lit* gnijuim
18 PUBLISHED
KVKKY Fllll)\Y MORNING
. V
1, K. 11l RBORi'UR \M JOHN 1.l J Z,
\
II El ANA St., opposite the .lleiigcl House
HEDFOR I>, PENN'A
TKK.nN:
F g.oo H year if paid strictly in advance.
It not paid within six months 82.5(1.
If not paid within ibeyer#ii.OO.
& gusiiwsjs Cards
ATTORXKYS AT LAW.
* K. J. W. lIICKF.FSOS
M..YKRS & DICKKRSON,
ATTORNEYS AT I.AW,
BEDPORU, PMM'A.,
Office same a- formerly occupied by lion. W. P.
Srhell, two doors ca?t. of the (Imtttr office, will
practice in the several Courts of Bedford county.
Pensions, bounties and back pay obtained and the
purchase of Real Kstate attended to.
May 11, '— !yr.
| OH N T- KEAGY.
SJ ATTORNEY AT LAW.
BKKFOHH, PE.N.N'A.,
OD'-rs to give satisfaction to all who may en
trust their Icgnl business to hint. V\ ill collect
tooncv- on evidences of dclu, and speedily pro
cure bounties and pensions to soldiers, their wid
ow s,.r heirs. Office two doors west of Telegraph
iffice. aprll:'6fidy.
I 15. t'KSSNA,
.J . ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Office with JOHN C'KSSXA, on .lulianna street, in
the offie formerly occupied by King A Jordan,
and recently by Filler A Keagy. All business
entrusted to bis care will receive faitbtul and
l-muipt attention. Military Claims. Pensions, Ac.,
-pecdilv collected.
B' dford. June H, 1565.
J- M O. K - F KKRH
SIIAUPE A KERB.
A TTOItXE YS-A T-LA IP.
Vt ill i ractice in the Court- of Bedford and ad
joining counties. All business entrusted to their
care will receive careful and prompt attention.
p, i>, ions. Bounty, Back Pay, Ac., speedily col
Ice ted from the Government.
Office n Juliana street, opposite the banking
h u-r ot Reed .1 Scbell, Bedford, Pa. inar2:tf
JOHN PALMER.
,F ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Will promptly attend to all business entrusted to
his care.
Particular attention paid to the collection
ed Militarv claims. Office on Julianna St., nearly
opposite the Mengel House.) june 23, ■fia.ly
J. K. 11l SOWS lI'TZ.
nl r RBORROW A LI T/..
ATTORNEYS AT L \W.
HBBKORI*. I'A.J
W ill attend promptly to all business intrusted to
their care. Collections made on the shortest uo-
They are, alo, regularly Hecnseti Claim Agents
and will give special attention to the prosecution
of claims against the. Government for Pensions,
Back Pay, Bounty, Bounty l ands, Ac.
Office on Juliana street, one .- ■nth of the
•McneclHouse" and nearly opposite the
office. ril 28 ' isr,s:t
LTtSPY >l. ALSIP,
I J ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEtiroßK, PA.,
Will faithfully promptly attend t-> all bu.-i
-nc - entrusted to his . are .n Bedford and adjoin -
iug counties. Military claims, Pensions, bat-1.
t.av. B untv, Ac. speed-.ly collected, "fficc with
Mann 1 Spang, on Juliana street. 2 <b>ors south
ofthc Mengel House. :l ld I, lttK. tf.
M. A. POINTS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW. r.KDKoKO, 1 A.
Respectfully temlers bis professional services
to t!:e public. Office with J. W. Lingcnfcltcr,
K-ti ">n Juliana street, two doors South of the
"Mengle Jb.u-e." ■
I <>HN MOWER,
,J ATTORNEY AT LAM.
LIRHFORII, F'A.
April 1, ISM. —tf.
KLMMELE AND EI -'.IM ELTKR,
ATTORNEY- ATI 1.5 V. BKi.ro:;., n.
Have formed a partnc* -hip in th. pra-tice of
the Law Office on Juliana Sire.-:. t -.d .r- .-outh
of the Mongel House,
aprl, ISfit— tf.
DENTISTS.
I vlt. li. VIRGIL PORTER.
I / (late of New York City,
DENTIST,
Would respectfully inform his nuim-roti friends
and the public generally that lie has !... atcd |-r
mancntly in BLOODY 111 N. Dt;. POIITEI: is
constantly avaiiinir himself of everv late discovery
that modern science proves j.iactically usefu',
and, together with his many years constant prac
ticeand profound study, feels confident in asserting
that he has acquired the most sure, safe, and sat
isfactory method "J inserting his BEAI Tll'l I.
ARTIFICIAL TEETH on new and improved at
moaphcrie principles, that has vet been disc-y
ercd.
Tcetli filled in a superior manner without pain
and all operations warranted.
extracted positively without pain
feh:ls, tf.
, N HI. I. f>. MINBICII, 11.
| xl'.NTlS'l'S, P.nni oi:n. PA.
I ) DJfiue in thr llank Iltiitili"!/, Juliana .Street.
All ..iterations pertaining to Surgical or Mo
tiavical Dentistry carefully and faithfully per
•ru 1 and warranted. TERMS CASH.
T ... th Powders and Monti: V a.-li. ex. . : * lit ar
ti. i .-. always on hand.
j.in6'fia-ly.
1 \ KNTISTRY.
I / I. N. BOWSER, Ri sit.KNT DK.STIST, WOOII
n.-Hitv, l'a., visit, l: ..ody Run three .la. s of ea*-h
month, commencing yyiththc sc. on. l Ine-dav .>f
ihc month. Prepared to perform all In ntal ..per
aliens with which he may be favored.
within th. /•...</. •■/' "II "ml rtri'll./ rail <..'' v
njn. int eantiitii. Work to he sent by mail orotb
wi-c, must be {.aid for when imj.re .-ions arc tak. n.
augo, *64:tf.
