®ht ffwKowl §fjuj#iw
IS PUBLISHEI>
EVERY FRIDAY MORNING,
BY
J. It, DIRI>ORKUH \>.b JORIS LITZ,
cN
JULIANA St., opposite the Mengel House
i ill I )F( > UI), PE NN A.
TERMM:
$2.00 a year if paid strictly in advance*
IT not paid within six months £2.80.
11 not paid within the year Ha.OO.
grofrftgional & jttgimss (Card*.
ATTOItMIYS AT LAW.
j Oil N PALMER,
Attorney at Law, Bedferd. Pa,.
Will promptly attend to all business entrusted to
his care.
V**.. Particular attention paid to the collection
of Military claims. Office on Julianna *t., nearly
opposite the Mengel Houso.) june 23, '65.1y
I B. CESSNA,
t) . ATTORNEY AT LAW,
Offiee with John Cessna, on Pitt *t.., opposite the
Bedford Hotel. All business entrusted to his care j
will receive faithful and prompt attention. Mili
tary Claims, Pension*, .to., speedily collected.
Bedford, dune 9, 1865.
I Of IN T. KEAGY.
) ATTORNEY AT LAW, Bunronn, Pa.,
Will promptly attend to all legal business entrust
ed to bis care. Will give special attention to
claims against the Government. Office on Juliana
street, formerly occupied by Hon. A. King.
prll:'s-*ly.
J. R. ntritBOBBOW JOHN LUTE.
1 vU" K BORROW A LUTZ,
J f ./ TTOR.YE V'S .IT /..f H\
Bkhkokh, Pa.,
V, ill attend promptly to all business intrusted to
tt.eir eare. Collections made on the shortest no
to-e.
They are, also, regularly licensed Claim Agents
and will give special attention to the prosecution
..f i In ins against the Government for Pensions,
Park Pay, Bounty; Bounty Lands, Ac.
tit! re on Juliana street, one door South of tho
''.Vcn_-el House" and nearly opposite the Inquirer
. i ,e. April 28, 1865:tf.
I JSI'Y M. ALSIP.
1 J ATTORNEY AT LAW, Bkbfobu, Pa.,
Will faithfully and promptly attend to all busi
ness entrusted to his care in Bedford audadjoin
iug counties. Military claims, Pensions, hack
pay. Bounty, Ac. speedily collected. Offiee with
.Mann A Spang, on Juliana street, 2 doors south
of the Mengel House. apl 1, 1864. —tf.
M. A. POINTS.
ATTORNEY AT LAW, BsnroHU, PA.
!!e.peelfullv tenders his professional service*
to the public. Office with J. W. Lingenfeltcr,
Hop. on Juliana street, two doors South of the
".Meiigle House." Dec. 9, 1564-tf.
1 ' IMMELI. AND LINGENFEJ,TEH,
1\ ATTORNEYS AT LAW, bkpfoki>, pa.
Have formed a partnership in the practice of
: • Law i'ffiee on Juliana Street, two doors South
i the Mengel House,
aprl. 1864—tf.
I <11N MOWER,
*1 ATTORN EY AT LAW.
Bbdforii, Pa.
April 1,1864.—tf.
DEXTISTS.
.. N. IIIUKOK J. - WISSICII, J".
1 vKNTISTS, Beopord, Pa.
1 / Office im the Bonk Building, Juliana Street.
All operations pertaining to Surgical or Mc
i-hanical Dentistry carefully and faithfully per
fumed and warranted. TERMS CASH,
jitnfi'lij-lv.
| vKXTISTKY.
IJ I. N. BOWSER, 11 c.srnF.XT Dentist. Wood
bkimct. Pa. will spend the sceond Monday, Tues
day. and Wednesday, of each month at Hopewell,
tlic rem.iiuiiig three days at Ulooiiy Kun, attend
ing to the duties of his profession. At all other
times I i ran be found in bis office at Woedbsry,
excepting the last Monday and Tuesday of the
-line month, which ho will spend in Martinsburg,
Blair county, Pennn. Persons desiring operations
should cull early, as time is limited. All opera
ion- warranted. Aug. 5,1864,-tf.
PHYSICIAM.
I vU. B. F. HARIIY,
I / Respectfully tenders his professional ser
vices to the citizens of Bedford and vicinity.
Office and residence on Pitt Street, in the building
formerly occupied by Ir. J. H. Hofius.
April I, 1864—tf.
1 L. MARBOURG, M. D.,
sj . Having permanently located respectfully
tenders his pnfessional -erv' -es to the citizens
of Bedford and vicinity. Office on Juliana street,
opposite the Bank, one door north of Hall A. Pal
mer's office. April 1, 1864—tf.
HOTELS.
B BEDFORD HOUSE,
AT HOPEWELL, Bedford Cocntt, Pa.,
BY HARRY DROLLINUER.
Every attention given to make guests comfortable,
who stop at this House.
Hopewell, July 29, 1564.
| r S. HOTEL,
I . JUARKISBURG, PA.
O-K.VER .SIXTH AND MARKET STREETS,
OPPOSITE HEAPING fl. R. DBPOT.
P. H. HUTCHINSON, Proprietor.
j infi:6i>.
\RRASHINGTOH HOTEL.
BEDFORD. Pa..
ISAAC F. GROVE, Proprietor.
