RATES OF ADVERTISING.
All advertisements foT less than 3 months 10
cents per line fot each insertion, gpecia I notices
one-half additional. All resolutions of Associa
tions, communications of a limited or indlvidal
interest and notices of marriage* and deaths, ex
ceeding Evelines, 10 eta. per line. All legal noti
ces of every kind, and all Orphans' Court and
other Judicial sales, are required by lawto he pub
lished in both papers. Editorial Notions li oents
per line. AU Advertising due afterfirst insertion.
A liberal discount made to yearly advertisers.
3 moots. 4 mouths, 1 year
One square $ 4.50 $ 6.00 SIO.OO
Twe squares....... 8.00 9.00 18.(10
Three squares 8.00 IS.OO 20.00
One-fourth oolumn 14.00 20.00 35.00
Half column 18.00 25.00 45.00
One column 30.00 45.00 80.00
Nrwsfaper LAW*. —We would <*ll the speeiai
attention of Post Masters and subscribers to the
IxQcrREJt to the following synopsis of the News
paper laws :
1. A Postmaster is rei|Uired to give notice ly
•eller, ( returning a paper tloes not answer the lawi
when a subscriber does not take his paper out el
the office, and state the reasons tot its not bring
taken; and a neglect to do so makes the Pos'ma.i
ter rrptoneible to the publishers for the payment
2. Any person who takes a paper from the Posl
office, whether directed to his name or another ot
whether he has subscribed or not is responsible
for the pay.
3. ff a person orders his paper discontinued, he
must pay all arrearages, or the publisher mar
continue to send it until payment is made, and
olfect the whole amount. whether il be taken from
the office or not. There can be o„ legal disoontin
uence until the payment is made.
4. If the subscriber orders his paper to be
stopped at a certain time, and the publisher con
trnuesto send, the subscriber is bound to pay for
it, if he rates it out of the Poet Office. The law
proceeds upon the ground that a man must pay
for what he uses.
5. '! he courts have decided that refusing to take
newspapers and periodicals from the Post office,
or removing and having them uncalled for, is
prima facia evidence of intentional fraud.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
UT C . HO LAH AN ,
ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Bedford, Pa.
Jan. 28, '7O-tf
\L E X . KINO. Jr.,
.I TTOKXBY A T-LA IP,
BEDFORD, Pa.,
AH justness entrusted to his cere will receive
prompt and careful attention Office three doors
South of the Court House, lately occupied by J.
W. Dickcreon. nov2d
MMELL AND LINGENFELTER,
ATTORXETS AT LAW, Bedford, pa.
Hare formed a partnership in the practice of
the I.aw, in new brick building near the Lutheran
Church. [April I, 1869-tf
M. A. POINTS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, Bedford, Pa.
Respectfully tenders his professional services
to the public. Office in the Isqct KEBuilding,
(second door.)
JT-ff-Collections promptly made. [April,l'69-tf.
T.VSPY M. ALSIP,
111 ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA.,
Will faithfully and promptly attend to all busi
ness entrusted to his care in Bedford and adjoin
ng counties. Military claims, Pensions, back
pay, Bounty, Ac. speedily collected. Office with
Mann A Spang, on Juliana street, 2 doors south
ofthe Mengel Ilouse. apl 1, 1889.—tf.
T R. DURBORROW,
0 . ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Bedford, Pa.,
Will attend promptly to all business intrusted to
his care. Collections made on the shortest no
tice.
lie • i, also, a regularly licensed Claim Agent
and wil give special attention to the prosecution
. 'tit t against the Government for Pensions,
Hack I av, Bounty, Bounty Lands, Ac.
Office on Juliana street, one door South of the
Inquirer office, and nearly opposite the'Mengel
House" April 1, 1862:tf
S. t.. HISSELL. 1. H. LOX6ENECKER
F>ussell A LONGENKCKER,
V Attorneys A t'ocxSELLORS at Law,
Bedford, Pa.,
Will attend promptly and faithfully to all busi
ness entrusted to their care. Special attention
given to collections and the prosecution of claims
for Back Pay, Bounty, Pensions, Ac.
.ffiirtOffice on Jnliana street, south ofthe Court
House. Apri 1:69;1yr.
J' M'D. BHARPE K. F. KERR
SHARPS A kerr.
A TTORSE YS-A T-LA W.
Will practice in the Courts of Bedford and ad
joining counties. All business entrusted to their
care will receive careful and prompt attention.
Pensions, Bounty, Back Pay, Ac., speedily col
lected from the Government.
Office on Juliana street, opposite the banking
house of Reed A Schell. Bedford, Pa. Apr l;69:tf
PHYSICIANS.
B. F. HARRY",
Respectfully tenders his professional Bor
vices to the citixens of Bedford and ricinity.
Office an i residence on Pitt Street, in the building
formerly occupied by Dr. J. 11. Ho£us. [Ap'l 1,89.
MISCELLANEOUS,
JACOB BIIENNEMAN
tf WOODBERRY, PA.,
SCRIVENER, CONVEYANCER, LICENSED
CLAIM AGENT, and Kx-Officio JUSTICE
OF THE PEACE,
Will attend to ail business entrusted into bis hands
with promptness and despatch. Will remit mon
ey by draft to any part of the country. 17sely
DANIEL BORDER,
Pitt street, two doors west of tue Bed
ford HOTEL, Beifdrd, Pa.
WATCHMAKER AND DEALER IN JEWEL
RY. SPECTACLES. AC.
