13. F. McXEIL, Editor an|T*i oprietor, Bgfc ra BJ[f IS PUBLISHED Ewry Friday Homing on Julian!* Street, OPPOSITE Tlir ESa Hot SE, nisrOßD, BEDPORDCODSTY, PA. TERMS: ' ft 1.75 a year if paid strictly in advance, ■ - . ,;a within six months, $2.50 if not paid' la six months- A ' Rates of Advertising. giU ><- >r*S Ore Square - jj 0 oa 10 nfi Two squares,.-,- fto 9 o0 15 00 Three squaref " (J0 ()0 55 O o r"' w'""" 00 3a 00 65 00 . ;• rt -,r*' and Executors' noticess2.so, Auditors if onder 10 tines. Kstrays if he '" 0M •. T ,-artiseii 25 '-ants on every additional head. ,! £V V" ri* the SfACK occupied by ten lines of min 10P°Bi !f* square under five lines count as a 25" ....... all over five lines a full square. Adv er v'PO..- charged to persons handing them in. FRQ 7. S.X 1 1 >X \L AND BI > IXESS f ARPfr. II AKERS. XTTOIS.VET AT LAW, BEDFORD. PA. 7stTeet, two doors north of the Inquirer Office. Acr"i,iso4 —tl. " ISPT ". ALSIP, ATTORNEY AT LAW, BEDFORD. PA., cr ■ &Ithfitilv and promptly attend to all business en- fhis eareTn Bedford and adjoining cannties. M Uitary claims, Pensions, back pay, Eoun ~ street, 2 doors fetstb aftha Meogel House. Acritl, 1884.—tT. ■ ■■ — H ATTORSEY AT LAW. BlfTlPOan, P A. O {fir-cone door south of the "Heogcl House," Till Attend promptly to alt hudr e intrusted to his care. "SKT SS 8 5X525 "?* 5J5K5 ffSfT tt trr'of claims oral! .ftk Pay, Boaoty, Bounty Loans, Ac. Bed ford, - aor- 8, 1504 —tf. _ ALEX. HIS 6, ATTORNEY AT LAW, *r.c agent for procuring "rears of P-y Bounty anr**?. Office on Juliana street, Bedford, id- APui 1, iSW —it- . _ EMIMELEd hIJifIEJIITATER, ATTOE3EYS AT LAW - , BEDFORD, PA- F , - formed a partnership in the practice of the Law of f..jL T&na Street, two door. s.oci. or the >tengci Hos? - * April I,ISC4 —tr. JOHN AJOIt, rTSTIC* OF THE PEACE, HOPEWELL, BEDFORD COCSTY. i" ,1 lections and all business pertaining to his office will Also settling up partnership, and other ac counts. April t, ISB4—tf. J SO. MOWER, ATTORNEY AT LAW. BEDFORD, P i., April MBB4. —tf. JOSEPH 4V. TATE, ATTOBEEY AT LAW, BEDFORD PA. SXTTT I, nroTni'tlv attend to collections and all business \\ r.ntruiicfi to his rare in Bedford and ,: fr V.mey advanced cn judgment F- s for -ale Town Lots, in Pattenssillo. and 2 on Bedford Railroad, tana, and unim proved Land in quantities to MJit . g b lL Office . ppositetho Banking House of Reel & Bcaeii. aj.r, 15. 1564 —lb m. - HUPP, SHANNON, & CO., BANKERS, J3edlb>rcl, Pa.. BANK OK DISCOUNT AND DEPOSIT. /"V' L't.LOTIONS made for the East, Host. North and ( j S nth. and the general business of Ixchangc.tran.- actod. N.desand Accounts t olleetcL and Remittance. promptly made. R KAL ESTATE bought and sold. G. W. ltvpp, 0. E. SIXASHOS, E- BHSEDICT. SPT. if'. 18(14 tL • " I'HYSK'IANS, &('. I.N. BOWSER, OKXTIKT. PermenentlT located in Woodberry, will carefnllv and nira-.TiaUly stiend to all operations entrusted to his care. 4 ee'B inserted from ono to an entire sett, in the latest and Taw approved stylo, and at rate? more reasonable than ev es tefqro oiTered in this section of oonntry. ( nil and tee m>nt artio/Ksri. All operations warranted* W vodhiiry. April 1, 1884. —tf. DR. B. F. HARRY, ft.met felly tenders his professional services to the eiti.i- rs •' Bedford and vicinity. Office and residence on F;* Btrett, in the building formerly occupied by Dr. J. 11. Hofias. W pr'.l 1. 1884 —t f. C.N. HICKOK DI2STIST. OFFICE IS BA VK'BriLDI.YG, BEDFORD, PA. Aprt I.l sßL— tf. J.E. MARBOURG, M. D. uaring permanently located respectfully tenders his professional aerviv-ea to the citizens of Bedford and vi air -'.y. Otßre on Juliana Street, opposite the Bank, one doer north of Dull & Palmer's office. 4pru 1. 1884—tf. DANIEL BORDER. Trr STREET, TWO htmik* WE*t or tb BEDFORD HOTEL, Bedford, Pa. U atchnaher& - lh-alcr in Jewelry, Spectacle*, Ac TTE-KEEPS ON H4.ND A BTOCK OF FINE GOLD jJL iXD gtLVEI: WATCHES, SPECTACLES OF .Brilliant Double Refined Glasses, also geotch Pebble ftlwaes. O' ld Watch Chtaas, Breast Pins, Finger Rings, besf quality of Gold Pens. Ha will supply to order any thing in hia line not on band. apr. 8,1884 —at. . -■*—. j—— — HOTELS. THE MENGEL HOUSE. Tkree Doors NORTH OF THE PFBLIC SQCAKE, JCLIAYA ST. Bedford, Pa. . ITTI? ITOUSE so well known to the traveling public, 1 continues under the charge of Isaae MengeL He f 'par** n pains to snpplv thi wants and comfort of ail ho farn r b i m w j,{i their patronage. 1/is table i* sjiread # vitb she h<- the market affords. His chambers %r " ka-Vteoaietr furnished. A ciavenDnr. stahle D at .