ffaqaim
IS PITBLIHRED
EVERY Fill DAY MORNING,
jf, JR. WlKliOiliiuH A ... .iuliX LiTZ,
f <.N
JULIANA BG> opposite the .rleugel House
BEDF< >Rl}, PFNN'A.
TEKHN:
■2.00 a year if paid strictly in advance.
If not paid within six. month* $2.50.
If not paid within the year S3.UO.
$ regional & guntoflSg €arfo.
i TTORNEYS AT LAW. ~
| oil A PALMER,
' Allorney at Law, Bedford, Pa,.
Will promptly attend to all business entrusted to
his care.
Partiouiar attention paid to tiio collection
of Military claims. Office on Juliatma st., nearly
opposite the Mcngel House.) june2B, '6i.ly
1 13. CESSNA,
. ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Office with Jons CESSSA, on Pitt st., opposite the
Bedford Hotel. All business entrusted to bis cat®
will receive faithful and prompt attention. Mili
tary Claims, Pensions, Ac., speedily collected,
Bedford, June 9,1865.
J OHN T. KEAGY,
ATTORNEY AX LAW, BEDFORD, PA.,
Will promptly attend to all legal Business entrust
ed to his care. Will give special attention to
claims against the Government. Office on Juliana
street, formerly occupied by Hon. A. King.
aprll:'6s-*ly. 1
J. R. BCttBOREOW JOHS Wit.
DHBURBORROW 4 LUTZ,
JITTOtUVETS .IT L.?H\
BEDFORD, PA.,
Will attend promptly to all business intrusted to
their care. Collections made on tho shorten no
tice.
They are, also, regularly licensed Claim Agents
sod will give special attention to the prosecution
of claims against the Government for Pensions,
Back Pay. Bounty, Bounty Lands, Ac.
Office on Juliana street, one door South of the
' 'Mengel House' - and nearly opposite the Inquirer
office April 28, 18(i5:tf
nSVY M. ALSIP,
£J ATTORNEY AT LAW, BRBWWWD, PA.,
Will faithfully and promptly attend to all busi
ness entrusted to his care in Bedford and adjoin
iug counties. Military claims, Pensions, back
pay, Bounty, Ac. speedily collected. Office with
Mann ABpang. on Juliana street, 2 doors south
ofthe Mcngel House. apl 1, 1864.-—tf.
M. A. POINTS,
ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDFORD, PA.
Respectfully tenders his professional services
to the public. Office with J. W. Lingcnfclter,
Esq., on Juliana street, two doors South of the
'"Mengle House." Dec. 9, 18f>4-tf.
KIMMELL AND LIXGENFELTER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW, BEDFORD, FA.
Have formed a partnership in the practice of
the Law Office on Juliana Street, two doors South
of the Mengel House,
aprl, 186-4—tf.
JOHN MOWER,
ATTORNEY AT LA A?.
BEDFORD, PA.
April 1,1864. —tf.
EX TINTS.
C. N. HICKOK J. C. MISNICH, JR.
ENTISTS, BEDFORD, TA.
Ojflte fn the Hank Builtliny, Juliana Street.
All operations pertaining to Surgical or Me
chanical Dentistry .carefully and faithfully per
formed and warranted. TERMS CASII.
jan6'6s-ly. _
DENTISTRY.
I. N. BOWSER, RESIDKST DENTIST, W OOD
BKRRV. PA., will spend the second Monday, Tues
day. and Wednesday, of each month at Hopewell,
the remaining three day? at Bloody Run, xltend
ng to the duties of his profession. At all other
imes he can be found in his office at 11 oodbury,
excepting the last Monday and Tuesday of the
same month, which he will spend in Martinsburg,
Blair county, Penna. Persons desiring operations
should call early, as time is limited. All opera
ions warranted. Aug. 5,1864,-tf.
PHYBICIAm
Dr. B. f. HARRY,
Respectfully tenders his professional ser
vices to the citizens of Bedford and vicinity.
Office and residence on Pitt Street, in the building
formerly occupied by I)r. J. H. Ilofius.
April t, 1864—tt.
L. MARBOURG, M. D.,
. Having permanently located respectfully
tenders bis pofessional services to the citizens
of Bedford and vicinity. Office on Juliana street,
opposite the Bask, one door north of Hall fc Pal
mer's office. April 1, 1864—tf.
IIOTII,*.
BEDFORD HOUSE.
AT HOPEWELL, BEnvonn COUNTV, PA.,
BY.HARRY DROLLINOER.
Every attention given to make guests comfortable,
who stop at this House.
Hopewell. July 29, 1864.
TT S. HOTEL,
I . 11 AIIRIHBURtI. PA.
CORNER SIXTH AND MARKET STREETS,
OPPOSITE REAPING P.. n. PKPOI.
D. H. HUTCHINSON, Proprietor.
jn6:65.
iia\ri:ks.
0. W. Rt Pl> o. E. SHANNON., P. BKNRbICT
RUPP, SHANNON A 00., BANKERS,
Bp.nroßD, PA.
BANK OF DISCOUNT AND DEPOSIT.
COLLECTIONS made for the East. West, North
and South, and the general business of Exchange,
transacted. Notes and Accounts Collected and
Remittances promptly made. REAL ESTATE
bought and gold. *pr.ld,'64-tf.
j A -.
rOHN 11 EI MUN D,
•J CLOCK AND WATCH-MAKER,
in the United States Teleprauh Office,
BEDFORD. PA.