He keeps on hand a stock of fine Gold and Sil
ver Watches, Spectacles of Brilliant Dotrble Refin
el Glasses, also Scotch Pebble Glasses. Gold
Watch Chains, Breast I'ins, Finger Rings, best
quality of Gold Pens. He will supply to order
any thing in his line not on hand. [apr.2B,'Bs.
I) W. CROUSE;
' SB DEALER IN
CIGARS, TOBACCO, PIPES, AC
On Pitt street one door east of Geo. R. Ostcr
A Co.'* Store, Bedford, Pa., is now prepared
to sell by wholesale all kinds of CIGARS. All
orders promptly filled. Persons desiring anything
in his line will do well to give him a call.
Bedford .\pril 1. '*9..
P N. HICKOK .
Vw' v , DENTIST.
Office at the old stand in
Bank Bch.di.no, Juliana St., BEDFORD.
All operations pertaining to
Surgical and Mechanical Dtnlittrtj
performed with care and
WARRANTED.
Anceetketiee adminietered, trhen demired. Ar
tilieial teeth ineerted at, per eet, SX.OO and up.
1 ard.
As I am detei mined to do a CASH BUSINESS
or none. I have reduced the prices for Artificial
Teeth f the vari'ins kinds, 2u per cent., and of
Gold Hillings 33 per cent. This reduction will be
made only to strictly Cash Patients, and all such
will receive prompt attention. 7feb6S
VY M7 LLOYD
" • BANKER.
Transacts a General Banking Business, and makes
collections 011 all accessible points in
the United States.
GOVERNMENT SECURITIES. GOLD, SIL
VER, STERLING and CONTINENTAL
EXCH *NGE bought and sold.
U. S. REVENUE STAMPS of all descriptions
always on band.
AcecunLs of Merchants, Mechanics, Farmers and
all other solicited.
INTEREST ALLOWED ON TIME DEPOSITS.
Jan. 7, '7O.
P.i CHANGE HOTEL,
HUNTINGDON, PA.
This old establishment having been leased by
J. MORRISON, formerly proprietor of the Mor
rison House, has been entirely renovated and re
furnished and supplied with all the modern im
provements and conveniences necessary to a first
daaa Hotel.
1 he dining room has been removed to the first
: , ".r and is now spacious and airy, and tbeehsm
" " well ventilated, and tile proprietor
* ! -l tnde.Tor to make his guests perfectly at
home. Address, 1. MORRISON,
, . Exchange HOTEL,
Huntingdon, Pa.
Wbt ffteMotb Juqmrcr.
LUTZ & JORDAN) Editors and Proprietor*.
fwquim Column.
rpO ADVERTISERS:
THE BEDFORD INQUIRER.
PUBLISHED
EVERY FRIDAY MORNING,
BT
L U T Z & JORDAN,
OFFICE ON JULIANA STREET,
BEDFORD, PA.
THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM
IN
SOUTH- WESTERNPENNSTL VANIA.
CIRCULATION OVER 1500.
HOME AND FOREIGN ADVERTISE
MENTS INSERTED ON REA
SONABLE TERMS.
A FIRST CLASS NEWSPAPER.
TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION:
*2.00 PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE.
JOB PRINTING:
ALL KINDS OF JOB WORK DONE
WITH
NEATNESS AND DISPATCH,
AND IN THE
LATEST & MOST APPROVED STYLE,
SUCH AS
POSTERS OF ANY SIZE,
CIRCULARS,
BUSINESS CARDS
WEDDING AND VISITING CARDS,
BALL TICKETS,
PROGRAMMES,
CONCERT TICKETS,
ORDER BOOKS,
SEGAR LABELS.
RECEIPTS,
LEGAL BLANKS,
PHOTOGRAPHER'S CARDS,
BILL HEADS,
LETTER HEADS,
PAMPHLETS,
PAPER BOOKS,
ETC. ETC. ETC. ETC. ETC
Oar facilities for doing all kindi of Job Printing !
are equalled by very few establishments in the
country. Orders by mail promptly filled. AB I
letters should be addressed to
LUTZ A JORDAN.
.3 local anb General ftettagapct, Deboteh la polities, ©Duration, literature anh /Horals.
ITEMS.
TEN old women, widows all, are keeping
house together at Palmyra, New York.
A CITIZEN of New Haven, a Democrat,
recently refused to have his child vaccinated
with matter taken from the arm of a Repub
, lican child.
THE young women of Lewistown, Me.,
have formed a society, pledging themselves
not to kiss any man who uses tobacco, and
the young men have formed a society, pledg
ing themselves not to look at a young wo
man who wears false hair. As a conse
quence marriage licenses are not in active
: demand.
A CONVICT named Alvin Babbe, who os
' eaped from the Michigan State prison in
| 18G5, has since that tithe been serving a two
I years' sentence in the Ohio peniteniary, and
having been released from that institution
last week he was returned to the Michigan
State prison to serve out the balance of a
fifteen years' sentence for manslaughter.
A ROMAN correspondent notes the exploit
ot two English "misses," who, mounted on
the benches above the kneeling multitude,
surveyed with their opera glasses the Pope
as he pronounced the benediction in the
Council. The Pope, with a mild smile,
pointed them out to some of the Cardinals,
but no alarming consequence have overtaken
them.
THE castor bean plant, it is reported, ex
hibits extraordinary vigor in Los Angelos,
Cal. It is asserted that five pounds of seed
to the acre will yield an average of twelve
hundred or fifteen hundred pounds for r>
crop. A manufacturing company in San
Francisco offers to purchase all the beans
that can be supplied, and are preparing to
manufacture the castor oil of commerce on
a large scale.
