Ihe ||f4tiiv4
18 PUBLISHED
KVEHY Fftl DAY MORNING
I. R. !>l RBOKUON AM) JOHN LITZ,
OS
J ULI A.l* A St., opposite the Meagel House
BEDFORD, PENN'A
TEBXR:
$2.00 a year if paid strictly ia advance.
If not paid within six months 82.5.
If not |ail within the year SS.OO.
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
J 11. LONGENECKER,
. ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA.,
All business entrusted to his care will receive
prompt attention.
JSr-On-ICE with S. L. RVSSF.U Esq., nearly
opposite the Conrt House.
Oct. Id, '6G.-610.
B. F. METERS S. W. DICKERSoS
MI. VERS A DICKERSOX,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
BEDFORD, PESS'A.,
Office same as formerly occupied by lion. W. P.
Sebell, two doors east of the Gazette office, will
practice in the several Courts of Bedford county.
Pensions, bounties and back pay obtained and the
purchase of Real Estate attended to.
May 11, '6o—Tyr.
I OHN T. KEAGY.
,J ATTORNEY AT LAW.
BEDFORD, PEN.N'A.,
Offers to give satisfaction to all who may en
trust their legal business to hiin. M ill collect
u oneys on evidences of debt, and speedily pro-
C tre bounties and pensions to soldiers, their w i>i
owsor heirs. Office two doors west of Telegraph
office. aj rll-.'66-ly.
I B. CESSNA,
J . ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Office with JOHN CESSSA, on Julianna street, in
the office formerly occupied by King A Jordan,
and recently by Filler A Keagy. All business
entrusted to his eare will receive faithful and
prompt attention. Military Claims. Pensions, Ac.,
speedily collected.
Bedford, June 9, 1565.
1- M'D. r - F - K
riHARPE A KERR.
O ATTORNS r.?-A T-LA B\
Will practice in the Courts of Bedford and ad
joining counties. All business entrusted to their
rare will receive careful and prompt attention.
Pensions, Bounty, Back Pay, Ac., speedily col
lected from the Government.
Office on Juliana street, opposite the banking
house of Reed A Scheli, Bedford. I'a. marJiti"
rOHN PALMER.
f) ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Will promptly attend to all business entrusted to
his care.
SS- Particular attention paid to the collection
of Military claims. Office on Julianna St.. nearly
•pposite the Mcngel House.) june 23, '65.1y
J. !?. fMEfriSORRCFW JOB!? LUTX,
I \ URBOR ROW A LUTZ.
U ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Bebforh, Pa.,
Will attend promptly to all business intrusted to
their care. Collections made on the shortest no
tiee.
Th< v arc. also, regularly licensed Claim Agents
and will give special attention to the prosecution
of claims against the Government for Pensions,
Rack Pay. Bounty, Bounty Lands, Ac.
Office on Juliana street, one door South of the
•Mengel House" and nearly opposite the Inquirer
efficei April 28. 18S5:t
IJISPY M. ALSIP,
J ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA.,
Will faitbfnlly and promptly attend to ail busi
ness entrusted to his cure in Bedford and adjoin-
Mann A Spang, on .Juliana street, 2 doors south
fthc Mcngcl House. apl L 186*. —tf.
VfTA. POINTS,
31 ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEJ>fori>, PA.
Respectfully tenders his professional services
t the public. Office with J. W. Lingenfclter,
E tn Juliana street, two doors South of the
"Mengle lb use." Dec. , 184-tf.
roHN MOW Ell,
rJ ATTORNEY AT LAW.
BEDFORC, PA.
April 1,1564. —tf.
KIMMKT.L AND LTN'iIiNFELTER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Bedford, PA.
11 are formed a partner.-bip in the practice oi
'he Law Office on Julian.l Street, two doors South
of the Mengcl llow-e.
aprl, JSdf—tC.
BEITISTB.
C. V. niCKOk '• G. MISSICH, JR.
j vKNTISTS, i'-EPr an. PA.
I f ofh" tkt BtuthJUn-1 sV.w,
Ail ■ | erali' Es pertaining to Surgh-aS >-r Me
chanical Dentistry carefully and faithfully per
firnn-d and warranted. TERMS CASH.
Tooth I'i *dci: a 1.1! Mouth W*?h, liiclNntar
tides, always on hand.
jan6'6s-ly.
I \ENTISTRY.
IJ I. S. BOWSER, RESIDENT DENTIST, W- OD
BKBiir, Pa., visits Bloody Run three days of each
month, commencing with tin second Tuesday of
the ru'taib. Profound to perform all l><Dtal oper
ations with which he may be favored. Tcrir.t
uithin lie reaci of all and strictly cash' crj't by
special contrast. Work to be sent by mail oroth
wisc, must be paid for when impressions arc tak<n.
augj, '6l:tf. ,
PHYNICIAAH.
DR. GEORGE C. DOUGLAS
Reepecttuily tenders hi.- profe.-.'ioii'l .-ervices
to the people of Bedford and vicinity.
£ld3~ Residence at Maj. Washabavgh's.
Office two dooi - west of Bedford Hotel, up
stairs. nul7:tf
\\ ' M. \Y. JAMISON, y. D..
BLOODY Hex, PA.,
Respectfully tenders his professional service? to
the people of that place and vicinity. [deeß:lyr
I \K. li. F. HARRY,
* J Respectfully tenders his professional ser
vices to the citizens of Bedford and vicinity.
Office and residence on Pitt Street, in the building
formerly even pied by Dr. J. 11. llofius.
