mouse and farm.
Tbe Rural Grangers.
The rapid increase in numbers,
an d the increasing prominence and
influence of the Order of Patrons of
Husbandry, have excited no little
interest in the history of the origin
and progress ot that .influential or
ganization. The idea was originally
borrowed from an association which
bad existed many years in a com
munity of Scotch farmers in North
Carolina. The Scotch society seems
to have had for its object the pur
chase of all needed supplies from
b r st hands, and at wholesale, rates,
and the cultivation of more intimate
social relations among its members..
It was really nothing more than a
secret, co-ojperative, industrial and
literary association. The numbers
composing it wdre few and its influ
ence small. Indeed, the fact that
such a society had an existance was
not known beyond the limits of the
community affected by its institu
tions. It was not until the spring
0 f 1868 that the Order of Patrons
of Husbandry became known to the
people of the West. During the
preceding winter Mr. H. P. Kelly,
of Itasca, Minnesota, and several
other leading agriculturists of the
West, happening to be in Washing
ton, had frequent interviews in rela
tion to the Interests ot the farming
population of the Great West. It
wa< about that period that the char
acter and work jpgs of the Scotch
society of North Carolina became
known to them. The idea was seiz
ed upon, elaborated and matured to I
adapt it to the more general purposes j
of a national order. j
In the beginning of 1868 the order
was introduced into the West by
the organization of a Grange at
Itasca, Minnesota. In a short time
another Grange was organized in
Jasper county, lowa ; a third Grange
soon came into existence at Wauk
oti. Alamakee county, in the same
State. From the year 1868 the order
nude little progress until within the
past twelve months. A few Granges
were organized iin lowa, Minnesota,
Wisconsin and Illinois, bat up to
tietov'ianing of the year 1872 it is
esf/mated that the whole number of
members \n me ruur owwa
did not exceed lt is claim
ed that \n the same States now
there are at least 450,000 of the
patrons.
It may he interesting to farmers
in this locality to know something
about the internal organization of
now influential Order. As be
fore 1 stated in the Order of Patrons
of Husbandry is a secret society, no
one except members being allowed
b cross the threshold of their grange
halls. Women as well as men are
admitted to the highest degrees in
the subordinate granges. Beyond
the fourth degree it does not appear
that females are admitted. Members
admitted to the first degree are
known respectively as Laborer and
Maid; in the second degree as Cul
tivator and Shepherdess; in the
bird degree as Harvester and Glean
and in the fourth degree Hus
landman and Matron.
The fifth degree seems to be con
hired only in the state granges, and
'■ten men only. Those who have
hfen admitted to this degree are
f u.ed members of the Pomona, or
Hpe grange, composed only of
''tasters and past masters of subor
d ante granges. The sixth degree
e conferred only on members of the
( 'Uucil of the national grange. This
*■ miu-il is composed of masters and
I’tst masters of the state granges.
Tam council meets once in,every
.war. The seventh is the highest
<: ‘Siee to which any patron cauat
• It is conferred only on raera
\ t #
‘ tr> of tlie nalional sOnato&’which is
( ! >>l>L»se(l of members of thq council
v lio have served one year 'in that
f ’<ly. The emblem of this degree
feres. The functions of the-boun
-1!1d senate are similar to those
I;I representatives and senators; in
k-i*iative bodies. The supreme
itiioriiy in the order is lodged in
1 '■ master of the national grange :
*-‘ach subordinate has its
c *' n master, overseer, lecturer,
assistant steward, chaplain,
secretary, gale-keeper,
!vs > Fomona, Flora and lady as
s steward. Officers in subor-
*' ! !t, ‘ granges are elected to serve
“ • uiie }car, in state granges -two,
uLl ' ui the national grange five years.
Subordinate granges, by the rules,
must meet at least ooce io every
month, state granges once a year
and the national grange once in
every two years.
The order seems to be intended
to exercise a moral supervision over
its members, and provides tor the
care of such as may be unfortunate.