THE subscriber would respectfully announce
1 his friends in Bedford County, and the public
-eiierally that he has leased for a term of years,
thi- large and convenient brick hotel, at the corner
of Pitt and Julianna Streets, Bedford l'a., known
a- the WASHINGTON HOTEL, and formerly
kept by Win. Dibeit-
Tbis Hoses is being thoroughly rc-flttcd nnd/e
--furnished. and is now opened for the reception of
Wests. Visitors to the BEDFORD SPRINGS,
and persons attending Court, wili find this House
* pleasant and quiet temporary home, Every at
tention will be paid to the accommodation and
comfort of guests.
the TABLE will at all times be supplied with
the best the markets afford. Charges willlie mod
erate.
Extensive Stabling is attached to this Hotel,
•iid a careful and competent Hostler will be in at
tendence.
special attention will be paid to the accommo
wmn of the farming community.
Coached leave this House Dailv, (Sundays ex
tqded) at 6$ o'clock, A. M.and 2o'clock P. M„ to
connect with the trains going East, from Mount
J' . Station and Bloody Run. A coach will also
tri-weekly, (Tuesday, Thursday and Satur
day) f.,r Somerset. The traveling public will find
it decidedly to their advantage to stop with him.
ISAAC F. GROVE.
Bedford, AprU T, 1565.
BAMKEBB.
0 * RIPP O. E. SHANNON V. BENHDICT
IKI'P, SHANNON A IX)., BANKERS,
*• Bedford, Pa.
BANK OF DISCOUNT AND DEPOSIT.
'ELECTIONS made for the East, West, North
" ou tb, and the general business of Exchange,
' -luted. Notes and Accounts Collected and
promptly made. REAL ESTATE
Kht and sold. apr.U.'M-tf.
JEWELER, Ac.
BORDER,
ITT STIiEET, TWO DOORS WEST US THI HHP
D U TKL, BK.FORD, PA.
at CHMAKER AND DEALER IN JEWEL
RY, SPECTACLES, AC.
1 - \v ke *f 8 otl ' lam ' a of fin* Bold and Sil
"itches, Spectacles of Brilliant Double Refin
a *' Bft c "tch Pebble Glasses. Gold
' t MiM, Breast Pins, Finger Kings, best
wi, ./. tlold Pens. He will supply to order
K O S° RT< '*olW. ftiixiw. PItOMIHAKT
I tsiian'if Ji'Domknt Not KB constantly on
fj the "Inquirer" Office
ffieOtorO 3Jnmurer.
Ill'K BO it ROW A LITZ Editors and Proprietors.
fteetyjj.
[From Hi<• Round Table.]
THE NATIONS DKAI>.
Four hundred thousand men,
The brave—the good—the true,
In tangled wood, in mountain glen,
On battle plain, in prison pen,
Lie dead for ine and you !
Four hundred thousand of the bra7e
Have made our ransomed soil their grave,
For me and yon !
Good friend, for ice and you !
In many a fevered swamp,
By many a black bayou,
In many a cold am] froven cauip,
The weary sentinel ceased his tramp,
And died for me and you !
From Western plain to ocean tide
Are stretched the graves of those who died
For you and me!
Good friend, for me and yon I
On many a bloody plain
Their ready sword they drew,
And poured their life-blood, like the rain,
A home—a heritage to gain,
To gain for me and you!
Our brothers mustered by our side.
They marched, and fought, and bravely died,
For me and you!
(rood friend, for me and you.
Up many a fortress wall
They charged—those boys in blue—-
'.Mid surging smoke, and volleyed ball
The bravest were the first to fail!
To fall for me and you !
Those noble men, —the nation's pride,—■
Four hundred thousand men have died,
For me and you !
Good friend, for me and you!
In treason's prison hold
Their martyr spirits grew
To stature like the saints of old,
While, amid agonies untold,
They starved for me and you!
The good, the patient, and the tried,
Four hundred thou-aud men have died,
For me and you !
Good friend, for me and you !
A debt we ne'er can pay-
To them is justly due.
And to the nation's latest day
Our children's children still shall say,
"They died for tnc and you !'*
Four hundred thousand of the brave
Made this our ransomed soil their grave,
For me and you !
Good friend, for me and you !
E. C. P.
THE VALUE OF RELIGIOUS IN FLU
ENCE.
It is hardly possible to duly appreciate
the beneficial influence which religion has
upon the interests of every civilized people.
A nation possessed of a well regulated code,
and rulers determined to carry out all the
functions of their office, may force a strict
observance to law and order, but it cannot
do away with that harsher spirit of the peo
ple, which always follows in the pathway of
vice and irreligion. Every nation needs a
religious influence to give it refinement and
dignity. Wherever there is no such influ
ence we find a recklessness and want of con
fidence displayed which destroys all prosper
ity and social happiness.
Religion has very strong influence in the
government of a people. Law operates by
force, hut religion influences the will. There
is not so much compulsion in the govern
ment of a religious people. There is a gen
eral adherence to the principles of right and
of justice, and a submissive spirit ready to
yield to whatever these principles may dic
tate. But a people without religion is guid
ed by no influence except the fear of the
law. And in such an instance it is not hard
to see how that they will each, with a total
uisregard for principle and for justice, strug
gle alone for the accomplishment of their
own selfish ends and purposes. And where
such is the case, and it cannot be otherwise
where there is no religious influence, how
caa there be any happiness or prosperity ?
Men will take advantage of the law whenev
er the least opportunity affords itself, and if
happily they meet with success and escape
its penalties, they will feel just as well satis
fied as if they had been guided by the dicta
tions of a true religious conscience. Ava
rice among such a people must become fruit
ful of a great deal of injury and hatred; an
evil which, when left unrestrained, will turn
the most prosperous nations hack towards
anarchy and barbarism.
