BY DAVID OVER.
THE INQITIIIE3K.
It published every Friday morning, in Juliana
Street, in the white frame building,
nearly opposite the Mongol
House, by
DAVID OVER.
TER3TS:
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jdnriiseniihls not exceeding a square,(lo lir.es,)
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Job Printing of all k;nd3 executed neatly and
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P.R 0 F £ S SIGNAL (J A 11 Da.
Ross FORWJLUD. 0.11. GAITHEB.
Forward & K&itbor*
ATTORNEYS AT LAW,
Bedford, I'a
ROSS FORWARD, Of Somerset, and O. H.
GAITHER, have opened a law office in Bed
ford, Pa. O. H. GAITHER, having located per
manently in Bedford, will be assisted during every
Court by the former. All business entrusted to
them will be promptly and carefully attended to.
Office on Juliana street, two doors south of the In
quirer office.
Dec. 81, 1858.
J.SELBY MOW EE,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Bedford, Pa.,
WII.L attend promptly to all business entrust
ed to bis care.
Office on Pitt Street one door 'Vest of the
'•Union Hotel."
June 10, 1859 -tf
RTDTBA RCLAY.
ATTORNEY AT LAW,
BEDFORD, PA.,
WILL attend promptly and faithfully to all
legal business entrusted to his care.
on Juliana Street, in the building for
merly occupied by S. M. Barclay, Esq., dee'd.
March 20,1858.
Win. €. LOGAN,
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
McCONNELLSBURG, PA.
117 ILL practicn in the Courts of Fulton, Bediotu
W and Franklin Counties. on Main
Street, opposite S peer's Hotel.
September 3, 1858.
JOB MANN, G. 11. SPANG.
a AW" PARTNERSHIP.—The undersigned
IJ . a associated themselves in the Praticc
of tireLaw,and willprotnptly attend to al busi
ness entrusted to their care in Bedford and ad
joining counties.
on Julianna Street, three doors
south ot.Mengel oHuse and opposite the resi
dence ofMaj. Tate.
MANN & SPANG
June 1,-1854. tf.
D. S. RIDDLE,
Formerly of Bedford, Pa.
Attorney and Counsellor at LaJ.
■*4, WALL ST. NEW YORK.
All business promptly atonded to.
Dec. 3, 1858.
" J. W. LINCENFIILTERr
Attorney at Law and Land Sarveyor,
WILL attend with promptness to all business
entrusted to bis care.
Will practice in Bedford and Fulton Counties.
DSf-Office one door We at of the Usian Hotel.
Dec, 24,1858.
ef.G&,tfn, G£
3?a:"zsioi^sr
AND
? SCHELLSBUKG, PENN'A.
OFFERS his services to the Public in the prac
tice of Mcftic'ne. AViil attend promptly to all ca
ses entrusted to his care-
He will aiso perform all operations on the teeth
iu a neat and scientific manner.
Teeth plugged and inserted from a single tooth to
An Entire Set,
Mounted on gold or silver plate, on the latest and
most approved principles.
TEPM3 moderate , aud all operations warranted.
April 8,1859.—tf.'
f isifipo*!
I ! W:i! stUci T-unctcwlly cwefuilv to all operation m- tJ!
; , -,k lt > a*4 c+f T. v.h plugs*-1. *., aal J
It . i.TiittJ Wf'lh futarUd, from ni" to au ftUrw sot.
' Charges oarvtwnaie, w.U a'.! cpmtiuM wurriaki.
tJT Terms INVARIABLY CASH. •|
Oflk- on Em: IV-l street, Bcdfor.l, F*. v<V
ll&9-.z-r=
DR. J S. ESH LEMAN,
UK3PECTF UELY tenders his professional ser
vices to the citizens of PattonsviUc and
vicinity.
Nigbt calls promptly attended to.
Pattonaville, March 18, 1859.-Z
DR. B. F. HARRY
RESPECTFULLY tenders his professiona
services to the citizens of Bedford and vi
cinity.
Office and residence on Pitt-Street, in the
building fottnerly occupied by Dr. J. H. Uofius.
Nov. 6,1857.
