By Dr. Morris Fishbein
Preventive medicine includes all
measures used by public health of-
ficers, by physicians, and by the
public for the prevention of disease.
For instance, the feeding of cod-
liver oil and calcium and the ex-
posure to sunlight of infants in or-
der to prevent rickets is preventive
medicine. The use of exercise to
bring
the spi
is preventive
proper shoes
velopment of flat-feet, bunions, corns
and hammer-toes is preventive med-
icine.
There is hardly a phase of hu-
man life in which the knowledge of
medicine. The use of
preventive medicine may not be ap-
plied.
The health department sees to it P&
that the public has a good water
supply. They prevent the sale of in-
fected food; arrange for proper dis-
of sewage; pour oil on the
water in which . mosquitoes breed;
check the pasteurization of milk, ad- poo
vise mothers. in the care of the
child, and in many other ways en-
courage the practice of preventive
medicine.
Most of our present technic of
preventive medicine has grown up
in relationship to the knowledge
that diseases are caused by germs.
Hence preventive medicine assumes
control of all epidemics in order to
prevent those who are not infected
from catching diseases from those
who are. It sees to it that the
person with a severe infectious dis-
ease is isolated. It provides con-
tagious disease hospitals for the
care of people with contagious dis-
eases.
Preventive medicine sees to it
that. not only is the person himself
free. of germs, but also that the
linens he used, the utensils from
which he ate, and his environment
generally is freed from infectious
material. For this purpose disin-
fection and fumigation were devel-
oped. Formerly such chemicals as
.carbolic acid and formaldehyde were
used in this connection.
More recently it has been found
‘that thorough cleansing with soap
and boiling water, thorough airing,
and. exposure to sunlight are suffi.
cient for disinfection in most in-
stances.
Preventive medicine is likewise
‘concerned with prevention of dis-
«ase in individual by raising his
individual immunity through the use
of vaccinaiton, the injection of vac-
cines and the injection of preventive
serums.
The one who is likeiy to he ex-
posed to the use of drinking water
not thoroughly controlled from the
point of view of sanitation should
have anti-typhoid vaccination. Every-
one should be vaccinated against
smallpox. Children particularly
should receive toxoid or toxin-anti-
toxin against diphtheria.
Another example of preventive
: mericine is the giving of small doses
of iodine for the prevention of simple
Zoiter, particularly in areas such as
the Great Lakes area where the
water and the soil does not contain
enough of this important element.
“The prevention of exhaustion and
the control of fatigue must be in-
cluded also under preventive medi-
cine, since physical breakdown and
particuiar'y nerve exhaustion con-
stitute our main sources of illness.
Cancer nowadays is prevented in
many instances from spreading to
the point of fatality by the use of
early diagnosis and prompt surgical
removal of the cancer while it is
still localized in some one small
point in the human body.
The prevention of food poisoning
is largely a matter of preper inspec-
‘tion of food as sold and thorough
cooking, since thorough cooking of
foods wi'l destroy the botulinus tox-
4n and n':o the germs of botulism.
For hvdrophobia there is the Pas-
‘eur treatment, which involves the’
injection into the person infected of
a vaccine made of material from
‘the dried spinal cords of infected
rabbits.
But preventive medicine does not
stop with this attempt to immunize
‘the individual. It is concerned also
with the proper control of stray
dogs which are bitten by rabid ani-
mals and which then bite human be-
ings and convey the disease to them.
Some attempt has been made to
-prevent the spread of hydrophobia |
by vaccinating animals against the
disease. Unfortunately the immunity
is not lonz and the method has not
been considered as vet a
‘method for routine use.
Tt is known that flies spread dis-
‘ease. Hence vreventive medicine
ja concerned with the control of
flies. infects and simsar parasites.
Preventive medicine is also con-
cerned with the auestion of narcotic
addiction and the nroduction of di=-
ease by the use of Arues of varions
tvnes, Attemnts to control such
conditions are made throneh legal
control of the drugs which may
canse harm,
Anthoritiez in the field of nreven.
dive medicine urea nerindie nhvaieal
axamination for detactine Alepnse in
ita early ctaoes and tharahy males
i+ noeathla ta hrine the dlapacn 11M-
Aer romtro! AWanyv Aeanana are AR-
wociated with occupation. Hence em-
suitable
19381. | well ‘acquainted.
