«nn committed there under the abu-
issue of Spanish commissions.
early period of the present year,
stzances were made to the gov:
i that island, by an agent who
“sent for the purpose, against
/ss outrages on the peaceful com
gice of the United States, of which
yw had occurred. That officer,
essing his own want of authority
yamake satisfaction for our just com
ints, answered only by a reference
hem to the government of Spain.
he punister of the United States to
that cot Was specially instructed to
fee the necessivy, of the immediate
id effectual interposition of that gov-
amen, directing restitution and Io-
demnity for wrongs already commit
ted, and interdicting the repetition of
them. . Ihe minister, as has been
sen, was debarred access to the
Spanish government, and in the mean
time, several new cases of flagrant
outrage have occurred, and citizens of
he United States Tn the island of Por-
165 Rico have suffered, and others have
bi een threatened with, assassination,
{yr assevting their uuquestionable
iphts, eveo before the lawful tribu-
mais of the countrys
‘Ibe usual orders have bees given
‘tall our public ships, to seize Amer-
joan vessels eogaped in the slave
Ade, and bring them in fOr adjudica-
ftion, and I have the gratification to
s'ate, that not one so employed has
Boon discovered, and there is good
reason to believe that our flag is now
| geidom, if at ail, disgraced by that
es 1 a ic 3
It is a source of great satisfaction
(hat we ate always enabled to recur tof
the conduct of our navy with pride
and commendation. As a means of
pational defence, it enjoys the public
confidence, and is steadily assuming
additional importance, It is submit.
ted whether a more efficient and
| «ually economical organization of it,
L1aizht pot in several respects, be ef
f cted. It is supposed that higher
jerades than now exist by law, would
be useful. They would afford- well
anerited rewards to those who have
Joag and faitblully scrved (heir coun-
try ; present the best incentives to
good conduct, and the best means of
insuring a proper discipline, destroy
he ungquality in that respect, between
‘railitary and paval services, and relieve
out officers from wany inconveniences
‘and moriifications, which occur when
our vessels meet those of other na-
tions : ours being the only service in
‘which such grades do not exist.
A report of the postmaster general,
hich accompanies this communica-
tion, will show the present state of the
post-office department, and its general
| operations for some years past.
There is established, by law, eighty
eight thousand six huudred miles of
the post roads, on which the mail is
now transported eighty five thousand
seven hundred miles, and contracts
‘liave been made for its transportation
oa all the established rostes, with one
or two exceptions. There are five
thousand two hundred and forty post
«Tces in the union, and as many post.
ywasters, The gross amount of post-
ave whichaccrued from the lst. of
July, 1822, to the lst of July, 1823,
| was $1,114,345 12 cents. During the
same period, the expenditures of the
posioffice, department amounted to
| 81,109,885 51 cents; and consisted
of the following items : Compensation
A revision of some parts of thei*he purpose intended by the’ cot.
post office law may be necessary ; an { wpears by their report which accom-
be proper to provide for the appoint |Department, that
ment of postmasters, whese the com-{is not adequate, to the purpose In-
pensation exceeds a certain amoubistended, and as the piers would :
by nomination to the senate, as other/great service, both to the navigation of
officers of the general government are|the Delaware Bay, and the protection
appoiuted. of vessels on the adjacent parts of the
Having communicated my views tolcoast, I submit for the consideration
congress, at the commencement oof Congress whether additional and
the last session, respecting the en-'sufficicnt appropriations should no
couragement which ought to be givenlbe made.
to our manufactures, and the principle] The board of Engineers were also
on which it should be founded, I have|directed to exzaming and survey the
only to add that those views remain/erirance of the harbor of the Port o!
unchanged, and that the present statc|Presquisle in Pennsylvania, in order
of those countries, with which wejto make an estimate of the expense of
bave the most immediate political re-/removing the obstructions to the en-
lations and greatest commercial inter-{trance, with a plan of the best mode ol
course, tends to confirm them. Un.|effecting the same under the appro-
der this impression, I recommend al priation for: that purpose, by act of
a review of the tanff, for the purpose Congress passed: the 3d of March
of affording such additional protection last. The report of the board ‘accom
to those articles which we are prepar- panies the papers from the War De-
ed to manufacture, or which are more partment, and is submitted for the con-
immediately connected with the de. sideration of Congress.