The social character of the order is
made prominent, but the material
interests of the class exclusively
represented in its secret conclaves
are, it isjdaimed, most assiduously
guarded. It will be seen from the
particulars given above that this
order is very compactly organised,
and, when taken in connection with
its vast increase in numbers, its
general diffusion over the whole
country, and its manifestations of
power and purpose, its existance
constitutes a most interesting study
for the sociologist as well as the
publicist. The moral and intellect
ual welfare of its members, though
strictly attended to, does not reveal
the broader and deeper significance
of the existance of this already pow
erful organization.. Already in many
localities has the occupation of the
agents, or “middlemen” who deal in
manufactured wares consumed by
farmers, become obsolete. The
granges have appointed middlemen
of their own, through whom an id?
terchaoge of products is effected at
the minimum cost. Id some places
they have purchased or leased grain
elevators; at other places they have
employed forwarding agents of their
own order. In lowa they have al
ready built an agricultural imple
ment manufactory of an extensive
capacity. Thus far they claim that
these enterprises have proved profit
able to them in the great reduction
in the expense of doing business,
and lessened the cost of manufactur
ed implements. But what is most
significant of this movement is the
rapid advance it has made. In
Tennessee, Mississipp, Alabama,
and especially in Georgia, the peo
ple are organizing granges with the j
same avidity which characterizes
the progress of the order in the
Northwest.
Relieving Choked Cattle.
A•* • ‘ O
with any hard substance that can
not pass the gullet, harsh measure
should never be used until oth
er’s have failed.
The practice of placing a
against one side of the throat and
endeavoring to break the obstruc
tion with a mallet, as is sometimes
practiced, is simply brutal. One of
the simplest, and at the same time
most efficacious remedies, is to give
a half pint of lard oil or melted lard,
by drawing out the animal s tongue,
raising the head and administering
from a thick bottle. This lubricates
the gullet, sickens the stomach”, re
laxes the muscles of the throat, and
in coughing the lodged substance
will generally pass either up or
down.
If the choking has existed so long
that inflamation of the throat has
ensued, resort must be had to the
probing, flexible rod, e ither whale
bone, vulcanized rubber, etc., with
a sponge or soft substance affixed to
the end. Introduce the soft end
into the throat, holding the animal’s
head up, and the obstruction being
reached, press it firmly down at
any risk, for it is now a case of life
or death.
To relieve the inflamation, apply
a slippery-elru poultice, keeping it
in close contact with the throat by
securing the folds in which it is
placed by means of cords to the
horns, keeping the animal on light,
soft food, assisted/by linseed tea,
until the inflamation is subdued.
Grain* for Poultry . —There is no |
other grain that is relished so well by |
fowls as Indian corn. It must al
ways continue to be ? as now the
American poulterer’s main reliance,
lor, although to fatten to use in cer
tain cases, it possesse more nutriment ,
for the price than any other grain, i
and can always be obtained. Corn
cau be given ground or unground,
raw or cooked. Oats we prefer ground
fine, as otherwise the hulls are too
bulky. With wheat bran end mid
dlings, wheat in the kernel, barley
and buckwheat, there need be no dif
ficulty in avoiding monotony. Rye
and brewer’s grains may be given
occasionally, if convenient.— The
Poultry T Vorl d.
THEf EAbICAL : MIBAYf MAr®r!B7&'
'T'OLEDO MUTUAL
LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY,
v‘? OHIO.
.• •• i
O R G£#lZRi> Tjfr APR XL, 18 72.
PAID UP CAPITAL
5130,000.00.
BOARD OP DIRECTORS.
Hok. W. W. JONES Hon. C. H. SCRIBNER,
Hon. C. A. KINO, Hon. W. A. COLLINS
WH. BAKER,
8. H. BERGEN, C. U. COY,
C. L. LUCE,
J. R. 8 WIG ART,
JOHN CUMMINGS, L. T. THAYER,
FRED BATON, J. R. OSBORNE,
WAGER SWAYNB, CLARENCE MORRIS,
J. W. ROSS.
PELEQ T. CLARKE, W. S. WAITE,
CHAS. COCHRAN.
OFFICERS.