Clocks, watches, and all kinds of jewelry
promptly repaired. ATI work entrusted to his care
warranted to give entire •atisfacti-m. [nov3-lyr
DANIEL BORDER,
PITT STREET, TWO POORS WEST OF THE BED
FOBP HOTEL, BF.BFORD, PA.
WATCHMAKER AND DEALER IN JEWEL
RY. SPECTACLES. AC.
He keeps on hand a stock of fine Gold and Sil
ver Watches, Spectacles of Brilliant Double Refin
ed Glasses, also Scotch Pebble Glasses. Gold
Watch Chains, Breast Pins, Finger Rings, best
quality of Gold Pens. He will supply to order
any thing in his line not on hand,
nj.r. 2k, I k(!:>—tt.
(.imhls Suitable lor Holli<ln.v I'rnx'iils.
HENRY HARPER,
ARCH Stteet,
PHII.AIiEI.PHU.
WATCHES,
FINK JEWELRY.
.SOLID SILVER WARE,
and Superior SILVER PLATER WAKE.
Gct.fi. :3 m.
TOHKTOMSTS.
hW. CROIiSK A CO.,
• WHOLESALE AMI KKTAIJ,
tobaccomsts,
One door west of the Post Office, above Daniel
Border's jewelry store, Bedford I'enn'ti., nre now
prepared to sell by wholesale or retail all kinds of
Tobacco, Cigars and Snuff.
Orders for Cigars promptly filled. Persons de
siring anything in their line will do well to give
Ihem a call.
Bedford, Oct 2*l, *BS.
JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.
JOHN MAJOR,
p JUSTICE OF THE PEACE, HOPBWEIX,
<KnroRD COIKTT. Collections and all business
JG rtaining toTiia office will be attended to prompt.
' Wiil also attend to the sale or renting of real
i 'nitruu-eni* of writiug carefully prepar
• Also settling Up partnerships nod other ac-
COUnU " ' a; 1 'til—tj.
DI'RBORROW A- LUTZ Editors and Proprietors.
gtatni.
THE CELESTIAL ARMY.
BV T. B. READ.
I stood by tho open casement
And looked upon the night,
And saw the westward-going stars
Pass slowly out of sight.
Slowly the bright procession
Went down the gleaming arch,
And my soul discerned the music
Of their long triumphal march:
Till the great, celestial army,
Stretching far beyond the poles,
Became the eternal symbol
Of the nightly march of souls.
Onward, forever onward,
Rod Mars led down his clan;
And the moon, like a mailed maiden,
Was riding in the vun.
And some were bright in beauty,
And some were faint and small,
But these might he in their greatest height,
The noblest of them all.
Downward, forever downward,
Behind earth's dusky shore,
They passed into the unknown night,
They passed, and were no more.
No more ? O say not so I
And downward is not just;
For the sight is wpak, and the sense is dim.
That looks through heated dust.
Tho stars and the niailod moon,
Though they socm to fall and die,
i>till sweep with their embattled lines
An ondless track of sky.
And though the hills of death
May hide the bright array,
The marshalled hrotheihood of souls
Still keeps its upward way.
Upward, forever upward,
I sec their march sublime,
And hear the glorious music
Of the conquerors of Time.
And long let me remember
That the palest, faintest one,
May to diviner vision be
A bright and blessed sun.
SKETCHES OF NEW YORK EDIT
ORS.
Mr. Dana thus discourses of the most
prominent of New York editors, in a recent
number of the Chicago Republican :
The largest of New York editors, in
point of size, is James Grordon Bennett,
while the smallest is Henry J. Raymond.
Both of these men have been bold editors
and yet, quite strangely, the latter has never
met the touch of personal violence, while
the former lias been punished often and se
verely. Mr. Raymond exhibits a marvelous
contrast between muscle and intellect. His
industry, for a quarter of a century past,
has been incredible, and he has the reputa
tion of being the hardest worker in New
York. In this way he has built up the
Times.
Erastus Brooks, of the Express, is of a
tall, nervous frame, indicating no ordinary
degree of power, and jet with ah his ability
he has failed to build up a leading paper.
As for Horace Greely, almost everybody
knows how he looks, and we need only add
that he dresses much better than in former
days, and the famous white coat has retired
from service. We believe that the excen
tricities of this peculiar man are entirely
unaffected, and are the idiosyncrasies of his
nature. Mr. Greely has changed but little
in twenty years, and wears remarkably well,
considering the great amount of work he
turns off dailj r . When we first saw 31 r.
Greely, he was a tall, slender youth, with a
peculiar freshness of countenance, and a
beautiful simplicity playing over his feat
ures. This was in iSU'J. when he was strug
cling for a foothold in the great metropolis.
He has since became stouter and while he
show:- the marks of time, he has not put off
the early marks of his character.
His chief opponent, Thurlow Weed, is six
feet high and well proportioned, albeit we
do not admire his style of countenance. We
are glad that these two gentlemen are now
united in the support of the party to which
thev belong.
We have thus referred to the veterans of
the daily press, and may remark that during
twenty years or more they have stood at
their posts on daily toil with uniform indus
try, and in each individual case have gained
in weight since the commencement. Not
one has died daring the term mentioned.
Among the editorial corps of New York,
the public interest singles out one as an ob
ject of chief curiosity. This Is Bennett.
There is ticrhaps an excuse to be found for
this, in the fact that no public man has said
so much about himself as he. He has even
advertised his own personal ugliness, and
that, too, in the most indelicate manner.