SENATOR SCEVRZ is daily in receipt of
German newspapers, regardless of politics, j
protesting against the probable nomination
of Judge Strong to the Supreme Bench, and I
asking him to use his influence against it, on I
the ground that Judge Strong's orthodox
religious views, as publicly declared in favor
of incorporating a recognition of the Chris
tian religion by amendment in the constitu- i
tion of the United States.
A CONSCIENCE-STRICKEN THIEF. — A
poor young widow in Berlin, on returning to
her house after an hour's absence, recently,
found this note lying on her table: "Mad
ame, I came here with the intention ef rob
bing you; but the sight of this respectable
and peaceful little room, decorated with re
ligious pictures; and adorned with pious
souvenirs, and above all, your two little
children, which were quietly sleeping in their
little beds, and smiling in their dreams, have
touched my heart, and instead of depriving
you of the little money I found io your
drawer, I take the liberty of leaving here
SCO, hoping that you will accept of them as
a tribute of my respect and admiration."
SAN DOMINOO.— It is stated that long
before the project of annexing San Domin
go to the United States was seriously con
sidered, President Baez, with the view of
inviting immigrants, employed suitable per
sons to make a thoroughly scientific geologi
cal and mineralogical survey of the island,
and to prepare maps of the most valuable
locations for immigrants. This survey, with
a large corps in the field, it is reported,
has been prosecuted vigorously for more
than a year. From accounts given by the
head of the surveying party, it appears that
the Climate of San Domingo is well suited
for white labor, and that the soil yields eve
ry tropical production. The gold fields
which, under Spanish rule, yielded fifteen
millions of dollars per annum, it is asserted,
can now be more profitably worked, as there
have not been on the island any of the mod
ern appliances for saving gold by which nine
ty per cent, of the present yield in Austra
lia and California is insured.
CARRYING LOADED PISTOLS. —An im
portant bill has been introduced into the
Assembly of Pennsylvania. It prohibits the
carrying of pistols, whether loaded or unload
ed, unless a certificate from the mayor of a
city, or from a justice of the peace is ob
tained. The law further requires all per
sons obtaining such permits to register their
names, their busines-, and to specify the
motive in carrying such pistol, and that if
any injury shall result to a person by the use
of a pistol, the presumption of law and fact
shall he that the person using such pistol,
and eau-ing thereby bodily injury, malicious
ly intended to kill the person so injured,
unless he can prove to the satisfaction of
the jury that lie used said pistol in the nec
essary protection of his person.
[T is proposed, at Harrisbnrg, to add to
the number of the justices of the Supreme
Court. Kvery lawyer practicing in that
court is aware of the fact that the justices
arc either overworked or, if tbry content
themselves with performing an ordinary
amount of labor, the business before them
is bound to be delayed, if it does not ulti
mately suffer. M'hat is required is that the
ju-tices be increased, so that certain of them
may be detailed alternately to write opinions,
while others are holding court. As the case
cow is, after a consultation all the justices
must engage in writing opinions, which nec
essitates an adjournment in a district before
half the cases on a list are reached. It
must be borne in mind that the duties and
labors of the Supreme Court have increased
with the growth of all other business, so
that just in proportion as this has been the
result, we should add to the working force
of" that tribunal. There is no doubt what
ever that the public interest requires such
au increase at once.
A RICHMOND telegram says: A salute of
one hundred guns was 'fired in the park, in
honor of the admission of the State. About
S,(XX) persons were present, two-thirds of
whom were colored. National Sags were
raised on the custom house and capitol.
Gov. Walker spoke a lew minutes, congrat
ulating the jteople on the admission of Vir
ginia, and predicting a glorious future for
the State. A colored Conservative and a
number of colored Republicans made polit
ical speeebcs. the burden of the latter being
that if the State did not follow the spirit of
the reconstruction acts she would be put
back as a Territory. After tbe proceedings
in tbe park this morning relative to tbe ad
mission of the State, the colored people
organized a meeting and kept it up until
night, when they adjourned with cheers for
the admission of Virginia. The guns used
to-day were the same U3ed in saluting the
United States flag when the troops occupied
the city in 1860. The officer commanding
was a native of Richmond. The weather
here has been so warm for a week past that
the trees are leafing.
BEDFORD, PA FRIDAY, FEB. -1 IN7O.
ONE BY ONE.
One by one the sands are flowing
One by one the moments fall;
Some are coming, gome are going,
Do not strive to grasp them all.
One by one thy duties wait thee,
| Let thy whnle strength go to each :
| Let no future dreams elate thee,
Learn thou first what these can teach.
One by one, bright gifts from heaven,
Joys are sent thee here below ;
, Take them readily when given,
Ready, too, to let them go.
One by one thy griefs shall meet thee,
Do not fear an armed band :
One will fade as others reach thee.
Shadows passing through the land.
Do not look at life's long sorrow,
See bow small each moment's pain ;
i God will help thee for to-morrow,
Every day begins agaiu.
Every hour that fleets so slowly,
Has its task to do, or bear:
Luminous the crown, and holy.
If th u set each gem with care.
Do not linger with regretting,
Or for passing hours despond :
Nor, the daily toil forgetting,
Look too eagerly beyond,
Hours are golden links, God's token
Reaching Heaven, but one by one,
Take them lest the chain be broken,
Ere the pilgrimage be done.
WASTE NOT—HOW SHALL THINGS
ARE UTILIZED.
One of the blessings of modern society pre
sents itself in the form of economy, fru
! gality, utilization. Things which were for
merly thrown away as waste are now applied
to man's purposes, to an extent far beyond
our general supposition. Dr. Lyon Playfair
; al) d Mr. P. L. Sirumonds have frequently
j diawn attention to this subject, chiefly in
; illustration of the wonders of chemistry.