*cbes So the House, attend?:] by care/ni hostlers, spr. ff. 1884— zr. A LOCAI, AND GENERA!. NEWSPAPER. DEVOID TO POLITICS. JSDTJCA'ItON, LITERATURE AND MORALS. TIE TttHMPHS OF SCIENCE. "Knowledge is Power." Iropose, in a few articles, to consider what on has accomplished for the world, an 1 its relation to the progress of individuals nteileetual powers ennoble man, distin lim from lower order of creation, and are if glory. The cultivation of these is las nd conduces to his happiness. Talents ato be improved, not to be buried. The ch secures knowledge is richly repaid iu aisition. The educated man has eyes to iieautiful things of earth: ears to hear the armonies of Nature; hands to gather up elef the fabled It-. Golden harvests gathered and garner p'ay: spindles and looms converting woo!, p i silk into fabrics of the finest texture ■•.test beauty, with astonishing rapidity ; ■y ore dug f.- .m the bowcL of the earth, fe moulded and polished, transferred to our I® >r service or ornament, ail these tell of the feyis of science. Btmliering coach and sluggish hark, which lur fathers, is exchanged for the commo :iin, which flies through valleys, darts tunnels and sweeps across the plain, con jpt ■ :i at -.1 merchandise from the seaport to fs of the West, or the wilderness beyond, days, the long journey, which it once ni nths to accomplish. as, when it was thought a wonderful cans of reeking couriers to carry intelli hundred miles, between the rising and jof the sun. Now. the telegraph flash es age across a continent, in the twinkling p : and the merchants in St. Louis, is ap tthe prices of exchange in N . Y. befoie pelican has read his morning papers.— ander-in-chiefof a nation's forces, seat ■cluded appartment, is informed of the I contest. Irefore the booming of cannon lwav. and the smoke of battle disappear (Sß • remotest hamlet in the laud, rejoices city, in the restoration of peace. K' ic is dry on the parchment, which pi di iss and fealty. V-jn;f of the Press, books are indefinably Sari. j>d as cheaply furni.-hed. that aiabor- i 'hv may purchase what was beyond pi of lings; and orators, who once spoke l tmusands, now address a nation, in lifts tlit breathe and words that burn." T e '.vjowe it, that the condition of man has b&ioraied. his comforts increased, his means ft essLigmcnted; the dim twilight of Civ pi-ceiling towards tlic meridian of abet- BiiOreJ glorious day. Let it receive due WJt wist it lias accomplished, whilst we pv T|IO gave these faculties of mind, by Sin his soared like a bird of dawn, into iter tigions of thought and action, h ari reminded that progression is the priirel We have at first in the seed, a pf"f fife burning through its covering, jjwUtkj then the ear. and at the last, the fuin the ear. Pay by day, atul year by Jfe ndf r child passes on to maturity, then h elf with the attributes of noble inan itc like manner, the development of tin Pfiiual, and knowledge is acquired by slow de- ;r. Isaac Newton began with the alpha he the common school. Daniel Webster lai mdation of his intellectual greatness. IJher who trains the youthful mind, as ■ipon.-sible trust, and undertakes anobfe w<- he wlio dear ; away the rubbish of ig oo error, and lays the corner-stone of an Me edifice. If his work be imperfectly do rn re will reveal it. If the first print"!- phwledge be not clearly imparted, and Mgpressed, the wind will never attain to Wtwer, and freedom of thought- A dis rii statesman acknowledge his indebted- B e >an who. in the low-thatched school- P®ht him the rudiments of an English Pnd cherished his memory with even Bl ' -e and afTection than that of a learned Phho conducted him through the al>- S"of metapysical truth. A clergyman of bed natural gifts, who might have P l *' ;he highest position in the gift of the P® pies an unimportant place, his inau- Kby reason of the defectiveness of his ®*Gn. If the foundation is imperfect, tb\ cturc will be also, t . neral intelligence is necessary to the SPient of the gifted few. Unappreeia runs to decay. The public spcak- an audience, which can-perceive the j®' and be moved by his eloquence to no :e author IUUS; have a people to read P r id and be benefited by his writings.. •a orators who addressed the people, §Mhc reporters, drew inspiration from feublies, which listened in breathless W ir impassion a! eloquence, or v, nt tla Bu applause. The intelligence, of the ®° : V went far to secure them the im- Mtich is theirs. Educated American P e estimated, and longed for freedom irfessive yoke, and hence they caught ftfrrntof tbe noble Henry, and shouted | i land—''Give us liberty or give us L-mroon school then, receive the en -22 nd support it s important demands. P 11 we secure the wide diffusion of rind raise up academies, colleges and fgjlrhieh shall be an honor to our land, aa n obscurity a nations pride and glo " -'iiisbed f 'W. Let. us go back to the ft*. oj/cn the fountain, and remove the ff-hat fhe rill may flow forth, the brook **■- and the broad ocean send up its finals the sun. thence to lie borne back Bp v 'lie AV iin I so!' Heaven, jmuring ■ful baptism on the Earth. BEDFORD, lit. FTRUXA.V, 1o 4 , THE PERPETUITY OF THE uION. SPEECH OF IIOX. J. K. MOORHEAD, 1 op Pfskstlvasia. s Delivered in the House of Ilepresefj^tives, March 26, 1864. | The House being in the Committee of AtVhole on the state of the