Broad
THE NATIVE CHESTNUT
1S COMING BACK.
Native chestnuts
“are again being |
collected in the woods or Pennsyl-
vania from young sprouts that have
come up since tue chestnut blight
swept through the torests of the
State, accoraing to information re-
ceived from vanous foresters in the
Department of Forests and Waters. |
This fall John Aughanbaugh, re-|
search forester attached to the
Pennsylvania Forest Research Insti- |
tute at Mont Alto, collected more
than a quart of nuts from Snowy
Mountain
esters consider this unusual because
of the difficulty of finding
in Franklin county. For-
sprouts |
large enough to bear nuts. Former- |
ly, the young sprouts that came up |
were usually
killed by the blight
before attaining a size sufficient to |
Pear nuts.
Other chestnut stands are being |
combed for sprouts or seedlings that |
show indications of blight resisting |
qualities inasmuch as pathologists |
admit that there is some chance or
resistance being developed naturally.
Nuts gathered by Aughanbaugh are
being carefully planted in various
State Forests.
The chestnut blight is a bark dis-
ease of Asiatic origin brought into
this country on nursery stock im-
ported from Europe. The disense |
1909 and so rapid was its spread
and so complete was the destruction |
jt wrought that within the next ten
years not a single tree in the entire
‘chestnut stand escaped.
The United States Department of
Agriculture and the Pennsylvania
Forest Research Institute are co-0p-
erating in experiments to determine
the possibility of again growing
chestnut for timber. Seedlings of
Chinese chestnuts have been planted
4n various State Forests to study
‘their blight resistance and their
hardiness under
amatic conditions.
Dr. E. A. Zeigler, director of the
‘Pennsylvania Forest Research Insti-
tute warns timbermen, woodland
owners, and nature lovers generally
against too early enthusiasm for the
return of the chestnut. Even should |
a few individual trees develop blight |
resistance, their propagation and in-
‘troduction into forest stands closed |
by other species would require many |
ars. Similarly, the widespread |
planting of an Asiatic chestnut |
could only be accomplished over an
extensive period of time. Growing |
and rotating timber crops is a long |
‘term proposition owing to the many
years required for trees to mature,
thence even should the experiments |
pow heing conducted show that
blight resistant species can be devel-
oped. at least a generation would be
required to restock
artificial methods
stand of the State.
in the timber
a N
TO RETIRE OLD AND |
INEFFICIENT TEACHERS
Move to retire inefficient old teach-
ers and emplov training school grad-
wates was made at the final meeting
of the Buwiget Committee of the
‘Board of Education of Pittsburgh. i
“It was sugmested that all teachers
who have reached 62 mav be reap-
pointed annually provided:
1. That the teacher has received
“$or the current vear a rating from |
the Personnel Department of “good”
or better.
2. That the teacher successfully
has passed a physical examination
bv a board of three phvsicians ap-
pointed by the Board of Education. |
The committee passed a motion
to ecommend the change in retire-
ment policy to the board at its No-
vember meetine. |
The retirement policy of the hoard
wives the teacher ahove 62 a pension
amounting to one-sightieth of her!
averages anlary for the last 10 vears
mmultinlied bv her number of years |
service. i
This means that a teacher earn-
ne £2.200 a vear. who has taught
for 40 years. mav retire between 62 |
and 70 on £1,100 a year pension. |
At 70 all muet rotira, |
“Tnnficient tencherg or those in
had health imnair service to children
ea well ag keen wvoune teachers wait-
Fne far a rositian, Manv teachers |
earning over £2200 a vear are not!
wivine ac gonad service ae A new one
at £1.200 mioht sive” said Marcus
Aaron, president of the beard.
CAMF LIMIT FOR
DEER NOT CHANGED
Althouzh the camp limit for deer
:and the regulations concerning it
ware the same during the coming sea-
:#on as heretofore, a great many
“hunters judging from the numerous |
Jetters received at the Game Com- |
mission, are not quite clear on this
point. That all hunters may know
the proper requirements concerning |
‘the camp limit, the Game Commis- |
sion today outlined the following
regulations:
It is unlawful for any body of |
wen, either camping together or
‘hunting in unison, or in any man-
ner co-operating with each other, to
'kill or possess in one season, more
‘than six legal deer.