tence and independence of the coun-| A siroeng hope has long been enter:
try. tained, founded on the beroic struggle
“The actual state of the public ac-of the Greaks, that they would succeed
counts furnishes additional evidence, in their contest, and resume their equal
of the present system of accountabili {station among the nations of the earth.
ty, in relation to the public expendi- It is believed that the whole clyilized
ture. Ofthe moneys drawn from-the world takes a deep interest In their
treasury since the 4th. of March, 1817, welfare. Although po power has de-
the sum remaining accounted for on clared in their favor, yet none, accord:
the thirtieth of September last, ising to our information, has taken part
more than a million and a half of dol-{against them. Their cause and their
lars, legs than on the thirtieth of Sep-|name have protected them from dan-
tember preceding, and, during thejgers, which might erc this bave oyer-
same period, a reduction of nearly ajwhelmed any other people. The or-
million of dollars has been made in|dinary calculations of interest, and of
the amount of the unsettled accounts acquisition, witha view to aggrandize-
for moneys advanced previously to the ment, which mingle so much io the
4th. of March, 1817. It will be ob. [transactions of nations, seem to have
vious, that in proportion as the mass had no effect in regard to them.
of accounts ot the latter description I'rom the facts which have come to
is diminished, by settlement, the dif- our knowledge, there is good cause
cise details on this subject, I refer to rank is the object of our most ardent
a report froin the first comptroller of wishes,
the treasury.
The sum which was appropriated at of the last session, that a great effort
Alpeople of those countries ; and that it
appeared to be conducted with ex-
traordinary ~~ moderation.—It peed
scarcely be remarked, that the result
has been, so far very different from
what was anticipated. Of events ip
that quarter of the globe with which
we have so much intercourse, and
from which we derive our origin, we
have always been anxious and interest-
ed spectators. Fhe citizens of the
United States cherish sentiments the
with good effect to that object.
final report has not yet been received
from the agent who was appointed to
superintend it. As soon as it is re-
ceived, it shall be communicated to
congress.
Many patriotic and enlightened cit-
izens, who have made the subject an
object of particular investigation, have
suggested an improvement of still
greater importance. They are of
opinion the waters of the Chesapeake
and Ohio may be connected together
by one continued caral, and at an ex-
pense far short of the value and im-
portance of the object to be obtained
If this could be accomplished, it is
and happioess of their fellow men on
that side of the Atlantic. In the wars
relatiog to themselves, we bave never
it. A great portion of the produce of
the very fertile country through which
it would pass, would find a market
through that channel. Troops might
be moved with «reat facility in war,
with cannon, and every kind of muni-
tion, and in either direction. Con
necting the Atlantic with the western
country, in a line passing through the
seat of the national government, it
would contribute essentially to
strengthen the boasd of union itself.
Believing as I do, that congress pos-
sess the right to appropriate money
their respective governments,
{uy postumasters $353,995 98 cents ;
transportation of the mail $784,600 8
| £423 8 cents.
Jrom postmasiers, $135,245 28 cents
from laie pustmasiers and contractors,
$256,749 31 cents; making a total
amnbuut of ballances due to the depart-
ment, of $391,994 59 cenis; these
| balances embrace all delinquencies of
| posimusters and contractors, which
| have taken place since the organiza-
tien of the department. There was
“duc by the department, to contractors
on the first of July last, $26,548 64
Lents.
The transportation ofthe mail, with-
| 1) five years past, bas been greatly ex-
tended, and the expenditures cf the
deparinent proportivnably Increased
Although the postage which has ac
crued within the last three years, has
§uiien short of, the expenditures
6962 821 46 cents, 4t appeais that
<0 léctions have Lisen made from out-
“
pal part of the current demands.
| It is estimated that pet more than
be collected, and that a considerable
| part of (his sum cab only be realized by
a resort to legal process. Some hue
svovesnent in the receipts for posiagc
tie co.dtction of monics received by
nustmasters, it is beheved, will ena-
File ihe department to continue 11S 0p
‘erations witaout aid fram the treasury.
wcidental expenses $30,866 37 cents:
cents ; payments into the treasury,
On the first of July
“last, there was due to the department,
2
Standing Lallances to meet the princi)
$250,000 of the above ballances can{ future repaws, and of providing also.