A people cannot be governed alone by law
and be prosperous aDd happy. Mankind
has a nature which is too impassion ate and
selfish. We need an influence continually
over us which will curb our more evil pro
pensities and take away that disposition so
natural to us all of trampling upon the
rignts of others whenever we think it prob
able that we will be unobserved by the eye
of the law. And religion is just what af
fords this influence. It makes a people cau
tious. They are more careful to guard
against the violation of law, for all law we
believe to be founded on justice, and a vio
lation of it is a violation of those principle*
which Christians advocate.
So the crime and malice, distrust and en
vy, are all prohibited to a great extent by
the influence of religion : evils which breed
the greatest injuries and are the greatest
impediments to a nation's success. It is
commonly thought without consideratiin,
that religion is an individual concern. That
it is only conducive to personal interest.
But such is not the case. There never has
been a ereed or principle of any kind that
has had so wide a range of influence, or up
on which has depended so much the pros
perity of our race. Mankind is naturally
social, industrious, and enterprising. But
every people needs the golden chain of reli
gion to bind them together in harmony, and
exclude from them those more discordant el
ements of vice, which ever result in the in
fraction of peace and all moral and social
concord.
To cherish religion, then, is to cherish an
object most worthy of our regard: if *e
consider it, as we hare done, exclusive of
every other benefit aside from those which
we now enjoy in the world as individuals
and as nations. Even then we find it anob
ject worthy of our highest respect, to which
we owe the origin and safe preservation of
all the rights and privileges which we enjoy.
Let the infidel, then, • r any who nay delight
in the denunciation or scorn of religion,
pause and reflect that they are endeavoring
to destroy the very ground-work upon which
ever has rested and still must rest, all his
own personal hones and interests, and it
may be that a feeling of shame will crush
out that spirit of opposition which, with a
very premature considerasion, they cherish
against religion and its supporters. —Emn-
A LOCAL AND GENERAL NEWSPAPER, DEVOTED TO POLITICS, EDUCATION, LITERATURE"AND MORALS.
THE POET BRYANT.
Mr. Bryant will be 71 years old on the 2d
of November next. He bears his age well.
Frost lies white upon his ample beard, but
the tire of youth is in his eye, and his heart
still beats strongly and steadily, with a vital
force that shows no sign of serious physical
decay. His mind, working alertly and clear
ly, is as quick in perception and as logical in
deduction as it was twenty years ago. But
slight and agile figure, passing rapidly
among the crowds of the street, is that of a
man of thirty years rather thau the frame
which men usually associate with a septua
genarian's weight of years. He uses no
glasses to aid his vision. The nearest ap
proach he was ever known to make to a con
fession of imperfect sight was in my hearing
about a year ago. Going to a window to
read a newspaper, he uttered a ft* id natnr
ed remonstrance against the fineness of the
print, observing that he "did't intend to
wear spectacles so long as he could help it,
but wished the papers would not use such
small type."
In the matter of dress, Mr. Bryant is nei
ther a Count D'Orsaj- nor a Horace Greeley.
H greatly prefers cleanliness to style ; is al
ways tidy, but blissfully unconscious of the
requirements of fashion, and, like Dominic
Sampson, would quite be likely to attribute
to the preservative qualities of the atmos
phere the exceeding glossiness of any new
garment surreptitiously introduced into his
apartment over night. Yet he is orderly
and precise in his intellectual life —almost to
the extreme of fastidiousness and hypercrit
ieism, as if Nature's principle of compensa
tion were specially illustrated in his care. He
has a hearty contempt for shams, snobs and
silliness; admires pluck, perseverance and
industry; adoics Nature, and works hard for
the love of work, and readily recognizes a
worker when he sees him; finds his recrea
tion in recondite studies, in green fields, bab
bling brooks, and the study of natural forms
—in digging among the roots of language,
in planting trees, making newspapers, and
observing mankind—in the prattle of chil
dren and the wisdom of the schools—in short
in everything that the world does and men
think.
He has pleasant ways. At odd moments
he invites his friends to little trials of gym
nastic exercise. "Can you do that ?' he
said to a much younger man, suiting the ac
tion to the word by lifting himself to the j
top of the door by his hands, and swinging
up and down and sidewise, varying the sport
by grasping the door casing, and repeating
the feat in a more difficult position. The
junior tried it, but failed ; he had not
leaped so many high rail-fences in the coun
try as Mr. Bryant had leaped, and the brown
beard could not wag in air as the white one
wagged. Rarely, if a fence or a gate is in
the way at Roslyn, does its owner stop to
dodge it or open it. lie leaps it. If a
horse is not harnessed, he walks. If a storm
howls and a valued friend is lonely in a dis
tant house, he trudges off with an umbrella
in one hand and a boquct of flowers in the
other; offering the latter and his company,
where he knows that both will be welcome.
—Examiner and Chronicle.
STRIPPING A COUNTRY OF ITS
TREES.
The following article is well worthy of a
perusal. We know not its source :
The summer heats are beginning to dry
up the springs and brooks which were late
ly so full and noisy, and the attention of ob
serving people is again turned to the fact of
the diminution, year by year, of the quanti
ty of waters in our streams at certain sea
sons, in consequence of stripping the coun
try of its trees, and converting the forests
into pastures and tilled fields. Almost eve
rywhere our rivulets and rivers show, by cer
tain indications in their channels, that they
once flowed towards the sea with a larger
current than now. If we go on as we now
do, we shall at length sec many of our an
cient water courses as nearly obliterated as
Addison found them in Italy, when he
wrote: —
"Sometimes, misguided by the tuneful throng,
I look for streams immortalized in song,
That lost in silence and oblivion lie :
Dumb are their fountains, and their channels dry,
Yet run forever in the Mu ees' skill,
And in the smooth description murmur still."