Tt is not legal for hunters to hire
‘a hunting camp or other headquar-
ters for the purpose of hunting deer
with the assumption that such head- |
anavters world be regarded as a
phic hoarding house or hotel, and
thet each individual hunter residing
at euch headnuarters would be per-
mitted to kill one deer.
A party of men boarding at a
private camn, cabin, or other head-
qa~ters established for the purpose
‘of Wmtineg and not recoenized as a
pric hoarding house or hotel where
‘tra-alers are accommoriated the year
peared in Pennsylvania in|
Pennsylvania cli- |
the chestnut by |
| sending the ball back.
a=~ nd, mav not lawrullv kill more
‘then afy deer in one season regard-
‘Joe~ of how viany hunters are board- |
eA ~t the camp.
|
i
WHY ————
Title of “Dan” Was Given to
Cupid
“Dan” is an old title of honor equiv- |
alent to lord, master or sir. It is re-
lated to the Spanish “don” and tiie |
that title is probably derived from |
Latin “dominus,” lord. “Dan” is now |
obsolete except in a few special con- |
nections, but formerly it was common-
ly applied to distinguished men, nobles, |
scholars, poets and even deities, Ed-
mund Spenser applied the title to |
Geoffrey Chaucer and since then it |
has been applied to many poets, In
Book IV of the “Faerie Queen” Spen
ser wrote:
Dan Chaucer, well of English unde
fyled,
On Fame's eternal headroll worthle te
be filed. |
In Roman mythology Cupid, the son
of Mercury and Venus, is the god of |
love and is identified with the Greek |
Eros. The name is derived from Latin
“cupido,” meaning desire, passion or |
love, and Cupid was the personitica- |
tion of the amatory passions. He is |
generally represented as a beautiful
naked boy with wings, carrying a how
and arrow and sometimes blindfolded.
Among the early English writers, as
well as the writers of other countries, |
Cupid was given various humorous
titles. We find him playfully referred
to as “dan Cupido” about 1384. In|
Shakespeare's time “Dan Cupid” was |
already part of everyday speech. In
“Love's Labor's Lost,” Act I11, the poet
puts the following words in the mouth |
of Biron, one of the lords attending |
King Ferdinand of Navarre:
This whimpled, whining, purblind, !
wayward boy;
This senlor-junior,
Cupid,
glant-dwarf, Dar
—DPathfinder Magazine,
nw n—
Why Falling Cat Can
Always Land in Safety |
That the cat always falls up-
on its feet is generally known, but th»
how and why of it was recently made
the subject of a lecture by an English
scientist. Pussy scores, as demonstrat
ed at a lecture on the physics of sport,
by knowing a trick we cannot imitate |
—that of turning in the air. The star |
performer at the demonstration was |
the professor's kitten, which was held |
upside down and dropped a few inches |
on to a cushion, Always the kitten ar-
rived comfortably on its feet. How is
it done? The slow-motion cinemato-
graph has given away the secret. With |
a lightning movement the cat draws |
in its front paws and stretches out
the hind ones. In this position it is |
easy for the front part of the hody to!
be rotated, and the other huif follows |
suit an Instant later. |
Why Coxey’s “March”
Mr. Coxey's good roads bill was In
| troduced in congress in 1802. Under |
this bill the treasury was to issue le-
gal tender notes for use in construet-
ing good roads. This in turn would
make employment for men who were
out of work. Two years Inter a sec- |
ond and more complicated measure |
was introduced providing for non-in- |
terest bearing bonds. The army of |
the unemployed marched to Washing- |
ton “as a living petition in favor of |
Coxey's scheme to provide fint in]
good roads and work for the workers,”
Why Human Hair Differs
The contour of the hair is circular, |
sval or flattened. Whether a hair is
to be curly or straight is largely de- |
pendent upon its contour; the more |
oval or flattened it is the more it will |
be curled. The degree of curliness is |
influenced also by the conditions of |
the atmosphere; naturally curled hair
becomes more curled when the hair
is surcharged with moisture, and less
#0 in dry weather.