Dr. F. C Reamer,
Physician and Snrgeon.
pekpectfully tenders his services io
JCa. the citizens of Bedford and vicinity. lie
may always be fonnd (unless professionally en
gaged , zt his Drug and Book Store, in Juliana
St.
Feb. 19, 1857.
NOW then for Bargains! selling off all kinds of
Summer dress Goods at cost.
Tj , OSTER St CAKN.
*■ '•*—* Jnlv 15, 1859.
A Weekly Paper, Devoted to Literature, Polities, the Arts, Sciences, Agriculture, &c M &e—Terms: Quo Dollar and Fifty Cents in Advance.
From the JV*. Y. Tribune.
AN OVERLAND JOHNSY.
The Arssy iu I tail •
CAMP Ftoro, fr trh, July 21, 1860.
Cauip Floyd, 40 miles south of Salt Lake
City, is loeate-i on the west tide of a dry valley,'
perhaps ten miles wide by thirty miles long, l
separated by liigb hills from Lake Utah, some i
fifteen to twenty miles distant on the north oast.
This valley would be fertile were it not doomed
to sterility by drouth. A small stream takes
its rise iu c-opious springs at the foot of the wes
tol'D hills just north of the camp, but is soon j
drank up by the thirsty plain. Water in this I
stream, and wood (low cedar) on the adjacent;
bills, probably dictated the selection of this site j
for a camp, though I bc-Hove a desire if not a
secret compact to locate the troops as far as r.os- !
stole front the Mormon settlements, bad a;i in-'
flaence in the premises. Mo Mormons live iu i
this valley or within sight of it; though al! the j
roads leading from Salt Lake City, as well as j
from Provo, and the other settlements around 1
Lake Utah, are within a day's march and may !
be said to be commanded by the camp. The I
soil is easily pulverized when dry, aud keeps
the entire area enveloped during Summer in a
dense clcud of dust, visible for miles in every
direction. 1 saw it when eight miles away as I
came down from Salt Lake City yesterday.
The Camp is formed of low and neat adclc
small. I presume there are
three of four hundred of them — enough, at all
events, to make three cr FOUR Kansas cities. —
'Frogtown' is a satellite, or suburb, whence grog
and other luxuries (including execrable wh' ky
at about $lO per gallon) are dispensed to thirs
ty soldiers who have not already drank up more
than their pay amounts to. The valley is cov
ered with Sagebush and Greascwood, as usual:
but the Camp has been treed from these and is
mainly level as a house-floor. The adobes were
made on the spot by Mexicans, the boards for
roofs, finishing off, &C., supplied by Brigham
Young and bis scn-in-law, from the oidy canon
opening into Salt Lake Valley which abounds
in timber (Yellow Pine, 1 believe,) fit for saw
ing. The Territorial Legislature— (which is
auoiher name for 'tho Church')— granted TOLA
canon to Brigham, who MOS three S W mills
there in at a eicsr profit oi Tsloo or SO PER <I.V .'
fiis profit on the lumber supplied to tho Camp
was probabiy over $50,000. The price was I
$7O per thousand foot. President Young as
sured me, with evident eelf-eouipiaceaoy, that .
be did not need and would not accept a dollar
of salary from 'the Church" — ho considered
himself able to make all the m icy he needed
by business, as he had made the $250,000 worth
of property he already possesses. With a Leg- J
islature ever teady to grant him such perqui
sites as this lumber canon —(and I believe the
best Wood canon LOADING into Salt Lake V ilk -
is held by hiui under a similar free grant) —I
should thiuk be might. The total cost of this
post to the Government was about $200,01'0.
The Army in Utah has numbered 8,500 men
-—I believe its present strength is but about
3.000. It is mainly concentrated iu this camp,
though some small dctaehmeuts are engaevd in
surveying or opening roads, guarding herds, !
&c., in different parts of toe Territory. I be
lieve tLis is still the largest regular force ever
concentrated upon the soil of cur counto in
time of peace. It consists of the 5t : , 7th AND
10th regiments of Infantry, a battalion of Light
Artillery, and two or three conspaui ■* of >: .-
goons. I met, between Bridger aud Ham's
Fork, a considerable force of Dragoons going
down.
.Lett us briefly consider ibe history aud pcsi
tiou of this little Army.
