3k# rtnonitn
IS PUBLISHED
FA 7 ERY FRIDAY MORN TNG,
BY
J. K. DURBOHBtH AND JO HA LITZ,
ON
JULIANA St., Opposicethc Mengel House
BEDFOKD, PENN'A.
TERMS:
s2*oo a year if paid strictly in advance.
11 l>i<l within six months 82.50.
If not paid within the year *3.00.
tofeagiogai & tiatig.
ATTOKSEYS AT LAW.
j* M'l. SHARPS r. sEsrt.
SHARP A KERB,
A TTORNE YB~A T-LA IT.
Will practice in tbe Courts of Bedford and ad
joining counties. All business entrusted to their
care will receive careful and prompt attention.
Pensions, Bounty, Back Pay, 4c., speedily col
lected front the Government.
Office on Juliana street, opposite the banking
house of Reed & Sehcll, Bedford, Pa. :nar2:tf
J NO. H. FLLLRBR _ J. T. KEAGY.
THLLER A KEAGY'
A Have formed a partnership in the practice of
the law. Attention paid to Pensions, Bounties
aud Claims against the Government.
Office on Juliana street, formerly occupied by
lion. A. King. aprll:'6s-*ly.
TOMS I'AIJIKU.
Attorney at Law. Bedford, Pa,.
Will promptly attend to all business entrusted to
his care.
Particular attention paid to the collection
of Military claims. Office on Julianna St.. nearly
opposite the Mengel House.) june 23, '65.1y
JB. CESSNA,
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Office with JOHN CESSNA, on Pitt St., opposite tbe
Bedford Hotel. All business entrusted to his care
will receive faithful and prompt attention. Mili
tary Claim j, Pensions, Ac., speedily collected.
Bedford, June 9,1865.
J. R. BUT [BORROW JOHS LUTZ.
DUR BORROW A LUTZ,
A TTOXJYJ3I A T L.IH\
BEBKORIT, PA.,
Will r.ttend promptly to all business intrusted to
their care. Collections made on "the shortest no
tice.
T hey arc, also, regularly licensed Claim Agents
an J will give special attention to the prosecution
of claims against the Government for Pensions,
B ack Pay, Bounty, Bounty Lands, Ac.
Office on Juliana street, one door South of the
•Mengel House" and nearly opposite the Inquirer
office. April 28, 1865:t
IASPY M. ALSITj
Ll ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA.,
Will faithfully and promptly attend to all busi
ness entrusted to his care in Bedford and adjoin
ing counties. Military claims, Pensions, back
pay, Bounty, Ac. speedily collected. Office with
Mann A Spang, on Juliana street, 2 doors south
of the Mengel House. apl 1, 1864.—tf.
M. A. POINTS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA.
Respectfully tenders his professional services
to the public. Office with J. W. Lingenfelter,
Esq., on Juliana street, two doors South of the
"Mengle House." Dec. 9, iSO4-tf.
KIMMELL AND LINGENFELTER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA.
Have formed a partnership in the practice of
the Law Office on Juliana Street, two doors South
of the Mengel House.
aprl, 1864 —tf.
JOHN MOWER,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
BEDFORD, PA.
April 1,1864.—tf.
DEXTISTS.
tf
C. K. HICKOK J. G. MISSJCH, JR.
DENTISTS, BF.PFORI>. PA.
Office in the Bank Bui!'liny, Juliana Street.
All operations pertaining to Surgical or Me
chanical Dentistry carefully and faithfully per
formed and warranted. TERMS CASH.
janO'6s-ly.
DENTISTRY.
I. N. BOWSER, RESIDENT DENTIST, WOOD
BF.RRY, Pa., visits Bloody ltun three days of each
month, commencing with the second Tuesday of
the month. Prepared to perform all Dental oper
ationf with which ho may be favored. Termt
within the reach of all and strictly cash except by
special contract. Work to be sent by mail oroth
wise, mast be paid for when impressions arc taken.
augs, '64:tf.
PHYSICIAXS.
tITM. w. JAMISON, M. D.,
Y\ BLOODY RUN, PA.,
Respectfully tenders his professional services to
the people of that place and vicinity. [decS:tyr
P~. H. PENNSYL, M. D.,
(late Surgeon 56th P. V. V.)
BLOODY Res, PA.,
Offers his professional services as Physician and
Surgeon to the citizens of Bloody Run and vicin
ity. deeply E*
DR. R. F. HARRY,
Respectfully lenders his professional ser-
Tieee to the citizens of Bodford and vicinity.
Office and residence on Pitt Street, in the building
formerly accupiedby Dr. J. H. Hoiius.
April 1,1864—tf.*
JL. MARBOURG, M. D.,
. Having permanently located respectfully
tenders his pofessional services to the citizens
ofßedlord and vicinity. Office on Juliana street,
opposite the Bank, one door north of Ilall 4 Pal
mer's office. April 1, 1864 —tf.
HOTELS.
BEDFORD HOUSE,
AT HOPEWELL, BEDFORD COT-STY, PA.,
BY HARRY DROLLLNGER.
Every attention given to make guests comfortable,
who stop at this House.
Hopewell, July 29, 1861.
BAffKEltft
6. W. RI7PP O. E. SHANNON P. BENEDICT
RUPP, SHANNON A CO., BANKERS,
BEDFORD, PA.
BANK OF DISCOUNT AND DEPOSIT.