Why Honey Is Good Food
Honey is one of the best of the high
energy-producing foods, says the |
United States Department of Agricul- |
ture. Because it is composed almost |
entirely of simple sugars it can be |
assimilated with ease, Most sugars
require action by the gastric and in-
testinal secretions to break them down |
into simple sugars similar to those
occurring naturally in honey, |
Why Keep Heat From Rubber
Hard rubber will last in the weather |
much longer than soft rubber, If hard |
rubber is not placed in the sun or
where the sun can reach it, it will last
indefinitely. If it is placed where the
direct rays of the sun will reach it,
it will last from five to ten years,
Why Goatskin for Bags
Water is carried, in the Indian
army, in leather bags made of goat-
skin to accommodate the Mohamme- |
dans, who could not drink from a bag |
made of pigskin, and the Hindus, who |
would be unable to drink from one of |
calfskin,
Why Ball Bounces
A bail bounces because the force
with which it strikes the ground fint-
tens it on one side. The alr suddenly
compressed within resists and the .
tened side pushes against the groumd,
Why Lath Shadows Show
The lines on a ceiling are caused by
dust-laden air passing up through the
plaster and leaving a deposit over the
spaces between the laths.
Why “Veterinarians”
The word “veterinarian” Is Latin
In derivation. Veterinarius means of
or pertaining to a beast of burden,
|
| phernalia
Writer Absolves Nero;
i
i
Emperor Fought Flames
that “Nero fiddled while Rome burned.” |
Poor Nero! He not only did not know
how to fiddle but was head of the fire
hrigade.
According to Mr. Weigall in his
and scholarly volume on Nero, this ,. "seq generously while
i
fine | birds
gentleman when the fire broke out was |
at his country estate. And that ex-
plodes the popular notion that he set
the place on fire for the fun of watch |
‘ng it burn.
He rushed back to town and spent | pos
| Trojan—or like a Roman, it being an-
other wrong notion that the Trojans
worked harder than anybody else—and
six days and nights working like a
organizing fire brigades all over Rome |
trying to put the fire out.
When, however, it got out near his
own magnificent home with its great
collection of art treasures and he saw
it was doomed, he stood on the river
bank in front of the house and sang
a funeral dirge, for Mr. Weigall states
that Nero was one of the greatest sing-
ers that ever lived—a tall, robust, red-
haired, freckled-faced opera singer,
more interested in his music than in
fires or in burning Christians.
Thus do our notions crumble one
oy one before the onslaught of truth!
—Albert E. Wiggam in International-
Cosmopolitan.
Body of Cortes Rests
in Mexico City Church
The Mexican government announced
not long ago that it is in possession
, of documents proving definitely that
the remains of Hernando Cortes,
| Spanish conqueror of Mexico, are In
| the central altar of the church of
| Jesus Nazareno in Mexico City, says
Pathfinder Magazine, For more than
a century there has been a mystery?
' as to the final disposition of the re
| mains of Cortes.
He died near Se
ville, Spain, on December 2. 1547, an!
his ashes were sent to Mexico ahout
15 years later and placed in the hos
pital founded by him in the Mex
can capital. When the agitation
against everything Spanish was at its
height in 1823 the ashes of the eon
| querer were removed to the church
near the hospital for fear that they
might be desecrated. The church,
which will he made a Cortes shrine,
|is needed for
| say State College
feeding may cause weak lambs.
pound of garbage
115-18 per cent; carbohydrates, 31-69
| per cent; fat, 13-33 per cent; ash,
| 16-36 per cent.
{s near the hospital which still bene |
fits by the will of Cortes, The con-
Spanish heroes of the time, was neg-
lected * after he returned to Spain.