Iu the former half of 1857, it was concen
trated iu Kansas; late iu that year, the sever
al regiments composing it were put in march
toward the Rocky Mountains. The Morm -ns
full sooa learned that i: was to to launched
against them, and at once prepared to rive
it a warm reception; the Army had no inform
ation on the subject, save general reoort.—
Detained in Kansas to give effeat to Gov.
Walker's electioneering quackeries, it was at
length sent on its way at a season too late to
allow it to reach Salt Lake before winter. No
commander was sent with if; Gen. Harney was
announced as its chief, bat Las not yet over,
joined it. It was thus dispatched on u long
and difficult expedition, iu detach incuts, with
out a chief, without oryers, without any clear
idea of its object or destination. Enter
ing (Jtah thus as no army, but as a number c
separate, straggling dotatchments, neither of
which was ordered to protect tuo supply trains
which followed one or two marches behind
thorn, they had iho mortification to loam, about
the Ist of Ocfober,jthat those supply trains,
without even an armed corporal's guard in
their vicinity, had been surprised and burnt by
a Mormon band, who thus in effect made war
on the United States. Indignantly, but still
without a leader and without definite orders,
the army struggled ou to iiridger, 113 miles
front Salt Lake, which the Mormons abandon
ed on iis approach. lltidgcr is many thousand
feet above the sea level; and the ground was
here so buried in snow that its gaunt animals
died by hundreds, and the residue wcro unable
to drag the baggage over the rivers and steep
mountains which still separated it from Salt
Lake. So the regiments halted, built huts to
shelter themselves from the winter's inclemen
cy, and lived through the snowy season as they
might on a half allowance of their lean, gtis-
Iy animals, without salt.
fepring at length came; the day, long hoped
and impatiently waited for, when they could
advance, arrived; they had been promised a
warm reception in the narrow defiles of Echo
Canon by Lieut. Gen. Wells and hia Mormon
host, and thoy eagerly courted that reception.
If Gen. Wells wcra able, aa he boasted, to send
BEDFORD. PA., FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1859.
them to the right about, they would have noth
ing to do bat to go. They had grown rusty
from inaction, and stood ready to bo polished,
even by so rough an implement as Leu. Well.
Bui news came that the whole affair had been
somehow arranged—that Col. Kane, Brigham
Young aud Gov. Camming had fixed matters
so that there would be no fighting —not even
further train burning. Yet the Mormons fled
from Gait Lake City iu anticipation of their
entering it; tboy were required by the civil
power to encamp as far from the Mormon set
tlements as possible; and they have ever a;uco
been treated by tho Federal Executive as tho'
they had cuius hero on their own motion, in de
fiance of, rather than in obedience to that Ex
ecutive's owu orders.
Whether truly or falsely, this array, proba
bly without an individual exception, undoubt
iugly believes tho Mormons as a body to be
traitors to the Unlay and its Government, in
tent on ostablisbing.heru a power which siutll
be at first independent of and ultimately dom
inant over that of tho United States. They
believe that the" ostentations, defiant refusal of
Brigham Y'oung, iu 1857, to surrender tho Ter
ritorial Governorship, and his declaration that
he would bold that post until God Almighty
should tell him to give it up, were but the na
tural development cf a policy which looks to
the subjugation of ail earthly kingdoms, states,
empires sovereignties, to a rule nominally the
oretic, but practically autocratic, with Brigham
Young or his designated successor as de-pot. —
They hold that the instinct of self-preserva
tion, the spirit of that requirement oi the Fed
eral Constitution which enjoins that each .State
shall be guaranteed a republican form of Gov
ernment, cry oat against such a despotism, and
demand its overthrow.