.Air. tiimmonds has recently collected a new
1 budget of instances, which he has brought
| under the notice of the Society of Arts.
Before touching on these, let us refresh
I the reader's memory by a summary of re
| suits already recorded. Beautiful perfumes
I are produced from substances not merely
I trival, but in some cases fetid and repulsive.
Fusel oil., putrid cheese, gas tar, and the
i drainage of the cow-houses, are thus trans
formed; the result is a triumph of chemis
try; but it is commercially shabby and un
; lair to call perfumes thus obtained by suob
delightful names as "oil of pears," "oil of
apples," "oil of pine-apples," "oil of
grapes," "oil of cognac," "oil ol bitter
almonds," "eau de millefleurs." Blue dyes
are made from scraps of tin, old woolen rags,
and the parings of horses' hoofs. Old iron
hoops are employed iu ink making; bones as
a source of phosphorus for tipping Congrcve
matches; the dregs of port wine for making
beidlitz powders; the washings of coal tar
for producing a flavoring condiment for
blancmange. Old woolen rags are the foun
dation of the prosperity of Dewsbury and
Batley, in orkshire; there musty, fusty,
dusty, fronzy fragments being ground up
ioto shoddy and mungo. Other relics of
old woolen garments are made to yield flock
for wall paper, padding for mattresses, and
Prussian blue for the color makers. Chemi
cals are employed to destroy the cotton fibers
in old worn-out balzarincs, Orleans, coburgs,
and other mixed fabrics for ladies' dresses,
and to liberate the woolen or worsted fibers
for a new career of usefulness. Woolen
rags, when even the shoddy maker will have
nothing to do with them, arc choice materi
als for the farmer as manure. That bones
are used for knife handles we know very
well: hut it appears they are also used for
bone-black by color and varni-h makers, for
size by dyers and cloth finishers, and for ma
nure by farmers. Horns and hoofs are a
very magazine of useful produets in the
hands of the scientific ehemi-t.
Whalebone cuttings yield Prussian blue:
dogs fat is (shamefully) made into sham cod
liver oil; wool scourers' waste and washings
reappear as beautiful stearioe candles, bul
locks' blood is used in refining sugar, in
making animal charcoal, and in Turkey-red
dyeing; ox gall or bile is used by wool scour
ers and by color maker.-; fishes' eyes are
used for buds in artificial flowers; bladders
and intestines are made into air-tight cov
erings and into mu.-ical strings; all the odds
and ends of leather and parchment dressing
are grist to the gluemaker; calves' and
sheep's feet yield an oil which is doctored
up most fragrantly by the perfumer; stink
ing fish is always welcome as manure to the
farmer; and a brown dye is extracted from
those small bedroom acquaintances whom
few of us like to talk about, and none like
to see or to feel. At least fifty thousand
tons of cotton waste, the residue and sweep
ings of the mills, are annually utilized by be
ing worked up into coarse sheeting, bedcov
ers, papier mache, and the commonest kinds
of priuting paper. Seaweed is used as a
material for paper, as a lining material for
ceiling and walls, and as a source whence
the chemist can obtain iodine. Various
kinds of seed, when the oil has been squeez
ed outol them, are useful cattle fatteners as
oil cake. Grape husks yield a beautiful
black lor choice kinds of ink; raisin stalks
constitute a capital clarifying agent for vine
garf bran or corn refuse is valuable iu tan
ning, calico printing, and tinplate making;
brewers and distillers' grains are fattening
food for eattle. Bread rasping- are in France
sometimes used as a substitute for coffee,
and as a tooth powder. Tan-pit refuse is
valuable for the gardoer's hot-house.
Damaged potatoes, and rice and grain arc
made to yield starch. Ground horse-chest
nuts are not unknown to the makers of cheap
macearoni and vermicelli. Cork cuttings
and scraps are eagerly sought for stuffing
and for buoyant purposea. Pea shells arc
used as a food for milch cows, and spirit may
be distilled from them. Sawdust is now ap
plied in a prodigious number ol ways, for
making paper, distilling oxalic acid, smok
ing fish, clearing jewelry, filling scent bags,
stuffing dolls, etc. Tobacco ashes are made
into tooth powder. The coal tar from gas,
works is made to yield sulphate of ammonia,
sal ammoniac, printers' ink, lamp-black, dis
infectants, naphtha, benzole, paraffiuc. and
the magnificent series of aniline colors for
dying and calico printing. The sediment in
wine ca-ks is made into cream of tartar.
Old kicked i ff horseshoe nails yield the best
of all iron for musket barrels. As for the
shops in which gold workers, jewelers, aud
gold beaters work, not only is the very dust
on the floor precious but a refiner will gladly
give a new waistcoat or apron for an old one,
for the sake of the auriferous particles
thereby obtained.
Mr. Simmonds' new batch comprises many
| instances of substances recently transferred
from the domain of waste to that of utility,
; and many suggestions for a similar trans
ference in other quarters.
hirst, for the animal kingdom. Horse
flesh is certainly not waste so long as dogs
and cats eagerly feed upon it; hut the French
say that we ought not to leave it to the dogs
and cats, by reason of the excellent qualities
it possesses for human food; bow-.iver, we
must leave this matter to the hippophagie
admirers of "ebevaline." Fish are applied
to uiany more useful purposes than was
customary a few years ago; shark fins are
j prized as food by the Chinese; shark liver
is boiled down by them for oil shark skin is
uricd and used for polishing wood and ivory;
dried shark heads are given by the Nor
wegians to cattle as food, smoked and dried
dogfish is eaten as food, as are aisc the eggs
while the skin and the liver are applied to
the same purposes as those of the shark.