COLLECTIONS made- for the East, West, North
and South, and the general business of Erehange,
transacted. Notes and Accounts Collected and
Remittances promptly made. REAL ESTATE
bought and sold. apr.15,'64-tf.
JFWELER, Are.
JOHN REIMUND,
CLOCK AND WATCH-MAKER,
in the United States Telcpraph Office,
BEDFORD, PA.
Clocks, watches, and nil kinds of jewelry
promptly repaired. All work entrusted to his care
warranted to give entire satisfaction. [nov3-lyr
DANIEL BORDER,
PITT STREET, TWO DOORS WEST OP THE BED
FORD HOTEL, BEBFORD, PA.
TCIIMAKER AND DEALER TN JEWEL
RY, SPECTACLES. AC.
lie keeps on hanti a stock of fine Gold and Sil
ver Watches, Spectacles of Brilliant Double Refin
ed Glasses, also Scotch Pebble Glasses. Gold
Watch Chains, Breast Pins, Finger Rings, best
quality of Gold Pens. Ho will supply to order
any thing in his line not on hand,
apr. 28, 1865—zz.
JUSTICES OF TIIE PEACE.
JOHN MAJOR,
JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, HOFEWELL,
BEDFORD COI NTT. Collections and all business
liertaining to his office will be attended to promp
ly. Will also attend to the sale or renting of rea'
estate Instruments of writing carefully prepar
ed. Also settling up partnerships and other ac
counts. Ap l '6l—(j.
Q YES! O TES!
/ The subscriber having taken out Auctioneer's
License tenders his services to all those who de
sire an auctioneer. All letters addressed to him
at Bedford will reach him, and receive prompt at-
TEN "°°- , TL „ MARTIN MILLBVRN.
Bedford, Pa., March 2:3 m.
PFRBQRROW & LITZ Editors and Proprietors. BEDFORD, Pa.. FRIDAY, MARCH 30. 1866. VOLUME 30; 50 13
¥otlrg.
THE IVY GREEN.
BY CHARLES DICKENS.
Oh, a dainty plant is the Ivy Green,
That creepeth o'er ruins old!
Of right choice food are his meals. I ween,
In his cell so lone and cold.
The wall must be crumbled,the stones decayed,
To pleasure his dainty whim;
And the mouldering dust that years have made,
Is a merry meal for him.
Creeping where no life is seen,
A rare old plant is the Ivy Green.
Fast he stealeth, though he has no wings,
And a staunch old heart has he;
How closely he twlneth, how closely he clings
To his friend, the huge Oak Tree;
And slyly he traileth along the ground,
And his leaves he gently waves,
As he joyously hugs and crawleth round
The mould of dead men's graves,
Creeping where grim death has been,
A rare old plant is the Ivy Green.
Whole ages have fled, and their works decayed,
And nations have scattered been;
But the stout old Ivy shall never fade
From its hale and hearty green.
The brave old plant, in its lonely days,
Shall fatten upon the past;
For the stateliest building man can raise,
Is the Ivy's food at last.
Creeping where no life is seen,
A rare old plant is the Ivy green.
HEART-DEATHS,
RY EDNA DEAN PROCTOR.
Hearts oft die bitter deaths before
The breath is breathed away,
Aid number weary twilights o'er,
Ere the last evening gray.
I've sometimes looked on closed eyes,
And folded hands of snow,
Aud said, "Itwas no sacrifice;
The heart went long ago."
O blessed Death, that makes our bed
Beneath the daisies deep!
O mocking Life, when hearts have fled,
And eyes must watch and weep!
faUtol
GENERAL JOHN W. GEARY.
John W. Geary was born in Westmore
land county, Pa., and although now only
forty-six years of age. has already won a
lasting fame by his adherence to the cause
of right and duty, in the different parts of
our country in which he has been placed,
in civil, military, judicial aud executive po
sitions.
Having lost his father very early in life,
he was thrown upon his own resources, and
not only supported himself, but became the
only stay of nis widowed mother, by teach
ing a village school; during which time he
also, by persevering industry and commend
able economy, acquired means to procure a
classical education, which he completed at
Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, va., crea
ting life-Ion"; friends among professors and
classmates, by the same exhibition of those
same sterling qualities that have since en
deared him to so many others in social and
in public life.
Having finished his collegiate education
he assumed the profession of a civil engin
eer, in the practice of which he went to
Kentucky, partly in the employ of the Com
monwealth, and partly ; .n that of the Green
River Railroad Company; and was engaged
in the survey of several very- important
branches of the public improvements of that
State. After an experience with the Engi
neer Corps, in many of the States, he suc
cessfully filled all the various offices from a
clerkship to the superintendence' of the Al
legheny Poitage Railroad, and during sev
eral years discharged the duties of his res
ponsible positions with complete satisfac
tion.
At a very early date, actuated by his
mathematical abilities, he exhibited a fond
ness for military tactics, and labored strenu
ously by the outlay of time and means to
perfect cur volunteer system. From a pri
vate in the ranks, he rose rapidly through
all the grades to that of Brigadier General,
to which he was elected by tne brigade com
prising Cambria and Somerset counties.
When the war with Mexico was declared,
he was among the first who responded to the
call for volunteers, and was accepted, aioDg
with the "American Highlanders," of Cam
bria county, which splendid company he
then commanded. They were incorporated
in the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, of
which, upon its organization, he was almost
unanimously elected Lieutenant Colonel.