The army uudoabtingly and universally be
lieves that Mormonisiu is, at, least on the part
of the master spirits of "tho Church," aa - ,r '
ganized, secret, treasonable conspiracy to ex
tend 'he power, increase the wealth, and grat
ify the lecherous appetites of those loaders, who
arc using the torms and terms of religion to
mask and shield systematic adultery, perjury,
counterfeiting; robbery, treason, and oven wur
der. It points to the wholesale massacre at
Mountain Meadow-, the murder of the Parishes,
and a hundred more sucb, as iflftfcaaees of Mor
mon assassination for the good of the Church,
the f*u;ei of >•. C c aggran
dizement of its leading members—to the nil
possibility of bringing the perpetrators of these
crimes to Justice, to the Territorial laws of
Utah which empower Mormon functionaries to
sel.-ct the Grand and Petit Jurors even for the
United Glares Courts, and impose quakdeo
tiona which in effect secure the exclusion of ail
but Mormons from the Jury box, and to the
uniform refusal of those jurors to iuaiet or con
vict those who have committed crimes in the
interest of Morinonkm,* as proof positive the.;
all attempts to punish Momma criminals by
Mormon jurors and officers must ever prove
abortive, -and demand* of the Federal Govern
ment that it .shall devise and put ia execution
souse remedy for this unbearable impunity to
ori:ue. It is uniformly believed in camp that
not less than seventy-Jive distinct ins usees or
murder by the Mormons because of apostacy,
or some other form of hostility to the Church,
or mainly for the fake of plunder, are known
to the authorities here, and that there :J no
shadow of hope that one of the perpetrators
will ever ho brought to justice under the sway
of Mormon <, p°l'td ar sovereignty" as now es
tablished iu il.is Territory. The army, there
for; . turns an anxious eye to Washington, and
strains its car to hear what remedy in to he ap
plied.
Manifestly, too recent responses from that
quarter are net calculated to a.lay this anxiety.
The official rebuke recently and publicly given
to the- Federal Judges here, for employing de
tachments of troops to arrest aud hold securely
Mormons accused <>f capital crime, elicits
mutterinus of elk, satisfaction from some, with
a grave silence be the part of many whom dss
cipliuo restrains fretn speaking. As the re
cent orders from Washington are understood
bote, no employ:.-cot of Federal troops to ar
rest cr secure persons charged with or even
convicted of crime is allowed, even convicted
of crime is allowed, except wkero the civil
power (intensely Mormon) shall have ccrtiflod
that the execution of process is resisted by a
force which it cannot evcrcoioo by moans of a
civil posse, ilow tppv ito thi* is to the orders
given and obeyed in the fugitive slave cases ai
Boston, &c., need hardly be indicated.
Very general, then, is the inquiry in tbo ar
my, why were we soot here? and why are we
kept Lore? what good can our remaining do?
what mischief cau it prevent? A fettered, sus
pected, watched, distrusted army— au army
which roust do nothing—mast not even bo ask
ed to do aiiytliiiig in any probable contingency
—what purposs does it subserve beyond en
riching the con traotors aud the Mormon mag
nates at its own cost and that of the Federal
Treasury? Every article eaten, drank, worn,
or iu any niaanor bought by the soldiers, costs
three to ten times its value in the States; part
of this extra cost falls on the Treasury, the re
sidue ou the troops iudividaally. Their posi
tion hero ia an irksomo one; their comforts
few; houio, family, friends arc far away. If
the policy now pursued is to prevail, they oau
rot be needed in this Territory. Why, then,
are they kept here? Brigiiam Young will cou
tract, and make money by contracting, to put
down all resistance to this policy at one tenth
the cost of keeping tho aruiy here; why, then,
not withdraw it.
1 have nut so bad an opinion of the Mormoua
*Ju igo Uradlobaugb asserts that ou the list
of Jurors recently imposed on him for the in
vestigation at Frovo of the Farish aud other
murders, he knows thcro wore cot loss than
nine leading participants iu those murders.
f ;n;That eaijtrlaincd by tho artny: while I eoa,
! si|sr She Mormon religion, so called, a delu
sijh and a blight, f believe many of its de
void adherents, including most of those I have
u, to be pure minded, well-meaning people;
iSo not believe that Mormons generally de
light ia plunder or murder, though the testi
mony in tho Mountain Meadows, Farnsb, arid
c|p or two other cases, is certainly staggering.
af- I concur cutireiy iu the conviction "of the
..by, that there is no use in its retention here
•Aider existing orders and circumstances, and
Hist three or four companies of dragoons would
j -&wer every .purpose of this large and costiy
ueentration uf troops. The army would cost
iess almost anywhere'else, aud could not any-
I wSeie bo less useful.