Your Health
about correct posture so that
nal growth shall be straight |
so as to avoid the de- |
! © OLD MAIDS.
| It had beea a very pleasant cross-
ing of the ocean and all of us who,
had been passengers had become
As the big ship moved slowly to
her pier we stood on the prome-
nade deck looking into the mass of
upturned faces, each hoping to dis- |
cover a relative or friend. :
Suddenly a woman beside me be-
gan to wave her handkerchief, and
from the pier, an old lady waved
back.
“That's my aunt,” the woman con-
fided to me. “Dear old Aunt Julia.
My husband sent me a wireless that
‘he is sick in bed with grippe. My
mother is in the South. I was
afraid there would be no one io
meet me.
“But I might have known. Aunt
Julia never fails. Blessed old maid,
she mothers us all. How could we
‘ever live without her!”
On the pier I was introduced to
Aunt Julia. A trim little figure of
a woman bubbling over with unself-
ishness, ladened with an extra coat
land a pair of overshoes—just incase
RE loving niece might happen to be
cold.
Having just come from France,
and feeling very continental, I bent
over and kissed her hand. She
blushed like a girl.
“You mustn't try to flatter an old
lady,” she said. But it was no at- |
| tempt at flattery; it was an act of
reverence. She is a member of the
noblest clan in the world.
I had been reading, on the boat, a
book about the Bronte family. Mr.
| Bronte was a self-centered country |
rson, who wore out his wife by
making her the mother of six chil-
dren in six years. Left with the
motherless brood on his hands, he
cast around for help, and thought
of his wife's maiden sister. She,
r thing, was living peacefully in
a lovely little town, with an income
sufficient to provide comfortably for
her simple wants. There was every
selfish reason why she should stay
just where she was.
Yet, at his summons, she did
not hesitate. She cast aside every
personal consideration, came down
to the bleak parsonage in its ugly
part of England and proceeded, for
the rest of her life, to devote her-
self to those children.
How many millions of similar in-
stances have there been in history!
What a priceless wealth of affection
is poured out on the other people's
children by aunts and nurses and
cooks and teachers to whom Fate |
gives no children of their own! How
could humanity conduct its exist- |
‘ence without them? 4
I thought of these things as 1!
watched Aunt Julia wrap up her
niece and hurry away. I lifted my
hat reverently and waved them
good-bye.
CREMATION LONG IN USE
FOR DISPOSAL OF DEAD
Cremation is one of the three.
{common methods of disposing of |
human remains which antedate his- |
tory, the others being simple ex-|
re and burial or entombment.
Cremation was originally widely
prevalent among the Indo-European
races. Throughout northern Europe
graves of the Bronze age contain |
not skeletons but urns for funeral
ashes. Cremation was the general |
practice of the Romans for hundreds
of years, while the Greeks also
practiced it toa great extent. Many
of the early American Indians burn- |
ed their dead; the custom was com-
mon of old in England and in Gallic
and Germanic Europe; and in India
and parts of other oriental countries
it is regularly followed today.
With the spread of Christianity,
however, cremation became a rare
thing. Charlemagne is said to have
punished with death those who prac-
ticed it. Discussions looking to-
‘ward its re-establishment began a
century or two ago, but nothing
came of them until ftaly sanctioned |
cremation in 1852 by revoking pro- |
hibitory laws. It was legalized in
France in 1887, and had been insti-
tuted in England two years earlier. |
It is now practiced to some extent |
in almost every country.
FIGURES WORTH REMEMBERING
—— |
The 3,000-mile boundary line be-|
tween the United States and Canada |
has not a single fort on it, and in|
1110 years not a warship has disturb-
'ed the Great Lakes.
Census figures show that the na-
tion now numbers 72,943,624 poten-
‘tial voters, or twice as many as ac-
tually voted in the 1928 presidential
| election. The men of voting age,
total 37,058,757 and the women |
35,886,867. :
More than $50,000,000,000 of Great
Britain's savings were destroyed dur- |
ing the World war and in the four |
and a half years of that conflict, |
England spent as much as in the |
two and a half centuries before the |
war.
In spite of the arms limitations |
‘imposed upon Germany by the Ver-|
| sailles treaty, that country’s cur-
| rent appropriations for maintenance
| of land armies amount to 1,100,000,- |
1000 francs. |
Only 36 American taxpayers re-
| ported incomes of more than y-
000.000 in the returns for 1929, while |
1,523,604 reported incomes of less]
than $5,000.