Union— Mr. MOORHEAD said: Mr. Chairman; My colleague froußie 21st district [Mr. Dawson] has made confilij the ablest speech on the other side of the jfiso. and has stated with great frankness and cle'ss the grounds of his opposition to the war. B'hough it was well answered by my colleague#™ the 17th district, [Mr. Scofielb,] I feel it B unbent upon me to give it some attention, as ovistriets adjoin, have like interests and feelings, :• as spe cial efforts have been made, by the eirStion of his speech, to affect the political sewteiit of A\ estern l'enpsylvania. AV'e both live a#:e head of the great channels of trade formed bite Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and their tributms. down which the coal, lumber, and agriculiuraModucts, and the manufactures of glass, steel, ir-iji >pper. wood, &c., of our people. weTe accustom! before the rebellion to float safely and wit let or hindrance, to the inhabitants of thirtmStates, and on through the Gulf to foreign jggjrkets,— \ aluable as the Federal l. nion is to thvople of other States, it is beyond all price to JAmvlv'inia, and especially to his constituents and ie, who tuike loye their country, are proud of history, believe in free goverment, hate slaverj 'e ready to die rather than see their nations lag dis' uon&red at home or abroad, and will permit the destruction of their government by tocratie slaveholders, who treat and speak o orthern people—Democrats as well as Jiepubl is—with more scorn, then they feel for the slat an their plantations. The blow of the traitors o made this war, fell first and heaviest on our istituen cies. when they closed the navigation < He Mis sissippi, seized and confiscate pioperwmd des troyed trade more than sixty years eled, and for restoration of the right to which jo people have been vigorously lighting for nly three years. Ido this, Mr. C hairman, the Jre readi ly, because the doctrines he announa arc the very same which brouglit on the vaimid if; not condemned by the people, would maktf e scjith errt reliefs our masters forever. My colleague began his speech by rJjfidiiig us in glowing terms of the happv and Mispifous state of the country "about eight y® sure." when he leit these hallso He left two v: - /{fore Mr. Buchanan became President. Y®i w4> its condition when Mr. Buchanan handed SGojeru inentto Mr. Lincoln? \\ hy ismvcolßue J lent as to the pregnant fact, that when M-Jnclinan retired, the gloom of that awful peridovas f-ueh that its mere rembembrance comes ft ai. evil shadow over the heart of every jmtrit# It has been suggested he has bet* a leep sleep during the eight years he was Bint "rom political _ life. His speech fumishesaong evi dence of it. Let me then inform IBwft t lie shouid know, and what many of his Bstit ents do know, that not merely are we iff l 'i the midst of a revolution," but the cofy \tsin the midst ot a devolution when Miwiuejanaii 1 ut >red, and has been on the brink of levoiution at different times, for thirty years. Jackson suppressed treason in fa. Jeff. Davis and liis fellow-conspirators macmunt signs of beginning a revolution, under old Ih. f aylor in 1850, when California was admit# asa. "free fctate, but the hero of Bueria Yista ftelched it by announcing that he would hang tlirst rebel who dared to lift a hand ag-riust tlufiion, and Jeff. Davis knew well he would do itFhev pre pared for it. while Pierce lived irfte White House, and Davis governed the cojfy, Thev persevered while Buchanan was I'llent, and Floyd controlled the army, until. beftn the 4tli November. 1860, the day Lincoln wafeeted, and the 4th 31 arch, JB6], the day he was uguratod. every southern fort except Pickens Sumter, every armory and arsenal, ail the or< ice, arms, and ammunition, ail the custom-ho i. post of fices, and mints, in a word all the pr rty of the rederal in every seeed Hate wen* seized by siavcbolding traitors, wi at a blow being struck or a shot being fired in (*• defense; and thirty days before Buchanan's m expired, eight skyebolding States had oj r rebelled against the Government, cast off a lance to it and excluded its authority, hauled n its flag, captured its troops, arms, forts, sh mnnition.s ai ass einblt'd a congress at ntgoniery, Alabama, adopted a constitution, o ed a Presi dent, prepared to raise armies, aim-ganized a coiiii'deracv as a foreign and host vcrnment, a,, under that Democratic rule whiejlv colleague is so anxious to restore, and all don# Democrat ie leaders! What did Mr. Buchaifcfo to pre vent these great crimes? Nothiijl What did the Democratic party do to prevent In ? Noth ing! AY hat did they propose to { E Nothing! On the other hand, they resisted c tilling that looked like protecting the public Ipertyi and preserving the nation s honor. Sir, so widespread was treason, i iuthless the 1 resident, that all hope was ox haul? except the single ouc that his term would ejfe before all was lost. Thank God! AbrahamMoln became i reswlent before