A suspicion that it is kept hero to answer
. private pecuniary ends is widely en Un tamed
;ai re-. It is kucwu that vatrt sums have boon ,
made out of its transportation by fivorea ooa
tfjelora. Take a single instance already no- ,
, tiiiOus: Twenty n/o cents pec pound is paid
Tjv the tra.importation oi ail provisions ciuai- :
-ibna, &e., from Leavenworth to this point.?—i
''ho great contractors were allowed this for
j vpacsporsiag this year's supply of flour. By a .
little ■ dextereas management at Washington,
I they were next allowed to furnish tbeliour
..ere, being paid their twenty two cents per
pound for transportation, in "addition to the
I prime cost on the Missouri. As Utah Las a
Wttcr soil for growing wheat than almost any
i tatag vise, they Lad no d'fScuity :n sub-letting
tow contract at seven ecu is per pound net, ma
: clear profit of 170,000 on tho eocttaot,
vtt aoi-.t ritr ;g a •luii. cor Fifths,-• a fiaeor.—
Of ee.urse, 1 cxpeet eon tractors / bargain for
; not i >r tuc goversuient: but tome
body is well paid for taking care of the public's
interest in such matters. Has he done his '
duty?
; Again: Pursuant to a recent order from Wash
ington, the AsstSfems Quarteruiasfor-Qcne.al
| here i- now selling by auction some TsvoThoa
axnd Muieq— about two thirds of all iho Gov
ernment u'.vus in this Territory. These tuules
! toJt vi7s each, aud are worth to-day $125 to
f 100. i attendee! tho saie fcr an hour or so
this .ore.ncoa; tho range of prices vraa from $OO
to 115: the average of the 700 already sold j
| about siO. 11 ad these tnuico been taken to
: arnir. and there prop;.: iy udver-'ised aud;
they wo - ;d '.avu brought nearly cost; eveu
'i ;ti hSij &uu! aavo jwdd fa-fet least
| $lOO,OOO more than here, where t here i prac-
I tieally no demand and no competition for soc'u
j au tuuiuecso nerd; aud, after every Mortucu who
j can tiiuo i auudicd dollars or ever shall have
1 supplied irimSel;: with a span of mules for half
tueir value, oco or two speculators will make
as much as they please, while the dead loss to
tho People will be at .east $200,000. Nobody
here uas recommended the sate ot these mules;
they were being horded, under ho carc of do- ,
I iachments of the Army, a: no cost hut for here -
! men, and they Cculd have tecii kept through
■ next e iutcr in seuiuded luouutari varices at a
i cost ot about -v -0 per head; whereas, tho Army
i can never move without purchasing a c-oual
; number; and they can neither he "nought here
| nor brought here for $200,000 move than these !
f animals arc DOEV fetching. Somebody's interest j
is .-iib.-erve l ..a this . -lc, but it is certainly not
that of the Anuy nor of the People. The or- i
der is .o soil seven hundred wagons as well, !
but these would not btiug $3O each, while they !
cost at least $l3O, aud cutnJ nut be replaced •
when wanted even for that, wbiie the Army can- '
not move wituout tuem, aud it-...ipiug them co.-.s
absolu'.ely nutbiag. Who issues each orders |
as this, and for whose benefit?
Look el another feature of thi3 transaction :
There is at this moment a large amount duo to
officers aud soldiers of this Army as pay, iu
sums of §*U to SjioUO cacti, - l iny of tnosc to
whom this money is due would very much like
to take mules iu peri payment, either to use
while here, to sell again, c-r to boar them and
their baggage to California, or back to too
Missouri on the approaching expiration of thssr
terms of enlistment. In many iaslaoces, two
soldiers would doubtless eiuo to buy a inulti on
which to pack their blankets, fee., whenever
their time is out. Hundreds of mules would
thus have been bought, and the proceeds of the
sala oottsideraiy augmented, if the Government,
by its functionaries, had consented to receive
its own honest debts in pay meat. JBut ao ! on
some ridiculous protease of ill-blood betwecu
the Fay and the Subsistence bureaux of tbo
War Department, this is refused—it would be
too much trouble to lake certideatoa of soidic-rs,
pay actually due iu payment for these mules ;
so the officers aud eoiuicr* must purchase of
speculators at double price or go without, aad
the mules be sold for far less then they woula
have brought if those who must have the in bad
boon enabled to bid directly for them. Two or
three speculators reap a harvest here at the
sore cost of the soldiers aud the Treasury.