I'llllSK lA\S.
I Alt GEORGE C. DOI'GLAS
I.J Respecttully tenders hi- profession-. 1 services
to the people of Bedford and vicinity.
£•<?' Residence at Maj. M ashabangh -
T.-ir Office two do.-rs w.-.-t ■ I Bedford Il"lcl.
stairs. au!7:tt
\\T M. W. JAMISON, M. D.,
BLOOHV RUN, PA.,
Respectfully tenders his professional scryi. es to
the people of that place and vicinity. [dce-:lyr
I vK. B. F. HARRY,
I / Respectfully tenders his professional -er
y ices to the citizens of Bedford and vicinity.
Office and residence on Pitt Street, in the building
formerly occupied by I)r. J. 11. Ilofi'ts.
April I. 15K54— tf.'
I 1.. MAUP.oI'RO, M. I
aJ . Having permanently located respectfully
'enders his pofes.-ional service to the citiz. n
! Bedford and vicinity. Office on Juliana -trcct,
pp itethe Rank, one d"or north ot Hall A Pal
uie.-'s office. April 1, 1864— tf.
JI:WI:LI:I{. Ac.
4 158ALOM GARLICK,
-\ CLOCK AND WATCH MAKER,
81.001.V Krx, i'v.
' ■'"-■h-. YVatches, Jewelry, A--., promptly re
pair. AII work entrusted C. bis care, warranted •
to gi-.e satisfaction.
He ■• - keeps band and for ,-aI. II ,| It'll
f >. ' /. '/' A.//; li /;/. i; )
Ctir Office with Dr. J. A. Mann. nn I
I x VXIEI. BOKDEK,
I J PITT STJTKHT, TWO I- , ,RS yy KST or THK BnI
TOBI. HOTKL, lir.tyoKV. I'A.
WATCHMAKER AND DEALER IN JEW I I
KY. SPECTACLES. AC.
He keeps on hand a stock of fine Gold and .-.1
vcr Watches, Spectacles of Brilliant Doul.lc li. lin
ed (jiasscs. also Scotch Pebble Glass. .. Gold
Wat- h Chains, Breast Pins, Finger Rings, best
quality of Gold Pen?. He will supply (•• order
my thing in his line not on band.
•pr.2S, 1865— zz.
DI'KBOBKOW A LI'TZ Editors and Proprietors.
I to S
"If WE KNEW."
If we knew the woe and heart-ache,
Waiting for us down the road:
If our lips could taste the worm-wood,
If our backs could feel the load ;
Would we waste to day iu wishing
For a time that ne'er can be :
Would we wait in such impatience
For our ships to come from sea'!
If we knew the baby-fingers
Pressed against the window-pane,
Would be cold and stiff to-morrow —
Never trouble us again :
Would the bright eyes of our darling
Catch the frown upon our brow ?
Would the print of rosy fingers
Vex ns then as they do now •'
Ah, these little ice-cold fingers,
How they point our memories back.
To the hasty words and actions
Strewn along our backward track!
How thes? little hands remind us.
As in snowy grace they lie,
Not to sea'tc r thorns—but roses—
For our reaping by-and-by !
Strange we never prize the music
J ill the sweet-voiced bird has flown :
Strange that we should slight the violets
Till the lovely flowers are gone :
Strange that summer skies and sunshine
Never seem one-half so fair
As when Winter's snowy pinions
Shake their white down in the air !
Lips from which the seal of silence
None but (iod can roll away.
Never blossomed in such beauty
As adorns the mouth to-day :
And sweet words that freightour nieiuo-y
With their beautiful perfume,
Come to us in sweeter accents
Through the portals of the tomb.
Let us gather up the sunbeams,
Lying all along our path :
Let us keep the wheat and ro#<-#.
Casting out the thorns and chad :
Let us find our sweetest comfort
In the blessings of to day :
\\ ith a patient hand removing
All the brier- from our way.
THE Gl Altl) AT FORTIIENS )l(l\-
ROE.
In the silence of the midnight when the lamp
was burning low.
Dn my brain there dawned a vision ot the cell
| at Fort .Monroe :
Around it- massy doubly 1 • -k'd and
triply barr'd.
Swept a train of pallid phantoms, in the dark
ness keeping guard !
And I cried aloud in horror. "U, thou dim
and dreadful train,
By what strange unrest art -uiiimoii. d unto
l-.arlh and Lite again".
I h.-n a solemn voice gave answer, ''From our
graves 'neath sod and lid.-.
\\ ft have come to watch hi -• inibei.-. through
v.h.'Si' wicked tie-- We di'd.
'•From the far off field- we reddened with our
blood 'in fearful rain.
From ilie hiding waves of oeean. now we rise
in might again :
From the graves, a welcome refuge, from the
loathsome prison pen.
Come the dread avenging spectres that were
starved and tortured men.
: "We died starved— hist fare is dainty—soft and
snowy is his bed:
i Countless nameless graves bear witness we
were low and roughly laid.
But the sleep to which death lulled us by no
treason dream was marr'd,
And the angels came from Heaven, and around
our rest kept guard.
! '•Canyon marvel that he sleeps not while we
| stand outside the doer ?
That he starts in quivering anguish at our toot
falls on the floor
I hough his prison walls be massive, though
j his door be closely barr'd.
He beholds us. and he hears u-. and he knows
; we're keeping guard.
[ "Traitor hearts may _v■ t befriend him, traitor
bands may set him free,
He may fly from hate and stuffing, but from
us be cannot flee :
! When at last to God in Heaven Hies hi-i soul,
all treason-scarred,
! Roundabout the Throne Internal lie will find
us keeping guard !"
uiCcUumTiUb,
TIIE CENTRAL PACIFIC KAIL-
Kil.tl),
Pi oapects anil capabilities oi I lie Road
Warl, Already HOIIC -Effect of the
Enter] i i-c. Etc.