The Government printing office in
11930 turned out 106,000,000 copies of
| books and pamphlets written by of-|
| ficlaldom. The cost of merely mak- |
ing alterations on the printed proofs
| was $215,607. |
i
“With a single stroke of a brush,”
said the art teacher, taking his |
| class around the National gallery.
| “Joshua Reynolds could change a]
smiling face to a frowning one.”
“So can my mother,” said a small
boy.
i
i
| ployers are told about the possible |
| dangers which may exist in the in-|
| dustry and means are provided for
| prevention of disease.
' ¥ind in
' tume, and a woman, both standing in
. has been known,
| right, but are you sufficiently expert
| any toads sitting on them,”—Kansas |
| impartially enforced. Only loads of
| certain size are permitted on wagons
i |
| purned his potatoes,” cbserved Cash |
| send his wife's mother a souvenir
Desert Causes = FARM NOTES
Stir Among Scientists | A little additional lime in
In a sand-filled depression ‘near the: of bordeaux or lime sulphur
ancient Pyramid of Degrees, seventeen precaution against burning.
miles north of Cairo, Egypt,.a wonder-.,
tul discovery has been made by the
Wgyptiau department of antiquities.
Severn] stone statuettes were found | burned
In a heap at the top of a large sand- | plants wi
filled depression, some distance from. tects them.
any- building. Their attributes, cos-
tumes and attitudes indicate that they
are Syrian deities. On the other hand...
their workmanship seems to show the
hand of an Egyptian sculptor of the
Persian or Ptolemaic period. The
largest statueite represents a fat. seat-
ed woman, wearing a high tiara, Oth-
ers represent a man in Chaldean cos-
jum or plaster.
a muslin frame also pro- |
If there are five people in your
| family and the table is only large
enough to accommodate two, some-
body either has to waita good while
or go hungry. The same thing ap-
plies to baby chicks.
The serious drought of 1930
showed government agriculturists
‘that certain strains of corn had far
more resistance to the lack of mois-
ture and heat than other strains
had. i
| — i
—The best method of cleaning
market eggs is not to let them get
soiled—clean nests and a dry floor |
around them.
rigid attitudes, with their hands ex-
tended forward, while a man's head
with a large beard seems to come from
1 winged bull i
The rarity of figures of western Asi |
atic gods gives considerable impor
tance to these figures. They further
possess historical significance, as they |
were probably made for one of the for
eign colonies which were 80 humerous
at Memphis In the later pre-Christian
period, and of which hitherto so little
__If cultivation is to be effective
against quack grass, it must be
through, frequent, persistent, and
thorough, frequent, persistent, and |
properly timed. !
Sheep have helped to make!
Frank J. Dobmeier's system of farm-
ing more profitable. Mr. Dobmeier
lives on the edge of the Red River
valley in Grand Forks county, North
Dakota, one of the principal spring
wheat sections of the country. This
section several years ago became SO
Old and New Commingle
yon Streets of Madeira
Madeira has been aptly termed “The
Enchanted Isle,” and still deserves its
poetic title in spite of a recent land
slide which occasioned considerable
loss of life and property., Madeira is ba 8 a
a land of gun and flowers apd blue pg give Rhea .
skies which has become, highly popular cle? und e colld _con-
as na holiday, resort vith those, of | the sow thistles wi sheep.
means and leisure. What struck me He also found that sweet clover
most shout it (writes a correspondent),
was the extraordinary survival of cus
toms at least five or six centuries ol!
alongside modern methods and im
ma e a good sheep pasture, that
he could winter the sheep on sweet
clover hay and the
helped to boost his whea
provements. Up and down the nar
| “Sheep do not require much ex-
row, twisting streets of cobble, patient "
' nse or labor,” = . Dot y
piirs of bullocks still groan as they pe a Jos ajd 3r mele
“They make it possible for us to
grow legumes profitably and to keep
down our worst weed pest without
resorting to any tillage method.” |
strain at sleds laden with passengers
or merchandise, and driven by men
or boys In plcturesque native cos
tume, while the, mest modern motor
car, and motor busses. carrying na |
tives between Funchal and the villages
of the hinterland, whiz past them at a
quite incredible pace,
essential if one is to have pigs that
will live. One of our experiment
| stations has fed sows a ration of
| 3 pounds tankage, .48 pounds alfal-|
|fa hay and 4.7 pounds of corn per |
Use of Whales (day through their period of preg-
Practically the entire whale is used ey the result of 79 pigs per J
tor commercial purposes. Whale oil, 2.34 poun of which 89 Per dent of
of course, 1s the chief product and were ra as rt ’
used principally at the present time | No. doubt you are familiar with |
in making soap. Occasionally it 3 the of y corn alone. | i
used as a lubricant in combination | This
with mineral oll, and recently a new | SOWS
use has been found for it in an animal
oil for making margarine, Little whale |
ofl 1s now used for heating and ligh . | tion can be reduced one-half
Y ‘the other part su
ing purposes. Fresh whale flesh 18 | oil ‘meal. Comm
ra
eat their pigs or produce pigs
tle feed, and hoth the flesh and bones good results.