But it will be said that Forage is dour iu
Utah. It would suffice to answer that idle
mules obtuiu it, save iu Winter,only growing en
tbo Public Lands, which may a* well be eaten
iu part by Government mules as all by those of
the Mormon squatters. But let us see hovj it
costs so much. There Las recently been re
ceived here thirty thousand bushels of con.
from the States ut a net cost, including trans
portation, of §310,000, or over §ll per bush
el. No requisition was ever uia.it: for this
Coru, which could have been bought Lore, de
livered, for §2 per bushel, or §60,000 iu a:i.
The dead loss to the Treasury in ibis Corn is
; §280,000, even supposing that the service re
i quired it at ail. Somebody makes a good iking
uf wagoning this Coru from the Missouri at
' over §lO per bushel. Who believes that said
i somebody has not influential aud thrifty con
nections inside of the War Department f
I will not pursue this exposition : Congress
may.
—Lot me now give a sample of ilofreneh
oicnt in •he' il aMie service in this quarter :
The mall from Missouri to Salt Lake has
hitherto been carried weekly in good aix-tnule
wagons ; the contract time being twenty-two
days. The importance of frequent and regular
| communication with bead-quarters, at least so
long as a large Army is retained here at a heavy
extra cost, and because of soma presumed pub
lie necessity, is evident. Yes tha new Post
master-General has cut down the Mail Service
on this important central route from weekly to
Hewi-taont Ay. But the contractors, who arc
obliged to run their stages weekly because of
their passenger business,'at. 1 because they have
to keep their stock and pay their men whether
they work or - lay, find that they cannot carry
the Mail c .cry other week so cheaply as they
can every week. For instance ; A mail front
too F.sUd now often consists of twelve to
sixteen heavy sacks (most of them filled with
Irm..:cd doi-umcuis), weighing as many hundred
pounds. Double this, aud no six-mule team
would draw it at the requisite pace, and no
b&ggago wagon stand the jerks and jolts of an
unmade road. $o they say, "Please let us |
carry the .Mail weekly, though you only pay us j
for carrying it souii-moutbly." But no! this
ii strictly forbidden ! The Postmaster at Salt I
Lake has express written orders to refuse it, i
and of course he at Sc. Joseph also. Aud thus
all ibis central region, embracing at least a
dozen important Military posts and countless
ludi.ru Agencies, is reduced to semi-monthly
mail service, though the contractor would glad
ly make it weekly at the same price!
' 11. G.
biota the „V. Y. Tribune.
Banteriug with Baiikrupley.
It is not doubted that a prodigious amount of
] urapdy may ho put inside of a man's ekia.—
Itov. livs and shoulder-hitters hae occasionally
: varied iheir recreative belligerencies by wagers
to 3tie the quatiima. It has been proved iu
j U.vnrt—at least it has there been sworn to —
that- a man may swallow sixty pints of lager beer
in a day, and yet live; Those who ive wag
i erud oa the Brandy generally died of it. A
; ourieit of anything, however, guod / may produce
j deaih incontinently, in such case it is uot the
j thing that kills, but tho sat few. Home Tooke,
! in the days of Junius, being suspected of the
i authors;,ip of those pangeufc missives, was ask
; how mueh treas a a uiau could write with
r,er being hanged, w which he replied that he
| was just then trying. I; would seem from this
; fcMtul oi human temerities that there is no rash
ness too great to be indulged in. Obristophc,
the black Etapcror of Hayti, used to say that
if he were to pHeo a bag of coffao in the jaws
| Lcli, a Yankee would quickly be round to go
after it. People crowd, to witness Blondin cross
Niagara on a tight rope because tucy have a
I sneaking expectation that t: cy may see him
hrc;;2 h •. neck. Like those who wger on the
i the chances are that ho will keep ou
till he does so.