His regiment joined the army of General
Scott at Vera Cruz, and served in the ad
vance under the command, and on the line
of operations, of that great chieftain through
his brilliant campaign in Mexico. Geary was
attached to Gen. Quitman's division, and
distinguished himself in the battles of "La
Hoya, ' "Chapultepec,""Garita de Belen"
and the "City of Mexico." Upon arriving
at the capital, his colonel having died, he
was elected Colonel by a vote of more than
two-thirds of the command. This compli
ment was not the result of mere friendship
or political preference. It was the reward
for his own good conduct from the hands of
the gallant soldiers—the spontaneous and
grateful gift of associates in arms —the brave
men who had fought by his side, shared his
privations, suffering and dangers, and who
witnessed and knew best how to appreciate
his merits.
The war having closed, Col. Geary return
ed with the remnant of his command to his
native State, and the people of Pittsburgh
will long remember the enthusiastic welcome
he received upon his arrival among them.
Hon. William Wilkins, in a public speech,
complemented the services of the gallant,
weather-beaten and war-worn troops, and
the excitement of the universal jubilee ran
tc the highest pitch.
On the 22d of January, 1849, in return
for his services in Mexico, President Polk
appointed Col. Geary postmaster at San
Francisco, which, in consequence of the
then receut discovery of gold in California,
had become a port of considerable import
ance. He was also empowered to create
post offices, appoint postmasters, establish
mail routes, and make contracts for carrying
the mails throughout California. He was
thus placed in tne way of his subsequent
and almost unparallelled success and popu
larity among the heterogeneous population
of the Eureka State.
On the Ist of August, 1849, the munici
pal election of San Francisco took place, and
A LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWSPAPER, DEVOTED TO POLITICS, EDUCATION, LITERATURE AND MORAL S.
although ten different tickets were framed
for the various minor offices, his name ap
peared at the head of them all. and he re
ceived every vote cast that day for the office
of first Alcalde, it being at that time the
most important, responsible and difficult
office in the Stale of California. It required
administrative and executive abilities of the
rarest quality. The population numbered
20,000, almost entirely adult males, drawn
together from every section of the world,
and possessed of every imaginable variety
of'character.
To effect anything like a proper organiza
tion of the city, and establish an ordinary
police force, from the chaotic material and
rebellious spirits that then existed, was of
itself an herculean task. But added to this
the duties of Alcalde embraced those of
every one of the customary offices of a city
and county jurisdiction. He was a Mayor,
Sheriff, Marshal. Probate Recorder, Regis
ter of deeds, and even Notary Public aud
Coroner. He daily held an ordinary police
or mayor's court; an alcalde's court for the
minor cases and general executive matters
of the city; a court of first instance with
universal, civil and criminal jurisdiction ;
and a court of admiralty for maritime cases.
In a word, ho was the curator of the public,
doing everything that was to be done, eveg
to the holding of inquests and taking ac
knowledgment of deeds. And so well did
lie perform all these varied, arduous, com
plicated and difficult duties, that at the ex
piration of his first term he was re-elected
by an almost unanimous vote, the city in
the meantime having more than doubled its
population. During the time of holding
the office of alcalde. Col. Geary tried, as
Judge, over twenty-five hundred civil and
criminal cases, and from his decision not
over a dozen appeals were made, and not
one decision was ever reversed.
Under the old 3lexican laws, Alcaldes had
power to grant away the public lands at
twelve dollars for "fifty vara lots" (2ti yards
square). All American Alcaldes, previous
to Deary.'B time, had availed themselves of
this privilege and disposed of an immense
amount of valuable property at these mere
nominal rates. A resolution, after his elec
tion, was debated by the Ayuntaimiento
(Council) directing the Alcalde to make such
grants at the legal rates. General Geary as
sured them that rather than make such
grants he would relinquish hisoffiee, because
the sudden and unexpected rise of the value
of the lands would enable the Alcalde, if he
were so disposed, to enrich himself and
friends to the public detriment. At the rates
named the lands belonging to the city were
worth only $35,000. A small portion of
these lands were then sold at public auction
and brought luilf a miUion of dollars! This
sum was placed in the city treasury. The
tracts remaining unsold were proportionally
worth several million of dollars! Thus was
this immense sum saved to the city.
On May Ist, 1850, the first city charter
was adopted, and Col. Geary was ele3ted
Mayor under its provisions by a large and
flattering vote. The manner which he dis
charged the duties of this position can best
h : understood from his inaugural address to
the city councils, and numerous subsequent
messages, ail of which are on life, and have
been published, as well as from the fact, that
at the expiration of bis term of pou
tion, numerously signed by the most promi
nent citizens, without distinctions to party,
was presented, requesting him to be a can
didate for re-election, which he declined.
The Legislature, however, having created
a "Board of Commissioners of the funded
of San Francisco," Col. Geary was appoint
ed a member, and upon the organization of
that body was elected its President. Here,
too, by his financial knowledge and judicious
councils and advice, he rendered valuable
service to the city. Besides all this, during
his residence in San Francisco, he was
Chairman of the Board of Health, had as
sisted in the organization of Masonic and
Odd Fellows Lodges, and was in fact instru
mental in establishing comfortable hospitals
for the sick, and was connected with every
benevolent and charitable institution of the
place. He signalized himself by his courage
and intrepidity in arresting the progress of
the great fires, and by the promptness with
which he answered the call of the authorities
of that citv, rendered efficient aid in sup
pressing the squatter riots of Sacramento.