Tie French procure useful medicinal oil
from the liver of the skate fi-h, which used
tc be thrown away, but which is now found
tc be nearly as efficacious as cod-liver oil. j
A French firm, Messrs. Souffrie, make large i
qaantitics of useful tallow or fat out of the
pickings and waste of slaughter houses, the
dtad cats and dogs found floating in the
Srine, and the used-up grease of railway
wnecl.s, when doctored by means of steam
an 1 hydraulic pressure, this fat becomes
a'ailahlo for stearine manufacturers. Leath
er scraps are made into "shoddy leather," '
b;' grinding and macerating them into a pulp
a T aliable for the inner soles of shoes and I
sach-like purposes. There is another leath- i
cry composition iuuch used iu America un
der the name of "pancake." Thin bits of !
leather, the odds and ends cut off by the tan
per and cuvrier from whole hides, are inter- j
laid with paste until they accumulate to an
inch in thickness, and then heavily squeezed
i between two iron rollers; the mass comes out
as an oblong pancake twelve inches by four,
and half an inch thick, looking very much
"like a cross between a sheet of gingerbread
and a cake of tobacco," it is used for inner
| soles, heels, and stiffeners. The albumenized
j paper used by photographers is subject to I
i much waste in its manufacture; this waste, j
instead of being consigned to the pulp vat,
is now converted into beautiful marbled
paper, by a peculiar application of aniline
colors to the albumen.
Next, as to the vegetable kingdom. We
are told that the using Bp of what was form-1
erly considered waste, jn the textile manu
factures, now reaches the ernormous quan
tity of a hundred thousand tuns annually in
the three forms of cotton; flax, and hemp
waste. If we include animal fibers, such as
shoddy wool and silk waste, the aggregates
becomes largely increased. The French
make firewood or fire lighters of the cones
of pine trees and the waste cobs of maize>
saturated with any cheap resinous substan
ces. Messrs. Souffrie (already named) buy
all the waste and pickings of vegetables I
from the twenty-five hospitals of Paris, I
cook them by steam, and feed a piggery of
seven hundred head of swine—the vegetables
being enriched with the greasy slops from
the same hospitals. The same firm also pro
duce beautiful white fat from the black
residue left after purifying colza or rape oil;
and another residue Irom the treatment of
this residue gives them a useful varnish for
cheap out door purposes. The oil retained
in olive oilcake is now extracted by chemical
means, and converted into capital stearine;
and bv this improvement it is expected that
seven million pounds of olive oil, now an
nually wasted at Marseilles, will be utilized.
Old aecount-books, letters, invoices, en
velopes, cheeks, insurance policies, and
other kinds of writing paper (not printing.)
are now bought at about £l2 per tun, and
worked up with other materials into pulp
for the penny newspapers: Besides linen
and cotton rags, cotton waste, old writing
paper, straw, and esparto or Spanish grass,
wood is also now much used for making into
paper. Large factories for this purpose
have been established in Italy, Wurtemberg,
the United States, and other countries, the
wood is rubbed down into du-t by friction
against rapidly revolving roughened wheels,
and then treated by chemical processes until
it forms a pulp suitable for paper-making.
There is one wood-pulp paper mill in
Pennsylvania that can work up thirty thou
sand pounds of sawdust per day. Nearly
all the German newspapers now have a per
centageof wood in the paper 011 which they
are printed. The New York Tribune issaid
to be printed on paper made of bamboo; and
other American journals are printed on
paper made chiefly of a kind of wild cane
that is found in vast abundance on the
shores of the Mississippi. A German
chemist has found a mode of distilling spirit
out of a residue left after chemically treating
wood pulp fur paper. A French manutae
turer converts sawdust, by intense pressure,
into beautiful little boxc3, and other orna
mental articles. The seed in the cotton
pods our tufts, which used to be an annoy
ance to the cultivators, is now most useful y
employed as a gas fuel; as as urce of o l
for lamps, as a chief substitute for olive oil,
as oil cake for cattle food, and u source of
good hard grease or stearine lor soap and
candles. The refuse mola.-ses from beet root
sugar, formerly used only as pig food, is
now distilled to obtain alcohol, and the
residue erystaiized to obtain potassium salts.
Spent dye woods, after the coloring matter
has been extracted from them, are sold in
France to a large manufacturer, who mixes
them with tar refuse, and forms them into
compressed cakes l'or fuel, which has a very
large sale. The aoicular leaflets of the pice
tree are converted ioto what is called tree
wool, in France, Sweden, Holland, and
other parts of the continent; this wool is
used for wadding, stuffing for mattresses,
and other articles of furniture; a eloth made
from its fibers is used lor iuntr vesta, draw
ers, hose, shirts, coverlets, and chest pre
servers; the membranous fragments and re
fuse arc compressed into blocks for fuel; the
resinous matter contained in them is dis
tilled for gas; while by various modes of
treatment there are produced an essential
oil for rheumatism and skin diseases, an
etheria! oil useful as a curative agent and as
a solvent, and a liquid for a medicated bath
—all useful substances from materials
which not long ago were utterly disregarded.
And now for the mineral kingdom. Mr.