the cause of thegion was to tally ruined, and then the work of jfoe besran. My colleague, in aspeccli of twefiuftje pages, says not a word in denunciation oftse rebel in suits and outrages, nor does he sHfeany sympa thy with those of his neighbors vS lilood has enriched every battle-field in d£df' Richmond and Charleston, Gettysburg, Vicklg and Chat tanooga, and whose heroic valor his iioiup and mine from threatened psion by his late political friends. Nor has hj charges to J? 1 ?,"?. a Jt ainf 'f anybody except offiadness and folly against the people, arid ra# against the Government, theOuakersand Abftnisfs. The rebellion is tenderly mentioned as " ill-judged rebellion '—-no crime in it—no blo&i the rebels' lianas; only a mistake of judgoeijtbad guess as to time and result I Sir, Ido not link my col league has allowed his good feelinjn find expres sion in his speegu; but as it was ip> to aid in re storing the Democratic rule, its em and fallacies should be pointed out. My colleague sees no prospect one end. He sajs nearly three years of civil w; ave now dis charged their rclent.ess fury ujjfciur unhappy couutry, and we are yet remote from any satisfactory adjustment of outlifferenees as when we first flew to arms. Bir,broadly denv this extraordinary statement, ft the policy of t.ie rebels, and those who sympße with them to undervalue the results alreaijccoraplished, and ta discourage the public feeler the North. Jeff. 1 avis says the South canooe conquered, and niy colleague deliberately shitty eves to the astonishing results already attain The rebel lion is in its last agonies; immenregions have been recunmed, several states areT-mfng to their allegiance, and on every hand tbeisbut one in dication. and that of the morea %,ower of the I inon and the increasing weakiuof the rebel lion. My co league should see th but there is none so Mind as he who will note His doc trine as to the true character of 1 Government is a specimen hnck of the genuine Ihotm mould. I'r! l iT.?? A5r U - n a allegianoe," an aht iioJas (hat allegiance to bi the citizcp in WM Wutte-the if St£e?° I his doctrine has deluded multitude m to treason baa undermined the hedeja! f the Federal Con stit ution.' It means that Jre have no nations (roverninent; that under tlii Constitution then is no Union, hut only a knoj of States that ma be rie J w untied at plcasuje; that there is n! such thing as a citizen of thf United States, ant no national fiat? to shelter hid. But, Mr. Chairman, the jins' cruel feature o my colleague's speech is thai which, openly pro claiming his approval of Mr! Buchanan's course impliedly eensures that of the great old patrio whom he and I, once andagtin, hut vainly, labor ed t. make jl're-idcnt of thf the United States- General Lewis Cass; whose patriotism and states Rianship revolted at the truckling policy of Mr Buchanan, and who. when his proposition to gar rison the southern tons and maintain possessioi of the public property was refused, prompt}; tendered his resignation and withdrew from tibi Cabinet. If .Mr. Buchanan's policy was wise General Cass's was unwise; it Mr. Buchanai was faithful in his high position. Genera! ( 'as was mistaken in judgment; if Mr. Buchanai properlv met the great duties of the hour, thei General Cass utterly failed to appreciate the diffi cu!;-es. But not so. I can never subscribe t< such a sentence of condemnation against an ol friend whom I have long admired; whom 1 nov revere as among the worthiest statesmen th< conn ivy has ever had, and whose claim to the lov< and gratitude of posterity rest, in my judgment more firmly upon his unshaken fidelity when trea son was so general, than even upon his brillian records of Loth civil and military service. Aboui 'he time he retired from the Cabinet he was fillet, with gloom and anguish at the threatening aspera ol publi affairs, as he fully comprehended tin great and growing dangers which threatened tht ship of state. His impressive exclamation at tin time, iu my presence, was: "We are lost, we an destroyed; our great and glorious country will bt ruined. It might lie saved —it might be saved.— I have tried to save it, but can do no more."— Glorious words! betokening the great heart of s brave, clear, patriotic statesman, who would havt saved the country, the public property, and sub dued the rebellion had HE !>een President in place ol Mr. Buehanfin. As he was no!, and the Pre sklent would do nothing, h- left the Cabinet.— 1 et my colleague indorses Mr. Buchanan and his policy; thus implicitly casting censure and blame upon General Cass. Ire ent the imputation, ai:J appeal with confidence from his words to tht judgment of a face people, who trill be sored des pite the open treachery of Buchanan, or the cov ert treachery of his allies and friends. 1 have alluded to the fact that rtbe'lioii is not a new tiling American history: all remember how promptly Jackson put down one, and Tayloi nipped another ;n t!:e bud. Lincoln has aroused the loyally and patriotism of the country to sub diu'tbeii.