8. H. BERGEN, President.
F. J. KING, Vice President.
CHARLES COCHRAN, Secretary.
J. F- ARIB, Assistant Secretary.
W. W. JONES, Medical Examiner.
WILLIAM BAKER, Attorney.
I
THE TOLEDO^MUTUAL
WILL ISSUE ALL THE
different kinds of policies
USUALLY ISSUED BY
life insurance companies.
At the usual rates charged by other
Reliable Companies .
Those insured m this Company are permitted to
travel bv, the usual routes, to or from any portion
or the Western Hemisphere, north of arid includ
ing the United States, or to or from any portion of
Europe, and to reside within said limits of travel,
without extra charge.
AN EXCELLENT FEATURE.
UPON SURRENDER OP AN
ORDINARY LIFE POLICY
At any time after the payment of one
ONE FULL ANNUAL PREMIUM ,
The holder of such policy win be curdled tojust
AS IIUCB PAID VP INSURANCE
As any other man of like age can
OBTAIN FOR A CASH PREMIUM
VALUE OF THE POLICY,
Computed in accordance with the rate of
Mortality and Interest
hat may have been adopted as the standard
fo the State for the
VALUATION OF LIFE POLICIES
Iftt'jtttatwe.
P. J. KING,
PERRY OR ABBS,
ROBERT CUMMINGS,
E. W. E. KOCH,
Equal to the
¥I N &
“THE AMERI
-*UNSUR
Plm premiums wherever exhibited—Prices low
hand Instruments
Frbm Mr. £dwant Hoffman, the celekraieel Flanisf.
1 conscientiously believe that your Piano Is In
every respect a most lnstrument.
Resjonsie Agents wailed
, ADDRESS
l : WING & SON,
j^ENTISTRY.
Db. J. Hobbat.ol
Bridgewater, user
all the latest style*
of plate for artificial
teeth that pose .4
any merit, and tab
teeth with gold aud
silver in the best
and most approved
manner. He will do
work as cheap as
the cheapest, and
guarantee the faith
ful and honest performance of every operation, <a
return the money, dive him a call. -
faM’TOjly.
J 8. WINANS
DEALER U?
HARDWARE, IRON, GLASS, AND RICUI
TURAL IMPLEMENTS,
EAST SIDE BROADWAY,
Agent for WOOD’S MOWER AND REAPER.
dec2.V6B:ly NEW BRIGHTON, PA.
jQO NOT PAIL TO EXAMINE IT.
UHDEE, FEED SEWING MACHINE.
A SPECIAL WARRANTEE FOR FIVE YEARS
PURNISHED WITH EACH MACHINE,
IN OPPOSITION
SEWING MACHINE COMBINATION.
PRICE COMPLETE) SSO 00.
Wo take pleasure in showing it.
LEE S. SMITH,
NO, 14 SIXTH ST., (LATE ST. CLAIR.,)
AGENTS WANTED IN THIS COUNTY.
Most Liberal Terms both in per cent and time.
nov!s 6m.
a. t. EBEBHABT.
WORD WITH YOU!
If You Want
BBERHART & BEDISON,
GENERAL INSURANCE AGENTS AND
REAL ESTATE BROKERS,
No, 223 BROADWAY, NEW BRIGHTON,
septfMy - Beaver County, Pa.
TRUNK STORE,
JO E L S. €O E & CO.,
Manufacturers and, wholesale and retail dealers in
SADDLES, HARNESS, TRUNKS, VALISES &
TRAVELIEQ BAGS.
No 60 Federal St„ Allegheny City, Pa.
All orders promptly filled and work warranted,
mayl&dm.. .
QAPERTON’S DINING ROOMS,
No 60 Market Sfc, Pittsburgh, Pa.,
Table furnished with the best the market affords
in Us season. „ ~ . .
Meals from6*4 In the morning until 1- o clocs
at night. , maUn-lm.
Uterfltwitt.
plsvellattenu*.
** Iv!j
THE NEW WILSON
«r
BEST 12? THE WORLD.
MANUFACTURED
TO THE HIGH PRICED i
GENERAL AGENT,
PITTSBURGH, PA.