I have b en -ojnui ning in this town, says
a correspondent if th N .v York Wo/Id
j the capital .1 the State—fir it few days, and
i while here have gat In . •! a number <f very
j interesting items ni' information relative to
I the Central I'aeific Railroad, which road will
; form the western half of the great cotitinen
j tal railroad that, stretching over plain and
; valley, over the Rocky and Sierra Nevada
! rftngesot mount tins, will unite the Atlantic
l i the Pac fie c last : reduce-the time taken
j to make :in journey between them IV on
twenty-two days to about ten day.- : ami
what n almo.-f a> important as th>- r du--.: n
of time, the railroad will do away with - a
sickness and its attendant horror.-, as vwli
as the dreadful discomfort.- of a ma-' eg
pa--age through th tropic- with: t > . in
filled fiimts of a steamship.
W In u di-' U-sing aiiylhin: i-mn ctci v itb
this great railroad, almost ait who Live
1 treat-> 1 of it, after tlicy ham vicna i tln
! uiore than Herculean difficulties it lot- h id
; to surmount, the good it will accomplish,
, and the strength it will give to our count y
the as-istance it will give to the develop
ment of the v a-i and even yet comparatively
unpeopled section it will pass through, and
the close tie- by which it will unite the 1< o
j pie of the Atlantic with tho.-e of the Pacific
| 1 .-ay when the-c fact- have been hrougb:
A LOCAL ANI) GKNKKAL NEWSPAPER, DEVOTED TO POLITICS, EDUCATION, lATER VT'URE ANI) MOItALS
home to theui they have always felt so jubi
lant that the exuberance of their feelings
could only be reduced by indulging in poetic
figures and flowing expressions, such as the
marriage of the Pacific with the Atlantic,
the binding of the Orient with the Ordent
by iron bands, and many other kindiv I ex
pressions.
Now, poetry and nominee are well enough
in their place, and they are certainly nnt out
of it while dealing with the subject of the
railroad ; but this is peculiarly a liaid mat
ter of fact age, and the jingle oi' dollars has
more music in it than the jingle of poetry,
facts are more acceptable than fancy, and
profits than verses. Therefore I propose
giving you a short matter-of fact account of
the work that has been and is to be done
upon our half of the railroad, of the mone
tary profits that have already flowed into its
treasury from that p rtion already comple
ted, and of the increase that tie- future
promises, &c., &e.
Although ever since the early discovery
of gold on this coa.-t the subject of a conti
nental railroad has been agitated in Con
gress, and the necessity for it admitted, yet
so great was the desire for different sections
to possess it, and so ardently did each ) rcss
its claim for pos---- ing the best route, that
the government became bewildered on the
subject, and for some time it was question-,
ble whether the road would be built at ah'.
But at last tin- Central Pacific Railroad
Company of California triumphed, n<>t
through over-readiing, but through the
now universally admitted fact that the route
they selected was by far the lies: and most
practicable one. and their desire to build the
road on this side the most earnest and de
termined. Rut after they triumphed in
Washington they had another battle towage
here with the Sacramento \ alley Railroad
Company, which with its friends now pro
claiming with stentorian voices that their
route via Plaecrville and Lake Tuho-. was
the best and most practicable over the Si •
ras, and promised the greatc-t profits. Toe
Central Company, whose route is by Dutch
Flat and Rouner Lake, seeing that capital
was being divided when it should be united
in the great work, and with the object of
making theirs beyond all peradventure the
route, bought out the Sacramento Valley
Railroad Company, which road ha- come to
a -rand-still fifty-five miles from Sacramento,
while the Central Pacific R >a-l is being rush
ed along eastward as fast as an industrial
army of some ten thousan ! men, with all
the necessary weapons and material, can
make it.
The road was comment: i in lx>4, but op
position and other drawbacks hampered it
progress gieutly. L - u->w fini.-hed, and the
locomotive i- running niu ty-thrce miles
eastward from Sacraim-nto to CI.-I • -tation.
This is within twelve miK-of tin dreaded
-unuuit of the Sierras. The elevation above
the route thus far are as follows : Newcastle,
thirty-one miles from Sacramento, 960 feet
elevation; Colfax, sixty two miles, 2,418
feet; Dutch Fiat, sixty seven miles, 4, 17."
feet: Casco, ninety three miles, 11 feet.
The road i - now railed clo-e 'o the summit,
which will In- en- -i d at an elevation of
T.O.V> feet. By far the most difficult part of
the road has i> >.v been built : that from the
summit down the mountains eastward will
be comparatively ea y. and the grade light.
In coming up, the fitghest allowed grade,
ILi feet to 'lie mile, is but once reached; the
average ascending grade to the -uiutnit i
but 75 feet to the mile. In descending the
ea-twird sid of the Sierras, ninety f< i t will
he the greatest do.-n iriitig grade, and the
i::c • only forty feet. When the eastern
i a ; of tin' Sici ras i- j as-, d. there is almost
a natural grad • to the western ba f the
Rocky Mountains. I'his part of the road
can be built ten times more rapidly and
about a- much inure cheaply than that al
ready done. All the hard work came at first
when the company were struggling with not
a s ■ i only , but seas of opposition, and while
the funds in their treasury were not as plen
ty a> now. 1 Lid this roell fallen into the
hands of speculators it ~ v _
■ er have been built, but it laKen told of
by a ntiinber of tlf i idlest Mid most enter
prising men in tin- .-bate. 1 boy have given
;• and are -till giving it all their time, tin if
clergies and their influence, and above all
their money. All the county. State and na
. tio.ial t'ionetaty aid that was r r. •. 1 ha
been thrown into the work ; and this terri
ble earnest ties- that lias characterized its
managers was what silettci ! opposition more
than anything else. .•> that its former greut
e t detractors arc now it- warmu-t IV i nds.