We might quote from his own columns such
reference ad/museum, but we forbear. Mr.
Bennett is seldom seen, and while other ed
itors are open to the public, his method for
years has been seclusion. We think his
habit grew out of a sense of danger, arising
from the bitterness of his personal attacks,
and the frequent relations which followed.
Mr. Bennett is understood to make no claim
upon public sympathy; he has warred upon
society and expects to receive whatever may
come. If wealth be the great end in life,
he has succeeded, since his establishment is
estimated at two millions; but we doubt if
this affords the expected satisfaction. In
early days Mr. Bennett was tall, slender and
exceedingly awkward. lie has since became
very stout, and is the largest, stoutest and
richest of the New York editors. He is
descenued from an old Scotch Roman Cath
olic family, was educated for the priesthood,
and through a life-long scoffer of sacred
things, still cliugs to his early faith. Of the
religious preferences of the other editorial
gentlemen referred to, we may add that Mr.
Grcelj- is a 1 niversalist and Mr. Raymond
a Presbyterian. Of the religious press, Mr.
Prime, of the Observer, is a large, well built
man, with quiet and unostentatious man
ners. This corresponds with the character
of the sheet he issues, which is a pleasant,
readable and useful paper. Theodore Til
tou, of the diulep&ulesit. is one of the young
est of the fraternity, and may expect some
thing of a compliment as to personal ap
pearance. The Independent , although
ranking among religious journals, is highly
literary in its character, and boasts in its
editor a poet of no otdinary ability. Bry
ant of the Evening Post, is, as all ktio.w, the
patriarch of the city press; he is venerable
in appearance, and august j-et cheerful man
ners, "and bears the stamp of natuer'a great
ness. His associate and son-in law, Parke
Goodwin, is about twenty-five years his ju
nior. and is a good specimen of humanity.
A LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWSPAPER, DEVOTED TO POLITICS, EDUCATION, LIT ERATURE AND MO RAI S
MORE PROTECTION FOR WORK
INGMEN'S LABOR.
One of the post mischievous sueccesaes
accomplished in the interest of the foreign
manufacturers, in their long struggle to ob
tain possession of the markets of the United
States, is the establishment of a too gener
al impression that the demand for the Pro
tection of American Labor proceeds from
capitalists only—that a high tariff is design
ed to foster investments, and not to bless
workingnien—that the employing iron-mas
ters, spinners and weavers, who ask the
Government to sustain and develop their
several industries, speak only for their own
small and wealthy number, and that the eco
nomical question between them and the hir
ed advocates of British Free Trade, concerns
simply a class of men, already rich, who do
but selfishly seek larger and larger profits.
Tis a huge and a cruel falsehood. The cap
italists petitioning Congress, with the man
ufacturers pleading through the Press, are
but the repreeentatives and mouthpieces of
millions of working people directly and in
directly dependent for their bread and their
happiness upon the prosperous employment
of the manufacturing capital of our coun
try. It is their interest, almost exclusively,
which is at stake in the controversy over
principles of Economy, so persistently urg
ed by the Euiopean manufacturers against
American manufacturers and statesmen. It
is the good of these millions which is to be
decided by the issue of the struggle to break
down the revenue barriers which now fee
bly protect them in their work of developing
the Industry of the United States, and to
let foreign products flood in upon them and
sweep them away into idleness or to over
crowded agricultural employment.
This true relation between the Capitalists
and the Workingmen—that of advocates
pleading the causes of clients, of representa
tives struggling for the interests of constitu
ents —has recently been conclusively shown
by an eminent Pennsylvanian ironmaster,
Daniel J. Morrell, the Supeiintendent of
the great Cambria Works at Johnstown. Pa.
Mr. Morrell'B experience and distinction in
his business, with his high personal charac
ter, will command the fullest credit for all
the facts and figures contained in his argu
ment. and will enforce his earnest plea in
behalf of the iron-workmen of the United
States for an increase of the duties on Brit
ish iron. lie says :
"* * * Iron masters write and speak and rne
moralize on the subject of protection; they
meet to discuss it, and combine to secure it;
and it would seem, at a superficial view, to
be a question solely between them and the
Government. It is not so. They are a mouth
piece for innumerable workinguien, who
through them, demand the right to labor
and to live. The industry of these men has
sustained, perhaps saved, the Government.
They pay it, directly and indirectly, a large
portion of their wages. By their aid the
National credit has been maintained; and
adequate protection will enable them to re
pair the waste of war. and to insure the liq
uidation of the National indebtedness. The
Government is in partnership with them,
and dependent upon (heir prosperity. It
must protect them if it would protect itself.
Does it do so?
I propose to show what proportion of its
value every tun of American manufactured
iron pays into the public treasury, and how
much of this is a tax upon the laborer; and
shall contrast this with the duty upon im
ported iron, to show the comparative regard
of the Government for its own citizens, la
boring for its support, and foreigners who
have armed and aided a rebellion for its over
throw.
I shall endeavor, partially at least to ana
lyze a tun of iron, to show what it repre
sents, and how its elements affect the com
mon weal, and are affected by the laws of
the land.
It has been usual for iron-masters, in esti
mating the cost of a gross tun of ordinary
bur iron, to consider it equivalent to the
value of fifty days' average labor, and my
observations have convinced ine that this
calculation is approximately correct.