In the year 1849, when Col. Geary was a
resident of California, a Convention was
formed to frame a State Constitution, and
some of our readers still remember the in
tense anxiety and excitement which prevail-
Ed throughout the'country regarding the re
sult of its proceedings. The proslavery
Democrats or that time were determined
that California should only he admitted into
the Union as a slave State, and for the sole
purpose of exerting their influence in that
behalf, many removed from the Southern
States to that distant region. The plan was
well conceived, and intended at all hazards
to be accomplished, to insert the slavery
clause into the Constitution, and forward it
with hot haste to Washington for aioption
without presenting it the people for ratifica
tion. Col. Geary was thorouglily acquaint
ed with the programme, and resolved that
the proposed measures should not be effect
ed. He accordingly took strong grounds a
gainst them, and used all his influence,
which was the equal, at least, to that of any
man in the teriitoiy, first to have omitted
the clause legalizing slavery, and secondly
to prevent the Constitution, from being sent
to Congress until after it should be submit
ted to a vote of the people and had received
their approval. No man could have labor
ed more earnestly and successfully than he
did to effect these two objects, both of which
after a most terrible struggle, were accom
plished, and California was received, free
from the stain of slavery, into the Union of
States. It is not too much to say that had
it not been for the active part taken by Col.
Geary against the pro-slavery party then in
California, this result might not have been
accomplished.
Private affairs of great t importance re
quiring his presence in "Pennsylvania, Col.
Geary left San Francisco in February, 1852,
and repaired to his farm in Westmoreland
county, where he remained until again call
ed into active public life, through his ap
pointment, by President Pierce, as Gover
nor of Kansas Territory, which appoint
ment, without the usual reference to a com
mittee, was confirmed by a unanimous vote
of the Senate.
He received notice of this appointment
in July, 1856, and having delayed only long
enough to receive his instructions and make
the necessary arrangements, he proceeded
to Kansas, reaching Fort Leavenworth on
the 9th of September following.
No pen can adequately describe the tena
ble condition of the territory at the time of
his arrival. The scenes he had witnessed
in California were being re-enacted, with
horrors greatly intensified. Civil war
was raging with more than fiendish ferocity;
and all on account of slavery. Men were
flocking from all parts of the South, of des
perate character, with passions inflamed to
the highest pitch, and with (he express and
avowed purpose of making Kansas a slave
State by any means, however fair or foul!
And those again were resisted by actual set-
i
tiers and new comers from the frei States,
equally as determined, though not jo brutal
and ferocious. The fiercest passioJ* of hu
,man nature, with all their dreadftf conse
quences, were visible on every liajn. The
smoke of burning buildings blaekeped the
air; fields of grain were laid waste ajid deso
late; women and children were drivdi starv
ing and naked from their homes to parish
on the deslate praires; and tbe deaj bodies
of murdered men were strewn along |he way
side. Chaos reigned supreme—pandemon
ium had poured Forth its demons arp crime,
in all its most hideous forms, ran iampact
through the. land. . j
Such was tha gloomy prospect tlat pre
sented itself to the new Governor, a man
of less nerve would have looked upon it with
amazement, and with dismay fled ffom the
scene, as did two of his predecessors, and
many others. But Gov. Geary wis not the
man to be easily intimidated. Hehad pass
ed already through many a fiery ordeal. He
took in at a glance the entire Aviation.
From this dismal chaos; from this feell of
discord; from all this terrific ani confused
mass of conflicting passions, he was expect
ed to produce order, peace anc harmony.
He faltered not, however, but iuckled on
his armor, and in good earnes applied him
self to the difficult task. Aud sc earnestly
and effectually did he devote himself to the
work, that as early as September :30th, he
was enabled truthfully to write to he Seer' -
tary of State, saying: "Peace now reigns in
Kansas. Confidence is gradually ht restored.
Settlers are returning to their clains. Citi
zens are resuming their ordinant pursuits,
and a general gladnessprevades he commu
nity." He had arrested criminals, driven
brigands from the roads, disarmed and dis
banded invading armies, and insured pro
tection to all peaceable citizens!
But this state of tranquility, thus effect
ed, was precisely the reverse of what the
proslaverjiparty in Kansas and the adminis
trationat Washington desired. Gov. Geary's
course, instead of receiving their approval,
met their decided condemnation. It was
intended that the agitation and excitement
should continue until the Free State men
were either annihilated or driven from the
Territory, and the pro-slavery party oouid
have everything in their own hands. Hence
the Governor's reports to Washington were
coldly received, and if answered at all, as
coldly answered. There was no mistaking
the tenor and spiritof their communications.
In the meantime the leading ruffians were
becoming more and more emboldened by the
encouragement they received from the seat
of the General Government. At the Le
compton post-office, the Governor's letters
and papers, both private and official, were
opened and their contents scrutinized. The
few troops that had been left to guard his
person and official documents, were gradu
ally removed by order of Jeff. Davis, then
Secretary of War. Pro-slavery murderers
whom he had caused to be arrested, were
liberated by order of' Chief J ustioe Leeompte
and public meetings were held in which he
was denounced as an Abolitionist for refus
ing to give his sanction and assistance to the
vile plots to force the institution of slavery
npon an unwilling people. One villain, act
uated and aided by others less bold, was
foiled in an attempt to assassinate him on
jbia <l©|>rtixrc. iiorxx t.K-c
and almost in sight of the members there
assembled.