April 1, 1861—tt.
I 1.. MAKBoI H< •. M. D ,
sj • Having permanently located respectfully
tenders his pofessional services to the citizens
of Bedford and vicinity. Office on .Juliana street,
apposite the Bank, one door n<>rt'u of Hall i Pai
mer'soffice. April 1, ISCs—tf.
Ac.
VBSALOM GARLICK,
CLOCK AND WATC'H-MAKKB.
BLOODY Rex, PA.
Clocks, Watches, Jewelry, Ac., promptly re
paired. All work intrusted to his care, warranted
to give satisfaction.
lie also keeps on hand and for sale W'A TCH
ES, CLOCKS, and -IE WEI. HY.
Office with Dr. J. A. Mann. my!
fOUN REIMt ND,
fj CLOCK AND WATCH-MAKER,
in the United States Telepraph Office,
BEDFORD. PA.
Clocks, watches, and ail kinds of jewelry
promptly repaired. All work entrusted to kisenre
warranted to give entire "atistacti >n. [nov3-lj r
PVANJEL BORDER,
I " PITT STIIKBT. TWO DOORS WEST OF THE HEP
FORI, HOTEL, BEIFARD, PA.
WATCHMAKER AND DEALER !N JEWEL
RY. SPECTACLES. AC.
He keeps on hand a stock of fine Gold and SH
'? r )7. alc " c *> Spectacles of Brilliant Double llcfm
alo Scotch Pflbfcle Gbusen. Gold
at *h Chain?, Breast Pins, Finger Uiag*. best
quality of Gold Pens. He will supply to order
•my thing in his line not on hand,
apr. 2S, l'r,i- zz .
ANTI-DUST PARLOR STOVES, (Spur
-XX talent) at B. Mc. BLYMYKK A 1 0/3
D 1 KBORUOW * LI'TZ Editors and Proprietors.
MESSAGE
OP TIIE
PRESIDEXT OF THE t'MTF.W STATES.
FcUotc-citizen* of the Senate and House oj
Representatives:
After a brief interval the Congress of the
United States resumes its annual legislative
labors. An All-wise and merciful Provi
dence has abated the pestilence which vis
ited our shores, leaving its calamitous traces
upon some portions of our country. Peace,
order, tranquility, and civil authority have
been formally declared to exist throughout
the whole of the United States. In all of
the States civil authority has superseded the
coercion of arms, and the people, by their
voluntary action, are maintaining their gov
ernments in full activity and complete _o por
tion. The enforcement of the laws is no
longer "obstructed in any State by combina
tions too powerful to be suppressed by the
ordinary course of judicial proceedings
and the animosities engendered by the war
are rapidly yielding to the benefiieent influ
ences of our free institutions, and to the
kindly effects of unrestricted social and
commercial intercourse. An entire restora
tion of fraternal feeling must be the earnest
wish of every patriotic heart; and we will
have accomplished our grandest national
achievement when forgetting the sad events
of the past, and remembering only their
instructive lessons, we re.-ume our onward
career as a free, prosperous and united peo
ple.
In my message of the 4th of December,
1866, Congress was informed of the meas
ures which had been instituted by the Ex
ecutive with a view to the gradual restora
tion of the States in which the insurrection
occurred to their relation with the General
Government. Provisional governors had
been appointed, conventions called. Govern
ors elected, Legislatures assembled, and
Senators and Representatives chosen to the
Congress of the United States. Courts
had been opened tor tbe enforcement of
laws long in abeyance. The blockade had
been removed, custom houses re-established
and the internal revenue laws put in force,
in order that the people might contribute
to the national income. Postal operations
had been renewed, and efforts were being
made to restore them to their former condi
tion of efficiency. The States themselves
had been asked to take part in the high
function of amending the constitution, and
thus sanctioning the extinction of African
slavery as one of the legitimate results of
our internecine struggle.
Having progressed thus far the Executive
Department found that it had accomplished
nearly all that was in the scope of its consti
tutional authority. One thing, however,
yet remained to be done before the work of
restoration could be completed, and that
was the admission to Congress of loyal Sen
ators and Representatives from the States
whose people had rebelled against the lawful
authority of the General Government. This
question devolved upon the respective hous
es, which, by the Constitution, are made
it3|con.-ideration at once engaged the atten
tion of Uongrex:-.
In the meantime, th# executive depart
ment —no other plan having been proposed
by Congress—continued it- efforts to perfect
as far as was practicable, the restoration of
the proper relations between the citizens of
the respective State.-, the States and the
Federal Government, extending from time
to time, as the public interests seemed to
require, the judicial, revenue, and postal
system of trie country. With, the advice
and consent of the Senate, the necessary
officers were appointed, and appropriations
made t.v Congress for the payment of their
salaries. The proposition to amend the
Federal Constitution, so as to prevent the
existence of slavery within the United
States or any place subject to their juri-dic
tion, was ratified by the requisite number of
States; and on the 18th day of December,
1 it was officially declared to have become
valid as a j art of the Constitution of the
| United States. All of the States in which
the in.-ui rectiou had existed promptly
amended their constitutions so as to make
them conform to the great change thus
effected in the organic law of the land ; de
clared null and void all ordinances and laws
of secession ; repudiated all pretended
debts and obligations created for the revo
lutionary purposes of the insurrection: and
proceeded in good faith, to the euactment,
of measures for the protection and anieiior
j atioti of the condition of the colorod race,
j Congress, however, yet hesitated to admit
any of these States to representation ; and
! it was not until the close of the eighth
month of the session t hat an exception was
made in favor of Tennessee, by the admis
sion of her Senators and Representatives.