My experience in the uiauuicicttireofratT*
shows" that an average of about 32 days la
bor is expended directly in the production
of a gross tun of railroad bars—in taking the
ore and coal from the mines, and delivering
the finished-iron from the mill ready for
shipment. Add to this the wear and tear
of furnaces, machinery, building, Ac., inter
est on capital, and royalty for the minerals
consumed, and it will appear that the esti
mate of fifty day's labor is not much too
great, even upon a tun of rails, when a fair
margin Is allowed for profit.
Claiming no profit, and making no charge
for interest on capital or for minerals, the
net cost of a tun of rails may be fairly sta
ted at forty days' labor. The natural advan
tages or disadvantages of location will vary
this estimate somewhat; but as labor Is gen
erally less productive or more costly where
nature has most lavished her favors, the ac
tual cost of production remains nearly the
same. Hence the cost of iron, in dollars
and cents, dejiends upon the wages paid for
the labor which produces it, and the value
of the wages received by the workmen de
pends upon the cost of such articles as he
needs to purchase, for himself and family.
These articles are now high in price, and
wages must therefore be high. The exigen
cies of Government affecting the currency
have enhanced the cost of the necessaries of
life, in the supply of which there is no coni
jietition from abroad. The price of the
product of the tvorkingman's labor should
be proportionately enhanced, and thus an
equilibrium maintained; aod this would be
the case if there were no outside interfer
ence. Unfortunately for him, foreign labor
unaffected by the exigencies of our Govern
ment, and bearing none of his indirect bur
dens, enters into competition with him and
threatens his destruction. It should also
be remembered in this connection, especial
ly by the law-makers of the land, upon
whose enlightened action the welfare of the
toiling millions of our people depends, that
the workingman of America aims to save
something, and rightfully claims that he
should be able to lay aside a portion of his
earniugs to secure the future of his family.
That he mav do this, is not enough to make
duties equaf to direct and indirect taxes, but
he must be further protected against the la
bor of European workmen who are compell
ed to toil from year to year for what will
barely keep body and soul together.
That portion of the price of a tun of im
ported iron which stands for the wages of la
bor, represents coarse food, mean raiment,
and worse lodging, political nullity, enforced
ignorance, serfdom in a single occupation,
with a prospect of eventual relief from the
parish.
That portion of the price of a tun of Amer
ican iron which stands for the wages of labor,
represents fresh and wholesome food, good
raiment, the homestead, unlimited freedom
of movement, and change of occupation,
intelligent support of all the machinery of
Municipal, State and National Government
with a prospect of comfortable old age, at
ast dividing its substance with blessings
lamong prosperous children.
Thus it is easy to see why imported iron
May be cheap and Americaniron dear, tor
BEDFORD, Pa., FRIDAY, NOVEMBER Q4, 1865.
the latter in addition to its other burdens,
pays an extraordinary tax to freedom ami
enlighlment, which are usually deserving of
The cheapening of American iron by com
petition with American iron satisfies the re
quirements of trade, produces a harmony of
interests, a perfect equilibrium of values,
and gives stability to all the pursuits of in
dustry. The cheapening of American iron
by competition with imported iron is degra
dation of the national life, derangement of
national business and a disaster to the Na
tional Government.
In times of great depression in this coun
try labor has fallen to an average cost of 75
cents per day, and rails could then be pro
duced at a net cost of S3O a tun; but, taking
the average of labor at $2 per day, the net
cost would be SBO per run, the calculation
excluding direct tax, royalty and
profits.
The English and Welsh ironworkers re
ceive at this time an average of about 50
cents per day, and the ironmaster who em
ploys this cheap labor can make rails at a
net cost of about S2O per tun; and he can
land them in this country by paying a duty
but little greater than the direct tax paid by
the American maker, whose product has
been further enhanced in cost by heavy con
tributions to the treasury in the form of in
direct taxes.
It is difficult to fix the precise amount of
indirect tax paid <m a tuu of rails by the
workingmen, but I offer the following ap
proximate estimate, based upon long-con
tinued and careful observations. I have as
sumed that 32 days' labor is expended di
rectly in the production of a tun of rails, and
that 8 more are further expended for the
materials and supplies consumed and used,
and which are the produet of labor elsewhere
than at the works. Assuming, therefore 40
days' labor as the number expended, direct
ly and indirectly, on the production of a tun
of rails, 74 tuns will be the annual produc
tion of each hand, or 1334 men are employ
ed in making 1,000 tuns of rails. Including
the miner, the milman, the mechanic, the
clerk and the manager, with the day-laborer,
the experience of iron masters will bear me
out in saying that this labor cannot be ob
tained now for much less than the average
of $2 per day. Believing this to be a safe
estimate, we find that every tun of rails
costs SBO in wages of labor. At least four
fifths of this sum, or $65 out of SBO, are ex
pended in living as soon as earned, and it is
possible to tell very nearly for what it is
spent, and what revenue the Government
derives from this source upon a tun of
American iron, which of course it could not
receive if the iron was manufactured
abroad.
The following statement is made up by a
careful comparison of (he purchase of differ
ent grades of workmen, and while it is not
pretended that perfect accuracy has been
obtained, I feel certain that the widest ob
servation and most minute scrutiny will not
convict it of material en or :
TABLE SHOWING THE INDIRECT TAX PAID
BY LABOR ON A TON OF RAILS.
Article.•* 7axed.
Value. Tax.