To Boy Property,
To Soli Property,
Your House Insured,
Your Goods Insured,
Your Life Insured,
To insure Against Accidents
To Lease Your House,
To Hire a House,
To Buy a Farm,
To Sell a Farm,
Any Legal Writing Done,
Do not fall to call at the office of
& s o isr,
CAN PIANO,”
PASSED-
for the vnallty. Large prices alleged for Second*
in Exchange.
From the Independent.
The American Piano has deservedly become a
popular Instrument.
ft mocciipiell territory.
417 Broome St., N. Y. [ja3l*&m
O >
3 eg
► S os
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c go «5u-
CO ®QO g 3 L_J
*"d W a k!
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M J^=si=-SilllssW
s Ȥ hrt
oOaCO S 3 c -3,* fV
a* s5Sg Bg a a§g.sgo>|
x 5* w»
goa § - xi S F B°
go* •§:? sli- s
Ha Si KSS„ Hpcc
I® sl§*§ s^O
5* S»H
I
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> , ft S So
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03 *s}
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4i3 fe * Q os
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5► * ► aS 1 * B
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is £ 3. -
3 s * ®
- § «' 05
-* - . * *
REPAIR SHOP!
JOHN THORNLLEY, PROPRIETOR.
GREAT REPUBLIC ,
COOKING STOVE IN USE,
EXTENSION TOP .
1,000 NAMES ATTEST ITS MERITS
NEW ADJUSTIBLE GRATE
Throws our more heat with less fuel and less duet
REASONABLE RATES TO ALL
W. L. BEDISON
anglC-ly
JgRUCE & BARKER,
HbuSE.JSIGN & FRESCO PAINTERS
We give especial attention to all kinds of Sign and
Freaco Painting, and guarantee all ot our work tc
«*ive satisfaction, both in pried and material.
" martl’tl-ly.
A. OVERING,
PRACTICAL, PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL.
WIRE WORKER,
Manufacturer of
DIAMOND WIRE WINDOW GUARDS,
Wire Window Shades, Office ct Counter Bailing, At
NO. 10 FEDERAL STREET,
ALLEGHENY. PA.
Wire Cloth, Sand Screens, Fire Guards, Nursery
Stove Guards, Hat and Cap Stands, Bonnet Stands.
Hanging Moss Baskets, Bat and Mouse Traps, Dog
Muzzles, Sieves and Riddles, Flower Stands &c
Wire Figures, Fenders, Hat Trees. ;
All kinds of Wire Work on hand and made U
order. Estimates furnished. [feblo’7l-iy.
j;fvv
PIjSWU»IWO«|S.
AND
STOVES,
THE BEST
WITH THE
STANDS UNRIVALLED
THORN ILEY’S
than any other,
ENGINES AND CASTINGS
OF ALL KINDS MADE TO ORDER
GRAINERS, GLAZIERS AND
PAPER HANGING,
Main Street, (opposite the Bank),
BEAVER FALLS, PENN’A.
JOHN TUORNILEY
JgRADBURY PIANO FORTES..
ESTABLISHED IN 1834.
OVER 10,000 MANUFACTURED.
SO BETTER INSTRUMENT I
TUB BRADBURY TUB
NATIONAL PIANO of the COUNTRY.
READ THE PACTS.
Mrs. U. S. Giant uses in ber family the Brad
bury and says; ‘1 am perfectly delighted with ft.”
Theodore Tilton says: “I have had the beauti
ful Piano so long that notv to ask me how I like it
fe like asking mo-how l like one of my children.
In fact if yon were to ask the children I’m afraid
they would say they liked ft almost aswellasthey
like me. It speaks every day the year round and
never looses its voice. I wish Us owner could do
hatfsowelL”
LETTER FROM BISHOP SIMPSON.
PniLADKiPHTA. April 57,1868.
