is estimated that the re
ceipts for the fiscal year ending the thir
tieth June, lS(!7,will be$175,001,;i0,tuid
that the expenditures will resell tlio
nun of $:I10, 12S.078, leaving in tho Treas
ury a surplus ol $i.iS,(i.).J,:(M. For tlio
fiscal year ending Juno thirtieth, 1808,
it is estimated that the receipts will
amount to f.t:i(l,000,00(), and that tbo ex
penditures will be $:i.")0, 2 17,(511 showing
an excess of $85,722,oo0 in favor of the
Government. Theso estimated receipts
may ho diminished by a reduction of
excise and import duties ; but after all
necessary reductions shall havo been
made, tiio revenue of tho present and
of following years will doubtless be .suf
ficient to cover all legitimate charges
upon the Treasury, and leave a largo
annual surplus to bo applied to the pay
ment of tho principal of tlio debt.
Thero poems now to bo no good reason
why taxes may not bo reduced as tho
country advances in population ami
wealth, and yet tho debt be extinguished
within tlio next quarter of a century.
o'un AllMY.
Tho report of the Secretary of 'War
furnishes valuable and important infor
mation in reference to tho operations of
his Department during tlio past year.
Few volunteorsJiow remain iu thu scr-.
vice, and they aro being discharged au
rapidly its they can bo replaced by regu
lar troops. The army has been prompt
ly paid, carefully provided with medi
cal treatment, well sheltered nnd sub
sisted, mid is to bo furnished with breech-
loading small -arnlsj Tho military
strength of the nation lias been unim
paired by tho discharge of volunteers,
the disposition of unserviceable or per-
shablo stores, and tlio retrenchment of
expenditure. Sufficient war material
to meet any emergency has been re
tained, aud, from tho disbanded volun
teers standing ready to respond to thu
national call, largo armies can bo rapidly
organized, equipped, nnd concentrated.
Fortifications on tlio coast and frontier
have received, or are being prepared for
moro powerful armaments lalso sur
veys and harbor and river improve
ments aro iu course of energetic prose
cution. Preparations havo been mado
fur the payment of thondditiouul boun
ties authorized during tho recent ses
sion of Congress, under Mich regulations
as will protect tho Government from
fraud, aud secure to tho honorably-dis
charged soldier the well-earned reward
of ids faithfulness- nnd gallantry. More
than six thousand maimed soldiers have
received artificial limbs or other surgi
cal apparatus; and forty-ono national
cemeteries, containing tlio remains of
ono hundred anil four thousand flvo
hundred and twenty-six Union soldiers,
havo already been established. The
total estimate of military appropriation
is 25I205I000.
OUK NAVV.
It is stated In the report of the Secre
tary of the Navy that, tho urtval force
at tills time consists of 278 ves-ols, armed
wltli2,35r guns.' Of theso 115 vessels,
carrying f,Vi20 guns, aro lu cniumir-slon,
distributed chietiy u'm'ong ooven squad
ron.' Tho number of men in tlio .ser
vice Is 13,000. Groat activity and vigi
lance liavo lietrn displayed by nil the
squadrons, nnd their movenioc'ts li'avu
been Judiciously nnd eillcieutly nrrm-gcil
in such manner as would bast promote
American conlmcrce, and protect tlio
rights and Interests of our countrymen
abroad. Tho- vessels unemployed nro
undergoing repairs, or aro lnid up un
111 tlioir services may be required. Most, '
of tho irou-clud fleot Is at I eaguo Island
in tlio vicinity of Philadelphia, a place
which, until declslvo action should bu
taken by Congress, was selected by the
Secretary of tlio Navy its tho most ollg-
iblo location for that clas of vessels. It
Is important Hint aKultablopubllcstotlon
should ho provided for the Iron-clad licet,
it is intended that these vessels shall bo
In proper condition for any emergency,
nnd It is desirable that tho bill accept
ing League Island for naval purposes,
which passed the House of Representa
tives nt its lat session, should receive
final action at an early period, in order
iti 11 l. .. -. .11-1.1-
1 " . l'Tu' "l " HUU, """V: ,
siauou loriius ciass oi v .-o,s m wen
linn IllH-illll Ul M11-.1 SllillUll'lil IU1 WIU
wants of tho service, on tho Delaware!