Sugar $2 00 $ 30
Coffee 90 10
Bucket, Tubs. Ac 50 2.4
Syrup 1 50 8
Matches 6 2
Tea 1 50 25
0 ft> Soap 1 00 7.2
Vinegar 50 2.
Brooms 60 2.7
C'arb. Oil, Gas, Candles,
<fec 50 7.
Hardware, Queenswarc,
Ac . . 2 00 40.
Pat. Medicines, Physi
cians' Fees. Ac 1 25 15
Musiins 2 50 12
Hosiery. Ac 80 10
Checks, Ac... 50 2.6
Calico and Ginghams 3 75 18.3
Cloths, Cassinets A Flan
nels 3 75 17.
Manufactured Clothing.... 2 00 12
Roots and Shoes 4 00 24
Reef, Pork, and other
meats 10 00 3
Taxes, Stamps, Ac 1 00 15
1 gall. Whisky 4 00 2 00
1 gall. Beer 40 3
1 ft) Tobacco, smoking 60 35
I tt> Tobacco, chewing 1 00 40
Cigars 75 25
Sundries 2 64 15
Total SSO 00 $5 83
Articles not Taxed.
Rent $4 00
* barrel Flour 5 00
Butter and Cheese 2 00
Lard 20
Vegetables, Eggs, Ac 4 00
Total sls 20
Not Taxed sls 20
Taxed 50 00
Total $65 20
Amount of Tax $5 83
It will be seen from this statement, that,
of the $65.20 expended by the workmen,
$15.20 are untaxed, and that SSO pays
$5.83 to the Government. Lest you may
think the estimate of one gallon of whiskey
to a tun of iron is extravagant, it is proper
to state that upon examining the freight
books of the railroad company at this sta
tion, I find that for the last five years there
have been rece ved here by the retailers of
liquor more gallons of whiskey than we have
produced tuns of rails, including both re
rolled and new iron. In 1864. there were
over 1,000 barrels, or 40,000 gallons of whis
key brought here by rail. What came in
wagons from the numerous distilleries in
Somerset and Westmoreland counties was
more than equal to all that was taken to the
countiy for consumption, and it would be
safe to say that nine-tenths of that drank in
our town was consumed by those employed
in the works. The calculation as to beer,
tobacco, and cigars, is also based upon actu
al sales of the articles to workmen, and is
under, rather than over, the true consump
tion of those heavily taxed articles by iron
workers will be sustainkd by all manufac
tures who have investigated the matter.
It may be said that the workmen would
be better without them, and while admit
ting this, we claim that they ar<j no less a
source of income to the government at the
expense of the manufacturer, who has to
pay in their increased cost increased wages.
In fact, the whole amount of this indirect
tax paid by the laborer is laid upon and
swells the cost of the turn of rails.
As a conclusion of the whole matter, let
me now briefly present the sum of direct and
indirect taxes paid by the American laborer
and manufacturer, and contrast it with the
duty upon foreign rails.
TABLE SHOWING TOTAL DIRECT AND INDI
RECT TAXES ON A TON OF RAILS.
Tuns. Hate.
Pig Iron 1.43 $2.40 $3.43
Coal 7.72 06 47
Rails- Log 3.60 3.60
.Add 12 per cent to make gross tun 90
... $8.40
Indirect tax paid by laborer.,.. 5.83
L.Jircet taxes paid by manufacturers;
Tax <>n Incomes, Stamps, Licenses,
Oil, Steel, Brass Castings, Machin
ery and Repairs, Bricks, Gum and
Leather Belting, Freights, and the
innumerable other items connected
with manufacture and sale of iron,
add at least two dollars more 2.00
$16.23
Import Duty on Tun 2,240 lbs.. 15.68
Excess of Tax over Tariff : f $
This calculation shows, that the govern
ment interferes with the production of iron
not to protect the domestic manufacturer,
but to pay a Mhw of M> cents per tun on
imported iron. If acquainted with the cost
in detail of other articles of American man
ufacture, I could with equal ease show that
similar injustice is done and that the inter
nal tax, direct and indirect, exceeds the im
port duty on corresponding articles of for
eign productiort. The American laborer,
thus burdened with the multifarious inci
dents and rcajKinsihilities of his position as
a citizen of a free country, is now engaged
in desperate competition with the foreign
laborer, who toils for back and belly alone.
The Government, which is vitally interested
in the contest, looks on indifferently, or op
poses her own children. Every blow struck
by the American workingman tends to the
perfect restoration of Government credit
aud finance, and to the destruction of his
own prospect of a livelihood; for every in
crease in value of the national currency is
instantly marked by a decline in the reward
of his labor, and iron is at zero, while his
food and clothing are at fever heat. Re
sumption of specie payment, unless normal
jv attained through a revenue policy restrict
ing excessive foreign imports, will be the
knell of American manufacturers, and the
industry of the country will be buried in the
same grave. After a period of suffering,
suspension, and bankruptcy, manufacturing
industry may again revive and struggle on
with indifferent success, but there will be
incalculable loss sustained, not alone by the
manufacturer and his operatives, but by ev
ery business interest of the whole country.
The political economist will again be sad
dened by seeing this great nation, the cho
sen champion of the Lord, blinded, and ma
king sport for the Philistines: "Eyeless in
Gaza at the mill with slaves."
It is the penalty of trusting the false De
lilah. who has repeatedly betrayed it into
the hands of its mortal enemies.— New
York Tribunt'.
GEOFFREY CHAUCER:
The Father of English Poetry.