T. G, Smith & Co.— Gents —Having csed one of
yonr BradbnryiPianos, it has given great satisfac
tion tomy family and to many visitors who have
heard its sweet tones at my house. It is a very
superior instrument, both in finish and power. 1
heartily wish yon success as successor to the late
Wm. B. Bradbury, in continuing the manufacture
of his justly celebrated Pianos. Yours truly,
M. SIMPSON.
Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, Washington D. C„
Decides the Bradbury to be the National Piano
of the country. ,
Vice Admiral D’. D l . Porter, Washington D. C.,
“The Bradbury is exquisitely and beautifully
proportioned. We are de lighted with ours. ”
Hon, Colnmbns Delano, Secretary of the Interior,
Washington, Di C., calls the Bradbury the Piano
for the Interior.
P. M. General Cresswoll and Mte. Cresewell.—
“All our friends-admire the delightful tones o
the Bradbury, used at our receptione.”
Bobert Bonner, New York Ledger—“At any time
will drop the lines of 'Dexter, 1 to listen to tho
tones o{j the Bradbury. 11 .
Grand Central Hotel,. New Yorte-“In preference
to all others, we selected the Bradbury
for our parlors. Our guests pronounce them
splendid. 11
St. Nicholas Hotel. New York.—“ Have always
used the-Bradbury Pianos in our parlors, and take
pleasure In recommending them. 11
Hon. John Simpson, M. P., Canada, says-: “The
Bradbury canH be excelled. The best in the
Dominion. 11
U. Simpson, Bishop M. B, Church. Philadelphia.
“We know of no better Piano than the Brad
bury. 11
E. S. Janes, Bishop M, SL Chardin, N. Y.—“We
know of no better Piano than the Bradbury.”
Rev. Dr. John McClinton, Drew Theological Sem
inary—“My family and friends say the Bradbury
is unequalled. 11
T. 8. Arthur, Philadelphia—"We have used for
years, and can recommend-'the Bradbury Piano. 1 '
Philip Philips, New York, says, “1 have sung with
and used the Bradbury Plano- in ray family for
years. 11
W. G. Fischer, Professor of Music, Girard College,
Philadelphia. “I use as my inmily Piano, the
Bradbury, and can with confidence recommend
them. 11
Rev. Daniel Cany. Editor Christian Advocate: “I
purchased a Bradbury Piano, and it is a splendid
instrument in every respect-”"
Theodore Tilton, Editor Independent: "If you
were to ask my children, I am afraid they won Id
say they liked our Bradbury almost as well as
they like me.”
Dr. Daniel Wise, Editor Sunday School Advocate.
‘•1 use the Bradbury Piano, and think, like hie
music it cannot be excelled.”
any romv nn»j
Rev. Ur. Fields, Editor of the Evangelist. “I have
used a Bradbury lor years in my family, and
think there is none superior.” -
Sands Street Church Brooklyn, St. Lake’s M. K.
Church, and a host of other churches use the
Bradbury Piano la their Lecture and School
Rooms, also the Conservatories and prominent
Hotels in the United States.
John Caughey, Beaver Pa., purchased from mo
three years ago a No. 6. Bradbury, and says.
“There is no better, or sweeter toned, or more
desirable Piano, according to my judgment and
experience, than my Piano. It has given entire
satisfaction, and grows better as it become®
older."
Wm. McCoy, of Beaver. Pa., in tne spring of 1871,
bought from me a No. 8 Bradbory, which has
proven to be a superior instrument in every re
spect.
Miss Mary McGafflck also owns and uses a Brad
bury.
I WILL SELL THE
.BEADBUEY
at nearly
WHOLESALE PRICES
From 850 to sloocheaper than elsewhere. Will
order them\
DIRECT FROM TBE MANUFACTORY.
NEW YORK
WARRANTED FOR FIVE YEARS.
A 8630 PIANO FOR *4OO,
ORGANS
BKSX CLASS
Ordered at the lowest rates
BELOW PITTSBURGH PRICES.
PIANOS OF OTHER MANUFACTURERS
LOWEST RATES
Call before purchasing and sec
S3IITH CCBTIS, Ageiu.
! novS
OP THE
WILL SELL
-AT THE
RAcica Oyyics, Beaver^
7
or.