1 deem it a subject of profound regTet
: that Congress has thus far failed to admit
to seats loyal Senators and Representatives
i'ioiu the other States, whose inhabitants,
with those of Tennessee, had engaged in
the rebellion. Ten States, mere than oue
j fourth of the whole number, remain without
representation : the seats of fifty members
in the House of Representatives and of
twenty members in the Senate are yet
vacant—not by their own consent, not by a
failure of election, but by the refu.-al of
Congress to accept their credential.-. Their
admission, it is believed, would have accom
plished much toward the renewal and
strengthening of our relations as one peo
ple, and removed .-crious cause for di-con
tent on the part, of the inhabitants of those
States. It would have aeeotdcl with the
great principle enunciated in the Declara- ]
tion of American Independence, that 110
people ought to bear the burden of taxation
and yet be denied the right of representa
tion. It would have been in consonance
with the express provisions of the Consti
tutiou that "each State shall have at h ast
one Representative, and that no State with
out its consent, shall be deprived of its equal j
suffrage in the Seriate. These provisions i
were intended to secure to every State aud
to the people of every State the right of repre
sentation in each house of Congress ; and so
important was it deemed by the framers of
the Constitution that the equality of the
States iu the Senate should be preserved
that not even by an amendment to the Con
stitution cin any State, without its consent, j
be denied a voice in that branch of the
Leg Wat inc.
It is true, it has been assumed that the
existence of the States was terminated by
the rebellious acts of their inhabitant#, and
that the insurrection having been suppressed \
they were thenceforward to be considered j
merely a- conquered Territories. The legis- j
lative, executive and judicial departments 1
of the Government have, however, wiijfcj
great distinctness and uniform
refused to sanction an assumption 0 incom
patible with the nature of our republican
system, and with the professed objects of
tire war. Throughout the recent legislation
of Congress the undeniable fact makes itself
apparent that these ten political communi
ties arc nothing lass than States of thus Un
ion. At the very commencement of the
rebellion each house declared, with a
A LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWSPAPER, DEVOTED TO POLITICS, EDUCATIGN, IJTKRATURE AND MORALS.
unanimity as remarkable as it was signifi
cant. that the war was not "waged upon
our j art in any spirit of oppression, nor for
any purpose of conquest or subjugation,
nor purpose of overthrowing or interfeiißg
with the rights or established institutions
of those States, but to defend and maintain
the supremacy of the Constitution, and all
laws made in pursuance thereof, and to
preserve the Union wi:• > the dignity,
equality and rights of the several States
unimpaired, and that a.- eon as these objects
were "accomplished the war would cease.'
In some instances Senators were permitted
to continue their legislative functions, while
in other instances Representatives were
elected and admitted to seats after their
States had lormaliy declared their right to
withdraw from the Uuiou, and wcrcendeav
oring to maintain that right by foroeof arms.
AH of the States whose people were in
inttirf'-rtfon. as States, were fnctadoff in the
apportionment of the direct tax of twenty
millions of dollars annually laid upon the
United States b3" the act approved sth of
August, 18G1. Congress, by the act of
March 4, 180J, and by the apportionment
of representation thereunder, also recogni
zed their presence as States in the Union ;
and they have for judicial purposes, been
divided into districts, as States aloue can be
divided. The same recognition appears in
the recent legislation in reference to Tennes
see, which evidently rests upon the fact
that the functions of the State were not
destroyed by the rebellion, but merely sus
pended ; aud that principle, is of course,
applicable to those States, which like
Tennessee, attempted to renounce their
places in the Union.
The action of the executive department
of the Government ujon this subject has
been equally definite and uniform, and the
purpose of the war was specially stated in
the proclamation issued by my predecessor
on the 22d day of September, 1862. It
was then solemnly proclaimed and declared"
that "hereafter, as heretofore, the war will
be prosecuted for the object of practically
restoring the constitutional relation between
the I nited States and each of the States
and the people thereof, in which States that
relation is or mav be suspended or disturb
ed."
The recognition of the States Ly the
•Judicial Department of the Government
has also been clear and conclusive in all
proceedings affecting them as States had in
the Supreme. Circuit and District courts.
In the admission of the Senators and
Representatives from any and all of the
States there can be no just ground of ap
prehension that persons who arc disloyal
will be clothed with the powers of Legisla
tion, for this could not happen when the
Constitution and the iaws are enforced by a
vigilant and faithful Congress. Each house
is made the ' judge of the elections, returns
and qualifications of its own members."
When a Senator or Representative presents
his certificate of election he may at once be
admitted or rejected ; or, should there be
any question as to his eligibility, his creden
tials may be referred for investigation to the
appropriate committee. If admitted to a
to the house of wl'ich he" 1 tHus a
member, that he po -crscs the requisite
constitutional and legal qualifications If
refused a imission as a member for want
ot due allegiance to the Government, and
returned to his constituents, they aie ad
monished that none but persons loyal to
the" I uited States will be allowed a voice in
the legislative councils of the nation: thepo
litical power and moral influence of Congress
are thus effectively exerted in the interests
of loyalty to the Government and fidelity to
the t'nion. I pon this question so vitally
affecting the restoration of the l r nion, and
the permanency of our present form of
government, my convictions heretofore
expressed, have undergone no change ; but,
on the contrary, their correctness has been
confirmed by reflection and time. If the
admission ot h ; ' i-i rs to scats in the
respective hou.-esof Uongtess was wise and
expedient a year ago, it is no less wise and
expedient now. If this anomalous condition
is right now —if. in the exact condition of
these States at the present time, it is lawful
to exclude them from representation. I do
not see that the question wiil be changed by
efflux of time. Ten years hence, if these
States remain as they are, the right of rep
resentation will be no stronger —the light
of exclusion will be no weaker.