There is a story to the effect that
throng around the carriage of Em-
peror Charles and mounted the step.
Charles demanded who he was. “1 am
a man.” Cortes replied. “who has given
| you more provinces than your ances
| tors left you cities.”
—————
Sausages as Tithes
In the town of Demen, Germany, it
4eems, the church is entitled to re
| queror of Mexico, llke many othe |
| hogs
‘had the disease.
| he once forced his way through a
| hog
| should be made so that objection- |
‘able substances will not be put in |
| the garbage.
|it is not cooked.
ceive 130 pounds of a certain kind of |
sausage, known as Mettwurst every
year from the local tithe-payers. Re-
cently the latter refused to supply the
ration of sausage. The church in-
voked the aid of the law, and the tithe
payers had to deliver the customary
Mettwurst. But the church was still
unsatisfied—the sausage, it was al-
leged, was not up to standard—it con-
tained too much beef. Mettwurst has
always been a source
Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
ishes the local clergyman was entitled |
to so many ells of the sausage from his 1
parishoners. He always got the right
length, but if he were unpopular, the
Mettwurst was of the smallest possi- |
ble thickness, there being nothing In |g. only a
the bond regarding its diameter.
Castle of Sleeping Beauty
The ancestral castle of the counts
of Eltz is one of the finest In Germany, |
resting high on a precipitous rock,
with cloud-piercing tower and rimmed
with dark green woods. This is the |
castle made famous by Sleeping Beauty,
if legend is to be believed. It dates
back to the Twelfth century and its
gray walls have seen many a battle
waged. It might almost be said to be
three castles in one, grouped about an
inner court, and each of the three has
its own entry. It 1s full of the para-
sf dream-haunted rooms.
heavy iron-bound chests, carved doors,
old pewter, massive refectory tables
which surely have often trembled he
neath their loads of venison, wine and
the thunderous merriment of feasters
Holyrood Now Obscured
The somber walls of Holyrood pal-
ice, Edinburgh, have lost remembrance
of the grandeur of its former days,
yet it holds some of the most glam-
orous and the saddest memories of
Mary Queen of Scots. Here on the
Oth of March, 1566, Lord Darnley mur-
dered David Rizzio, an Italian, whom
he accused of improper relations with
Mary, his wife. Exactly 12 months
afterward he himself was murdered
by the earl of Bethwell, who married
Mary after leas than three months,
“Uttering and Publishing”
This legal phase is most generally
ased In connection with the circulation
of counterfeit money, forged notes,
ete. Bouvier's Law Dictionary states
that “to utter” in criminal law is to
offer or to publish; also that “to pub
lish” meuns primarily to make known.
Webster's dictionary quotes F. Whar
| ton that “to utter snd publish a doc |
ament is to offer directly or indirectly,
hy words or actions, such document as
good n
| bring from
| dozen more
trade demands clean eggs,
lis one of the reasons why Mr. Wil-
lin the forenoon,” said
| “We get from
of trouble In | our eggs in the
in many par- | Whether it is fair
| sometimes considered of minor im-
FARM NOTES
| —A classified advertisement in {1
Arthur Weigall, the historian, has your
knocked Into a cocked hat the notion from your
local newspaper is a short cut
—Jt is unsafe
by limiting feed when
starts. It seems wiser to feed such |
ih he bay A
e laying. 0 !
n mash is
kept before the pullets.
—Much of the dead chestnut
for years in the woods is
becoming more and more useless for
ts or other timber. Unless it is
cut and used soon it may as well be
left in the woods. The value of
such chestnut for poles and mine
timber also has decreased.
— Comparatively little equipment
handling beef cattle,
livestock special- |
ists. This is especially true of cat-
tle being fattened for the open
market. A satisfactory shelter for
beef cattle is one that furnishes
adequate protection from wind, rain,
and snow.