To crown all, the pro-slavery men of all
parties, the great majority, however, being
old line Whigs, mostly from the South, met
together in convention at Leeompton, and
organized the "National Democratic Tarty. "
There was much discussion in regard to the
adoption of this name, the leading men of
the convention declaring that they could not
swallow the word '''Democrat,'' having been
lifelong "Whigs." But this objection was
overruled, by the argument that the name
would not change positions, while it would
assure them the support of "the Washing
ton Democracy." The platform of the
National Democratic Party," thus adopted,
is clearly expressed in the following unani
mous resolution ofits Legislature:
"WHEREAS, We believe that on the suc
cess of our party depends the perpetuity of
the Union; therefore.
Be it resolved, By the House of Represent
atives. the Council concurring therein, that
it is the duty of the pro-slavery party, the
Union loving men of Kansas Territory, to
know but one issue, slavery, and that any
party making or attempting to make any
other, is, and should be held, as an ally of
abolition and disunion.
In earning out this doctrine, all the Free
State Democrats were excluded from Mem
bership with the "National Democratic
party, not one of them being received into
fellowship or allowed to take part in its pro
ceedings. This platform was indorse! by
the Democrats at Washington at that tjne,
and was subsequently adopted and carried
out. by the President to the full measure of
perfection. So far as he had the power he
ostracised all Free State Democrats, no mat
ter how long or how faithfully they had
served the party.
The "National Democratic Party" being
thus organized, the next movement was to
commit Governor Geary to its policy, Ac
cordingly. the Chairman of the Central Com
mittee called upon the Governor, with the
assurance that if he would connect himself
with the party he should be one of the two
L nited States Senators soon to be chosen.
The Chairman urged the matter with such
determined pertinacity that Governor Geary
ordered him out of his office, and declared
that if he should dare again approach him
with so vile an offer ho would toss iirn
through the window.
Soon after these proceedings a Consttu
tion, known as the "Leeompton Const.tu
tion," was received in Kansas by the "Na
tional Democratic Party,' direct from
Washington, where it had been carefully
prepared, and agreeably to the directions ac
companying it, an attempt was made to
have it adopted by an improvised convei
tion and returned to Washington in
the shortest possible time, regardless
of the known wishes of the people. An act
of the Legislature to this effect was im
mediately passed, which was vetoed by
Governor Geary, for several reasons, the
most prominent of which were, that no pro
vision was made for submitting the Constitu
tion to the people for ratification, and that
he was satisfied that a large majority of the
actual residents of the territory were decided
ly and strongly opposed to the institution of
slavery, which the Constitution was intended
to force upon them.
This having occurred after the election of
Buchanan, but before his inauguration,
Governnr Geary addressed him letters sta
ting the true condition of affairs; but receiv
ed no reply. He did, however, receive
positive evidence, from other sources, that
the newly elected President had ahandoued
the true Democratic principles and adpptnd |
the platform of the " National Democracy|
Henec, Governor Geary resolved at once 1
not to hold an office under his administra- i
tion, and on the day he was installed in the !
Presidential chair, wrote and forwarded his
resignation as Governor of Kansas. On the
10th of March, 1857, he left the territory, j
and again returned to the quietude of private
| life. Had Governor Geary been sustained
in his honest and manly course, in Kansas,
by the administration at Washington, there
is reason to believe the destructive war
through which we have just passed, and was
then foreshadowed, and even threatened,
might never have occurred, and the hun
dreds of thousand of brave soldiers who
now sleep the sleep of death, would be living
to bless with their presence the homes made
so sadly desolate. N
Although Governor Geary thus refused j
all connection or fellowship with the "Na- i
tional Democratic Party, ' he persisted in j
adh :ring to the doctrine he advocated in I
California sixteen years ago; and still more
recently in Kasas that the institution of
slavery should not be forced upon an unwill
ing people, and never hesitated to express
his disapprobation of the institution in all
its forms, sentiments which have since form
ed the basis of the Union Republican plat
form. Hence, after he associated himself
with the party that sustained Stephen A.
Douglas, which was greatly instrumental in
breakining up the pro-slavery faction, and ef
fecting the election of Abraham Lincoln to
the Presidency, a result which he foresaw
and was desirous of having accomplished.
No sooner was the result of that election
known, than plans were being adopted by
the "National Democracy" to fulfill their
oft reiterated threat to destroy the Union.
Consequently, when after the inauguration
of Mr. Lincoln, a war against rebellion be
came inevitable; Governor Geary was again
among the first to offer his military services
to the government. He raised and equipped
at his own expense, the Twenty eighth regi
ment of Pennsylvania volunteers, of which
he took the command. With this splendid
regiment, numbering over sixteen hundred
men, he entered the field in July, 1861, and
continued in active service during the entire
four years of the war, with tbe exception of
twenty-eight days and when he was incapa
citated for duty by wounds received in bat
tle.
For meritorious deeds he was promoted to
the rank of Brigadier General on the 25th
of April, JBG2, and Breveted Major General
January 12th, 1865, "for the fitness to com
mand and promptness to execute."
From reports filed in the office of the Sec
retary of War, it appears that during his
term of service General Geary was engaged
in over fifty hotly contested battles and im
portant skirmishes, besides many others of
lesser note. Among these engagements may
be especially named that of "Bolivar
■Heights," "Cedar Mountain." the three
days, fight at Chancellorsville, the struggle
at Gettysburg, which also lasted three days.
and resulted iu driving back the enemy from
the soil of Pennsylvania. "Wauhatchie,"
"Lookout Mountain," "Mission Ridge,"
"Ringgold," "Triano." Mill Creek and
Snake Creek Gaps," "Resacu. ' (two days.)