River. TheXavDl Pension fiiudnindifuts
to ?ll,7W,()00, having been Increased
S2,750,i)00durhifrthoycar. The expen
ditures c"f tiio Department for tho fiscal
year ending thirtieth Juno last wero
.?l!ll!!21,.'i2(l, and tlio estimates for tlio
coming yearumount to$2!J,0'JS, lilO. At
. i, , . ... i .... , uiKjui; uuiaucu ni l-,uuu jiiiui aim rAt-
tentlon is invited to the condition oncutc.abwiliml?otm1)lornergy,asitis tho
nut unnUim-i it ml llin ltniinrloiw.fi nf Innic. 1 ... 017 '
" "-''
latlvo measures for their relief and im-
i .... ,. . , ,
proyeincnt. The suggestions in behalf
of this deserving class of ourfellow-c 1-
zons nro amies y recommended to the
favorable attention of Congress.
nn i 'i0'" . h ,
Tho report of tho Pomastor-dcneral
presents a most satisfactory condition
of the postal service, and submits recom-
mediations which deserve the consider-
a Ion of Congress. Tlio revenues of
tho Dnpnr ..lent for tho year ending
Juno thirtieth, 1S(,0 wcro 1 1.IJSO.OM.,
and the expenditures $15 3 ,2,070, show-
ing an excess of the latter of $905,003.
in anticipation oi mo aeiiciency, now-
ui, Biui-i;u uiiiuuiuiuiiuii ui iiiuuu
by Congress in the act approved July
twnnrTr-nlrrlifl. 1 Sllfi Tnr.1 ml I in tlln
Btfiiu1tnrfnnnrniirlu1nnnMTim.On(llvrfrpn
mail matter, as a le-itininto nortlon of
tho revenues vet remainlmr unextieud-1
n.l.tlm m.ti.;il l..nntrttev f,.r tlm .,,t.
vi..ir Is nnlv 1vfir,:o'i3a sum within
$31,1 if of thc amount estimated In tlio
annual report of 1801. The decrease of
repor
revenue, compared with tho previous
year, was one and ono flfth per cent.,
aud tho increase of expenditures, ow
ing principally to tlio enlargement of
tho mail servico in tho South, was
twelve per cent. On the thirtieth of
of Juno last there wero in operation eix
thousand nine hundred and thifty mail
routes, with uu aggregate length of ono
hundred and eighty - thousand nino
hundred and twenty-one miles, and Oj
' gregatcnunualtransportutlonot sovonty-
one million eight hundred''stnd thirty
seven thousand nine hundred and four
teen miles, and an aggregate annual cost,
including all expenditures, of $S,-I10,1SI'.
The length of railroad routes is thirty
two thousand and ninety-two miles, nnd
the annual transportation thirty million
six hundred and illno thousand four
hundred and sixty-seven miles. The
length of steamboat routes is fourteen
thousand three hundred and forty-six
miles, nnd tho annual transportation
three million four hundred and cloven
thousand nino hundred aud sixty-two
miles. Thu mail servico is rapidly in
creasing throughout tlio wholo country,
and its steady extension in tho Southern
States indicates their constantly im
proving condition. Tho growing im
portance of the foreign survico also
merits attention. Tho Post- Jlllcu Do
partment of Great Britain and our own
havo agreed upon n preliminary basis
for u new postal convention, which it is
behoved will provoeniinetilly beneficial
to tliocommoiehd interests-of tho Unit
ed States, inasmuch as it contemplates a
reduction of thoin'yrnatioiial letter pos
tage to one half the existing rates ; a re
duction of postage with all othor coun
tries to and from which correspondence
is transmitted in the llrilish mail, or in
closed mails through tlio United King
dom; the establi-liiuent of uniform aud
reasonable charges for the sea nnd terri
torial transit of correspondence iu clos
ed mails; and an allowance to each
Post-Ollleo Dopartnient of thu right to
use all mail communications establish
ed under tho authority of tho other for
tlio dispatch of correspondence, either
in open or closed mails, on tho same
terms as those applicable to tho inhabit
ants of the country provldiug the means
of transmission.
I'l'llMC1 LANDS INDIAN AFK.tlflf.