Mill, and other thoughtful men, are cau
j tioning us that, as our stock of coal cannot
last forever, we should do well to utilize the
thirty million tons of small coal and dust
j which is allowed to go nearly to waste an
nually al the pit's mouth; and attention is
drawn to what Belgium is doing in this mat
ter. Near Uharleroi, eight hundred thou
.sand tons of coal dust had accumulated, a
burden to the colliery owners, and an injury
to the health of the work people. Where
upon a company was formed expressly to
utilize this refuse. The coal dust is sifted,
mixed with eight percent of coal tar, heated
to a paste by steam at a temperature of
three hundred degrees, and pressed into
blocks and cylinders about twenty pounds
weight. These blocks form excellent fuel
for locomotives and steamboats, productive
of great heat and very little a>h. In various
foreign countries where paviog stone is
scarce, the slag from iron furnaces is brought
into use, by being run into pits eight or
nine feet in diameter, and cooled in slabs
for paving. The cuttings of tin plate, and
worn out tin kettles and saucepans, are sub
jected to processes which yield pure tin,
good weldable iron, ammonia, Prnsian blue,
and stanDatc of sodium; and as the make of
tin plate in England and Wales amounts to
more than half a millions tons annually,
there must be a very large store of material
available in the old tin plate which is re
placed by the new. The waste flax, such as
borax, used iu galvanizing metals, finds a
ready market among refiners and for mak
ing paint.— From Chambers' Jottrnal.
THE DAfUEN SHIP CANAL
The Surveying Expedition.
"lbe New York Btrald has the following: '■
THE EXPEDITION
will bo under the exclusive control of Lieu
t nam Commander Thomas O. Selfridge,
of the Lnited States Navy. The total num
ber of men who will take part in the affair
will number about 287, and the gunboat
Nipsic will be the flagship of the expedition
and the Guard the storeship. The former
is now lying off the Battery and the latter
is at the Navy \ard completing her prepa
rations for her eventful mission. The ex
pedition would have set sail several weeks
ago hut for the fact that the Guard was de
tained longer than was expected and could
not be got in readiness as soon as the naval
authorities had desired.
THE SCIENTIFIC COMPLEMENT.
Bcsines the officers of the two ships, who
have all been selected for the expedition on
account of their particular fitness for the
duties which they will be called upon to
perform during its progress, a geologist, a
botanist, a telegraph operator, a photo
grapher and draughtsman, all civilians, have
been especially employed for the occasion.
J. A. Sullivan, M. 0. Leman and Messrs.
Ogden, Merridcn and Karchcr, officers of
the Coast Survey, will also accompany the
expidition and act asassistants to Comman
der Selfridge. The telegraph operator has
been furnished with about eighty miles of
wire, seventy five miles of which are of the
ordinary office wire and the remainder of
the same kind of insulated wire used in the
army during the late war.
He has also forty cups of Gross' battery,
the strength of which he considers quite
sufficient to knock all the monkeys who may
presume to occupy the wires for gymnastic
purposes, into the lands where the spirits of
all dead monkeys go. A full set of the reg
ular army signals has also been furnished
the ships, and these will be made use of
whenever they can be of good service. The
flags will be used in day time and the lant
erns (the lights) at night. Every scientific
instrument necessary for the proper carry
ing out of the plans of the explorers has
been secured and safely packed away.
PRESENTS FOR THE INDIANS.
A large quantities of beads, trinkets and
various cheap articles, held in high esteem
by the Indians, form part of the "treaty"
cargo of the ships, and these it is the inten
lion of the commanding officer to scatter
among the savages with a lavish hand, in
order to secure their friendship, and thus
enable the expedition to make use of them
in various ways in which their services will
be of great importance to the success of the
undertaking.
THE OBJECT OF THE EXPEDITION.
The primary object of the expedition is
to make a thorough survey of the isthmus
and to discover, if there be any, the breaks
in the mountain through which a cana'
might be cut. The Nipsic will call at As
pinwall on her way to the general rendez
vous to make certain arrangements with the
Columbia authorities in reference to the ex
pedition, and the Guard will go directly to
Caledonia Bay, which is abont 250 miles
beyond Aspinwall, where the Nipsie will
join her. In this bay the two vessels will
remain as a base of supplies while the ex
ploring parties dive into the wilds of the .
isthmus. After all the preliminary prepa- |
rations in the bay will have been completed |
two parties will start out from Sasardi and j
another from the southern portion of Cale- j
donia Bay to discover, if possible, the do-1
pressions in the mountains and to reach a
pass which Dr. Cullen contends exists in
the mountains and which has not as yet been
discovered. Two lines of level will he es
tablished from these points to wherever de
pression may be found, thence to tLa Savan
na river at the mouth of the Lara. In the
meantime whatever natives can be induced
to work: will be organized into regular gangs
as laborers, and tbey will accompany the ;
exploring parties and be made serviceable !
in clearing away the undergrowth and ren ;
dering the passage of the explorers as easy
as possible. Aid is also expected from the j
alcaldes, and the Columbian Goverament !
will do its best to help the expedition in va- i
rious ways. On the 21st inst., two gentle
men will proceed to Aspinwall to ascertain j
the correct astronomical position of Aspin- [
wall and Panama, and the result of their in
vestigation will of course determine the base j
of operations of the expedition. After the
explorers shall have made a thorough sur
vey and reconnoissanee of the country, the
vessels will proceed to the Gulf of San Bias,
and thcncc exploring parties will set out to
establish a line of levels and ascertain if that
portion of the country is better adapted to
the passage of a canal than that between
i Caledonia Bay and the Bay of Darien. The
expedition will be occupied for about six
months, and Commander Selfridge, without
wishing to say for certain that the ultimate
j object—the discovery of the depression in
the mountains —will be attained, expresses
! himself confidant that aline of levels will be
I established on the Isthmus, a thing which
VOL.. 43: NO 5
j no expedition has ever yet been able to ac
] complish.
A ROUGH ROAD TO TRAVEL.