This denuding a country of its trees has
made the rivers of Spain for the most part
mere channels for the winter rains. The
Guadalquiver, which some poet calls a
"mighty river," enters the sea at Malaga
without water enough to cover the loose
black stones that pave its bed. The Holy
Land now often misses the "latter rain," or
receives it but sparingly, and the brook Ke
dron is a long, dry ravine, passing off to the
eastward from Jerusalem to descend between
perpendicular walls beside the monastery of
Mar Saba to the valley of the Jordan and
the Dead Sea. Mr. Marsh, in his very in
structive book entitled "Man and Nature,"
has collected a vast number of instances
showing how, in the old world; the destruc
tion of the forests has been followed by a
general aridity of the couutry which they
formerly overshadowed. Whether there are
any examples of frequent rains restored to a
country by planting groves and orchards,
we cannot say—but we remember when
traveling at the West thirty-three years
since, to have met with a gentleman from
Kentucky who spoke of an instance within
his knowledge in which a perennial stream
had made its appearance where at the early
settlement of the region there was none.
Kentucky, when its first colonies planted
themselves within its limits, was a region in
which extensive prairies, burnt over every
year by the Indians, predominated.
More than forty years since, a poet of onr
country, referring to the effect of stripping
the soil of its trees, put these lines into the
month of one of the aboriginal inhabitants:
"Before these fields were shorn and tilled,
Full to the britn our rivers flowed:
The melody of waters filled
The fresh and boundless wood;
And torrents dashed, the rivulets played,
And fountains spouted in the shade.
"Those grateful pounds are beard no more;
The springs are silent in the sun;
The rivers, by the blackened shore,
With lessening current run.
The realm our tribes are crushed to get
May be a barTCn desert yet."
The causes which operate to uiake the
rains more frequent anu the springs more
regularly full in a well-wooded country, are
probably more than one. Under the trees
of a forest a covering of fallen leaves is
spread over the ground, by which the rains
arc absorbed and gradually given out to the
springs and rivulets. The trees also take up
large ouautities of this moisture in the
ground, and give it out to the air in the
form of vapor, which afterwards condenses
into clouds and falls in showers. All the
snows, likewise, that fall in forests are more
slowly melted and sink more gradually and
certainly into the earth thn when they fall
on the open fields. On the other hand, the
rains that fall in an an wooded region run off
rapidly by the water ttuir-es, and that, por
tion of tie m which should lie reserved for a
dry season is lost.
BEDFORD. Pa., FRIDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1865.
JET.
It is now about two years since this little
word has become quite prominently associa
ted in the popular mind with the female toi
let. One can indeed hardly peruse an arti
cle on the fashions of tho uay without meet
ing it at least half a dozen times, and every
lady out shopping seems in quest of jet hut
tons, bracelets, brooches, pins, &e. But
when we ask what this Set really is, whence
it comes, who invented it, few are able to
give a satisfactory reply. It may therefore
not be amiss to explain here the nature of
this important and popular article.
Jet, be it known, is a natural, not an arti
ficial substance. Externally it ranks next to
lava or polished coal, being in fact a species
of earth coal, nearly related to the brown,
although some yeart onouiiee it to be
hardened pitch. It bufiis veryVeadily, gives
out a greenish flame, and diffuses a resinous
odor on combustion. Extremely fragile and
brittle, it weighs somewhat heavier than
water, and is found in France and Spain in
the lower, and in England in the upper stra
ta of the Jura formation, usually Between
or in the immediate vicinity of brown coal
deposits. The substance Is brought to the
surface in large blocks, whose handling is
very difficult on account of its brittleness.
The blocks are carefully sawed into pieces
approaching in size pretty closely tne ob
jects for which they are to be used. By
means of a finely pointed steel the outline
of the shape into which the piece is to be
carved is then traced on the surface, and the
work proceeds to completion with knife and
chisel, like any ordinary wood carving.
Last of all conies the polishing process, by
which the substance, originally of a brown
ish color, receives the bright black lustre
that has rendered it so very popular with
the ladies as an article of ornament
Hut as, according to SOLOMON, there is
nothing new under the sun, so jet is no nov
elty. It was known to the ancients, who
used it for the same purposes as ourselves.
Jet ornaments have frequently been discov
ered in Roman and in ancient British tombs.
Among the articles lately exhumed in Pom
peii were brooches, bracelets, and chains of
jet, so artistically wrought as to defy modern
imitation. England has since remote times
been the chief depository of jet. and manu
factures of the article flourished in that
country long ago. In the days of Queen
ELIZABETH the town of Whitley had alieady
established quite a reputation for the extent
of its jet manufactures. In a manuscript
dated 1730, entitled: ' The Journey of a
Portuguese Merchant, Don MANTEL GON
ZALES, in Great Britain, " the author speaks
of a jet being found in Yorkshire. In the
course of the last century the use of the
substance for ornaments appears to have
rapidly declined, and it was left to the capri
cious rumor of fashion to raise its reputa
tion ence more in popular esteem.