¥
Careful Clara |cause of weak
| sickness
Two Smith college girls were mem:
hers of a camping party on one occa
gion when the question of mushrooms
came up.
“Clara,” said one of them with ret
erence to the specimens brought In,
“these may be good mushrooms all
during the gestation period.
‘sows too closely confined
| fect.
healthy litters. Let the sow have
the run of an orchard or
1 winter, feeding her away i:
in such matters to know that they are jing the Se compelling her to ay ¥
pot in reality toadstools?” | ercise.
|
“well,” said Clara, “there weren",
City Times. pork more readily than
Eye for Values
A collector of manuscripts and first
editions of early Americana found a
sermon in pamphlet form In a second:
hand book shop, It was the only
known copy of the old sermon except
the one which the collector already
possessed. He pald $300 for the sec-
ond copy, then took it home with
him and threw it into the fireplace. protein than plump wheat,
cultural college.
‘Wheat is equal to corn
| value, pound for
riments have shown, while several |
experiment stations report that itis
even more valuable than corn in the
hog-fattening ration.
and if
The destruction of the second copy not too badly , is fully as!’
added several times its purchase price valuable for feed as sound wheat, it |Z
to the one the collector originally held, is stated.
“Tankage should always be added
'to the wheat ration for maximum |
| gains and economy of production, |
| Ogland says. ‘Wheat is somewhat
richer in protein than corn, but it
he explained.—Nation's Business,
Roman Carnival Changed
In a general way it can be said that
| the addition of protein to
carnival is held just before the begin | requires t p
ning of Lent, but it exists no more in | Balance the ration for pigs in the
its ancient form. In Rome it Is now
almost wholly limited to masked balls | ground or rolled for swine. Ex-
in the theaters and its manifestations periments indicate that this type of
In the streets are sparse and very at- preparation saves 15 to 20 per cent
tenuated. On the Riviera, however, | of its feed value. If ground too
there are floats, mainly with flowers, } ne. wheat becomes a pasty, in-
while this aspect of carnival, once so digestible mass when fed. Soaking
important, has altogether disappeared wheat may increase its value slight-
in Rome, !ly, but not enough to justify that
practice.
“It is possible to use wheat as the
only grain in the ration, but where
corn is available, a mixture of corn
and wheat, equal parts, is very de-
| sirable for fattening hogs. Barley
| or millet can also be used in the ra-
tion as a part of the grain feed
|along with wheat. It will take
from 450 to 550 pounds of wheat or
its equivalent to produce 100 pounds
of pork, depending on the ration
“Wheat should always be coarsely
Animals Well Treated
In Sofia, Bulgaria, animals of bur.
den are protected by laws which are
and the wagons must be greased reg-
ularly so they pull easily. Every ani-
mal pulling a burden must be properly
shod and drivers are cautioned to feed
them well, keep them treated properly fed.”
when they are ill. Fowls cannot be | — |
carried with heads down, as this is | —Mulching often increases the
cruel. | yield of strawberries 20 per cent in
| Pennsylvania. Not only is the yield
| increased, but cleaner, larger fruit
| results from this practice.
Whenever Lise ground freezes sev-|
Miller, cigar store philosopher. “A eral inches teep the mulch can be ap- |
poor fish In here recently says he's {pled to eat straw is the best us
vot trouble at home and don't know | te . ye straw n
why. He always done right, he says | best. Oat straw has a tendency to
yr rer when he went to Ninzavs pack tightly and smother the plants.
: SLAs leaves, and corn stalks,
| Potato vines,
falls he was thoughtful enough to |while too coarse for best results,
{are better than no protection at all.
postal card of the whirlpool rapids, | Whatever the material used it should
saying affectionately, ‘1 wish you were | be free from weed seed, timothy or
nere. "— Thrift Magazine, | grain. Otherwise, the strawberry
plantings will become weedy:
Why He Was in Bad
“A man never knows when he's
with sow this t WINTER COURSES FOR
thought they ht | FARM FOLKS AT STATE.