EVERY lover of i>oetry must honor the
name of Chaucer, whose place in literature
corresponds with that of Raphael in painting
and Michael Angelo in Sculpture. He was
born in London in the year 1328. lie mar
ried a sister of Catherine Swinl'ord, w ho was
the wife of John of Gaunt, and maid of hon
or to Philippa, the queen of Edward 111.
Of course this connection attached the poet
to the Lancastrian party,* with whose vicissi
tudes his fortunes were involved. During
the reign of Edward his successes were at
flood. When he was thirty eight he received
from the king a pension equal to fifteen hun
dred dollars a year of our money—a large
sum for those times. In these days he tefls
us, he was "fat and jolly," and knew no
want. But his fortunes changed with the
changes of government.
During the reign of Richard 11., Chaucer
was involved in great disasters. In 1388, at
the age of sixty, we find him a political
prisoner in London, his pensions and "his
prosperity alike gone. Rut the next year,
John of Gaunt, the Duke of Lancaster, re
turned, an d became once more his steady
protector; and from this time until his death
111 the year 1400 ? his prosperity continued to
increase. He died on the 25 th of October,
and was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Few poets have commenced to write at an
earlier age than Geoffrey Chaucer; and few,
certainly, have continued to write at a more
advanced one; for he began his greatest
work, The Canterbury Tales, when he was
in his sixty-sixth year. His first poem of
note was the Court of Love, published when
he was nineteen years of age. His History
of Trial us of Crcsscide was the delight of
Sir Philip Sydney. 77/e Flower and the
Leaf, modernized by Drvden, was pronoun
ced by the poet Campbell "an exquisite
piece of fairy fancy." Pope modernised,
also, his House of Fame. Rut the glory of
all these is obscured by the last and greatest
of his works.
The Canterbury Tales are the adventures
of twenty nine pilgrims, who met at an inn
in Southwark, on their way to the shrine of
Thomas a Becket. Each pilgrim tells his
own story. Chaucer s poetry is etscntially
dramatic and picturesque. The costume and
dress of the Canterbury pilgrims—of the
knight, the squire, the Wire of the Bath
speak for themselves. His descriptions of
natural scenery are in the same kind of ex
cellence with a local freshness about them
wiiieh gives the very feeling of the atmos
phere, the coldness and moisture of the
ground.
His proud title of "Father of English
Poetry" is not alone a tribute to his poetic
al excellence, great as that was; but because
he did more than any one to bring the
English language into its present form. He
wrote when that language was in its infancy
At a time when all tne gentlemen and ladies
in the kingdom spoke only French, he chose
to write in his native tongue—the grand,
sturdy old Saxon —and he proved what a
mine of richness it was. He delighted and
instructed England, as the bright morning
star of her national literature, and at the
well of his thought the scholar of to day
drinks with ever fresh delight.
"LAY STILL, SONNY." —A Parkesburg
(W.Va.) paper says that several gentleman
of the Legislature took the cars at Grafton
late on the evening of the 6th ult. for Wheel
ing, and among the number was Mr. G., of
somewhat large proportions physically, and
a Mr. D., of proportional undersize. These
two gentleman took a berth together, it seems
in a sleeping car. The little man laid behind
and the good naturcd, waggish Mr. G. before
Mr. D. was sleeping and snoring furiously
Mr. G., more restless under the legislative
burdens, soon arose and was sitting by the
stove when an elderly lady came aboard and
desired a sleeping berth.—"All right, mad
am," said Mr. G. 'I took a berth with my
son and can occupy iny place in that berth
where my boy is sleeping. " Taking Mr.G.at.
his word, the lady aisrobed herself and lay
down with the boy. After a quiet repose of
some time the boy (Mr. D.) became restless
from some cause, and begin to kick around,
to the annoyance of the old lady. So in a
maternal way she patted the boy on the back
and said: "Lie still, sonny; Pa said I might
sleep with you.'' "Who are you?" said the
legislator; "I'm no boy! L'm a member of
the West Virginia Ilegislature!" It is said
the old lady swooned.
YOLI ME 38; 50. 48.
PRESIDENT JOHNSON AND NAPO
LEON 111.
hrom the London Examiner, Oct. 28.
I he statement that the American Govern
ment hiwi served a threatening notice on
that of I' ranee, warning it not to send Afri
can troopg to Mexico, has been formally con
tradicted upon what we mast presume to be
authority; and the Tint ex, in whose columns
it first attracted European notice, argues in
geniously against the likelihood of its being
true. Plo the first wo had doubts of the
rumor; hut from other considerations than
those which have weight with our coteinpo
rary. The lankee veto upon Imperial pro
! jects of aggression in the new world is a
sword in the scabbard, hot st sword drawn:
and while-there are still "upon the blade
and dudgieon gouts of blood which were not
so before, there is not much probability of
the weapon beiug brandished in the air.
tl a Bg or barii mcn are either
morW? 'm- e.ndflmtv bW they are seldom
found to be in a threatening humor. They
sit down to mourn or laugh, to drink healths,
or to curse their luck; but they don't in
general want forthwith to begin again.
President Johnson evidently feels and acts
as if he knew that although the republic
has cause for self-congratulation at having
won the desperate fight, she has had quite
enough of it for the time; and that it would
be mere craziness to rush into a new conflict
with any body or about anything that, with
decency, can be put off.