-tniid worst; and we who are tint A this day engageih an- bur following the teaching's of thosl. departed patriots around whom a united country threw its protecting arms, and upon whose memo ries it continue- to lavish it- praise. "The Union: it must and shall be preserved." was the motto ol Jackson; it is the heart-work of Lineolu, The rebellion of I>32was invoked against existing leg islation ; this, much less justifiable, and more wicked, was inaugurated in the absence of offen sive legislation, in fact at the moment when all legislation was not only harmless, but harmonious ou the late disputed territorial question, when by the confession of the ablest of their leaders, the slaveholders of the South had no cause to justify secession, and when by the truth of history, there was no actual grievance whatever. This Is most vigorously and clearly presented by the following extract from a speech of Alexander 11. Stevens, delivered in the secession convention of Georgia, in January, 1861: '•This step (of secession) once taken can never be re called: and all the baleful and withering consequences that must follow will rest on the eOtivention for all coming time. When wc and our posterity shall see our lovely .South desolated by the demon of war, which thin act of i/o iim will inevitably irite anil call forth, when our green fields of waving harvest shall he trodden down by the murderous soldiery and fiery ear of war sweeping over our land, our temples of justice laid in ashes, all the horrors and desolations of war upon us, who hut thin con vention trill be he'd renponribl-e far it 7 and who but him who shall have given his vote for this unwise and illtimcd measure, as 1 honestly think mad believe, nhall it held to etriet account for thin nuieidal act by the prelrnt genera tion, and probably enrnrd ami execrated by pontt city for all COM i mi time, lor the wide and desolating ruin 1 that will inevitably follow this act you now propose to perpetrate. Pause, I entreat yOll. * What right ka the North at nailed ! What interest, of the South has been Invaded? What jnsiice has been denied. and what claim founded in justice and'righl has been withheld? Can either of you to-day name one governmental act of wrong, deliberately and purposely done by the Government t W asbington, of w iiieh the South has a right to complain ? I challenge the answer. * * * "We have always had tho control of the General Gov ernment, and can yet if we remain in it, and me as united as we have been. We have had a majority of the Presi dents chosen from the South, as well as the control and management of most of those chosen from tho North.— We have Lad sixty years of southern Presidents to their twenty.four, thus controlling the Executive Department. >'o of the judges of the Supreme Court, we have had eighteen from the South, and hut eleven from the North: although nearly four-fifths of the judicial business has arisen in the free States, yet a majority of the Court has always been from the South. This we have required, so as to guard against any interpretation of the Constitution unfavorable to us. In like manner we hava been equally watchful to guard our interests ia the legislative branch of Government. In choosing the presiding prcsideat (pro tern.) of the Senate, wc have had twenty-four to their eleven. Speakers of tho House, we have had twenty three and they twelve. While the majority of the repre sentatives, from their greater population, have always been from the North, y t t we hare so generally secured the Speaker, because he, to a greater extent, shapes arjd controls.the legislation of the country. - ® Attorney Generals, we had fourteen, while thcNorth have Lad hut five. Foreign ministers, we have had eighty-six. anl they but fifty-four. • * * We have hud the principal embassies, so as to secure the world markets for our cotton, tobacco, and sugar, on the best possible terms. Wc have had a vast majority of the high er offiees of both army and navy, while a large proportion of the soldiers and sailors were drawn from the North.— F.qually so of clerks, auditors, and comptrollers, filling the Executive Departments. The records show for the last fifty years that of three thousand thus employed, we have had more than two thirds of the same, while we have but one-third of the white population of tho Repub lic. * * * A fraction over three-fourths of tb revenue collected for the support of the Govern ment has uniformly beep raised fjreuj the North. Pause now while you can, gentlemen, and contemplate carefully and candidly these important items. * • '-•For you to attempt to overthrow such a Government as this, under which we have lived for more than three quarters of a century, in which we have gained our wealth, our standing a* a nation, our domestic safety, while the elements of peril are around us, with peace and tranquillity