The Con.-titution of the United Stales
makes it the duty of the President to rec
ommend to the consideration of Congress
"such measures as he shall judge necessary
or expedient." I know of no measure
more imperatively demanded by every con
sideration of national iuterest, sound policy,
and equal justice, than the admission of
loyal members from the now unrepresented
States. This wouid consummate the work
of restoration, and exeit a most salutary in
tlueueo in the re-establishment ol peace,
harmony and fraternal feeling. It would
tend greatly to renew the confidence of the
American people in the vigor and stability
of their institutions. It would bind us
more closely together as a nation, and enable
us to show to the world the inherent and
recuperative power of a Government found
ed upon the will of the people, and estab
lished upon the principles of liberty, justice
and intelligence. Our increased strength
aud inLau.-uJ prolhority would iriefragably
demonstrate the laliacy of the arguments
against free institutions drawn from our
recent national disorders by the enemies of
republican government. The admi.--ion of
loyal members from the States now excluded
from Congress, by afiayiug doubt and appre
hen-ion, would turn capital, now awaiting
an opportunity for investment, into the
chaunels of trade aud industry. It would
alleviate the present troubled condition of
those States, and by inducing emigration
aid in the settlement of fertile regions now
uncultivated, aud lead to an increased pro
duction of those staphs which have added
so greatly to the wealth of" the nation and
the commerce of the world. New fields of
enterprise would be opened to our progres
sive people, and soon ilie devastations of
war would be repaired, and all traces of our
domestic differences effaced from the mind
of our countrymen.
Iu our efforts to preserve "the unity of
government which constitutes us one peo
ple," ly restoring the States to.the condi
tion which they held prior to the rebellion,
we should be cautious lest, having rescued
our nation from perils of threatened disin
tegration, we resort to consolidation, and iu
the end, absolute despotism, a.a re medy
for the recurrence uf similar troubles. The
war having terminated, aud with it all
occasion fur the exert i.-e of powers f doubt
ful constitutionality, we should hasten to
bring legislation within the boundaries
prescribed by tuc Constitution, and to
return to the ancient landmarks established
by our father* for Ibe guidance of succeed
ing general ion.-. "The Constitution, which
at any time exists until changed by an
explicit and authentic act of the whole
people, is sacredly obligatory upou all." "If
in the opinion of the people, the di.-tribu
tion or modification of the constitutional
powers be, in any put t icular, wrong, let it
BEDFORD. Pa.. FRIDAY. DECEMBER 14. 1860.
be corrected by an a mendnient in the way
in which the Constitution designates. But
let thcie be no change by usurpation, for it
is the customary weapon by which free
governments are destroyed." Washington
spake these words to his countrymen, when
followed by their lore and gratitude, he
voluntarily retired from the cares of public
life. "To keep in all things tflthin the pale
of our constitutional powers, and cherish
the Federal Union as the only rock of safety"
were prescribed by Jefferson as rules of
action to endear to his countrymen the true
principles of their Constitution, and pro
mote a union of sentiment and action
equally auspicious to their happiness and
safety. ' Jackson held the action of the
General Government should always strict
ly confined to the sphere of its appropriate
duties, and justly and forcibly urged that
our Government is not to be maintained nor
our Union preserved ''by hfVasions of the
rights and powers of the several States. In
thus attempting to make our Genera! Gov
ernment strong, wo make it weak. Its true
strength consists in leaving individuals and
States as much as possible to themselves ; in
making itself felt; not in its power, but in
its beneficence ; not in its control, but in its
protection ; not in binding the States more
closely to the centre, but leaving each to
move unobstructed in its proper constitu
tional orbit.' These are the teachings of
men whose deeds and services have made
them illustrious, and who, long sinee with
drawn from the scenes of life, have left to
their country the rich legacy of their exam
ple, their wisdom and their patriotism.
Drawing fresh inspiration from their les
sons, let us emulate them in love of country
and respect for the Constitution and laws.
The report of the Secretary of the Treas
ury afloras much information respecting the
revenue and commerce of the country. His
views upon the currency, and with reference
to a proper adjustment of our revenue system
internal as well as impost, are commended
to the careful consideration of Congress. I n
my last annual message I expressed my
general views upon these subjects. I need
now only call attention to the necessity of
carrying into every department of the Gov
ernment a system of" rigid accountability,
thorough retrenchment, and wise economy,
Y\ ith no exceptional nor'unusual expendi
tures. the oppressive burdens of taxation
can be lessened by such a modification of our
revenue laws as will be consistent with the
public faith and the legitimate and necessary
want-of the Government.
Th report presents a much more satisfac
tory condition of our finances than one year
ago the most sanguine could have anticipa
ted. During the fiscal year ending the 30th
June, 1 ?s">s, the last year of the war, the
public debtr was increased $491,902,-537,
and on the 31st of October, 1865, it amoun
ted to $2,740,864,750. On the 31st day of
October 1.866. it had been reduced to $2,551,
310,006, the diminution, during a period of
fourteen months, commencing September 1,
1 '•< >, and ending October 31, 1866, having
been $206, 379,565. In the last annual re
port on the state of the finances it was esti
mated that during the three-quarters of the
'i w 1 iT 1 '"" of June last the
debt wouhl l>< iryiw,.. OX 'I4T I>U
nngthat period, however, . .....