.
-
tn 4 that Joffe gfe
the sweet clover put in Sola soil wh ay be secured at the County
t yleids. ws office.
—-A good ration for brood sows is expe
on is often at fault when
of low vitality. 8
The tankage mentioned in the Ja J
supple: 2 !
ground into whale-meat meal for cat- | for hogs are well balanced and give | 3%
are ground Into fertilizer, 8 -—
—A lack of exercise is a frequent | 3
pig litters. Also | se
| Weak litters are more common in |g
the spring, as a result of keeping 2
during the |}
winter; allowing them to become too
| fat would have much the same éf- 8
Feed should produce strong
Shriveled and | [USL
shrunken wheat is usually richer in! SH
¢ Fg ve ul » :
ed to points in eee
the mulching can be done with a Once a the newsboys of Lon-
minimum. of . walking. . If the ma- |don are ven an outing some place
terial is hauled several weeks be-|on the Thames river, where they
fore it is to be placed on the straw- | C70 swim to their heart's content.
berry rows, the fall rains and dews As one litle boy was ge into
will ‘dampen it sufficiently so thatit | the water his little friend :
will remain in place when put there. “Johnnie, you're pretty dirty!”
Dry straw will blow away Yes,” replied Johnnie, “I missed
tons of straw an acre.
MODERN WOMEN
ED NOT SUFFER monthly pais and due
|
19.113 UNCONTROLLED DOGS |
KILLED IN STATE LAST YEAR
A total of 19,113 uncontrolled
dogs were killed and 1,652 claims
for damages amounting to $45,856 |
received, the Agriculture Depart- it
ments Juregh of animal industry .
report y in a survey of the 4
first ten months of the year. Dur- Good Printing
ing the same period 4,314 dog own- /
ers, 568 of whom were located in A SPECIALTY
Cambria county, were prosecuted for at the
disregarding the license law.
Nise Fike totals showed 490,- WATCHMAN OFFICE
336 dogs an kennels licensed.
The bureau said Allegheny county ina eh Hum
led in the number of licenses issued est
and number of uncontrolled dogs
killed while Crawford and Washing-
ton counties reported the largest
totals of claims and damages.
The total of licenses and prosecu-
tions by counties during the ten-
month period were: !
Bradford, 5713; Lycoming, 6969;
Potter, 1869; Tioga, 3469.
BOOK WORK
that we can mot do in the most
satisfactory and at Prices
consistent with the class of work.
Call on or commuaicate with this
office
.
Emplo ers,
This Interests You
Workfan's «
Law. went into effect Jan, 1
1916.
pulsory We specialize in plac-
ing such insurance, We
Plants and recommend
Prevention Safe Guards which
Reduce [nsurance rates,
It wiil be to your to
consult us before : Jor
The Pennsyivinia State College if
offering an .eight weeks course in
various phases of Agriculture, start-
ing January 4 and continuing to
February 26. The various subjects
afe outlined in a pamphlet
Agen
Anyone who has an average gram-
mar school education is eligible for
admission. The expense and col-
lege fee for the eight weeks need
not exceed $120, and may be slight- Insurance, _._.
ly less. The largest single item of JOHN F. GRAY & SON
expense is room and board which State College Delletonte
ges from $9 to $10.50 per week. .
3
i
{
A
A y Bt
Checks for Christmas Savings have been
mailed to those who were wise enough to
put aside each week a little money toward
Christmas expenses.
—————
The 1932 Series is now open. You will
be glad, when Christmas comes next
woods dur- @'
x year, if you join.
Wheat can be converted into 3g.
! into any 3
| other meat, although it can be used 3
in almost any live stock ration, says .
'H. B. Osland, associate in animal
investigations at the Colorado Agri- |S
in feeding 8
pound, many ex- | ¥
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Baney’s Shoe Store
WILBUR H. BANEY, Proprietor
80 years in the Business
BUSH ARCADE BLOCK
BELLEFONTE, PA.
LC
»
,
1 Er
For 60 cents you can voivphoge to friends, rela-
tives or customers a hundred miles away—for
friendly chats, family reunions, business trans-
actions. And after 8:30 P. M. you can call them
for only 35 cents?
Just give the number to the op-
erator (ask Information if you
don’t know it) and “hold the
line.” These low rates apply on
Calls for a Number — when you
do not ask the operator for a
specific person —and are for a
$-minute connection.
TELEPHONE
Gen. 9