_Silage is a splendid roughage |
for sheep, but it should not be fed
when frozen or moldy. Breeding
ewes should receive not more than
two and one-half pounds daily until
after lambing time. Too liberal
—A good farm record book ac-|
curately kept will enable a farmer
really to know his business
__ Boxes of leaf mold, rich garden
soil, and sand can be placed in the
basement now for use next spring
when planting seeds in crates and
boxes.
— Each Monday, Wednesday and
Friday from 11:45 to 12:15 special
farm and garden programs are
broadcast from WPSC, the radio
station owned and operated at 1230
kilocycles by the Pennsylvania State
College. i
Where gurbage is available in:
considerable amounts, it can be used
as a feed for hogs with some suc-
cess. Tests have shown that 20
will produce a!
pound of gain in hogs. Analyses
of garbage on a dry weight basis |
give the following results: Protein,
The danger in feeding garbage is
in having some injurious substance |
present such as glass, paper, soap, |
sawdust, etc., or in exposing the
to hog cholera through the |
presence of rinds from hogs that
Hogs fed on gar-
immunized against
cholera, and some arrangement
bage should be
The garbage is some-
times cooked, to prevent disease,
but this makes it difficult for hogs
to pick out and leave injurious sub- |
stances that they will not eat when
All of the eggs from the Dale
Willard farm, Vermilion county, ed
go to a select trade in Chicago, and |
10 cents to 15 cents a
than Mr. Willard could
obtain on the local market. This
and that |
lard keeps his flock in the laying |
house until noon.
“Hens that are kept up until noon
seem to develop the habit of laying
Mr. Willard.
75 to 90 per cent of |
first half of the day.
of rainy the eggs |
are clean. If hens have their free- |
dom throughout the day they track |
mud into the house and nests are
so soiled that we would have |
clean the eggs before shipping. |
“The hen that is permitted free-|
part of the day willl
out all the time.
getting better egg production since
we have kept our hens up. They
eat more mash and it is mash that
makes the eggs.”
— Common warts on cattle, though
| portance, reduce the value of affect-
ed hides from slightly to as much
|as 25 per cent—sometimes more.
| Moreover the prevalence of warts on
| cattle is increasing, according to in-
| formation gathered by the United
States Department of Agriculture.
Leaflet 75-L, just issued by the de-
partment, tells how to prevent and
| remove these growths. Warty hides
when tanned have roughened and
weak spots where the warts occur-
red on the skin, and the affected
are considered worthless, the
publication shows. Cattle buyers,
therefore, make discounts for warty
animals purchased in the markets.
Experiments conducted with wart
material show that the growths are
infectious and under ordinary condi-
tions are probably spread when the
| infective material comes in contact
with the injured skin of healthly
cattle. Preventive measures include
the removal of all warty cattle from
the herd and the cleaning and dis-
infecting of exposed pens, rubbing
posts, and other equipment. Small
warts may be removed by clipping |
them off with sterile scissors or ty- |
ing a sterile thread tightly around |
| the wart near the base. The stumps |
| remaining after the warts are re-|
moved should be touched with]
glacial acetic acid or tincture of |
iodine. The removal of large warts
requires the attention of a veteri- |
nary surgeon. |
| Leaflet 75-L, Warts on Cattle, may |
| pe obtained free by applying to the |
| Office of Information, United States |
| Department of Agriculture, Wash- |
| ington.
—Legume hays of good quality |
{are high in protein and calcium.
| They sre the best source of calcium
| and i home-grown are usually the
| cheapest source of protein. i
to hold back pultets Jif
production HH}
In our issue of Sept. 4th we
made appeal to 775 of our sub-
scribers who were in arrears at
that time.
Since then 135 have respond-
ed, and to them we make grate-
ful acknowledgment of their
promptness in coming to relief of
the financial strain we are under.
We are still hoping that the
remaining 640 are not going to
fail us.
By the way: If you have
any printing jobs. Anything,
large or small in the line of com-
mercial printing, we would like
to do it for you.
There is always one cer-
tainty about job printing done at
this office.
at prices no higher than are
It is well done, and
often paid for work that is not
so good.
The Democratic Watchman
Ee —————————