$31,196,387, the receipts ot the year having
been $89,905,905 more, and theexpendi
ture- s2>< '.529,235 less than the estimates.
Nothing could more clearly indicate than
* these statements the extent and availability,
of the national resources, and the rapidity
and safety with which, under our form of
Government, great military and naval e.-tub
lishments can be disbanded, and exjicnses
reduced from a war to a peace footing.
During the fiscal year ending the 30th of
June, 1 806, the receipts were $558,032,620,
and the expenditures #520,750,940, leaving
an available surplus of s37,2*!.f>M>. I >
j estimated that the receipts for the fiscal year
| ending the bOth June, 1867, will Le #475,
; 061,380, and that the expenditures will
i reach the sunt of $316,428, 078, leaving in the
treasury a surplus of #158,038,308. For
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1868. it is
: estimated that the receipts will amount to
I #436,(MX),000. and that the expenditures
will be $350,247,641, showirg an excess of
#85,752,359 in favor of tin Government.
These estimated receipts maybe diminished,
by a reduction of excise and* import duties;
out after all necessary reductions shall have
been made, the revenue of the present and
of following years will doubtless be efficient
to cover all legitimate charges upon the
treasury and leave a large annual surplus to
be opplied to the payment of the principal
of the debt. There seems now to be no good
reason why taxes may not be reduced as the
country advances in population and wealth
and yet the debt be extinguished in the next
quarter of a century.
The report of tbe Secretary of War fur
nishes valuable and important information
in reference to the operations of his depart
ment during the past year. Few volunteers
now remain in the service, and they arc be
ing discharged is rapidly as they cau be re
placed by regular troops. The army has
been promptly paid, carefully provided with
medical treatment, well sheltered and sub
sisted. and is to t>e furnished with breech
loading small arms. The military strength
of the nation has been unimpaired by the
discharge of volunteers, the disposition of
unserviceable or perishable store.-, and tbe
retrenchment of expenditure. Sufficient
will miiitiiiil tv iii Lot any has
been retained, and, from the disbanded vol
unteers standing ready to respond to the
national call, large armies can be rapidly or
ganized, equipped, and concentrated. For
tifications on the coast and frontier have re
ceived, or are being prepared for more
powerful armaments; lake surveys and har
bor and river improvements are iu course ot
energetic prosecution. Preparations have
been made lor the payment of the addi
tional bounties authorized during the recent
session of Congress, under such regulations
as will protect the government from fraud,
and secure to the honorably-discharged so!
dierthe well-earned reward of his faithful-' 1
ness and gallantry. .More than six thou
sand maimed soldiers have received artificial
limbs or other surgical apparatus; and forty
one national cemeteries, containing the re-|
mains of 104,526 soldiers, have already leen
established. The totai estimate of military j
appropriations is 25,205,669.
it is stated in the report of the Secretary
of the Navy that the naval force at this time
consists of two hundred and seventy-eight i
vessels armed with two thousand, three liuu
dred and fifty-one gun -. Of these oneJiun
dred aud fifteen vessels, carrying one I boa- J
sand and twenty-nine guns, are iu oomuiis- ]
sion, distributed chiefly among seven squad- i
tons. The number ot men in the service is
thirteen thousand six hundred. Great a- j
tivity and vigilance have been displayed by
all the squadrons, and their movements I
have been judiciously aud efficiently arranged
in such manner as would best promote Ante j
riean com mere and protect the rights and {
interests of our countrymen abroad.
'The vessels unemployed are undergoing
repairs or are laid ui> until their services
may be required. Most of the iron-clad
fleet is at League Island, in the vicinity of
Philadelphia, a place which, untii decisive
action shall be taken by Congress, was selec
ted by the Secretary of the Navy as the most
eligible location for that e'asa of vessels. It
is important that a suitable public station
should be provided for the iron-clad fleet.
It is iutended that these vesselsshall be in
proper condition for any emergency, and it
is desirable that the till accepting League
Island for naval purposes, which passed the
House of Representatives at its last session
should receive final action at an early period,
in order that there may be a suitable public
station for this class of vessels, as well as a
navy-yard of area sufficient for the wants of
the service on the Delaware river. The
naval pension fund amounts to $11,750,000,
having been increased $2,750,000 during the
year. The expenditures of the department
for the fiscal year ending 30th June last
were $43,324,526, and the estimates for the
coming year amount to $23,568,4:16. At
tention is invilcd_ to the condition of"our
seamen, and the importance of legislative
measures for their relief and improvemen .
The suggestions in behalf of this deservin t g
class of our fellow-citizens are earnestly
recommended to the favorable attention of
Congress.