"New Hope Church" (seven days), "Mud
dy Creek," "Nose's Creek," 'Kulp'sFarm.
"Kenesaw," "Pine Hill," "Marietta,
"Peach Tree Ureek, ' siege and capture of
Atlanta (twenty days), siege of Savannah
(ten day), which was captured by his divis
ion ten hours before any other troops reach
ed that city, as was also Fort Jackson, both
of which places were rurrendered in person
to General Geary. In this capture three
hundred and fifty prisoners, one hundred
and fourteen pieces of artillery, thirty-eight
thousand five hundred bales of cotton and
live ocean steamers, with an immense variety
of ammunition and other stores, fell into the
hands of the victors.
Upon the capture of Savannah General
Geary was appointed by Major General
Sherman its Military Governor, which posi
tion he tilled with signal credit to himself
until he was relieved, that he might accom
pany the triumphant army of Sherman in
its further march through the Carolinas.
In the battle of Bolivar Heights he received
a severe wound in the right knee, and at
Cedar Mountain he was slightly wounded in
the left ankle, and seriously through the el
bow joint of the left arm. He was also
struck in the right breast and severely injur
ed by the fragment of a shell at Chaneellors
ville. His two sons accompained him to
the field, the eldest of whom, a young man
of eighteen years, who had advanced him
self by sterling ability to the command of a
battery, with the rank of Captain, and gave
promise of the utmost eapacity and useful
ness, was killed at the battle of Wauhatchie.
"At the time that he fell," says an eloquent
writer, "he was acting as Lieutenant 01 one
section of Knapp's Battery. As an artillerist
he had no superior in the army. His gun
was his pride. He was always besides her,
and his aim was unerring. At this battle
about twelve hundred and fifty men, under
| command of Gen. Geary, were attacked from
an eminence, by five thousand of the enemy,
at twelve o'clock at night The unequal
tight was gallantly accepted, and though the
command was at first throw n into some dis
order, they speedily rallied, and not only
repulsed, but drove from the field the
vastly superior numbers of the enemy. In
the hottest of the fight—in the act of sight
ing his gun, his forehead pierced with a
bullet, yoring Geary fell, and instantly ex
pired. His father,coming to the spot, clasp
ed in an agonizing embrace the lifeless form
of his boy-—then, mounting his horse, dash
ed wildly into the thickest ranks of the foe,
and rode like an avenging spirit over that
bloody field, until the enemy were utterly
routed and put to flight.'' This General
Hooker pronounces the most gallant and
successful charge that has come to his
knowledge during the war.
In his official report of this battle Gen.
Ilooker sayt: "During these operations a
heavy musketry fire, with rapid discharges
of artillery, continued to reach us
Geary. It was evident that a formiable ad
versary had gathered around him and that
he was battering him witji all his might.
For almost three hours, without assistance,
be repelled the repeated attacks of vastly
ruperior numbers, and, in the end, drove
thorn ingloriously from the field. At one time
they had enveloped him on three sides, un
der circumstan es that would have dismay
ed any officer except one endowed with an
iron will and the most exalted courage."
Such is the character of General Geary!
Pittsburgh Gazette.
SPEECH OP GENERAL BANKS.— The
Washington correspondent of the New York
Tribune sax A that the late speech of General
Dunks upon the bill appropriating SIOO,OOO
for the Paris Exhibition "was, by general
admission the finest and most successful
speech of the season. The entire House
was captivated and riveted to the closest at
tention. Several times members joined the
galleries iri applause, and when his hour had
expired, Mr. Conkling expressed the univer
sal wish that he might proceed, on the
ground, as he stated, that the House had
,-eldom a chance to listen to such speeches.
At its close General Banks was enthusiasti
oallv congratulated from all quarters of the
House."'
"I want to buy a sewing machine," said
an old lady, entering a shop," "Do yon
wish for a machine with a feller ?" inquired
the clerk. "Sakes, no; don't want any of
vour fellows about me."
GENERAL, NEWS.
THE assistant commissioner of freedmen
for the State of South Carolina informs
Major General Howard that the people in
that State are very jubilant over the veto,
and are becoming more bitter and outspo
ken every day. .Many northern capitalists
are returning home in despair, or are await
ing something definite as to the policy to be
pursued.
THE caucus of Republican Senators held
on Monday night, instructed the Republi
can Senatorial members of the Reconstruct
tion Committee to frame a Constitutional
amendment on the subject of the baas of
representation in Congress that will harmo
nize the votes of the Republican members
of both Houses.
JUT>GE KELLY has received a letter from
Governor Brownlow, in which he "talks
out in meeting'' concerning certain men and
measures. The Parson thinks the only
true friends loyal Tennesseans have to rely
upon are the Radical men in the Thirty-t
ninth Congress.
REPORTS of outrages, murder and whip
ping of freedmen continue to be made to
General Howard. The agents of the Gov
ernment, however, quickly mete out justice
in such cases, and the guilty offenders re
ceive merited punishment.
GEN. CtrsTAR has arrived in Washington
from Texas. He gives rather a gloomy ac
count of political' affairs in that State.
There is little, if any, loyalty, outside our
lines, and if our troops were withdrawn
there would be none anywhere. Green
backs are but seldom acknowledged to have
any value, and gold and silver are the circu
lating medium. In many places greenbacks
will not buy food or fuel. The idea that
they will ever he paid is seldom entertained.