And it was no sentimental wish alo i to .-co
i the road completed that made it own r
give to it so lavishly. 1 hey know well the
great present trade and the vet eomparativt -
ly undeveloped resource- of tic < xtrcm ly
rich country that is waiting for the develop
ment that the road wiilgive; and they know,
also, that every dollar expanded upon it will
conic back with interest in a very near fu
-1 ture after its completion, and that one share
in their hand- with the road built will be
worth two while it i utiliitishod.
The road will be complete to \ irginia
City, Nevada, 150 miles front .Sacramento,
in the latter part of 1807 ; to Austin, 52<>
miles, by the iall of to Salt Lake
City, 585 miles from Sacramento, in Janua
ry, 1870; and if not there met by the I nion
Pacific Railroad, the company will kc p mi
pushing c-t.-tward until they are stopped hy
the I iiion in its westward progress. The
road thus, with its equipment thus far lias
cost about £'.",000,000. and before it is en
tirely finished to the State line, 150 miles
from Sacramento, it will cost about $2,000,-
000 more. These figures toll the story of
what difficulties had to be overcome. 11.-el
not the utmost caivfuine-s been observe.l,
too, these figure- would have 1. en greatly
exceeded. At first, indeed, it was thought
tli co tof labor would !• an ir.-urinounta
blo obstacle; and it uiieht have been had
not the company inaugurated an w in his
trial weapon by using Chinamen, of whom
they employ sotue 8,(too. at ■->:() p ; month.
It has been found i >■->. d si ite projdiei •• > i >
the contrary that ti.i .-las.- of lab o is mae't
more tra table than white, almo-t if not
quite as effectual, uran for man, and about
fifty per cent, cheaper. In addition to
Chinese laborers these are about 2,0 M
whites employed (all that, can !>• obtained)
who arc paid an average of sh> per month,
and are also boarded, which the Chinese are
not. 1,200 horses and mules, ami a< many
carts are used, and 550 k''e- of blasting
powder, eo ting $4 per kg, are daily eon
--lined. These forces are used on the build
tug of the road alone, and a: • < xolu.-ive of
Mit of the Sierras the road lias had to be
run through solidgranitc : drilling an 1 hla
iny, therefore, are constantly k ;>t up, :u 1
all along this route there are three gangs of
laborers, each of which work eight hours,
the night and day throueh. all the *>••,/ days
>i the week.
The earnings of the road luvt; been as fol
lows, in gold: In May and dune, when it
as running onl>' to Colfax, -ixty-two mile-,
die receipt.- were stid,Ut.k) for the first month,
■and for the last, in July. Alta -ta
tion, sixty-nine miles, wa- reached, and the
ieccipts were ss.v.ooO; in August tic re
HEDFOIiI >. Pa,. FRIDAY, MAIiOII 21, 1807
ceipts were * 112,000 in September, $114,-
000; in October, $127,000.
Fourteen dollars per ton is the rate on
freight to Cisco; passengers, $9.50 each.
The receipts from freight just now are about
four times as large as those from passengers.
These prices may, perhaps, -eem high when
compared with the tariffs of some of your
eastern roads; hut tliey are low, indeed,
compared with those charged by snail like
ox or mule teams. Already the merchants
and mine owners of Ntvada are effecting a
saving of about tweny per cent, ou the
freight bills of their sipplies, and when tl e
road is completed to that State they will
save much more, bothin money and time,
while perishable artcles, which formerly
suffered greatly throujh the rough carriage
by teams over mountan roads, will now be
delivered to them unnjurcd. Illustrative
of what people who are without railroad
communication have to pay for freights, I
may mention the fact •'<>'t last season $O,-
(100,000 worth of goods were purchased and
sent viatlie .M.Vouii 1 liver',o Montana; the
freightage upon these wat $2,000,000, or
one-third their entire value. Wells, Fargo
& Co. ohivr ge seventy-five cents per pound in
gold (or stage freight from San Francisco to
Salt Lake, seven hundred and ten miles, and
titty cents to Austin, three hundred and
twenty miles. Teams charge about one half
these rates from Sacramento. In the year
1 st'. 4—a dull one, by the way—the President
of the Gould and Curry Mining Company
estimated that had there been a railroad
running to Virginia City, the company would
have saved in that year nearly $2,000,000
in gold on freights. The cost of transport
ing goods to the mines of Nevada might
with truth be called terrible. At least s!<•,-
000,000 per year is thus runaway with ; and
in view of these facts the wonder is that the
companies, on even such an unparalleled
rich lode a< the Oomstock, can struggle un
der uch burdens, pay $l4 per cord for fire
wood, $4.50 per day in gold to laborers, and
yet pay monthly dividends of from 2 to 5
per cent, in gold. The cost of working the
paying mines of Nevada will be reduced ful
ly one-half when the road is built, and thou
sands that can not be developed now, be
cause of enormous expense, can and will be
when the road is built.
In addition to the profits that will flow to
the Central Pacific llailroad Company from
the running of their road, the immense
landed grants of Congress will have placed
in their possession millions of acres oi as
tine agricultural and timber lands as can be
found within the limits of the United States,
from which they will draw vast revenues.
Neva ia is almost destitute of timber, and,
even for firewood, $l3 per cord has to be
paid by the mining companies, and for the
more valuable used for timbering the mines
and other purposes, from $4O to $OO per
cord is charged iu Virginia City. The
amount required for timbering a mine may
be guessed when I state that it has been
repeatedly asserted, and never contradicted
Glut to timber the Gould and Curry mine
took more lumber than was used to build
Virginia City, a town of frame houses that
accommodates 15,000 inhabitants. All the
timber required by the State of Nevada can
Lo applied Ly the '-'lroad company for at
least fifty years, and the income they will
derive front this source alone will pay a fair
percentage on the cost of the entire road
through the Sierras.