The report of the Postmaster General
present a most satisfactory condition of the
postal service, and submits recommenda
tions which deserve the consideratioh of
Congress. The revenues of the department
for the year ending June 30, 1866. were sl4,
386,986. and the expenditures $15,352,079,
showing an excess of the latter of $965,093*
In anticipation of this deficiency, however,
a special appropriation was made by Congress
in the act approved July 28, 1866. Inclu
ding the standing appropriation of *700,000
for free mail matter, as a legitimate portion
of the revenues yet remaining unexpended,
the actual deficiency for the past year is only
$265,093 —a sum within $51,141 of the
amount estimated in the annual report of
1864. The decrease of revenue, compared I
with the previous year, was one and one fifth
per cent,, and the increase of expenditures,
owing principally to the enlargement of the
mail service in the South, was twelve per
cent. On the 30th of June last there were
in operation six thousand nine hundred and
thirty mail routes, with an aggregate length
of one hundred and eighty thousand nix hun
dred v.nd twenty-one miles, an aggregate an
nual transportation of seventy cne million
eight hundred and thirty-seven thousand
niuc hundred and fourteen miles, and an ag
gregate annual cost, including all expendi
tures, of $8,410,184. The length Of radroad
routes is thirty two thousand and ninety two
miles, and the annual tran s portatation thirty
million six hundred and nine thousand four
hundred and sixty seven miles. The length
of steamboat routes is fourteen thousand
three hundred and forty six miles, and the
annual transportation three millions four
bundled and eleven thousand uine hundred
and sixty two miles. The mail service is
rapidly increasing throughout the whole
country, and its steady extension in the
Southern States indicates their constantly
improving condition. The growing uipor- I
taneeofthe foreign service also merits at
tention. The J'ost Office Department of
Great Britain and our own have agreed
irj uu a jirelliDTtitirv Irtisls lorn postal conven
w#fFiwrcimnentiy
beneficial to the commercial interests of the
I nited States iu as much as it contemplates
a reduction of the international letter pos
tage to one half the existing rates; a reduc
tion of po.-tage with all other countries to
and fiom which correspondence is trammit
tcd in the Biitish mail, or in dosed mails
through the I nited Kingdom; the establish
ment of unilorm and reasonable charges for
the sea and territorial transit of correspon
dence in closed mails; and an allowance to
each Post Office Department of the right to
use all mail communications established un
der the authority of the other for the des
patch of correspondence, either in open or
closed maiD, a the same terms as those ap-
pi tea hie to the inhabitants of the country
providing the means of transmission.
1 he report of the_ Secretary of the Interior
exhibits the condition of those branches of
the pubiic service which are committed to
his supervision. During the last fiscal year
four millions six hundred and twenty nine
thousand three hundred and twelve acres of
public land were disposed of, one million
eight hvil*dr.'<l anJ nilTCt/ VWV itIUUDdUU live
hundred and sixteen acres of which were en
tered under the homestead act. The policy
originally adopted relative to the public
lands lias undergone essential modifications,
immediate revenue, and not their rapid set
th-mcut, was the cardinal feature of our land
system. Long experience and earnest dis
cussion have resulted in the conviction that
the early development of our agricultural
resources, and the diffusion of an energetic
population over our vast territory, are ob
jects of far greater importance to the national
growth and prosperity than the proceeds of
the sale of the land to the highest bidder in
open market. The pre-emption laws confer
upon the pioneer who complies with the
terms they impose the privilege of purchas
ing a limited portion of "unotfered land" at
the minimum price. The homestead enact
ments relieve the settler from the payment
of purchase money, and secure him a per
manent home, upon the condition of resi
dence for a term of years. This liberal
policy invites emigration from the Old, and
from the more crowded portions of the New
World. Its propitious results are undoub
ted. and will be more signally manifested
when time shall have given to it a wider de
velopment.
Congress liai made liberal grants of public
land to corporations, in aid of the construc
tion of railroads and other internal im
provement.-. Should this policy hereafter
prevail, more stringent provision- wiil be
requited to secure a faithful application of
the fund. The title to the lands should not
pass, by patent or otherwise, but remain in
the Government and subject to its control
until some portion of the road ba been
actually built. Portions of them might then
from time to time, he couveyed to the cor
poration, but never in a greater ratio to the
whole quantity embraced by the grant than
the completed parts bear to the entire length
ot the projected improvement. The restric
tion would not operate to the prejudice of
any undertaking conceived in good faith and
executed with reasonable energy, as it is the
settled practice to withdraw from market
the lauds failing within the operation of
such grauts, ami thus to exclude the incep
tion of a subsequent adverse right. A
breech of the conditions which Congress may
deem proper to impose should work a forfei
ture of claim to the lauds so withdrawn but
uneonveyed, aud of title to the lands con
veyed which remain unsold.
Operations ou the several iiuos of the
Pacific railroad have been prosecuted with
unexampled vigor aud success. Should no
unforeseen causes of delay occur, it is confi
dently anticipated that this great thorough
fare will be completed before the expiration
of the period designated by Congress.
During the la. t fiscal year the amount
paid to pensioners, including the expenses
of disbursement, was thirteen million four
hundred and fiftynioc thousand nine hun
dred and ninety-six dollar.-; and filly thou
sand one bundled and scventyscvcn names
VOLUME 39; >0 52.
were added to the pension rolls. TLe entire
number of pensioners, June 30, 1866, was
one hundred and twenty six thousand seven
hundred and twenty two. This act fur
nishes melancholy and striking proof of the
sacrifices made to viodicate the constitutional
autbority of the Federal Government, and to
maintain inviolate the integrity of the", Union.
They impose upon us corresponding' obliga
tions. It is estimated that thirty three mil
lion dollars will be renuired to meet the exi
gencies of this branch of the service during
the next fiscal year.
Treaties have Lcen concluded with the
Indians who, enticed into armed opposition
to our Government at the outbreak of the
rebellion, have unconditionally submitted to
our authority, and manifested an earnest
desire for a renewal of friendly relations.
During the year ending September 30,
1866, eight thousand seven hundred and
sixteen patents for useful inventions and
designs were issued, and at that data the
balance in the treasury to the credit of the
patent fund was two hundred and twenty
eight thousandjtwo liuudred and ninetyscven
dollars.