It strikes us that the peopio of this count!y
are all wagering with each other to see how
groat au amount of foreign iron, cloth, and silk
and finery they can import and use up without
: breaking. VV ageriug of this kind is uot by any
: aieaus a new thing with them. They did it
s;gclyju-t afier the peace of ISIS, and it burst
: their boiiets so hopelessly that one half of them
: uevr-r recovered from the explosion. The war
| buil; up our cotton manufacture to a home con
; sumption of one bale tor cveiy tour that were
! grown, wbiie the woolen manufacture at that
| var'y day employed nc less than $12,000,000
o: capital, and farmers had a dome mo market
i>r food better than thoy had ever had. Shut
ting out foreign goods- sent dour up to an aver
age of §3. and pgrk to ouc of §l5 daring the
whole war. Peace came, and while it opened
miual markets abroad fur our food, is do3iroy
vd the real one at homo created by nunufao
ores, by flooding as with foreign fabrics. On
tbo iieol c this deluge came the Act of ISIS,
which repealed the iiltlc protection that rcmain
cd, and Trca Trade became rampant. A na
tional bankruptcy was the result. Labor ceas
ed to ho iu demand, because the manufactures
wore ruined; wheat sunx to 37 cents, and in
many parts of the country to 20 Cents per bush
el, while flour wont down to §1 25 per barrel.
The farmers iu tucir turn wore ruined by thou
sands. Thcv had foolishly consort ed .c gvo
up a lioiua market for a foreign one, the price
of tun exchange being tie rila of the manu
facturers, a., if the fortnor cuuid iivo after the
latter Lad been destroyed. The country of
cou.c .est its ability to consume the goods
which had made it bankrupt, and the imports
sunk from ninety million* to Sfty milltous. The
country was cleaned out of iu specie, Leak
rags were seen everywhere, aad specie no
where.
la aio3t wagers, somebody secures au advan
tage: but in this n-tioml ouc everybody made
a loss. We therefore quit wagering,after try
ing its virtue some six years, as i; was found
that cotton at 7 cents, pork and beef at §S a
barrel, and hams at C cents, didn't pay. Farm
ers couldn't pay their debts at those prices,
just as many of them arc unable to do it DOW.
thoy rose up aud required that the labor of the
nation—not tho mcro employers who owned
forges and factories, hut the man who did the
| work in them—should be protected from this
| deluge of foreign fabrics. This was iu 182-t.
| The country immediately sprang forward on a
| career of high prosperity. The labor ef the
I nation,, being fully employed and well paid,
i was ag-ia able to eousume whatever the farmer
( produced, aud ho found prices to be con.-tatitly
going up. Laud rose even above its former
value, and this rise, added to tho uuuual proiit
o! tho crops, cleared off thousands of debts in
cvoiy State, liut the oid leaven of wagering
to sec how much foreign siulfs we could use up
without breaking, returned on us in full force
at tue end of ten years. We had had good
times long enough. .Money flowed in upon us
ifrom abroad, lb aa'.tca v-.m ,-ut of debt, eve-
VOL. 32, NO. 39.
rybody was getting rich, and the complaint u
that those who worked in forges and factories
were making more than their share. The farm
er* were told that Europe would buy wheat and
pork at better prices, and they again fell into
the trap by ietting in foreign food, worked up
into cloth and silk and iron, to an extent that
onee mora laid the manufacturers on their
becks. Then followed an era of good times
for lawers and sheriffs, diversified with an ox
plosion i. f ail the banks in 1837, and as abso
lute an extinction of hundreds of mitlions of
capital es if it had been swa'ied up by fire.—
The coin of the country flowed out as fa3t ha
it could be gathered up, the Government li7ed
by shinplastors— jast as it i. doing now; pubiie
and private credit were extinguished, and the
farmers found the prices of wheat and pork
knocked down to one-half. Nobody gained by
the wager but the rich, and only a few of tlicw.
They became richer while the poor became
poorer.