1 have here briefly touched on this road,
which to us of this coast, is of more impor
tance titan any other subject that can be
disseusscd, and what facts L have given will
doubtless interest many of your reade-Ls, f'<>r
a large pat t of the sto k in it is held by New
Yorkers, we being, as usual, too poor to
keep it all at home. I liave not gone deeply
into the subject of facts and figures for they
would be tire.-ome and unnecessary —promi-
nent facts onlv have been touched upon.
Hut if those of your citizens who own inter
ests in the Central Pacific Railroad do not
receive larger profits from it than are derived
from the -toek of aty other road, not even
excepting the Panama Railroad, then facts
and figures kIH lie, despite the proverb to
the contrary, and hive lost their use for
making calculations.
It was thought at first that the deep
biu>\v.- of winter would greatly impede travel
upon ilie mad in the Sierras, if it did not
•toiliy MI -pend it. liut the anticipated
trouble from thi.- source has easily been
ovi ieouic by snow ploughs and cleaning
parties, although very heavy falls indeed
have occurred this winter. I have been
thru times over the road, onoc in last Jan
uary, in deep snow, again iu July, and a
third time this week. On my second trip I
had a very good opportunity to see the work
thoroughly, and can u Btify that it is built in
first class style throughout, and my winter
trips have convinced me that snow can put
no obstacle in the way of the road that can
not always he easily overcome.
Of the grandeur of the mountain peaks,
many of which rise to an altitude of from
11! oOiI to 14.000 feet; of the deep and ofteu
apparently fathomless gorges; of the gigantic
trees; of the crystal lakes, mountain water
falls. and rivers; of the lights and shades,
an l of the gorgeous views from the tops of
si >iuc of the [teaks; of the rarilied and clear
atmosphere; of the bracing and delightful
mountain air—of these aud a thousand other
kindred subjects 1 will say nothing farther
than to prophecy tint, when the road is
completed throughout its whole length.
American tourists will here find a chain of
lofty and glorious mountains that will prove
to their delighted senses that their own land
contains all that can be found within the
boasted limits of the Alps, and that to enjoy
Mich sights they need no longer cross the
Atlantic.
Amur EDITORS. —Benjamin Franklin
lias the credit of saying that "the best edi
tor is scissors, by which he probably meant
that the editor who recognizes the fact of
there being in the world many good writers
beside himself and avails himself of the good
things they have written, will make the
most interesting and acceptable newspaper.
Men who know most about making news
papers. do not estimate an editor's labors
by the number of columns he writes, but by
the geucral completeness and finish of his
paper as a whole. The following paragraph
written by an Englishman of large experi
ence, contains the gist of the whole matter:
"A good editor, or competent newspaper
conductor, is like a general or a poet—born
uot made. Exercise and experience give
facility, but the qualification is innate, or it
is never manifested. On the London daily
papers all the great historians, novelists,
poets, essayists and writers of travels, have
been tried, and nearly every one lias failed.
I can, said an editor of the Loudon
I'iims. "find any number of men of genius
to write for me. but very seldom one of com
-1111 HI sense. ' Nearly all successful editors
are ot this description. A good editor sel
dom writes much for his paper ; he reads
judges, selects, alters and combines ; and,
after doing all well, he has but little time
for composition. To write for a paper is
tuie thtng— to edit a paper is another.
(jrOD protects men when they are in his
way. hut not out of hi> way.
|
HIGHER EDUCATION OF GIRLS. I
If the true greatness of a nation depends I
as much on its women as on its men, too I
much stress cannot be laid oil tie paramount
importance of educating our women in such
a manner that they shall he prepared by
suitable physical training and mental culture
to discharge tin ir duties in the domestic and
social circle, aiding and counselling their
husbands and brothers, and moulding the
plastic minds of their children into all the
forms ofgoodne.-s, patriotism and seitdenial.
Thus prepared and thus discharging their
positive dutic-, the quest ion ofthu privileges
to which women are entitled a.- members of
the community, and to which they may lay
claim iu the body politic, will admit of easy
solution. The subject is suggested to us by
a paper on tin- "Higher Education of Girls,"
by Miss Fituily Davies, part of which is
given in the Mttnnachas.itf Tftflttr for
November. When a woman speaks to her
sex it is always with sincerity, and generally
with aknowli dgeof the theme which moves
her to addre.— them. In the present in
stance no flattery is used. Actual wants and
deficiencies are pointed out, a distinct ad
mission of which is to be a prelude to the
needful reform. We are told by Miss
Davies of the small esteem for their intclli
gence and good sense in which English wo
men of the middle class are held; of a habit
of exaggeration as a feminine characteristic:
of mental weakness not compensated for by
bodily strength, and of want of health so
general in the sex. Women, precluded
from wholesome sources of excitement in
towns, resort to such as are unwholesome,
and fall into indolent habits, with their re
sulting dullnes-. In titnesgone by, circum
stances provided a discipline which is now
wholly wanting, and which needs to be sup
plied by wider and deeper e]!!Tation. Men
overtax their own brains and, by a ioctrine
of vicarious rest, are quite content that wo
men should be kept in a -tale of wholesome
rust. This system tells in different wave
Some gills fret and pine under it: others arc
content to idle about frout morning to night
acquiring "indolent and desultory habits,
hard to break through when, later in life,
the demand for steady, methodical exertion
come., upon them. "What." ask-; Miss
Davies, "do ladies talk about at morning
and evening partiei! Children, servants,
dress and suimu r tours oou-titute the sta
pie of conversation, which, after awhile,
lags, and leaves the tired countenances to
express the vacancy within. "Of litera
ture women ol the middle class know next
to nothing. "
Can we say much of that ol the high :•
class? The catalogue of a bookseller's circu
lating library, in which second rate ficti -it
largely predominates, is a fair criterion of
the range and taste of lady readers. The
assertion that newspaper# are scarcely sup
posed to he read by women at a!! must be
received with large allowances in this coun
try, where women are quite as much reader
of newspapers as tin men "When political
or social questions are forced upon their no
tice they commonly judge them from some
purely persona! point of views;" an infirmity
this we may add, not confined to the fair
sex. We like much the sentiment conveyed
in the follow ills Wouls. 'The Want of
hearty sympathy, n-.t only Let ween the clas
ses which are <li\: leil by broad and easily
recognized distim-ti m-. hut between those
which are separated by lines so shadowy
that looked at from above or below, they
arc scare ly discernible, i? one of the most
seri >its iiujicdioi'-iits < • .- •il pr >gres>. and
it is one which . o :. ami more widely
diffused eultuic i . : v do much to rt move.