accompanied with unbounded prosperity, ami rights unassailed. is the height of maduene, folly, and wirl ednem, to which I can neither lend my sanction nor my vote." Sir, thin rebellion WM a cold-blooded, premedi tated, infamous, attempt of ambitious, desperate, and wicked conspirators to destroy the Union, overthrow free Government, establish a sectional one over the southern portion of it, and thus prepare the way by European intrigues for en aristocratic or monarchic form 011 this iand of freedom, The map who in the loyal States tol erates, sympathizes with, or fails to cheek this movement, would, in revolutionary times, have been denominated a traitor. The man who halts in his fidelity, who quibbles about this teehnicali poweronhe W r°,v a rebels by decrying the W O he to suppress the rebel- dl • • • finances, should lie ranked country! 80(1 aa Arn ° W who 3S tUthii£ i^T^ P A thi - zers w 'tb treason, friendthat chi 18 Administration and its , IptfMf S£i. tVi*w i"fep aud tvrainiv " one of usur " JJtlSgg TSK? tlleso a,l^v on 9 torian. 1 Vi\U ot * Un U) the future his is upon us, aa,\ miP IT . '. bere as the war it and its cause [ t P * . a F e to suppress dissolving vast armies, which a„ i. i „ H cuforeed by ry despotism f ;he l" y UjUua - The great factor process this condition of K ®', ? bat but how to suppress thg feLi-^?' r^at^ eJ > back our rebel foes, how tosaW,™ spoliation and slaughter, our cliintr.. rJ 'v 1 - our Government, from overthrow— dns • >l ,i lon ' presence every other political finished heat! " I have. Mr, Chairm^ H "|- tormly observed that the men who wasfatW."" or; ii-s in discussing L |,e..rt are the lut-t *?£;[' to meet the responsibilities of the present, an? rise to the stature which it demands of all leva citizens. Still, sir, I am not willing to let so much of tha part of the charge remniu unanswered, as fixe: upon the loyal North the responsibilitv for thi k Va ij ie '-'dotation is wliolly fidse. The slave holaers were the aggressors. They were stiuut'r* ted to the heinous crime by hatred of the pre grew of free communities, iy jealousies of rheir risin; power, by envy of their great superiority in even art and pursuit of life, and of thp higher eiviliza lion which paid, intelligent and free labor has con | ierred upon the free States of the Union. Doe: any one doubt this? If so, let liim read the de bates in Congress of the last ten years, but espe | eially during the sessions of 1859-00 and 1800-01 debates to which I was compelled to listen, anc which acounded in the most malignant expression: of hatred, scorn, contempt, and disiovaltv. plainh foreshadowing the base revolutionary schemes tb. r fairly entered upon, and hurling defiantly at North ctrn Ilepre teatgiives the vile and untenabledoctrim of the right of secession. Une class of northern members, I regret to say. encouraged these decia vatoms. .-yini.utilized with th-ir authors, and abet ted their designs, believing that thev saw in them the material of successful political influence. But ;>>r this, there would have been no secession. An other class boldly denounced the falsehoods, resen ted the insults, and hurled back the threats of se cession. declaring that under no circumstance.*: would they consent to a separation of these .States, or permit the mere result of an election to be made the pretext for revolution. Sir, I firmly believe that had all the northern members joined in these clear declarations of fidelity to the constitution and the I riipn, and announced their determination to maintain the existing Government at, all hazards, the sf cesdon movement would never have risen to formidable proportions, or cause for serious alarm riu! everywhere over:!:- South secession was pro claimed to be a peaceful remedy for alleged griev ances. and it was publicly and constantly proclaim - ed that am* attempt to coerce the South, would be followed by a division ip the North, that blood would flow in northern street.-, and a civil war anioug ourselves would render secession safe, certain, and complete. It is too t rue that many northern i(ep resentatives in that critical period, misrepresented their constituencies, fearfully deceived the rebel leaders, and thus covered themselves with a guilt scarcely less deep and infamous than belongs to Jeff" Davis himself and his traitorous cabinet.— While this was the position of members on this floor, what was the attitude of Mr. Buchanan and his Administration ? He cowered before the storm, Floyd shared his confidence until he had transferred a large portion of the arms to south era arsenals, without interference, until arrested in his treasonable attempt to remove the can nor. from Allegheny arsenal to pretended forts in Lou isiana, hv the determined patriotism and eourace of my constituents at Pittsburg, and then resigned because Mr. Buchanan refused to order Major An derson back from Fort Sumter to Moultrie, and thereby maintain the promise previously given to South Carolina by Floyd, with Mr. Buchanan'.