The manufacture of jet is of no small im
portance to the places that have engaged in
it as a regular branch of industry. The
town of AV hitley continues of considerable
note to the present day, and exported last
year over £30,000 sterling worth of jet or
naments. Its manufacturers got up an ex
hibition last fall, when the beauty, variety,
and finish of the articles exhibited received
enthusiastic praise from artistic and indus
trial sources. In Oviedo, in the Spanish
province of Asturia, jet is also manufac
tured, but its products do not appear to
command such high prices as the English.
GEN. POPE AND THE ASSISTANT
SECRETARY OF WAR.
Here is a little story about General Pope
which teaches one of the fine moral lessons
which are always so delightful:
I heard, while at Pillow, an anecdote of
Gen. Pope—an officer of ability, but some
times a very unpleasant man, with a pom
pous and hectoring manner—which will
bear repetition. While at his headquarters
the General was approached by a rather
small, plajn-looking, and entirely unassum
ing man, in citizen s attire, with the ques
tion:—
"Are you Gen. Pope, sir?"
"That is my name, ' was the answer in &
rather repelling tone.
"1 would like to see you, then, on a mat
ter of business."
"Call on my adjutant, sir. He will ar
range any business you may have."
"But I wish to have a personal conversa
tion with you."
"See my adjutant," in an authoritative
voice.
"But—"
"Did I not tell you to see my adjutant?
Trouble ine no more, sir," and Pope was
walking away.
"My name is Scott, General," quietly re
marked the small plain man.
"Confound you! What do I care," thun
dered Pope, in a rising passion, "if your
name is Scott, or Jones, or Jenkins, or
Snooks, for the matter of that? See my
adjutant, 1 tell you, fellow! Leave my
presence!"
"I am.' continued the quiet man, in his
quiet way, "the Assistant Secretary of War,
and—"
M hat a revolution those simple words
made in the trenend's appearance and man
ner!
His angry, haughty, domineering air was
dispelled in a moment, and a flush of confu
sion passed over his altered face.
"I beg your pardon, Mr. Scott, I had no
idea whom I was addressing. Pray be seat
ed; I shall be happy to grant you an inter
view at any time.
Possibly a very close observer might have
seen a faint, half-contemptuous smile on the
Secretary's lips, though he said nothing, but
began to unfold his business without com
ment.
After that unique interview Pope and the
Assistant Secretary were very frequently
together, and I venture to say the latter
had no reason subsequently to complain of
the General's rudeness. — New York Trib
une.
A PRACTICAL JOKE. —In Berks county,
says an exchange, one of the political par
tics had for twenty years been in the habit
of holding their nominating conventions at
the House of Mr. G
He happened on a recent occasion for the
first time to be in when they had finished
their business, and heard a little delegate
move that "this convention adjourn we
die.''
"Sine die!" said Mr. G , to a per
son standing near, "whore's that?"
"Why that's way in the northern part of
the county," said his neighbor.
. ."Hold on if you please, Mr. Chcerman,"
said the landlord, with a great emnhasisand
earnestness, "hold on, sir, I'd like to be
heard on that (question. I have kept a pub
lic house now for mor'n twenty years. I'm
a poor man. I've always belonged to the
party and never split in my life. This is the
most central location in the county, and it's
where we've allers met. I've never had nor
asked an office, and have worked night and
day for the party, and now I think, sir, it is
contemptible to go adjourning this oonTen
tioq way up to sine die.
WORDS.
Words! words! how swiftlv they fly!
What mighty engines for good or evil!
Diverge in their nature, they flash along
over the wires, and along the columns of the
press; filling the hearts with hope, or fear,
joy or sorrow, felicity or despair.
There are words that never die. whose
memory, like the sandal wood, ever sends
up a hallowed breath; and words which pass
with the breath of the speaker away. There
are words which carry healing to the sad
heart, and words which crush and blight
the young jovful hopes of the bravest spirit.
\ es, words are mighty things, and how
carelessly we use them; bright., sharp weap
ons, quite as telling in their nature, as Min
nie balls and Sharpe's rifles.
Sharper than a two-edged sword they
cleave through nerve and marrow, making
wounds that never heal, festering and cank
ering, though sometimes covered over by the
withered leaves, and flowers that choke and
moulder in overy human heart; or bv the
shattered wrecks of the dead hopes and joys
that are foreversettling slowly, surely, down
ward to a grave from which there is no res
urrection; but they are there, and there they
stay forever.
Words, gentle, sincere and kind, from a
warm, full heart, make friends which death
hath no power to sever.
Words elevated and refined, ennoble and
make better—pcails, diamonds,or sharp cut
ting weapons of which we all inherit a goodly
store. Do you ever think, dear reader, how
you use them, and whether pearls, diamonds
or envenomed darts are most frequently in
requisition?
A WORKING MAN.
He is the noblest man of whom our free
country can boast; whether at the workshop
or at the plow, you find him the same no
ble-hearted, free, and independent being.
And if there is a man in society upon whom
we look with esteem and admiration, it is the
independent, sober working-man. We care
not whether he be a farmer, mechanic or
common laborer—whether his toils are en
dorsed in the workshop, the field or the coal
mine—whether his home is in the backwoods
or the neat cottage—our admiration is the
same. What a happy picture he presents;
what a reward for his labor, who by his own
unaided exertions, establishes for himself a
respectable position in society; who com
mencing in poverty, by his skill and assidu
ity, surmounts every obstacle, overcome?
every predjudicc, and finally succeeds in
forming a character whose value is enhanced
by those who come after hint Such a man
wo prize as the noblest work of which na
ture is capable—the highest production she
can boast. And let it tie borne in mind by
the young working man just entering upon
the stage of life—let it ever lie at the foun
dation and be the nioviug spring of all his
efforts —that for this situation he must strain
every nerve to attain. It can be attained by
all. Untiring industry and virtuous ambi
tion never fail to find their reward They
never yet were exerted in vain, and never
will be while honesty and justice find a home
in the human breast.