As great thine- are expected from a re
form in secondary instruction, it is reasona
ble to ask that such reforms as may b. pos
sible shall be on the widest basis, and not
omitting any really iinj -u taut section of ,-o
eicfy. No particular -rheme is offered to
meet the.-c rt qu'riuncn - !o a selection of
the most appropri.it -tubes, and allotment
of time fi rsiteli. V. hen the discovery of a
perfect piau is readied, "it will probably he
found, also, that the same course, is. in the
main, the be-t for girls ami hoys, the object
being substantial!) the saute —that of aw. k
ening and strengthening and adorning the
human spirit." It is more especially im
portant that tin: period of secondary instruc
tion should be weil sp it in the case' of girls
who-e culture up to the age of eighteen
years, when it cea- •-•. should be wide and
deep and humane in the highest degree.
There is no university for them, as in the
case ol boys, to mak-- up for the deficiencies
of school training.
FURIOSI PIES or T WATION.
There arc some very peculiar fluctuations
noticeable in the returns made to the asses
sors of internal r- ven i■•. and the euorrious
differences of the i.ieo ue of one \ear over
another are start hug ccmiiii-ntarie.s on the
uncertainties of lm.-in One man in New
York who had u-> pi qaqty to speak of in
isfi:; returns an income ef $'.'4.(K.M4 in I sol.
He has evidently been successful in oil or
stock. One large merehantile house made
sales to the amount of forty-two millions of
dollars, and the leading partuer's income
was six hundred thousand dollars. A. T.
Stewart, in 1864, made sales to the amount
of thirty-nine millions, on which he made
only $400,000. lii isfi:', the same mer
chant returned an income of one million
eight hundred thou-ml dollars. These
facts are remarkable, II t only as showing
the immense business transacted, but also
as evidence of (he dizzy changes to which
collos-al fortunes are liable. Sonic of these
merchants, no doubt, have acquired their
wealth iu the legitimate channels of trade.
For many year- they have shown rare abil
ity and great discrimination in mameuvring
heavy stocks of good-, as a competent gen
eral handles htttidr-d-of thousands of men.
Hut on the ocean where sail the ships of
these merchant pt iti multitudes of smal
ler craft meet shipwt.-ck evety day. Then
again there are seeming argosies, laden tvith
silk and pearls, fair t<> the sight but danger
ous on trial. that a, overwhelmed at the
first gale. There i- something unhealthy
and feverish in the idea of a man's growing
into an income of • iglity thousand dollars
in a ingle year ; and the result of such for
tunes generally proves it to be true, that
real wealth is best acquired by patient in
dustry.
The treasury f the Inited State? has
received some assistance in this war from
many a.goldcn bubble, shining in the morn
ing sun but for a moment. Adventurers in
pursuit of an heiress, men ambitious of so
cial position, fast young ladies who desired
to astonish the world, or to effect loans on
securities, have returned large incomes and
paid taxes accordingly. The fellow who
dealt in lard, and who slipped away to Eu
rope the other day with a half million of
other people's property, was taxed for an
income of $15,000 in l>#;i. and for twice as
much in l£G4, and this was a part of the
false foundation on which he built up his
credit. Such things are by no means new.
hut the tax collector brinrs them before us
in a novel form, aod people are thereby led
to wonder and to moralize.
YOU'.ME JO: SO 12
THE GROWTH OE PHILADELPHIA.
The populate n of Philadelphia is U ow
greater than that of any European city, ex
cept London. Paris, and probably Constan
tinople- The prominent and populous Eu
ropean cities rank as follows : Merlin (in
1861), 547 571 ; St. Petersburg (in 1858),
520.i:;i ; Vienna (in 1857). 470,222; Liv
erpool (in IStiti), 4s hi.>7 ; Naples (in 18G2,
417.0#."); Glascow (in 1.866), 432.265. Phil
adelphia contained, in iB6O. 505,52, and
has since, no doubt, been increased to up
wards of 7' 1,000, and may now reach 750.-
000. The population of London, according
to the census taken last year, was 3,037,991,
and of Paris, according to the French cen
sus of 1806, 1,824.274. The growth of this
city has been so steadj', and uniform, its
prosperity rests on such a solid basis, and
there are so few obstacles in its indefinite
extension, that it is probably destined at
no distant period to become orie or il.& moot
populous cities in the world, to rival Paris
or London, as It has already outstripped
Vienna, Berlin, Naples, and St. Petersburg.
The causes of the growth of modem cities,
is a subject well worthy of investigation.