. Each exploring party will have a special
j telegraph wire of his own, connecting with
I the ships, which it will erect as it goes from
j place to place, day after day. The explor
i ers will then be ia constant communication
| with the commander, and there will coosc
| quently be no danger of any one of the par
j ties falling victims to starvation in the wil
| derness, as did many of Strain's expedition.
The region to be traversed is very mountain
; ous, and ihe ground is a complete net work
j of undergrowth, so thick and strong that it
would be impossible to make any progress
through it without the aid of the axe. The
Indians, who may at certain points prove
troublesome, arc said to be of a warlike na
ture, and although under the nominal con
trol of the Columbian government, have
never been conquered by the white man.
The expedition will, as has already been
mentioned, endeavor to conciliate these sav
ages by presents, but at the same time each
| party will go well protected and thoroughly
armed, so as to be prepared for anv treach
ery on the part of the dusky inhabitants
along their route. The distance from the
point where the expedition will start—Cale
donia Bay— to the Savanna river is forty
miles, and after they shall have made their
way to this stream the men will follow iu
course to the bay of Darien, where the
United States steamer Nyaek, which will
leave the Pacific squadron in proper time,
will he in readiness for them. It may be
mentioned that, besides the Savannah, the
river Chauquanaque flows through the re
gion through which the explorers will pass,
and it is believed that it has water enough j
to keep a canal well supplied.
IS A CANAL ACROSS THE ISTHMUS POSSIBLE? '
The officers of the expidition have not j
the slightest doubt but that they will be !
able to establish a line of levels and reach j
the Savannah river in safety, though Dot'
without a great deal of suffering and hard
ships. The Chagres fever, it is said, plays
havoc with "strangers" at all times of the •
year on the Isthmus, and this alone will be
as formidable an enemy to fight as the sav j
ages—should the latter see fit to be belliger-1
ent.
Commander Selfridge does not believe j
that depressions in the mountains will be
discovered of Sufficient extent to suit the
wants of a well constructed canal, but he be
lieves, nevertheless, that the canal is a feasi
bility, and that tunnels of five or six miles
in length could be cut through the moun
tains if suitable depressions are net discov
ered.
THE PAKAGUAUS WAR.
Do those who are accustomed to speak
slightingly of the Paraguayan war ever re
fleet upon the misery beyond telling, which
has fallen upon that people, not upon one
nor many, but upon all? There were nine
hundred thousand people there five years
ago; two thirds of these have fallen by
famine, disease and battle; and, should the
war continue, the whole race will perish.
Five years ago they were prosperous and
progressive, building railroads and telegraphs
and ships, and improving and rebuilding
their cities and towns. Mow their chief
cities have been laid waste, their capital
sacked, and their is not to-day a home in
Paraguay which has not been made desolate.
To whom is this chargeable? The allies say
to the aggressors of Lopez; the Paraguayans
to the ambition of Brazil. Lopez claims
that he was compelled to fight in self-pre
servation. The allies declare in all their
public documents that the war was for the
vindication of their outraged honor. But
they have occupied the capital of Paraguay
and one-half her territory; they have des
troyed two-thirds of her population; they
have taken possession of the chief rivers,
and they have brought upon the country a
misery and desolation that surpass descrip
tion. Why, therefore, does the war not
cease? Clearly because the claim that it is
only for the vindication of national honor,
and to obtain indemnity for the past aDd
security for the future, is like the treaty of
the triple alliance, of which it is the pream
ble—a fraud and a delusion. No better
proof that Paraguay fights for her very ex
istenee is needed than this one fact—that
the war still continues. In the face of this
the fair promises of the triple treaty, and the
honeyed words of the allied writers about
civilization and progress and liberty, and the
other specious phrases which arc commonly
used to defend all false causes, cannot be re
ceived by honest men nor accepted by up
right governments as explaining either the
origin or the objects of the war. The war
is for conquest and absorption by Brazi';
and to permit such conquest and absorption
is contrary to the received and traditional
principles of American policy. We have
assumed the role of protector of the Ameri
can republics. We played it with success
and honor in regard to Mexico. We en
courage by popular sympathy the struggle
which Cuba carries on to gain her indepen
dence. Yet both the Government and the
people survey with indifference the magni
ficent fight which Paraguy has maintained
for five long years to preserve the indepen
dence which she gallantly conquered half a
century ago; and this independence, won
fi>'Oi Spain, is threatened by a monarchy
far less enlightened, whose dominion will be
fatal to the development of Paraguay, and
to the progress initiated there eight years
ago by this very ruler, whom it is the fash
ion among certain interested parties of more
or less standing to denounce as a barbarian
and a '"monster unfit to live."— M. T. Mc-
Mahan, in Harper g Magazine for February
11. BECHEIt SWOOFE, ESQ.
President Grant, on Monday last, sent in
to the Senate the name of H. Bucher
Swoope, Esq., of this place, for United
States District Attorney for the Western
District of Pennsylvania.
This appointment is well deserved. Mr.
Swoope is not only a first-class lawyer, pos
sesiog the ability to discharge the duties of
the office so as to promote the best interests
of the Government, but he has been a zeal 1
ous, earnest, and most eloquent advocate of
Republican principles. For many years
J past, especially, during the dark years of
the ( war. he canvassed the State in behalf
'of ; .he Republican party, and his eloquent
■ appeals, cogent arguments and untiring cf
; forts, contributed largely to the success of
j our candidates.
3lr. Swoope was born in Huntingdon,
Pa., in 1831, and is now thirty-eight year®
of age. He received a thorough classical edu
cation, studied law with Hon. John Scott,
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All letters pertaining to business of the office
should be addressed to
LUTZ 4 JORDAN, BeDrosß. PA.