- consent, '"that the status of affairs should not be disturbed in the harbor of Charleston." Cobb re mained in the cabinet until by his financial man agement the credit of the Government was so low that money could scarcely be borrowed at any rate even to pay the necessary expenses of the Govern ment. and in that time of peace, temporary loans could not be made except at most exorbitant rates of interest, Thompson, whilst holdinga seat, in the cabinet, journeyed to North Carolina to aid in switching the old North State out of the Union, and continued to possess himself of cabinet sccrets to be transmitted south for the benefit of the reb els, until his sensitive honor could not endure the alleged concealment from him of Mr. Buchanan's tardy effort to provision Fort Sumter. Mean while the President, trembling with fearandover corne by the threats of rebels, was dragooned first into a modification last annual message so as ojienly to abandon the doctrine of coercion which greatly corrupted northern opinion and contribu ted vastly to southern acceptance of the rebel pro gramme ; and then for weeks, is if struck with paralysis, when it was proposed to do anvthing in assertion to the rightful and inherent power of the < I overnme-nt to preserve itself—this weak and timid old man performed a role which ha covered his name with infamy, and will forever load it with the nation s contempt, Such is my estimate of the reputation of James Buchanan," (once, I regret to say, known as '"Pennsylvania s favorite son. )as finally _ left for thejiu's'inentofpostority. General Cass, in his expressions referred to be fore, erred in one point. He miscalculated the extent of the evil done by Mr. Bualjannaii. and overestimated the influence of his imbeeiiitv and treachery upon the loyal masses. Yet ftt the* time, so dark and portentous were the clouds, so gener al was public suspicion, so wide-spread and power ful the conspiracy, that it seemed to be hoping against hope to have any cheerful anticipations when looking into the dark and gloontv future j and it is not surprising that his patriotic'heart w as overwhelmed with grief On evorv hand the ene my was busy, the Government silent and indiffer ent, bound hand and foot by its Attorney Genera), who narrowly paring down the power of the Gov ernment to protect itself, advised the President: '"That the Union must utterly parish at the mo ment when Congress shall arm one part of the people against another for any purpose beyond that of merely protecting the" General Govern ment in the exercise of its proper constitutional functions." Such was the chosen and delibera ted phraseology within which luiked the fallacious and destructive error that our Fathers had con structed a Government without, rower to pre,serve itself or inforce its laws, to assert its unquestioned and inherit rights, to suppress insurrection, and save its own existence tr<>m active apd armed treason ; and in my opinion, Mr. Chairman, to the enunciation of this legal opinion, more than any other cause, are we indebted for the open out break of war. AYhen, however, the over set was committed, the long impending blow struck, the dignity of the Government in ulted, its rights in vaded. iss power defied, and the stars and stripes fired upon in Charleston harbor, the patriotism of the people., long dormant, and ty some supposed to be extinct* was electrified ittio life witft the Vol. 37, Xo. 10. stripped off the s< >plmtnasof the ex-AttorSEy Genial ' h": 1 1 "" r y :' ! '■?" a'. &s the cowardly it l^' 't ', ?- foxMients o fi from th-a (lay to fis has SW 'i' wh)Vb sacrifices of evrn tnll il* °H h ,h< * willi, 'K continue to do se mr;' • * :ne i in heart, and will of scorn and contempt, sentence The' "r-d. the territory once held f K - flatly weakened cut in twain bv our retue "no from their grasp, gradually thev Pl> \ river back, their supplies being exhausted b( ' a !. en hie forces, constantly ri lif.lv ~l r av'!a jemeuts rapidly increasing n tt, ' a^Ct(t aUf ' Ptiy. the people, has pracrfoa'l - w c k'! I,ru J :t made with currency, lhe entire population, ami theiroffirere worid p Ve ; *** ' ln *e* n, Hll interest may know little of his "high e,.