Tho report of tlio Secretary of tho In
terior exhibits tho condition of those
branches of tho public servico which
aro committed to hlssupervision. Dur
ing tho last fiscal year 1,0211,312 acres of
public land wero disposed of, 1,802,510
acres of v. hi eh wore entered under thu
homestead act. Tho policy originally
adopted relative to tho public lauds has
undergone essential modification. Im
mediate revenue, and not their rapid
settlement, was tlio cardinal feature of
our land system. Ixing oxpcrlonco and
earn-st discussion havo resulted in the
conviction that tlio early development
of our agricultural resources, aud tlio
diffusion of tin energetic population over
our vast territory, aro objects' of far
creator importance to tho national
trrowth and prosperity than thoprocecd
of tho silo of tho land to tho highest
lilddor in open market. Tho pro-omp
tlon laws eonfer upon the pioneer who
complies witli the terms tlicy impose,
the prlvllego of purchasing ti limited
portia. of" unofTerc.i hmd" attno irmi
M '-"I!
1MUCB FlVlfl CENTS.
linuiif pried. The hottu'slemt enacliiteiilil
relievo tho settler from tho payment df
purchase nloticy, rind secure hltri a per
manent home, upon tile condition cif ros-
Ideuco Mr u term of years. This liberal
policy IitviteS emigration from the old,
itud tho moro crowded pArtloij of tlio
jsew worm, its propitious results aro
undoubted, and will bo moro signally
manifested when time shall havo given
to It tt wider development.
llAIIillOAI) CIKANTSi
Congress has mado liberal grants of.
public lands to corporations, in aid of tlio
construction of railroads and other In
ternal Improvements. Shoiild this pol
icy hereafter provullj moro stringent
provisions will bo required to secure a
faithful application of tlio fund. Tlio
(itlfe k' tlio lands should not pass, by pat
ent or otherwise, btttreiiiainlnthoGov-
"",
eminent and subject to its control
it ii 1 11
!homcport!onoUlcroaaim,)ucnat,iually
built. Portions of them might, then,
I from llnio to time, be conveyed to tlio
cognition, but never in greater ratio to
(lie wholo quantity embraced by tlio
gralit than the completed purls bear to
tho entire length of the ptojected im
provement. Tills restriction would not
operate to tho prejudice of any under
taking conceived in good faith and exc
fc ottled practlcctowltlidraw from market
., r, ,, m.i m, f
mi; minis imi iiifci iiiiin tiiu tjiiuiiiiiuii ui
,t , t, (o ,
.tltmof nBub.ciuoiitmlvCo right. A
, h of com,tlolw which C(?
,aydccnipropertoimpo,eshould worl?
aforretturoofcialmtotlielandssowlth-
t, ,mt unconv , nml of mlu (o
lh(J ,amH L ,C(1 'wWch runmlll uu.
j(j
Oi;cratlons on th0 sovcr.u nes of thc
pifle n-tHro-id have been i.rosccutcd
with unexmupI(,(1 vIgor nml mcai.
SIl0uW no linfilffioeiI t,ul,03 of (1,,av
ccar, it Is confidently anticipated tliat
this "reatthnrnu-hfaro will heeomnletd
buforc th(J oxpimtUm of thd poriod d(;s.
pruatcd by Congress,
',' .
' " JjJ,l5lOH
D'lirllig tlio last fiscal year tllC amount
pensioners, inclitdltig tlio ex
of disbursement, was $13, 150,000,
and 50,177 names wero added to the pen
I sion rolls. Tho entire number of pen-
1 J uno thlrtiotli, 1S0CI, -was l!W,72a.
! This fact furnishes melancholy and strik-
ing prool oi tlio sacrifices mane to vin
dicate tho constitutional authority of
tlio Federal Government, and to main
taininviolato the integrity of the Union.
They iniposo upon useorresjiondiiig ob
ligations. It Is estimated that thirty-
thrco million dollars will be required to
meet the exigencies of tills branch of tlio
.servico during tliq uoxt fiscal year.
T u u a t iv.a w r r i t' ' t 1 1 n ' l n o' 1 a ns .
Treaties havo boon concluded with
the, Indians, who, enticed Into armed
opposition to our Government at the
outbreak of tho Rebellion, havo uncon
ditionally submitted to our authority,
and manifested an earnest desire for a
renewal of friendly relations.
TUB l'ATUNT OPl'IOn.
During tho year ending September
thirtieth, l?G(i, eight thousand seven
hundred and sixteen patents for useful
inventions and designs wcro issued, and
it that date tho balanco in tho Treasury
to the credit of tlio patent fund was two
hundred and twenty-eight thousand
two hundred and nlne'ly-scven dollars.