15 expected. A prompt attention to
ior such a national object, the juris
'dictlon remaming to the state through
{which the canal would pass, I submit
|it to your consideration whether it
enjoyed unexampled
whole nation is devoted.
|may not be advisable to autho-ize, by felicity,
‘an adequate appropriation the em.
ployment of a suitable number of offi
cers of the corps of engineers,to ex-
amine the unexplored ground, during
the next season, and to report their
ppinicn thereon. It will likewise be
proper to extend their examination to
the several routes through which the
waters of the Ohio may be connected,
by canals, with those of Lake Erie.
As the Cumberland road will need
apnual repaivs, and Congress have
not thought it expedient to recem-
mend to the states an amendment to
the constitution, for the purpose of
vesting in the United-Siates a powass
to adopt and execute a system of in.
ternal improvement, it is also submit-
ted tu your consideration, whether i
may not be expedient to authorize {the
Executive to enter into 2n arrange:
ment with the several states through
which the road passes, to establish
tolls, cach within its mus, for the
purpose of defraying the expense of
ble relations
salety.
or
other manner; their destuoy, by an
than as a manifestation of an untriendl
In the war between
iby suitable penalties, for its protec.
tion against future injuries.
The act of Congress of 7th of May
1822, appropriated the sum ot 22,700
dollars tor the purpose of erecting
two picts as a shelter for vessel:
from ice, near Cape Henlopen, Dela
ware Bay. To cffect the object of the
acty the officers of the board of En
gioeers, with commodore Bainbridge
the United States
their security.
unless the expenditure shall. be In
cused by the catallisiment of new
iat POLLS, Ty k
were directed #0 prepare plans anc
catipuates of pice suflicieat to answer
it is submitted, whether it would no {panies the documents from the Warito themselves, dy '
the appropriation{lorce, mn the internal concerns of Spam.isounts, viz,
To what extent such interposition may
be of ibe carried, onthe same principie, is aer with the robbery of the mail by the
; independent]
IPOWETrsy
proper, on any principles satisfactory
to have interposed, by
questo in which all
whose governments differ
fium theirs, are interested ; even those
mast remote, and surely none more
so than the nited States. Cur pol
icy in regard to Kurope, which was
adopted at an early stage of the wars
which have so long agitated that quar-
ter of the globe, which pevertbeless
remains the same, which is, not to
interfere in the interpal concerns ol
any of its powers; to consider the
government de facio as the legitimate
government for us; to cultivate
friendly relations with ity and to pre-
serve those relations by a frank, firm
and manly policy, meeting in all io-
siances the just claims of every pow-
‘er 3 submitung to injuries irom none.
But iv regard 10 these continents, ave
eminently and conspicuously different.
[t is impossible that the allied powers
stonld extend their political: system]
to any poriion of either continent, with-
oul endangering our peace and happi-
ness 3 nor can apy one belicve that
our scuthern brethren, if left to them-lbing the mail, &c.
selves, would adopt it of their own
accord. It is equally impossible,
therefore, that we shouid behold such
interposition, in any form, with indf-
erence, If we look to tbe compaia-
tive sirengih and resources of Spain
and those new governments, and their
distance from each other, it must be
obvious that she can never subdue
them. It is stili the true policy ol
the United States to leave the parties
to themselves, inthe hope that other
powers will pursue the same course.
If we compare the present condi-
ficulty of settling the risidue is in- to believe that their enemy has lost;
creased, from the consideration that forever all domirionover them ; that ; furn
in many instances, it can be obtained Greece will become again av indepen-jexampie of a progress in Improve
only by legal process. For more pre- dent nation, That she may obtain that,
It was stated at the commencement;
the last session, for the repairs of the was then making in Spain and Portu-{ lions,
Cumberland road, has been applied, gal to improve the condition of the’
most friendly, in favor ol the liberty,
European power, in any other light
disposition towards the Ubpited States,
The late events in Spain sand Por.