Between six and seven hnndred thousand
men have been disbanded during the last
four months, although the Confederate
South confessedly remaias restless and re
sentful. Preparations should be made for
a return to cash payments and the punctual
acquittance of 6 per cent, interest on a con
solidated debt of £600.000,000 sterling.
This implies necessarily the imposition of a
dead weight of permanent taxes of which
the people knew nothing in the days before
secession and civil war. Is this a time to
provoke a rupture with the greatest milita
ry power in Christendom? We think not;
but we do not on that account think less of
the settled determination and design to
thwart steadily and sedulously, though for
the present it may be silentlv and insidious
ly, the establishment of a Franco-German
Imperialism in Mexico.
Our republican cousins are masters of the
art of disintegrating a neighboring State,
and preparing thereby for its internal col
lapse, or upon beckoning for armed interfe
rence when the proper time shall have ar
rived. Already, as wo know, efforts have
been undisgnisedly made in various ways to
encourage and facilitate emigration from the
Anglo-Aniericau to the Spanish-American
commonwealth. The process may not as
yet have been carried on to a very palpable
extent; but of the fact there can be no
doubt; and of the advantages and facilities
it would afford, when a convenient time for
intervention should arrive, no one can effect
to be unconscious. That the time will come
we believe to be as certain as that midsum
mer will succeed Christmas. America keeps
her political Christmas now ijrith hard weath
er and good cheer, short days for campaign
ing, and long political nights wheroin to
recount past trials and triumphs, and to
picture forth. in the sanguine blaze that
brightens every household, new adventures
and annexations. The Monroe Doctrine is
not dead, is not disowned, is not even dor
mant. What might have been, had Napo
leon 111. reorganized the Southern Confed
eracy before it was exhausted and overpow
ered is a question it would now be useless to
discass. That he was willing and anxious
to do so in concert with England is well
known. Our co-operation being refused,
he hesitated and foreborc until it was too
late to accomplish any purpose by commit
ting himself to a quarrel with the federal
Union; and thus, we rejoice to think, he
threw away his only chance of seeing the
exotic system of rule he had planted, root
itself in Mexico. It will never take root
now. All his baponet digging about it, and
all his devices for irrigation with blood, will
fail, as they ought to fail. Juarez may be
hard pressed for a seasoD, and Egyptians,
bargained and paid for, may even cross the
ocean. Lille may be made the border trap
tor Belgiin and ether recruits, and French
regiments, though decimated with disease,
may be kept some time longer in that dis
tant scene of inglorious suffering. But
Maxamilian's dynasty will no monTbe ren
dered permanent or safe thereby than it is
to-day, The Monroe doctrine will no more
be driven out of the heads of American
Cavours than the idea of Unity will be ex
expelled from the brain of Germany. It is
essentially an idee Jtxr in each case: and
mere ratiocination upon the utilitarian mod
el will pass by it as the idle wind. If Mexico
does not revert to a representative govern
ment of its own, it will infallibly be absorb
ed into the ever-expanding Anglo-Saxon re
public. And France will have acquired not
even glory by the forcible setting up of a
European monarchy, with pinchbeck crown
and sceptre, with important treasure, and
an army on loan. All these things will but
serve as food for ridicule, scorn, and aver
sion, while their failure to assume the air
or answer the purpose of reality will only
incense national pride and national resent
ment.
ALWAYS TELL THE TRUTH. —The ground
work of all manly character is veracity, or
the habit af truthfulness.
That virtue lies at the foundation of every
thiug said. How common it is to hear pa
rents sav I have faith in my child so long as
he speaks the truth. He mav have many
faults, but I know that he will not deceive.
I build on that confidence. They are right
It is lawful and just ground to build upon.
So long as truth remains in a child, there is
something to depend on, but when the
truth is gone, all is lost, unless the child is
speedily won back again to veracity. Chil
dren, did you ever tell a lie? If so you are
in imminent danger. Return at once, little
reader, and enter the stronghold of truth,
and from it may you never depart.
To YOUNO 31 EN. —How, after the duties
of the day are over, do yon employ your
evenings? This is a question of importance.
If you have no regular employment, no fix
ed pursuits to engross yonr "atteation and
operate as a stimulus to the mind unem
ployed, you must of necessity, have many
leisure and unoccupied hours —intervals
when time will hang heavily on your hands
and suggest the necessity of some means to
relieve it of its weight. The very time
which is dissipated in idleness, would, if de
voted to study, enable many a youDg man to
obtain eminence and distinction in some use
ful art.
A DOUBLE DISAPPOINTMENT. —A Wes
tern editor apologizes to his readers some
what after this fashion:
' We expected to have a marriage and a
death to publish this week, but q vp'AjU
storm prevented the we-Miny. ;o < ih
tor Iming'taken rick himself, the patient
recovered, and we arc accordingly cheated
out of botb.
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TUE DESERTERS' RETURN.