Matters are daily growing worse.
THE Democratic Convention at New Or
leans has nominated John T. Monroe as
their candidate for Mayor. When General
Butler took New Orleans, this man occu
pied that office, as ho will again after the
next election. This is their way of recon
structing "down South."
Attorney General Speed has now about
completed his report on pardons. It will
appear that from 12,000 to 15,000 rebels
have been pardoned under what is known
as the $20,000 clause, and an equal number
under other exceptions, making in all 25,-
000 to 30,000.
Seventy-five members of the Society of
Friends, from Randolph county, North Car
olina, arrived in Washington on the 14th
en route to Indiaua. They assert that they
Ifwere forced to leave their homes, to escape
from the persecution of ex-soldiers of the
Rebel army. They state that at least one
hundred and fifty more of their persuasion
bouuu for the West, will arrive here in a
few days.
The Committee on Roconstruction have
reported the testimony of General Custar,
who states that he has traveled all over Tex
as, and has found the mass of the people
exceedingly bitter against the government,
more so than five or six months ago. He
mentions, among other facts, that grand ju
ries have, during a few months past, found
five hundred indictments for the murder of
Union men and others, but not one of the
guilty parties has been convieted.
' To Judge Black, of Pennsylvania, Judge
Hughes, of Indiana, and Montgomery
Blair, the authorship of the veto message
is variously assigned. The style differs so
much from that of the speeches which the
President makes as to have excited consider
able comment. One gentleman, speaking
of it remarked, "The President writes well,
but he keeps some low fellow about him to
make his speeches."
Is the country impatient of the spectacle
of a reconstruction of the Union still un
completed? And are the people seeking to
hurry Congress faster than a judicious cir
cumspection will warrant ? Not at all! If,
in the momentous task of reconstruction,
the President was allowed ten months, from
April to December, to achieve a failure,
shall complaint be made of CoDgress be
cause it has not in three months, from De
cember to March, perfected a success?
Moreover the President, during his ten
months, had no Congress opposed to him ;
but Congress during its three months has
had a constant opponent in the President.
Alexandria, Ya., has elected charter offi
cers who were secessionists, by 200 majority.
The Mayor and several other leading func
tionaries are fresh from the rebel army.
They are now vociferous champions of "the
President's policy.''
The Cork Herald says that emigration to
the United States has already commenced
on a largo scale. It is not the poorer classes
that are departing, but those who could live
at home if they could only be taught to be
content with their lot.
Congressman Baldwin, in a letter to the
Worcester Spy, says : "In the reports of
f>roceedings in Congress you will notice a
ree discussion of their minor differences of
opinion among the Union members. Do
not allow yourselves to infer from this that
there are any grave differences of opinion or
purpose among them. There is a general
desire to put every measure adopted in the
best form; but there are no substantial dif
ferences among the great mass of the Union
members; and you may assure yourselves
that the great mass of them will be true to
their constituents, and mindful of the mo
mentous interests at stake."
The Emperor Napoleon has been direct
ing his attention to the system of common
school education in England. Two commis
sioners l ave recently visited Harrow and
examined narrowly into its system of instruc
tion, Ac. They report that the 'Arrow
system is admirably adapted for teaching the
young idea how to shoot.
At the bal costume which took place at
the Tuilleries on February Bth, a quadrille
was danced at which the gentlemen were
dressed as leopards and the ladies as gazelles.
Easily done. The gentlemen were spotted
by the police an., the ladies were little dears.
Lord Brougham has formed a brigade of
crossing-sweepers to be composed of boys
(paupers,) who are to wear a uniform, be
positively forbidden to beg, and compelled
to lay aside a portion of their earnings for
a fund against sickness or destitution of aDV
of their number. His Lordship thinks tha't
the boys' sweeping will excite sympathy
enough without beggiDg.
Henry Ward Beccher, it is reported, has
received a call from a congregation in New
York City, who offer to raise SIBO,OOO for
the purpose of setting up a tabernacle and
parsonage for him in that city. It is thought
he will not accept, being too closely wedded
to Brooklyn.
The Boston Traveller thinks that with
harmony and wise legislation at Washington
gold would soon decline to 125, if notjower,
for the resources of the country as devch>j>e.j
in the state of our national Tr< t ury, war
rant an early return to specie payments.
Although business is dull yet there are very
few failures, and we have abundant means
to meet all our obligations abroad.
RATES OF ADVERTISING.
All advertiiemonts for less than 3 month* 13
cent* J) or lice for each insertion. Special notices
one half additional. All resolution* of Associa
tion, communications of a limited or individual
interest and notice* of marriages and deaths, ex
ceeding five- lines, 13 ets. per line. All legal noti
ces of every kind, and all Orphans' Court and
other Judicial sales, are required by law to be pub
lished in both papers. Editorial Notices 15 cents
per line. All Advertising due after first insertion
A liberal discount made to yearly adveniters.
3 months. 8 months. 1 vear.
One square $ 4.50 $ <1.03 $13.00
Two square* fi,o9 9.03 lfi.OO
Three squre* 8.00 12.30 20.00
One-fourth ooluo i 14.00 20.00 35.00
Half column 18.00 25.00 45.00
One column 30.00 45.00 80.00
Mr. John P. Crozer, a resident of Chester,
Pennsylvania, died on Saturday morning
after a short illness. He was reported to
be the richest man in Eastern Pennsvlvania.