THU MISSIHSiri'i IiUVlJl'f.
s a subject upon which dopends nn
immenso amount of production and
commorco of tho country, I recommend
to Congress such legislation as may bo
necessary for the preservation or tlio
levees of tho Mississippi River. It is a
matter of national imporlanco that early
steps should bo taken not only to add to
tho efficiency of the barriers against de
structive inundations, but for tho ro-
tuoval of all obstructions to the free nnd
safe navigation of that great channel
of trade and commerce
IHSTKHTrfPP CO T.l Mill A.
Tho District of Columbia under ex
isting laws, Is not entitled to that rep
resentation in the National Council;
which, from our earliest history, has
been uniformly accorded to each Terri
tory established from timoto tlmo with
in our limits. It maintains peculiar re
lations to Congress, to whom tho Con
stitution lias granted tlio power of exer
cising oxclti-lve legislation over tlio seat
of Government. Our fellow-citizens ro
uting iu tho District, whoso interests
aro thus confided to tho special guar
dianship of Congress, exceed in number
tho population of several of our 'terri
tories, and no Just reason la perceived
why a delegato to their choieo should
not bo admitted to a seat in tlio House
of Rep'resentatlves. 'So mode seems so
appropriate and effectual of enabling
them to mako known their peculiar
condition nnd wants, and of securing
tlio local legislation adapted to them.
I thei'efiite recommend tho passage of u
law authorizing the electors o'f the Dis
trict of Columbia 'to chooso a delegate,
to be allowed tho samo rights and priv
ileges as a delegato representing a Ter
ritory. Tho Increasing enterprise and
rapid progress and improvement in tho
District tire highly gratifying, nnd I
trust that tho efforts of tlio municipal
authorities to promote tho prosperity of
tlio National Metropolis will recctvo tho
cub-lent and generous co-operation' of
Congress.
AfilllCl'I.Tfltn.
Tho report of the Commissioner of
Agriculture reviews the operations of
his Penitvt'Vont during tho past year,
and asks tho aid of Cougivus in Its efforts
Joencotirago thoso States which, Kourg-
Wtnww of gWrcritoiiuj.
Ono firitiftfo, (mo or IliifO Insertion St 80
I'jitli iil-Miii-nl liwttlim 1tw lluiu IIiIi-Um-il JV)
One M-inuro onu inoiitlu... i..,a....t. ,2 CO
Two "
Tlirc'd "
Four "
Unit tiltmm "
.-.--a.l..-l(.l.l.l-- 3 10
l.t.W. ... ..at.-l-i!.i$ 00
!.li...........H......... 6 W
... isTb ,-..-..-..19 &(1
(no column , " ( ...... .- $Pr
HxfTuturV nhd Aljii1illiotjr Notl 8 (jO
Aiictltut'n Nolleiw . " 2 W
lilllorlal Notlcm twunty rents jr lino.
i i i H ;
Otlirr nU fttlkcuiciith 1'isertwl bccutuliislo H0'
rlidcoutrm-ti ,
ei b'y war; nrc.ilow enrjtcitiynbg&l!,
in tho reorganization Of domestic- hi
dtistlyi ouk rojtKtdN -ArTAlllS.
It is a subject o'f cofigrntulivtl'6'n that
no foreign combinations ngntnst our do
mestic ,peaco and safety, or otir legiti
mate liilliiWo Kipouff bu tuitions, havo
been formed or attempted' AVhUo sen
timents of reconciliation, loyalty, and'
pdtrlottsnl havo increased at jionio, n
iioro Just .consideration or our nat ional
ltftrfictbr itiiit riglit' hn been manifested '
by foreign nations.
V .- ...!
1 UK ATLANTIC Tr.I.r.finAl'U.
Tiio entire success of tho Atlantic 'Pel
l-graph between tile coasts of Ireland
and tho Province of Newfoundland Is
nu aclitcvomcnt which has been Justly
celebrated in botli hoihfppjtersfe kt tho
opening of uficrd in tlio progress of clv
lllzlitioni Thoro is reason tooxpectthtiti
equal Mtccrss.wlll ultend, and even great
er r'o-uilts follow, tlio enterprise for con
itectlng tlio two continents tifrougii tho
Pacific Ocean I'y tho projected lino of
telegraph between Isamschatkanud tho
Russian Possessions in America.
r.MioitATid.N1 or rouutoN convict?.