DOW U. 8. Senator, and was called to the
bar in 1852. In 1853 he settled in Clearfield,
and is now in the enjoyment of a very large
and lucrative practice.
As a popular speaker, he has few equals,
and, perhaps, no superior in the State.
His manner is graceful, his voice is power
ful, yet susceptible of every degree of modu
lation, his style ornate, but clear and logical,
and the impression he makes on his audi
i eoce always pleasing anil convincing. In
; criminal cases, before a jury, he is one of
I the most effective speakers we Lave ever
| heard.
| He has bad large experience at the bar,
having been engaged in very many grave
and important cases. Our own people will
■ not soon forget bis conduct of the case of
! the Commonwealth vs. Lena Miller, who
I was indicted for poisoning her husband,
! where he was assigned by the Court to as
| siat the District Attorney, and procured
the first verdict ever rendered in America
where chemical investigation failed to find
arsenic in the" stomach. The experienced
scientific experts brought here paid him the
; high compliment of saying that it was the
best tried case in which they had ever been
called to testify. His recent defense of
Morrison, where he almost wrested from
the jury a verdict of murder in the sec
ond degree, when everybody supposed his
client could not escape the gallows, aod his
prosecution of Ball for the murder of Job
Sneatb, wbo was convicted of murder in the
first degree by the force of his concluding
argument, with many other eases we might
cite, all attest his superior ability as a crim
inal lawyer.
In the civil courts he has been no less
successful. It is not long siooe he conduc
ted a case in the United States Court, before
Judge M'Candless, against some of the
oldest and ablest land lawyers in the State,
the trial of which lasted twenty seven days,
and during which all the points he made to
the Court were affirmed, and the verdict
was in favor of his client. The land in dis
pute is worth a quarter of a million of dol
lars. His argument in the contested elec
tion caso of Robeson vs. Shugart, made iu
the hall of the State Senate, his annual ap
pearance before the Supreme Court, where
be has been uniformly successful, all bear
witness to his ability and experience as a
civil lawyer. We have every confidenco
that his duty to the Government will be
be earnestly and faithfully discharged, and
that President Grant, the Senate and the
people of the district will have no cause to
regret his appointment.— Raftsman's Jour
nal.
Ol'R GRANDMOTHERS.
BY QAIL HAMILTON.
It is simply impossible—listen now, I pray,
all knights of bigh and low degree, march
ing along thousand score strong, great
hearted gentlemen singing this soDg of wo
man's sphereicity—it is simply impossible
for any woman to do the whole work of her
household and make her life what a woman's
life ought to be. This is a rule that admits
of no exception. The machinery of the
family is so complicated and so exacting that
one woman cannot have the sole charge of
it without neglecting other and equally im
portant matters.
The duties which a woman owes to socie
ty, and to the moral and spiritual part of
her household, are just as imperative as
those which she owes to its physical com
fort. And if she alone ministers to the lat
ter the former must be neglected, and the
latter will hardly be thoroughly aceomp'ish
ed. I know all about our noble grandmoth
er?. 1 have heard of them before. I think
we could run a race with them any day.
But if we cannot, whose fault is it? If tLe
women of to-day are puny, fragile, degener
ate, are tbey not the grandchildren of their
grandmothers—bearing such constitutions
as their grandmothers could transmit?
It was the duty of those venerable ladies
not only to be strong themselves, but to see
to it that their children were strong. A
sturdy race should leave a sturdy race. It
was far more their duty to give to their
children vigorous minds, stalwart bodies,
healthy nerves, firm principles, than it was
to spin and weave and make butter and
cheese all day. We should have got along
jost as well with less linen laid up in laven
der; and if cur grandmothers could only have
waited wc would have woven them more
cloth in a day than their hand-looms would
turn out in a life-time. But there is no
royal road to a healthy mauhood and wo
manhood. Nothing less costly than human
life goes into the construction of human life.
We should have more reason to be grate
ful to our ancestors if they would have given
up their superfluous industries, called off
their energy from its perishable objects, and
let more of their soul and strength flow lei
surely in to build up the soul and strength
of the generations that were to follow after
them. Nobody is to blame for being born
weak. If this generation of women is fee
ble compared with its haidy and laborious
grandmothers it is simply because the grand
mothers put so much of their vitality, their
physical nerve and moral fibre, into their
work that they had but an insufficient quan
tity left wherewithal to endow their children;
and so they wrought us evil.
One would not willingly quarrel with his
grandmothers. All agree in awarding them
praise for heroic qualities. They fought a
good fight—perhaps the best they could un
der the circumstances with their light. We
would gladly overlook all in their lives that
was defective, and fasten our eyes only on
that which was noble. But when their fault
is distinctly poiuteioutas their virtue, when
their necessity is exalted into our ensample,
when their narrowness is held up to our am
bition, we must say that it was fault and
need and narrowness, grandmother or no
grandmother.
Indeed those excellent gentlewomen, no
doubt, long before this have seen the error
of their ways, and, if tbey oould find voice,
would be the first to avow that they did set
too greatstore by chests of sheets, and bu
reaus, of blankets, and pillow cases of stock
ings, and stacks of provisions and that if it
were given them to live life over again, they
would Jendeavor rather to lay up treasure in
the bodies and brains and hearts of their
children, where moth and mildew do not
corrupt, which time does not dissipate nor
use destroy, and whereof we stand in sorer
! need than of purple or scarlet or fine-twined
j linen. — Harper * Bazar.
J A BEEOBJIED prisoner, on being discharg
ed from the jail at Keokuk, lowa, took along
I with hiui the jailor's revolver.