He was a member of the baptist church,
and had given largely of his means to pro
mote the interests of that religious persua
sion. He built a Baptist church in Chester,
erected a number of manufactories, and the
town of Crozersville, in Delaware county,
attests his enterprise in progressing with
substantial improvements.
The Copperheads are apparently fairly
sick with love for President Johnson, yet
their candidate for Governor, Hiester Cly
rner, who languishes on the President's bo
som, is on record in regard to the President
in this fashion:
"I know, air, that Andrew Johnson has
gone as far as the farthest, and is ready to
go_ still farther, to destroy and uproot every
principle upon which this great and good
tovermnent is founded. I know that he
as bent With suppliant knee before the
throne of power, //enow thai for pelf or for
some other consideration, he has succumbed
to every measure presented to him.".
In the opinion of old fishermen, trouble,
and possibly actual collision may result from
the determination of the British authorities
to keep our fishermen from trespassing upon
the fishing grounds of the extensive coast of
the British North American Provinces the
coming season.
The Liverpool Times says that before the
suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act in Ire
land, the English authorities had satisfied
themseives that an outbreak was imminent,
when b oodshed upon a gigantic scale must
have followed.
The prospect for a good cotton crop the
coming season is very good in Louisiana,
and even at this early day planters are mak
ing preparations to plant the largest amount
of lauds they can find hands to work.
A late English work on diamonds and other
precious stones, says that but a small por
tion of the gems sold and worn are genuine.
The diamond mines of Golconda have given
out, and those of India are rapidly failing.
The_ scarcity of real gem? has been met by
the ingenuity of counterfeiters, who manu
facture spurious gems that frequently deceive
expert connoisseurs.
The idea has'been started among the Fe
nians whereby they are to be made exclusive
patrons of the products of American looms,
and all fabrics woven by Britons are to be
discarded. No lenian is to buy, wear or
consume any imported article, and it is ex
pected by this to virtually exclude British
manufactures from the markets cf the Uni
ted States.
Senator Saulsburv. of Delaware, one day
last week had to be removed from the Senate
chamber in a beastly state of intoxication.
Drunkenness in high places is becoming so
offensive to the moral sense of the nation,
that it should be punished by dismissal or
impeachment..
pUsfeUatuw.
SOUND TRUTH
| VT g' ve an extract from the New
1 ork Tribune especially applicable to this
I locality.—Business men and all who are in
| terested in the prosperity and reputation of
the place should carefully consider the sug
gestion of the Tribune and act accordingly:
Nothing is more common than to hear
people talk of what they pay newspapers for
advertising etc., as so much given to charity.
Newspapers, by enhancing the value of pro
perty in their neighborhood and giving the
localities in which they are published a repu
tation abroad benefit all such, particularly if
they are merchants or real estate owners,
thrice the amount yeirlv of the meagre sum
they pay for their support. Besides, every
public spirited citizen feels a laudable pride
in having a paper of which he is not asham
ed even though he should pick it up in New
York or VV ashington.
A good looking thriving sheet helps to
sell property gives character to the locality,
and in all respects is a desirable public con-
B from any cause, the matter in
the local or editorial columns not be quite
to your standard do not cast it aside and
pronounce it of no account until you are
satisfied that there has been no more labor
bestowed upon it than is paid for. If you
want a good reliable sheet it must be sup
ported. And ic must not be supported in a
spirit of charity cither but because you feel
a necessity to support it. So the local press
is the "power" that moves the people
A GOOD DAY'S WORK.
Out in Michigan a number of fanners
were sitting in front of a country store at
the close of a sultry day, and telling stories
about their work and so on when one of them
took the rag off of the whole of them by re
lating his experience.
"I say, you have all told whopping big
yarns, now; but I'll just tell you what I
done once in York State on the (xenessce
Flats, and on my father's farm. He owned
a meadow just a mile long, and one morning
in June I began to uiow—sun about an hour
high—and mowed right along the whole
length of the field. The grass was so heavy
that I had to mow down to the lower end of
the field and walk or as we say, earry my
swatb. TV ell, I worked on till sundown
and then quit. I just thought as the indnd
ow was exactly a mile long I'd count the
swathl, and I did so there and was one hun
dred! That gentlemon, is what York State
folks call a big day's work."
"So you walked two hundred miles that
day, did you?" asked one farmer.
"And mowed all the time you were walk
ing?" said another.
"'So it seems," replied the great mower.
"I tell you the facts, and you can make as
much of it as you can.".
IMPORTANT TESTIMONY.—GCQ. (J R IER>U.
the hero of the famous raid in the South
west, has testified before the Committee on
Reconstruction that he behoves "there is
now an organization existing in tite South
for the renewal of the rebellion," and that
if we were engaged in a foreign war, "the
enemies of the Government throughout tbo
South would not fail to seize the opportunity
to attempt again it-destruction.'' I)o the
people of Pennsylvania think any of their
interests can be seriously injured bv extend
ing the probationary term ot a people anima
ted by motives like these?
THE Copperhead orators and presses
are constantly familiar-zing their hearersand
readers with ideas of revolution. John
an Bui-en in a speech at Bridgeport Con
necticut on the 7th inyt, after citing the
example of Cromwell in purging the Rtnnp
Parliament, exclaimed of the Congress of the
United States, "such a body as that, I say,
is an illegal, unconstitutional assemblage.
It is in point of law a mnh. and in my judge
ment the Mayor of Washington neglects his
duty everyday in notilispmiHf/lhnnas.sneh,
Is there an'object in this kind of talk?