^/® 3 * a usurper, garti but little that public 'w and re & the pole-star J loudly for his re-election. Meatfwfofo i, cads so m Itnaneial management oftho Treasury, our Government loans are ffien J- ? eagerness, the taxes are paid with promptnL chcertuiness. the ara.y }s lilled by mentis, the heart and voice of the nation is wore closely and bravely pro ind tlie AdmifoSr? tjon-msunng us against trmmpLs of our the field, Wronrpdhticalfoos at hope, Sir mdomS the people of my district there are few S( who are not faithful to the mlrion m, crisis of its need, The defection there as inhere is confined to extreme pro-slavery men. who ¥ (I ,w n ? t on! - v i or lts own sake, but as a mtJu gard o. their solemn duties to the counter Whv should slavery be upheld? lulesenesno IS Ld US ltv T'QTt] ' ******** a,j d troub led U*, it w.,s Lorn the LCgmmng, and has conn on ei er-mereasmgly to distract anti embroil it has been, and is the great bone of contention over which at lagt. we have come to blows save it, is to perpetuate this discord. To destroy it is to secure the present, and mate peaceful md glorious the future But it cannot U destiW-d by proclamations alone the power of law fiw character, and perfect in extent. It roust Ee writ ten ip the constitution thatdaven, shall no m?J- e exut in any American .State. Then and only then may we sing the reouiem of sluverv, At preXnt it is wounded, aeeply wounded, hv the blows that were given by its own friends. It bleeds but tel wounds maybe staunched, unless by a stagwrii? low the people utterly destroy it, by force of he and unchangeable law. Jot puL " The principle of slavery is the inspiration of the rebellion, arul it is yet so held awl defended bv 'ho organs of public sentiment in thereboilious States I quote one declaration : ' .So Jar WieS iliat slavery must die' says the.Rich won.-) WAuf wt hut e lon'' held the opinion t iiaf it i s the nor' mal and only humane relation which labor can cus tom towards capital. When the war ko\ Cr wo shdl urge that evenr lankec who ventures to nut toot on southern soil lie made a slave for Kte and wear an iron collar as a bad-re of irfo S.Ji African, Slavery tdS t! ' C the time the j ankees learn to tell the "truth and no sooner. wum, ana there is no safety for liberty on this ennti nent. or for tree labor, without the off the rebellwm and tne extirpation Of the pestilent aristocracy of opinion which sustain, it, and S complete conformation of our institutions to the Jdep3£ I pitv, M hili i despise the man in thy fo va l X or tl> who sympathizes with this rebellion for" itfo* ed upon the narrowest and most exclusive ideas • tisanned as a blow at the doctrines which S lie our whfoe system of republican liberie, ai.d f successful it is intended to be the lever By which European systems are to be introduced and estafo hshea upon this free eontim-nt. ai3 V thich die whole current of events, which tl.us fhr has hetttens- * suffering and theextensmn of human rights, shall be reversed and hetonie assimilated to the lnonarchial and ar nstocratic systems of' Europe, The man wt U engaged> this work is a public eemv; the man who IS H, -x.hu. home of liberty aids and a£S dun, deserves the execration ofmjmkind. bjeet of those struggling for political }K)wer, under this view of the ean i .-v r U accomplished, because the lufon cannot andwiTl not oe restored except through the -neeessful prosecution of the war. s -nccesatul The rebels remain or pretend to be sanenine of success. They are bold, daring, and impraSSe they propose no terms of negotiation, and will list' the t,nl,ta de-ntat copdition that this Iroverrunept reeogn'use their indei ehd ence. This done, they will then treat comi rning the navigation of the Mississippi, international trade, the return of fugitive slaves.'and the t'i.ou sana and one questions that would arise between citizens of the contiguous covei nments, Who k prepared for tins? X w ,j trust, although the peace popcy advocated by gentlemen on the" mhtr sale of the House cads impishly to this ineamnftsty proclamation of the President has gone forth ; let thp power of the army a „d the vig orous prosecution of the war follow, until the reb ek are subdued and plead for terms. There is no other hope ior any one of us, or for any interest ou.side of this, f have no special anxieties about the reconstruction and tie questions which will arise out of it. I believe President had skil lully escaped the difficulties surroundipg the prob and 1 il tTL " M tbe of the e , i > .° Ve l n '! ie Pressure of the miiiUuy power or the reikis, agej anxious toes-cane the tv rmrmcaJ exactions which have been laid unon them will rttilj rnounU the old flag, and under the inspi ration of tlie great lessen that has been taught, will reconstruct their State Governments, resume their relat ions wuth the General Government and make those relations stable and secure by abolish ing slavery the cause of all the evil. Already lennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, and Louisiana are treading in that direction. Alabama also shows signs of wheelisf lntoliue. Ifoe others of our "er- Bng sisters," reqitt mod and disenthralled, will in duo order of progression follow, until finailv we have a umop of reconstructed States, without a blemish or deformity, and everj- star restored to more than tea former brightness and jriorv H hatis to prevent this result? and why should it not he attained speedily? While Southern tfl conscription bras dragooned into the army not ouly the able-tKidied Ufon of proper age. 1 m old men a pd boys hsye not 1-een spared, and lhey have thqa IC ortch'ded on tceond fage, j