The affluence of central governments, with
the attractions of glittering courts, and the
expenditure of public money, have built up
the European capitals, but in the United
States only Washington and the seats of
State government- are sensibly advanced in
this manner. < tor leading cities must de
pend upon the amount of general business
transacted, and the inducements offered as
permanent or transient residences tc those
who derive a livelihood from industrial op
erations which they do not personally super
intend, from estates, mines, manufactories,
stocks, or fixed incomes. Philadelphia
unites in a greater degree than any other
city both these requisites. Her natural fa
cilities for business have been severely test
ed by serious mutations. She has in turn
enjoyed and lost the pre-eminence of being
the capital, the leading seaport, and the fi
nancial centre of the nation. Various forms
of commercial activity have, at different
times, grown into great importance, and
subsequently been destroyed by unavoida
ble changes in the currents of trade. But
she has nobly surmounted all the-e difficul
ties. Baffled in one direction she has turn
ed to another, and fully recovering from
these temporary disasters, has gone steadily
onward, constantly swelling the volume of
her financial transactions and increasing the
business connections of her citizens. She
has thus shown a sturdy vitality that cannot
fail to exert a favorable influence upon her
future career, and that demon-trates the val
ue of her many natural advantages for man
ufacture- and for domesti commerce, as well
as of her immediate connection with one of
the most pi 0.-perous and productive portions
of the Union. Constant vigilance and cn
terpt i e are required in these days of eager
rivalry to preserve her due -bare of the bu
siness which -hould naturally accrue from
geographical p-'-ition and present develop
meat; but if they arc displayed the sources
of useful and profitable employment will in
crease oven more rapidiv than hei popula
tion. The growth of cities is not. however,
dependent exclusively upon tlie extent of
their business. Their attractions as a place
of residence arc of great importance, alike
to the crowd of delvers who form the bulk
of their population, and to those who are
enabled to select their homes without refer
ence to pecuniary considerations. An abun
dance of wholc-ome food in convenient mar
kt t places,cheap and commodious dwellings,
pure water and cas, clean and well paved
street- healthful location, convenient facil
ities for travelling at all times from one lo
cality to another, brilliant stores, commodi
ous hotels, spacious parks, churches, schools
1 amusements, libraries, literary and scienti
fic institutions, combine to retain and at
troct. whil any marked deficiency of an im
portant requisite repels, population. In
it- general features. Philadelphia i- by uni
versal confession one of the most delightful
places of residence in the country, and she
will preserve this character by prompt ac
tion in removing the minor or temporary
e\ il- to which we frequently advert, and by
vigorously following up the efforts already
begun, to increase the usefulness of many of
her most attractive public institutions. The
welfare of her toiling people imperatively
demand-pure water, unrestricted railway
facilitit s. cheap gas. and comfortable dwel
lings. Tlie more luxurious classes find here
social and intellectual attractions scare !y
inferior to those which draw to the neat
European centres for a large portion of each
year the leading families of the respective
kingdoms. If we continue to provide for
the general necessities by sagacious munici
pal legislation and individual effori. and
steadily improve our natural business ad
vantages, a grand future evidently awaits
this city.— l'rest.
THE TRI E GF.NTI.EMAN. —The following
sketch is called the portrait of a true gen
tleman. found in an old Manor House in
Gloucestershire, written and framed and
hung over the tnantlepieee of a tapestried
sitting room :
"The true gentleman is God's servant,
the world's master, and his own man ; vir
tue is his business, study his recreation,
contentment hi- rest, and happiness his
reward : God is his father, the church is his
mother, the saints his brethren, all that need
his friends : devotion is his chaplain, chas
tity his chamberlain ; sobriety his butler,
temperance his cook, hospitality his house
keeper. Providence his steward, charity
his treasurer, piety his mistre-sof the house
and discretion his porter, to let in or out as
most lit. This is his whole family made up
of virtue, and lie is the true master of the
house. He is necessitated to take the world
on hi- way to hcoven ; but he walks through
it as last a- he can, and all hi- business by
the way is to make him- If and others hap
py. Take him in two words —a Man and a
Christian."
THE FLIGHT OF TlME. —There arc many
things of which we have a much more vivid
perception at some times than et others.
The tiling is before you ; but .sometimes you
can grasp ; t firmly—sometimes iteludes you
mistily. Von are walking along a country
path just within hearing of distant bells.
You hear them faintly ; but, ail ofa sudden,
by some caprice of the wind, the sound is
borne to you with startling clearness-. There
is something analogous to that in our per
ceptions and feelings of many great facts
and truths. Commonly we pereeive them
and feel them faintly; but sometimes they
are borne in upon us we cannot say how.
Sometimes we get vivid glimpses of things
which we have often talked of, but which
we had never discerned and realized before.
And for many days it lias been so with me.
1 have seemed to feel the lapse of time with
startling clearness.
I have no doubt my reader ,that you have
sometimes done the like. ou have seem
ed to actually perceive the great current
with which we arc gliding steadily away and
away. — Feazt r* Magitzm*.
THEKK is often but a slight seperation b<>
tween s woman's love and h r r ' c. 11. i
keen teeth are very near her sweet lip.-.
RATKS OF ADVERTISING
All advertisements for lesa than 3 months Ht
r.ui ;>cr line for each insertion. Special notices
onehalf additional. All resolutions of Associa
tion, eommunieat : cr.6 of a limited or individual
intercts and notices of marriages.and deaths, ex
ceeding five line", 10 et*. per line. All legal noti
ce • { every kind, and all Orphans' Court and
other Judicial sales, arc required by law to be pub
lished in both papers. Editorial Notices 15 cents
per line. All Advertising due after first insertion.
A liberal discount made to yearly advertisers.
3 months. 6 months. 1 year
One square $ t.r,o $ 15.00 $lO.OO
Two squares fi.OO 9.00 1(5.00
Tlirce squres S.OO 12.00 20.00
One-fourth column U.OO 20.00 35.00
Half column 18.00 25.00 tS.CO
One column 30.00 -<5.00 80.00
lIA IK WASH roil DANDRUFF.