This infatuation lasted till 1842, when the
farmers thought they had kept the manofactu
iors down long enough, and BO again set them
on their legs. The country rose up from its
sackcloth and ashes as if touched by the
magician's wand. Baukrupt States were quick*
!y enabled to resume payment, the banks came
back into the cash line, old factories and fur
naces were again active, while in any new ones
were bni'.t, railroads were opened, canals dug,
the prostrate West weut bounding onward in
a new career of prosperity, and instead of an
export of all our specie, an influx of forty
millions of dollars within five years established
credit, both national and private, on a basis
that would have remained solid to this day, had
act the old infatuation returned to plague us.
The impulse giveu to all forms of human in
dustry was prodigious. Iron rose from a home
production of two hundred thousand tuns, iu
1842, to eight hundred thousand tuns, in 1b46,
while coal, iu the same period, increased its
paoductioa from one million two hundred ncd
fifty thousand to over three million tabs. The
men who mmcd this coul and smelted this iron
were uh the wbiic consuming the flour and pork
which they kept the tarmora busy in raising,
atid as they uiado good wages so they paid good
pi ices. Agriculture again prospered, farms
went up iu price, and th country was not ouly
gcttiog out of debt, but getting rich. A home
market for our food was again proved to be the
beat. .. ..
: uese facts are all historical. Yet, in the face
of ihciu, we began ta 1846 the old wagering as
to how much foreign merchandise we could con
oaae without becoming bankrupt. The banter
bus bc.u continued c-vcr since, and is going on
wiiile we w.ite. Some oue has said that a nsw
generation of fools couics up every three years,
and others, that iliey never dia.
At this rate of conversion, uad with the
sigu3 of ibe times around us, we invoke the
small sprinkling of wise beads among us to ci
pL'ei out the mental status of tiia nation three
years hence, unless a sharp turn is made in our
career. A scveu ye.uV itch cf low prices has
manifestly begun among the farmers. Nobody
opens coal initios, or builds new factories, white
nose who own railroads are sick uuto death of
tn'-'m. Wheat has fallen enormously since New
dear's, and the fall has made more than one
man a beggar. As the new crop couies for
ward, :t must fail still more, until it goes low
enough to undersell the English market, other
wise it will remain here. As long as this in
sane wagering is persisted in, the process of a
general flattening out will go uu. We may
uour cp longer now loan aioreuaie, because we
novo the ID lues of California to lean upon.—
"i :m tnuiiohs she produces merely pass in tran
situ through our mints to Europe. Every
dollar of if is anticipated before it reaches as,
pledged to pay for foreign food. Where should
we be if it could be kept among us ?
"lUE DDMB iIUTCH.' 5
iron. YV a. 11. Wiltc, e: Philadelphia, who
is ?pokea of by the Lceouiptoaitcs as their can
d.uato for Governor, recently addressed his po
litical brethren :a West Chester. Daring tho
course of hi, speech, he indulged in the follow
ing liber-i remarks, which will be properly ap
i reciaied by that eiass of our fellow citizens
for whom they are iuten led—all of whom aro
expected to vote the Democratic ticket. Mr.
Wit to said:
-ila ridiculed the iwoa of protecting natu
ralized citizens who owed any iiind of service
in Europe. \Ue vjppesiuuu u~<i made a great
ue .se about Mr CAss's Letterj hut if a utao owed
u debt iu any c-.uutry, aud wcut hack, he should
be made to pay it. The Irish arc dumb, aud
the Dutch aro dumber, but tbey cau see through
tuis easy enough."
"Occasional" writes from Washington to
luO Philadelphia Press.
"Tne steadj course of lr. Buchanan and
The Constitution in support of Gen. dam
iiuustou us the Democratic candidate for Pre
sident in lcitiir bus awakened intense icdigua
tioa iu the South, and i auu assured by some
of Mr. diiueli'a irieuds that be feels personally
affronted at the public uud persisteut nrauner
in whbu Mr. Buchanan insists upon getting
down on his knees to a man who opposed hint
ia ldoG.. and who joiued the Ainerioan Order
in 1564. lam not now speaking against dam
Houston —for him 1 have groat personal re
spect} but it is a foot, that now hare iu tLo
douthtrn country aro the leaders of the Demo
oratio party more hostile to him thau in the
State ol Louisiana. They regard him as tue
embodimeut of intensified humbug, and are
opposed to him because no is opposed to the
Democratic party."