Tlio resolution of Cotfgrcss pratel!lj$
igainst pardons by foreign' dbvern-
ments.of persons convicted of Infamous
olfences, on condition Of emigration to
our country, lias been communicated to
tlio States witli which wo maintain In
tercourse, and tlio pritclicuj f'o justly tho
subject of complaint on our part; lias
nut been renewed.'
ItUSSIA.
Tho congratulations of Congress to
tho Emperor of Russia, upon his qscapo
fro'tii atlempledassnsslnatioii, lavo been
presented to that humane and enlight
ened rulers, and received by him with
expressions of grateful apxireelatlon.
iiMioitATioN or i'ui:r,i),Mt:N.
The Executive, warned of an attempt
by Spanish-American adventurers td in
duce tho emigration o'f frcqdmen o'f tlio
unuiii males iu n lu.reign country, jiru
lesfed against the project as ono which,
if consummated, would rcduco them to
a bondage eyen more oppressive than
that from which tliey have Just beenje
llcyed,. Assuranco has been received"
from tho government of the Stuto .hi
which tlio plan was matured, tldt tlio '
proceeding will meet neither Us encour
ngemenl nor approval. It is a qucstioit
vlortljy of ytfur consideration, whether
our laws upon fills subject aro adequate,
to the proventlonor punishnicnt of tho
crime thus meditated.
ritANcu in Mnxico-rfcii.iY IN tii'i?
DKi'AKTinsnorTiii: ntnxouTitooiw.
In tlio month o'f April last, as Con
gress is awaro, a, friendly arrangement
was made between tho Kmpcror of
'ranee and tho President of tho United
States for tho withdrawal from Mexico
of tlio French expeditionary forces.
This withdrawal was to bo effect
ed in three detaeb'uients, the. first, of
which, it was understo'dd, would leavo
Mexico in November, now past, tho
second In March next, rind tho third and
last in November, 1807. (Imm'cdialely
upon tho completion o'f tho evacuation,
tho French Government was to asstimo
the samo attitude of non-intervention,
in regard to Mexico, as is held by tho
Government of tlio United States.' Re
peated assurances h'rtvo been' given by
tho Kmpcror, since that agreenjent, that
ho would complete tho promised evacu
ation within tho poriod mentioned, or
sooner,
It was reasonably expected that tho
proceedings thus contemplated would
produce a crisis of great political interest
in the Republic of Mexico. Tho newly-
appointed minister of the United States,
Mr. Campbell, was Utcre'forc' sent for
wards tho ninth day of November last,
to a-sitiiio ids proper functions us Minis
ter Plenipotentiary or the United states
to that Republic. It was also thought
expedient t lint ho should be attended iu
tho vicinity of Mexico by the I.ieutciti
ant-General of the Army o'f tlio United
States, with tho view of obtaining such'
information as might bu important to
dotermino tho courso to bo pursued by.
the United States in reestablish ing and
maintaining necessary and proper in
tercourse with tho Republic o'f Mexico.
Deeply interested iu thoeiuisoofllherty'
and humanity, It seemed an obvious'
duty on our part to exerciso whatever
iuflueneo v, o possessed for tho restora
tion and permanent establishment in
that country of a domestic atid republi
can form of government, (
Such was the condition of affairs in ro- .
gard toMoxlco, when, nn thc twenty-sec-"
ond of November last, official informa
tion was received front Paris that tii3
Emperor of France had some time beforo
decided not to withdrawn detachment of
his force In tlio month of November past
according to engagement, but that thfs
decMon was imulo with the purposoof 1
withdrawing' tho whole of tb'oV'o forces'
iu the ensuing Spring. Of tills determli T
nation, however, the United States had
not rccclvi'd any notlco or intimation;
and, so soon as tho information was re
ceived by tho Government, euro wns '
taken to make known Us dissent id tho
Emperor of Franco.
I cannot forego tho hopo that Franco,
will reconsider tho subject, nifd adVpt
foni'o resolution in regard to the evacu
ation or .Mexico which will conform as
nearly ss practicable with tho existing
engagement, and thus meet tho just ex-'
pectathms of tlio United States. Tho
papers relating to tho subject will bo
laid beforo you. It Is believed that,
with tho evacuation of Mexico by the'
expeditionary forces, no subject for f-eri-
ous dill'orenco.-. between Franco nnd th
United istates would remain. The ex