A correspondent writing to us requests a
reccipe for preparing "bear's grease," to
prevent his hair falling out, and to free his
head from dandruff. We are not acquaint
ed with any preparation of bear's grease
which is capable of affecting such impor
taut results. If there is any virtue in bear's
grea e to_ accomplish such objects, we think
the genuine article mu-t be superior to any
chemical preparation of it, and the only way
to obtain it pure, to a certainty, is to nab
"bruin," and make suie of bis pork.
We give as follows, however, a very good
receipe, for making a lair wash which will
remove dandruff' and keep the scalp clean
and soft, so as to prevent the hair in ordi
nary circumstances, from falling out: Take
one pint of alcohol and a tablespoonful of
castor oil, mix them together in a bottle by
shaking them well for a few minutes, then
seeul lv i.ScL A... _;i ,e
Alcohol dissolves castor oil, like gum cam
phor, leaving the liquid or wash quite clear.
It does not seem to dissolve any other unc
tuous oil so perfectly, hence no other is
equally good for this purpose.— Scifnti/ic
Awricn.
"THEM'S'EM." —We often hear oI' RE
markable cases of ahsense of mind. Here
is one equal to anything we have seen lately.
The man was doubtless a very interesting
head of the family :
"I say cap'n." said a little keen eyed
man. as he landed from the steamboat Poto
mac at Natchez. "I say cap'n this here
ain't all."
"That's all the baggage you brought on
board, sir," replied the captain.
"Well, see now f grant it all O K ac
cording to the list— four boxes, three chests,
two ban' boxes, a port maty, two hams —
oue part cut —three ropes of inyons and a
teakettle ; but you see, cap'n, I am duui
bersom. I feel there's sometbin' short. Tho
Iv'e counted them nine times, and never
took my eyes off em whiie on board, there's
sometbin' not right somehow."
"Well, stranger' the time is up ; there is
all 1 know Of ; so bring your wife and five
children out of the cabin, and we are off.'
"Them's em darn it; them's 'em ! I
knowe'd I'd forgot somethin'."
A PROTEST AGAINST INJUDICIOUS EARLY
RISING. —Dr. HA1.1., in the February num
ber of his Journal of Health, says: "One
of the very worst economies of time is that
filched from necessary sleep. The wholesale
but blind commendation of early rising is as
mischievous in practice as it is arrant folly
in theory. Early rising is a crime against
the noblest part of our physical nature, un
less it is preceded by an early retiring. Wc
caution parents particularly not to allow
their children to be waked up in the morn
ing.-: let nature wake them up she will not
do it prematurely: but lu.ve a care that they
go to bed at an early hour: let it be earlier
and earlier, untii it is found that they wake
up of themselves in full time to dress for
breakfast. Being waked up early, and al
lowed to engage in difficult or any studies
late and just before ritiring. has given many
a beautiful and promising child brain fever,
or determined ordinary ailments to the pro
duction of water on tbe brain. "
EXCELLENT RECIPE FOR TEMPERANCE.—
A clergyman in his travels met with an emi
grant journeying with his family to the fer
tile regions of the Mississippi. All his
worldly goods v. ere packed on wagons; and
on one of the wagons there hung a huge
jug with the bottom knocked out. He
asKcd bim why he carried that jug with him.
| "That's my Taylor jug,"|said he. "And
what is a Taylor jug?" asked my friend.
"Why," said he, "I had a eon with General
Taylor's army in Mexico, and the old gineral
toil him to always carry his whiskey jug
with a hole in the bottom. Since that time
I have carried my jug as you sec it; and I
find it the very best invention I ever met
with."
OLDEN TIMES. —Long ago in 3las
sachusetts, it was tlie custom for a person
to go about the meeting house during divine
service, and wake up the sleepers, lie bore
a long wand. 011 one end of which was a ball
and on the other a faxes tail. When he
observed the men asleep, he rapped them
on the head with the knob, and roused the
slumbering sen -ibilitic- of the ladies by
drawing the brush lightly across their faces.
CHILDREN may teach us one blessing, one
enviable art —the art of being easily happy.
Kind nature has given to them that useful
power of accommodation to circumstances
which compensates for many external disad
vantages. and it is only by injudicious man
agement, that it is lost. Give liim but a
moderate portion of food and kindness, and
the peasant's child is happier than the
duke's: free from artificial wants, unsatisfied
by indulgence, all nature ministers to bis
pleasure. lie can carve out felicity from a
j bit of hazel twig, or fish for it successfully
in a puddle.
A turbine water wheel is about to be
placed in position for a slate quarry in
Wales, with a fall of 1,000 feet. This is be
lieved to be the greatest height of fall ever
made use of for motive power; the nearc.-t
approach to it being in Black Forest, in
Germany, where a turbine works under a
fall of SOO feet.
PROFESSOR AOASSIZ devoted considerable
space in his last aole and interesting lecture
to proving that man is nut descended from
the monkey. This he successfully establish
ed. Whereupon Mr. George Bancroft and
General Prosper M. Wetmore moved a vote
of thanks to rite lecturer, which was carried
amidst nmeh enthusiasm.
FLAKE'S Galveston Bulletin says that it
is •"informed that since Christmas about
sixteen thousand freemen have gone hack to
Louisiana from the northern counties of thi.-
State. The allegation is that Louisiana laws
are more just and equitable for the freedmen
than those of Texas- -that the labor laws of
this State, and the sentiment by which they
are interpreted and administered, is such
that the blacks gladly seek a home in Louis
iana.
jr
11E who is passionate and hasty is gener
ally honest. It is your cold, dissembling
hypocrite of whom you should beware.
There's no deception in ahull dog; it is only
the eur that sneaks up and bites you when
your back is turned.
AN individual who was sent to jail for mar
rying two wives, excused himself by saying
tiiat when he had one she fought him, but
when he had two they fought each other.
MR. PALMER, of Xiblo's Garden, New
York who is now in Europe, writes that he
has secured a novelty for next season that
will outrun the "Black Crook."