tugal show that Europe is still unset.|{lias Glenn
ted. Of thisimportant fact vo strong} At eight o'clock, Judues Duval ai,
er proot can be adduced, than that the] Bland deliyeid separate chuiges iu th
tion of our Union, with its actual
state at the close of the revolution,
the history of the world furnishes no
ment, in all the important circum-
stances which constitute the happiness
of a nation, which bears any resem
bignce to it.—At the first epoch ow
population did not exceed three mil-
But by the Jast census i
amounted to ten willions, and what is
more extraordinary, it is almost alto
gether native, for the emigration from
other countries has been Incousidera
bie. At the first epoch, half the terri-
tory within our acknowledged limits
was uninbabited and a wilderness,
Since then new territory has been ac-
quired, of vast extent, comprising
within it many rivess, particularly the
Mississippi, the navigation of which
to the cccean was of the highest im-
portance to the original states. Over
this territory our population bas ex-
panded in every* direction, and new
States have been establiseed, almost
of the European powers, in matters equal, in number, to these which form-
ed the first bond of our Union.
impossible to calculate the beneficial taken any part, nor does it comport) This Expansion of our population, and
consequences which would result from with our policy to do so. It is only accession of new States to our Upion,
when our rights are invaded, or seri- have had the bappicst cffect on ai} its
ously menaced, that we resent injuries, highest ifiterests, That it has emi.
or make preparation for our defence..nently augmented our resources and
With the movements in this hemis-
pbere, we are of necessity, more im- bility, as a power, is admitted by all.
mediately connected, and by causes!
which mast be obvious to all enlight- circumstances only, that this happy
ened and impartial observers. The effect is felt, It is manifest that, by
political system ofthe allied powers enlarging the basis of our sysiem, and
is essentially differentin this respect, iocreasing the number of States, the
trom that of America. The difference, system
proceeds from that which exists in strengthened in both
‘added to our strength and respecta-
itself has been greatly
its branches.
And Consolidation and disunion have there-
to the defence of our own, which has by been rendered equally impraciica-
been achieved by the lossot so much ble. Each government confiding in
blood and treastre, and matured bylits own strength, has less to zpprehend
the wisdom of their most enlightened from the other; and ip consequence
citizens, and under which we have each enjoying a greater freedom of
this action, is rendered more efficient
We owe it all the purposes for which 1t
therefore to candor, and to the amica- stituted. It is unnecessary to treat,
existing between the here, of the vast improvement made
United States and those powers, to de- in the system itself, by tie adoption of
clare, that we should consider any at-
tempt on their part, (0 extend their fect of elevating the character, and
system to any portion of this hemis- in protecting the right of the nation,
phere, as dangerous to our peace and as well as of individuals.
for
was in-
this constitution, and of its happy ef-
JAMES MONROE,
Washington, December 2, 1823.
>
bers.
Barrivone, Nov 256.
CIRCUIT CUURT This Cour
those new convened at ten o’clock yesterd y'place he had
governments and Spain, we declared morning, and proceeded with the tris
our neutrality at the ime of their re- of Johan Emmonhiser, arrairned
cognition, and to this we have adhered, robbin
fo
Esq.” When Mr.
The pleadings were then ciosed by
Esq. District
wimbw Wil
But, it is not in these important
To what
With the existing colonies then do we owe these blessings? It
dependencies of any European is known to all, that we derive them
power, we have not interfered, and from the exceilence of our institutions. perpetrator of the lou! deed will soon
shall not interfere. But with the Ought we uot ther adopt every meas-|ve brought before cffended justice.
governments who bave declared their ure, which may be necessary to per-
independence, and maintained it, and petuate them ?
whose independence we have, on con-
sideration and on just principles, ac-|
knowledged, we could not view any
interposition for the purpose of op-
pressing them, or controiling, in ony, 1 T1218 ofthe Mail rob-
on Heauthitermiination,
indispensible to{concluded, at tree ¢’ lock, the courtied him from it on account of bis 10% -
adjoutned and convencd again at five.knowing the language, znd adyiscd
L-ihim to go to New
Attorney. if Mr. Meriay) had a brother;
TilaHied powers should have thought ity ay, who then retired 1a iheir room.
{lt is here proper to remark that tha
lindictment consisted of four distinct
The fi st count charged the prison.
use of dangerous weapons, and putting
the driver's lite in jeopardy-
The second count charged the pris.
over with the robbery of the mai'ycor-
taining letters, packages, &e. by put-
ing the drivers life in jeopardy.