HINTS ON ETIQUETTE. —1. The comer of
a visiting card is turned down to intimate
that the caller intends the compliment to
include some second member of the family
in the house.
2. A lady should not rise from her seat
when a gentleman is brought up and intro
duced to her unless he is an elderly gcnlcwan
or. from peculiar motives of family connec
tion, the lady wishes to pay him the mark
ed attention of shaking hands at a first in
terview.
3. After dining at a house for the first
time, a card should he left the next day, or,
at the latest, the third day after.
4. When people meet at the house of a
common friend, they may converse together
without an introduction, if they find them
selves in proximity, and an occasion arises
for speaking, but without a special introduc
tion. neither lady would recognize the other
if they met in public the next day.
5. "Not at home" may mean not in the
house or not at home to visitors, the latter
worths understood, but not expressed. I
fear there is no polite alternative; for certain
ly, when I drove up to a door, if my foot
man brought me back word, "Mrs. So-and
so is engaged.'' I should consider it equiva
lent to "cut airect." When there has been
a death in the family, or if there is an illness,
the servants may very properly be instruct
ed to say that " their raisstress does not re
ceive visitors." This, under the circum
stances, will readily be understood to have
general signification.
f>. A lady who is about to leave the city
should certainly leave her own and her hus
band's card at all the houses wheYe she vis
its, with the P. P. C, or P. F. A., which in
timates her husband's departure; but she
certainly should not add the name of the
place to which she is going; this is never
done.
DEATH OK THE GREAT ILLINOIS FARM
ER. —Jacob Strawn, of Jacksonville, Mor
gan county, Illinois, died suddenly at his
residence on the 24th of August. Mr. Strawn
was a very remarkable man. He went to
Illinois at an early period, and commenced
business as a fanner and purchaser of cattle
for the western and other markets. It is
said that his whole fortune at the time of
his settling in Morgan county consisted of
half a dollar in silver. He however, had
entered 500 acres of land. But energy, in
dustry, and iterseverance, enabled him in
the course of thirty-five years to amass a
very large fortune. He was one of the lar
gest landholders in the State.
Mr. Strawn went to Illinois from Ohio in
1830. Previous to moving his family to Il
linois he entered about 500 acres of land
near Jacksonville, at $1 25 per acre. This
was the nucleus of the immense landed pro
perty he possessed when he died, amount
ing to between thirty and thirty-five acres.
The land is now worth from ?40 to SSO per
acre. At this valuation Mr. Strawn's land
ed property alone would be worth $1,500,-
000. Mr. Strawn was immensely stout,
would probably weigh 350 pounds, and gen
erally rode in a low buggy. If he could get
a friend, or even a stranger, to ride with
him, post him on the news of the day, but
especially open the gates on his property, he
considered ne bad made quite a point for
the day. During the war he was a thor
ough Union man, and did a great deal to
moderate the Copperhead seutiiucut of his
section of the State. A short time since he
offered to give SIO,OOO to the State Sanita
ry commission, if the people of Morgan
county would subscribe doubie that amount.
The money was raised, and Mr. Strawn pre
sented his check for the SIO,OOO. Besides
his immense real property, Mr. Strawn has
a large amount of money loaned.
The following specimen of Western elo
quence in the closing paragraph of the inau
gural address just delivered i>y the Mayor
of Indianola, Iowa: "With these few de
re gotarr remarks, gentlemen, I tender you
ny diabolical congratulations, and subside
into a useful and Union loving citizen of this
great and conglomerated republic."
VOLUME 3H; XO. 43.
i Not Inclined to Kiss the Rod. — A
kuutbern officer writes humorously to the
Mobile Register, in reply to the accusation
of a Northern -Newspaper that the South
ern people still praise their own Generals,
and neglect to praise those who have saved
the Republic. He thinks the Yankees must
have queer ideas about Southern human na
ture if they expect anything different, and
says:
"Nor do I sing paeans to the Union Gen
era!a for saving the Republic, for at the
time the thing was done it, struck me they
saved the wrong one. It may be that I
ought to feel grateful to the Generals who
thrashed me and all my friends, within an
inch of .ur lives, hut, in the language of
Mr- A. Ward, "I don't see it in those lamps.''
\\ c all admire the artistic beauty of the
style in which the Union Generals put us
through ; we make no attempt to suppress
or disguise the fact that the thing was done
handsomely in point of skill; but to de
nounce us as a set of ungrateful sons of
guns, because we don't expend our iuk and
eloquence in constantly saying so, would be
called, in some countries, a premeditated
attempt to add insult to injury'.''
CTRE FOR DYSENTERY.— Dr. Paige of
Washington, communicates to the Republi
can of that city the following simple remedy,
long kuown in family practice, and which
was recently tried in the camp of the New-
York twenty-second regiment, where there
were from eighty to one hundred cases daily,
and with rapid cures in every case:—ln a
teacup half full of vinegar, dissolve as much
salt as it will take up, leaving a little excess
of salt at the bottom of the cup. Pour
boiling water upon the solution till the cup
is two-thirds or three-quarters full. A scum
will rise to the surface, which must be re
moved, and the solution allowed to cool.