As a subject upon which depends an im
mense amount of the production and com
merce of the country, I recommend to
Congress such legislation as may be neces
sary for the preservation of the levees of the
Mississippi river. It is a matter of national
importance that early steps should be taken,
not only' to add to the efficiency of these
barriers against destructive inundations, but
for the removal of all obstructions to the
free and sale navigation of that great chan
nel of trade and commerce.
The District of Columbia, under existing
laws, is not entitled to that representation
in the nationol councils which, from our
earliest history, has been uniformly accorded
to each Territory established from time to
time uithin our limits. It maintains pecu
liar relations to Congress, to whom the Con
stitution lias granted the power of exercising
exclusive legislation over the seat of Gov
ernment. Our f'ellow-citizeos residing in
the District, whose interests are thus confi
ded to the special guardian-hip of Congress,
exceed in number the population of several
of our Territories, and no just reason is per
ceived why a delagate of their choice should
not be admitted to a seat in the House of
Representatives. No mode seems so appro
priate and effectual of enabling them to
make known their peculiar condition and
wants, and of securing the local legislation
adapted to them. I therefore recommend
the pa-.-age of a law authorizing the electors
of the District of Columbia to choose a del
agate to be allowed the same lights and
privileges as a delegate representing a Ter
ritory. The increasing enterprise and rapid
progress of improvement in the District are
highly gratifying, and I trust that the efforts
of the municipal authorities to promote the
prosperity of the national metropolis will
receive the efficient and generous co-opera
tion of CoDgress.
The report of the Commissioner of Agri
culture reviews the operations of his depart
ment during the past year, and ad*.* tLc aid
of Congress in its efforts to encourage those
States which, scourged by war, arc now
earnestly engaged in the reorganization of
domestic industry.
It is a subject of congratulation that no
foreign combinations against our domestic
peace and safety, or our legitimate influence
S among the nations, have been formed or at
tempted. bile sentiments of reconcilia
tion. loyalty, aud patriotism have increased
at home, a more just consideration of onr
national character and rights has been mani
fested by foreign nations.
The entire success of the Atlantic tele
graph, between the coa.-t of Ireland and the
province of Newfoundland is an achievement
which has been justly celebrated in both
hemispheres as the opening of aa era in the
progress of civilization. There is reason to
expect that equal success will attend, and
even greater results follow, the enterprise
for connecting the two continents through
the Pacific Ocean by the projected line of
telegraph between KamscLatka and the
Russian possessions in America.
The resolution of Congress protesting
against pardons by foreign governments of
persons convicted of infamous offences, on
condition of emigration to our country, has
which we maintain intercourse, and the prac
tice, so justly the subject of complaint on our
part, has not been renewed.
The congratulations of Congress to the
Emperor of Russia upon his escape from
attempted assasination, have been presented
to that humane and enlightened ruler, and
received by him with expressions of grate
ful appreciation.
The Executive, warned of an attempt by
Spanish-American adventurers to induce the
emigration offreedinen of the United States
to a foreign country, protested against the
project as one which, it consummated, would
reduce them to a bondage even more op
pressive than that from which they have
just been relieved. Assurance has been re
ceived from the government of the State in
which the plan was matured that the pro
ceeding will meet neither its encouragement
nor approval. It is a question worthy ot
your consideration whether our laws upon
this subject are adequate to the prevention
or punishment of the crime thus meditated.
In the month of April last, as Congress is
aware, a friendly arrangement was r. ade
between the Emperor of l'ran<?o wJ tho
President of the I in ted Suites for the with
drawal from Mexico of the French
expeditionary military forces. This
withdrawal was to be effected in
three detachments, the first of which
it was understood, would leave Mexico in
November, now past, the second in March
next, and the third and last in November.
1867. Immediately upon the completion of
the evacuation the French Government was
to assume the same attitude of non-inter
vention in regard to Mexico as is held by the
Government of the United States. Repeat
ed assurances have been given by the Ern
| peror since that agreemeut that he would
complete the promised evacuation within the
period mentioned, or sooner.
It was reasonably expected that the pro
ceedings thus contemplated would produce
a crisis of great political interest in the Re
public of Mexico. The newly appointed
minister of the United States, Mr. Camp
bell, was therefore sent forward, on the 9th
day ot November last, to assume his proper
functions as Minister Plenipotentiary of the
United States to that Republic. It was also
thought expedient that he should beettend
ed iu the vicinity of Mexico by the lieuten
ant general of the army of the United
States, with the view of obtaining such in
formation as might be important to deter
mine the course to be pursued by the United
States iu re establishingaud maintain, nec
essary and proper intercourse with ne Re
public of Mexico. Deeply interested in the
cause of iibectyand humanity, it secuied an
obvious duty on our pait to exercise what
ever influence we possessed for the restora
tion and permanent establishment iu that
country of a domestic and republican form
of government.
Such was the condition of affairs in regard
to Mexico when, ou the of
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last, official information was teceived from
Paris that the Emperor of France had some
time before decided not to withdraw a de
tachment of his forces in the month of No
vember past, according to engagement, but
that this decision was made with the pur
pose of withdrawing the whole of those for
ces in the ensuing spring. Of this determi
nation, however, tne United States had not
received any notice or intimation ; and, so
soon as the information was received by the
Government, care was taken to make known
its dissent to the Emperor of France.