The third count charged the prison
er wiih the simple robbery of the nail,
The fourth count charged the Piils-
ner with the robLery of the matty by
putting the Lie of the mail guard in
jeopardy.
The jury were absent about an hour,
when they returned a verdict of guiity
of the third count, and not guilty of
the fi st, second and fourth counts of
the indictment. Wd
The verdict thus subjects the prise
oner to the pusishimcent of imprison-
ment only. "
Xovember 28.
MAIL ROBBERS —At ten o'clock
yesterday morning the Circoiv Coorg
of the United States resumed the iri.
al of Thomas Ward, arraigned for rob-
Davip SvewarT,
esq addressed the Jury, in cemtinua-
tion of the defence of the prisoner, and
was followed on the same side by Rpv-
Eroy Jounson, esq. The cose was
closed by the District Attorney.
Judges Duvarr and BLaxp several-
ly charged tbe Jury, the latter at con-
siberable length—alfier which the Ju=
ry retired for about eae hour, abd de-
tivered a verdict of guilty on the third
count in the indictment, and no? guilty
on the first, second and fourth counts,
The third count, it will be recollected
embraced only a charge of simple rob-
dery, as'in the case of Emmonhiser,
ind renders the puisoner liable to jma
prisonment only: The other copys,
nm which he was found not guilty, were
capital counts.— American.
ETT Cy
TE TH? Ray NB i ES LED RF 4
REE PATEICH
Notlor himself, but for his country.”
—
WEDNESDAY, December 17
tl § Cee
The length of the President’s Mes-
sage has compelled us to exclude tha
greater part of the preceedigs of the
Legislature of Peunsyivanis, together
with a variety of olier important at-
ter which we bad on hands for ths
week’s paper. We have, howeser,
wserted as ouch of the proceedings
of the legislature, as immediately cons
Cerns our own county.
F REPRESENTA-
TIVES.
TEURSDAYy, DEC'R. 4
PrriTions, for aid to erect a bridge
over Bald Eagle creek, in Centre
county : for authorily to Charles Trcz«
ivuiny to moake copies of dralis in the
public offices at Harrisburg, without
paying fees: for a law (0 make a
certain record of assessments in Cen.
tre county, evidence in courts of jus-
tice ;—weie read and referred.
SATURDAY, DLC 6,
REPORT. An act for the relicf of
[Charles Trezivuloy of ‘Centre county.
WEDNE DAY, DEC. 10.
A bill was reported, viz.
By Mr. Mitchell, An act declaring
part of ishing Creek a public highe
way.
HOUSE O
New York, Nov. 24.
MURDER.
An aggravated case of murder has
been commited in this city. The
exposition of the body for the purpose
of identification, and the publicity ot
in event so horrid, his produced
nore excitement in the community
‘han any occurrence since what is call-
=d the « Doctor’s Mob,” that wok
lace thirty years since. Bot, « mur-
der will ou,” avd from certain dis.
closures in the course of yesterday,
there is reason to belicve, that the
In the course of Saturday forenoon
the murdered man was identified by
the Rev. Mr. Pewer, of the Roman
Cathelic Church, and proves to be
that of James Murray.
We have seen Mr. P. and have ob.
tained from him the foliowiag state-
ment =
Mr. Marray arrived here in ths
Fulton Packet fiom Boston ou fues-
tlday last, in the neighborbocd of which
I been working in a foun-
U'dery near five years, He had saved
¢'by his bard earnings over four hLuo-
J g the U. 8. mail and piltine ioldred ond fifiy dollais, which be had
and shall continue to adhere, proyided jeopardy the tife of the maii carrier. with hima ; 30d came to thisci'y with
no change shall occur, which in the Reverdy Johnson, Esq. addresssd thelan intention to proceed to Buenos
judgment of the compelent authori- Jury on the part of the prisoy. rv, and Ayres ; and, on Thursday visited Mr
ties of this government, shall make alwas followed on the same side bv UU [Power to ask his advice zs
corresponding change on the part ofS. Heath,
{0 his de-
1 . . ard
Mr, P. however dissuad-
. i
Orluans, where
17
ail Mr.
(0 hid
8
diP. offered to give him a letter
choir, ARG wisu EGaiCed al hat Fhe
~
ma NI
+
|
ann Sas
a
Tea
Wn,
So
HM
g a lh
sR RR gp