Dose, a teaspoonful three times a day until
relieved. The rationale of the operation of
this simple medicine will readily occur to the
pathologist, and in many hundred trials I
have never known it to fail in dysentery and
protracted diarrhoea.
MANNERS. —"I make it a poii T of moral
ity,says a writer, "never to find fault
with another for his manners. They may
he awkward 01 graceful, blunt or polite, pol
ished or rustic. I care not what they are if
the man means well, and acts from honest
intentions without eccentricity or affectation.
All men have not the advantage of "good
society, as it is called, to school themselves
in all its fantastic rules and ceremonies, if
there is any standard of good sense and not
upon these artificial regulations. Manners,
like conversation, should be extemporaneous
and not studied. I always suspect a man
that meets me with the perpetual smile on
his face, the same bending of the body, and
the same premeditated shake of the hand.
Give me the heavy, it may be rough—grip
of the hand, the careless nod of recognition
and when occasion requires, the homely but
welcome salutation : "How are you. my old
friend?"
A sturdy sergeant of one of our Massachu
setts regiments being obliged to submit to
the amputation of his hand, the surgeon of
fered to administer chloroform; but the vet
eran refused saying—"lf cutting was to be
done on him he wanted to see it," and lay
ing his arm on the table submitted to the
operation without a sigh of pain, except a
firmer setting of the teeth as the saw struck
the marrow. The operator, as he finished,
looked at his victim with admiration, and
remarked—"You ought to have been a sur
geon, mv man." "I was the next thing to
before I enlisted," said the hero.
"What was that?" asked the doctor. "A
butcher!" responded the sergeant wiih a
smile, which despite the surroundings com
municated itself to the bystanders.
\\ OMEN AND MEN. —Women may talk of
their inherent rights as much as they please,
but they cant overcome nature. Men and
oaks were made to be twined, and women
and ivy were made to be twined about them.
Though an equality were established between
calico and cassimere to-morrow, it would not
be a week before all the officers would be men,
and all the soldiers women. Females are
perfectly willing to go ahead, provided the
men go first. Bet fire to a steamboat, and
not a yard of dimity will budge till corduroy
sets the example. So long as the men cling
to the vessel, the women will cling to the
men. But if the men plunge overboard,
feminines plunge too. As we said before,
reformers may prate about equal rights, but
thej' can't alter the regulation of God. It
sas impossible for women to free themselves
irom men, as it is for steel dust to free itself
ffrom its attachment to a magnet.
DOMESTIC SCENES. —These are sometimes
made very mortifying as well as ludicrous by
the officious interfering of children, who like
to have a finger in all sorts of pies. How
provoking it is, for instance, when a lady is
pressing her visitor to take the last biscuit
on the plate with the assurance that "there
are plenty in the kitchen," to have a little
daughter cry out, in the simplicity of her
heart: "Mother, you are mistaken, there's
only two more in the bake oven, and papa
hasn't come to tea yet!"
young lady advertised in the Cleve
land Plaindealcr for a young gentleman to
act amanuensis. He must be able to write
in cipher: and wher. not engaged he will be
expected to read poetry with feeling, con
verse with ease, and bo able to play cribbage
and backgammon. lie must expect to be
kissed when she is pleased, and cuffed when
she is not: but as her temper is acknowl
edged to be good, there will probably be
more kissing than cuffing. There's a good
chance for somebody.
ECHO. —Jn certain localities among the
mountains, the traveller's voice is echoed
back from a hundred sides at once, out of
dark gorges, down the long slopes, from the
perpendicular rocks—indeed, from every
where, as it seems, the reverberations of low
ly spoken words come rolling upon the as
tonished car. There are certain positions
in life, too, where a man's influence, uncon
scious as well as designed, finds an echo in
a multitude of minds—an echo that dies not
suddenly away, but is prolonged, often, far
into the future, sometimes into eternity.
LOOK OFT KOR HIM.— An exchange raps
011 the knuckles a certain class in this good
style:
When you find a man writing his adver
tisement and sticking it up at* the postrf
fice, or in hotels,, or on the street posts, in
stead of publishing it in his town paper,
look out for him —the very act shows that
he is too close-fisted to deal with to advan
tage This is the 1 frozen truth."
"Brick" Pomeroy says there is an editor
in La Crosse who has kissed so u;uhSweet
ness from the lips of the girts, that lie is
as. csser? a crushed sugar, on account of the
sweetness he has gathered, and the squeez
ing he has endured,
RATES OF ADVERTISING.
All advertii-eraents for low than 3 icon the 10
cent? per line for each insertion. Special notices
one half additional. All resolutions of Astoria
tion y communications of a limited or individual
interest and notices of marriages and deaths, ex
feeding five lines, 10 cts. per line. All legal noti
ces of every kind, and all Orphans' Court and
other Judicial sales, are required by law to be pub
lished in both papers. Editorial Notices 15 cents
per line. All Advertising due after first insertion.
A liberal discount is made to persons advertising
by the quarter, half-year or year, as follows:
3 months. 6 months. 1 year.
One square $ 4.50 $ #.OO $10.66
Two squares..., 6,00 9.00 16.00
Three squares 8.00 1 j.BO 20.00
One-fourth column 14.00 20.00 15.00
Half column 18.00 25.00 45.00
One column 30.00 45.00 80.00
SOUTHERN SUFFRAGE LAWS.
Regulations of the Elective Franchise in
the Southern State*.