I cannot forego the hope that France will
reconsider the subject, and adopt some res
olution in re card to the evacuation of Mexi
-1 eo which will conform as nearly as practica
| ble with the existing engagement, and thus
meet the .just expectations of the United
I States. The papers relating to the subject
i will be laid before you. It is believed that
[ with the evacuation of Mexico by the expe
ditionary forces no subject tor serious differ
ences between France and the United States
I would remain. The expressions of the Em
j peror and people of France warrant a hope
that the traditionary friendship between the
i two countries might in that case be renewed
I and permanently restored.
A claim of a citizen ol the United States
for indemnity for spoliations committed on
the high soas by the French authorities, in
the exercise of a belligerent power against
Mexico, has been met bv the Government
! of F ranee with a proposition to defer settle
ment until a mutual convention for the
adjustment of all claims of citizens, and sub
jects of both countries, arising out of the
re ent wars on this continent, shall be agreed
upon by the two countries. The suggestion
is not deemed unreasonable, but it belongs
to Congress to direct the manner in which
claims for indemnity bv foreigners, as well
as by citizens of the United States, arising
out of the late c-ivii war, shall be adjudicated
and determined. I have no doubt that the
subject of all such claims will engage your
attention at a convenient and proper time.
Tt is a matter of regret that DO considerable
advance has been made toward an adjustment
of the differences between the United States
and Great Britain, arising out of the depre
dations upon our national commerce and
other trespasses committed daring our civil
war by British -subjects, iu violation of
international law and treaty obligations.
The delay, however, may be believed to have
resulted in no small degree from the domestic
situation of Great An entire
change of ministry occurred in that country
during the last session of Parliament. The
attention of the new ministry was called to
the subject at an early dayi and there is some
reason to expect that it will now be considered
in a becoming and friendly spirit. The
importance of an early disposition of the
question cannot be exaggerated. \\ hatever
might be the wi-Les of the two governments,
it is manifest that good will and friendship
between the two countries cannot be estab
lished until a reciprocity in the practice of
good faith and neutrality shall be restored
between the respective nations.
On the 6th of June last, in violation of
our neutrality laws, a military expedition
and enterprise against the British North
American Colonies, was projected and
attempted to be carried on within the terri
tory and jurisdiction of the United States.
In obedience to the obligation imposed upon
the Executive by the Constitution, to see
that the laws are faithfully executed, all
citizens were warned by proclamation against
taking part in or aiding such unlawful pro
ceedings, and the proper civil, military, aud
naval officers were directed to take all neces
sary measures for the enforcement [of the
aw?. Ihe expedition failed, but it has not
been without its painful consequences,
borne of our citizens, who, it was alleged,
were eugaged in the expedition, were cap
tured, and have been brought to trial, as for
a capital offence, in the Province of Canada.
Judgment and sentence of death have been
pronounced against some, while others have
been acquitted. 1 ully believing in the maxim
of government, that severity of civil punish
ment for misguided persons who have
engaged in revolutionary attempts which
have disastrously failed is unsound and
unwise, such representations have been made
to the British Government, in behalf of the
ebrip'feTieh'Sn?rri utttak' ;i"Wi£Uri. , ai?qAfey l L-Vj
hoped, induce in their cases an exercise of
clemency, and a judicious amnesty to all who
were engaged in the movement. Counsel
has been employed by the Government to
defend citizens of the United States on trial
for capital offences in Canada; and a discon
tinuance of the prosecutions which were
instituted in the courts of the United States
against those who took part in the expedi
tion has been directed.
I have regarded the expedition as not only
political in its nature, but as also in a great
measure foreign from the United States in
its causes, character, and objects. The
attempt was understood to be made in sym
pathy with an insurgent party in Ireland,
and, by .-triking at a British province on
this continent, was designed to aid in
obtaining redress for political grievances
which, it was a—unied, the people of Ireland
had suffered at the hands of the British
Government during a period of several
centuries. The persons engaged in it were
chiefly natives of that country, some of
whom had, while others had not, become
citizens of the United States under our
general laws of naturalization. Complaints
of mi-government in Ireland continually
engage the attention of the British nation,
and so great an agitation is now prevailing
in Ireland that the British Government have
deemed it necessary to suspend the writ of
habeas corpus in that couutry. These
circumstances must necessarily modify the
opinion which we might otherwise have
entertained in regard to an expedition
expressly prohibited by our neutrality laws.
80 long as those laws remain upon our statute
book- they should be faithfully executed,
and if they operate harshly, unjustly or
oppressively, Congress alone can apply the
remedy, bv their modification or repeal.
Political aud commercial interests of the
United States arc not unlikely to beatfeeted
in some degree by events which are transpir
ing in the eastern regions of Europe, and
the time seems to have come when our
Government ou.ht to have a proper diplo
matic representation in Greece.
This Government has claimed for nil
persons not convicted, or accused, or suspec
ted of crime, au absolute political right of
self-ex patriot ion, and a choice of new naf tonal
allegiance. Most of the European States
have dissented from this principle, and have
claimed a right to hold such of their sub
ject- as have immigrated to and been natu
ralized in the United States, and afterward
returned on trau.-icnt visits to their native
countries, to the performance of military
se-rvicc in like mauner as resident subjects.
Complaints .1 rising Jjaun the claim in this
respect made by fcragn States hare hereto
fore been matters of controversy between
the United States and some of the Europoan
Powers, and the irritation consequent uj>on
the failure to settle this question increased a
daring the War in which Prussia, Italy. nnJJ|
{COM l l'l>l'.l> ON Kit KTH PAQS.| iJ