We shall shortly be favored in this coun
try with the return of some hundreds, it has
been said thousands of absentees. The lat
ter have, during the last year or two, enjoyed
the hyperborean breezes of' Canada, or the
sultry airs of the West Indies, or the damp
fogs of England, or the dry atmosphere of
Italy. Some have fled with but little to
sustain them while away, and they baye been
compelled to suffer great privations in for
eign ports, being at times m danger of star
vation. Others have luckily hat) the funds
to support them in ease, and they hive been
called travelers. But under any circumstan
ces, these patriots who did not 'leave their
country for their country's good, 1 ' have been
in unpleasant situations abroad. They
might have borne upon the brow of each,
had military tribunals had the.r will of them
the word deserter; as it was they concealed
their shame deep in their hearts. How
meanly a man must feel who has abandoned
the cause of his country, either through
cowardice or want of patriotism! Even
when far away from his home, among stran
gers, who know nothing about hisuerilec
tions, he carries with him feelings of debase
ment. Six months have gone by since the
close of the war, and yet tne deserter firm
the draft has been kept in exile. In that
time armies have been mustered out of ser
vice rebels have been taken back into favor,
and much has been done towards the res
toration of peace anl harmony; hut the de
serter from the draft has been kept away
from his former home, through a fear that
his life, which wa.- forfeited by his flight,
might be taken. Unhappy season of delay;
sooiolly unhappy, peculiarly unfortunate,
entailing a heavy expense, and preventing
the victim from indulging in those specula
tions so rife at home, which a man sorrows
over when he hears that others are success- __
ful in them. But at length the deserter's
griefs are ended. The government has de
termined to be generous with him. It has
been resolved that there shall be no more
prosecutions for deserting, or for any offense
against the draft laws. So let the self made
exiles come; let them sneak back quietly and
take their old places if they are not already
filled. But let them also reflect upon their
trespasses, and if it is possible for them to
excite a generous emotion in their selfish
hearts, let them determine to be worthy of
the kindness which they have received, and
that henceforth their steps shall be guided
by patriotism and not by party.
DAMASCUS.
Damascus is the oldest city in the world.
Tyre and Sidon have crumbled on the shore
Baalbec i 3 a ruin; Palmyra lies burned in
the sands of the desert ; Nineveh and Baby
lon have disappeared from the shores of the
i Tigris and Euphrates; Damascus remains
what it was before the days of Abraham —a
centre of trade and travel, an Island of ver
dure in a desert, "a predestinated capital,"
with martial and sacred associations extend- V
iug beyond thirty centuries. It was "near
Damascus" that Saul of Tarsus saw the
"light from heaven above the brightness of
the sun;" the street which is called Strait,
in whichit was said "he prayeth," still runs
through the city. The caravan comes and
goes as it did a thousand years ago; there is
still the sheikh, the ass, and the watcrvrhecl
the merchants of the Euphrates and the
Mediterranean still "occupy" these "with
the multitude of their waiters." The city
which Mahomet surveyed from a neighbor
ing height and was afraid to enter "because
it is given to man to have but one paradise
and for his part he was resolved not to have
it in this world." is to this day what Julian
called "the eye of the East." as it was in the
time of Isaiah "the head of Syria." fVom
Damascus came the damson, our blue plums
and the delicious apricot of Portugal called
damasco; damask, our beautiful fabric of
cotton and silk, with vines and flowers raised
upon a smooth bright ground: the damask
rose, introduced into England in the time of
Henry VIII.; the Damascus blade, so fa
mous the world over for its keen edge and
wonderful elasticity, the secret of the manu
facture of which was lost when Tamerlane
carried off the artists into Persia; and that
beautiful art of inlaying wood and steel with
silver and gold—a kind of mosaic engraving .
and sculpture united called damaskeening,
with which boxes and bureauo, and swords
and guns are ornamented. It is still a city
of flowers aad bright waters: the streams
from Lebanon, the "rivers of Damascus,"
the "river of gold," still murmur and spar
kle in the wilderness of "Lyriah gardoue
THE FITNESS O* THINGS.— Did anybody
ever reflect how living in such a country as
Australia, for instance, must upset all one's
established ideas about the fitness of things?
Whatever previous experience of the points
of the compass a man may have had, is
here reversed. The guy no longer shines
from the southern half of the heavens, but
from the Northern. The old rule in the
school geographies, "Turn your face to the
sun, and you will have the west at your
right band and the east at your left.' must
be expuuged from his memory. The Aus
tralians go "down North" to spend the win
ter, and come "up South" during the hot
summer months. The first strawberries and
early potatoes come from "down North."
The needle of the compass points toward
the south, and the North Star is no longer
a symbol of steadiness. In short the north
and the south exchange places, and the
Australian poets must sing odes to "the
sunny north ' and "the icy south."
'Now girls,' raid Mrs. Pardington the
other day to her nieces; ' 'you mast get
husbands as soon as possible or they'll be
murdered.'
'Why so. aunt ?'
"Why, I see by the paper that we've got
almost fifteen thousand post offices, and
nearly all on 'era dispatches a mail every
day. The Lord have mercy upon us poor
widow?, and the lady stepped quickly to the
lookiug-glass to put on her new cap.
That was a wicked boy who when he waa
told that the r>est cure for the palpitation of
the heart was to quit kissing the girls, said:
"If that is the only remedy for palpitation,
I say, let'er palp!'
SIB ISAAC NEWTON'S nephew was a clergy
man. When he had performed the marriage
ceremony for a couple he always refused the
fee, saying,—"Go yfjur ways, poor wretches,
f hare done you mischief enough already.'
Was he or was he not a euject tor a lunatic
asylum?
A CHINESE BOY, who was IcarningEug
lish, coming across the passage in his Testa
ment, "We have piped unto you andye have
not danced," rendered it thus: "We have
toot, toot to yon. what's the matter you no
jump." i , -
CONSTANT companionship is not enjoyable
suy more than copstant eating is a possibili
ty. Wo sit too lopg at the table of friend
ship when we (>Ur appetites for each
other's thoughts. . .