The following is an abstract of the provi
sions in the constitutions of the late slave
.States in force immediately prior to the or
dinances of Secession, so far as they bear on
the question of the right of suffrage. It will
be seen that no two of them entirely agree
in any other respect than that of excluding
minors, blacks, and females from voting.
DELAWARE,
by her Constitution as revised in 1831. article
4, section 1, gives the elective franchise to
"every free white male citizen of the age of
twenty two years, or upwards" who has
resided one year in the State and the last
month thereof in the county, and who has
within two years paid a county tax, assessed
at least six months before the election; every
free white male citizen over twenty-one ana
under twenty-two may vote without paying
any tax. Soldiers quartered iu the State are
not made voters thereby; idiots, insane per
sons, paupers, and felons are excluded from
voting and the legislature may impose for
feiture of the right of suffrage as a punish
ment for crime.
MARYLAND,
by her Constitution, adopted in 1851, article
1, section 1, allows "every free white male
person of twenty one years of age, or upwards
who has resided one year in the State, six
months in the county, and is a citizen of the
United States, to vote in the election district
in which he resides, but no adult convicted
of an infamous crime, unless pardoned, and
no lunatic or person non cornpo* nietdit shall
vote.
'VIRGINIA
by her old Constitution of 1851, admitted to
vote "every white male citizen of Virginia
of twenty one years, who bus resided two
years in the State and twelve months in the
county except persons of unsound mind,
paupers, non-commissioned officers, soldiers
seamen, or marines in the United States ser
vice, or persons convicted of bribery, or some
infamous offence; persons in the military and
naval Unite J States service not to be deemed
residents by virtue of being stationed therein.
NORTH CAROLINA,
by her Constitution of 1776, prescribed three
bases of suffrage:
1. All freemen twenty-one years old who
have lived in the country twelve months,
and have had a freehold of fifty acres for six
months, may vote for a member of the Sen
ate.
2. All freemen of like age and residence
who have paid public taxes may vote for
members of the House of Common? for the
county.
3. The above two classes may, if residing or
owning a freehold in a town, vote for mem
bers of the House of Commons for such town
provided they shall not already have voted
for a member for the county and vice vena.
By the Constitution, as amended in 1855,
all freemen twenty one years of age, living
twelve months in the State, and owning a
freehold of fifty acres for six months, should
vote, except that
"Xo free negro, free mulattoor free person
of mixed blood descended from negro ances
tors to the fourth generation inclusive,
(though one ancestor of each generation
may hare been a white person), shall vote
for members of the Senate or House of
Commons.,
It strikes us that the above clause is rather
severe on white blood!.
SOOTH CAROLINA,
l by her Constitution of 1790, prescribed that
every free white man of the age of twenty
one years, being a citizen, and two years a
resident of the State, having owned a free
hold of 50 acres, or a town lot for six months
or in default thereof, having paid a tax
of three shillings sterling shall vote for mem
bers of either house. >o person, however
was eligible to such a seat except a free white
man, of the age of twenty one years, a citi
zen, and for three years a resident of the
State; and. if a resident in the district, he
must own five hundred acres of land and,ten
negroes, or real estate to the value of £l5O
sterling; if a non-resident, he shall own a
freehold therein worth £SOO.
This was amended in 1808, giving the suf
frage to "every free white man of the age of
twenty one years (paupers and non commis
sioned officers and privates, United States
Army excepted,) being a citizen and resident
for two years, with a freehold of fifty acres
or a town lot for six mouths in the district,
or in default thereof being himself for six
months a resident of the district,"
GEORGIA,
by her Constitution, adopted in 1793, de
clares that "the electors of the General As
sembly bhali be citizens of the age of twenty
one years, who have resided two years in the
State and shall have paid all taxes required
of them and rcsidea six months in the
county.''
KEN'TCCKY.
by her Constitution adopted in 1850, makes
every free white male citizen of the age of
twenty one years, who has resided two years
in the State, one year in the county, and -
sixty days in the precinct, a voter.
TENNESSEE,
by her Constitution, adopted in 1824, gave
the election franchise to every free white
man of the age of twenty one years being a
citizen of the United States, and for six
months a citizen of the county; provided
that all persons of color, who are competent
witnesses in a court of justice against a
white man, may vote.
LOUISIANA,
by the old Constitution of July Slst, 1852, ,
gave the ballot to every free, white man who
attained the age of twenty one yeats, and
has resided twelve months in the State and
six months in the parish.
MISSISSIPPI,
makes every free white male person of twenty
one years of age, who shall be a citizen of
the United States, who has resided one year
in the State and four months in the county,
a pualified elector.
ALABAMA .
is the same as Mississippi with the substitu
tion of three months, residence in the county.
FLORIDA,
limits the suffrage to "every free white pale ,
person'' of twenty one years of age a citizen
of the United States, two years a resident of
the State and six months of the county—
duly enrolled in the militia—and duly regis
tered provided that no soldier or seaman
quartered therein sha 11 be deemed a resident
and the legislature may exclude from voting
for crime.
ARKANSAS,
makes every free white male citizen of the
United States twenty ouc years of age who
shall have resided six mouths vn the State,
a qualified voter in the district'where he re
sides, except that no soldier, seaman or ma
rine in the United States service can vote in
the State. \
TEXAS
gives the vote to "every free male person"
who shall have attained the p?e of twenty
one years, a citizen of the United States or
of the republic of Texas one year a resident of
the State and six months of tfce county. Ijii
iliaos not taxed, Africans and the
dants of Africans, excepted.)—Zajufitter
Examiner and flarald- '