Beal fn |
Bellefonte, Pa., August 14, 19381.
m—
How the X-Ray
Lights the Wav
Thousands of lives are saved from
tuberculosis every year by means of
an instrument which was developed
through an accidental discovery in
the laboratory of a German professor
of physics in 1893. The X-ray—that
penetrating light which is the eye of
the physician—was discovered when
William Konrad Roentgen was called
away suddenly from his work and lef
his desk in disorder.
This is how it happened: Roentgen
bad been studying the green light
given out by a new type of electric
bulb. When he was interrupted, he
placed this lighted bulb on a book
which contained a large antique key,
used as a bookmark. By chance, there
reposed beneath the book and key 2
ohotographic plate holder.
When the professor later exposed
the plate and developed a picture, the
~hadow of the key appeared.
Today, the doctor uses the X-ray
in many ways to discover signs of
disease. It is one of his principal
vids in the discovery of tuberculosis.
As tuberculosis still kills more
young persons in the first decade of
maturity than any other disease, the
X-ray has come to be an instrument
responsible for the saving of thou-
sands of lives.
Tuberculosis associations are call
ing attention to the fact that tubercu-
losis is “The Foe of Youth.” These
organizations urge the use of the
tuberculin test—a harmiess skin
reaction—on young people, especially
those in whose homes there is a case
of tuberculosis. Those who show that
they are severely infected should have
an X-ray of their chests.
Laennec’s Discovery
The stethoscope was invented by
a young doctor of Brittany, Theophile
Laennec, about 125 years ago. One
day, while he had charge of a very
fat girl in a hospital in Paris, he was
much put out because he could make
no diagnosis. She was in great dis-
tress and panting for breath, but Dr.
Laennec could not get at the cause
of the trouble. The thick layer of fat
blanketed the sounds of the chest.
That afternoon, the young medic.
took his usual stroll through the Gar-
dens of the Louvre. Debris lay scat-
tered about, the result of one of the
several upheavals of the French revo-
lution.
On a pile of timbers, he notice.
¢wo or three boys bent over one end
of a long beam of wood with their
emrs pressed tightly to it. At the
other end, another boy was lightly
tapping the beam. Of course, these
slight sounds trave xd with little re-
sistance along the beam, much to the
amusement of the youngsters. To
them, this crude telephone was a
jolly toy; to Laennec, it was the solu-
tion of his problem. He turned on
his heel and hurried back to the hos-
pital.
Striding into the ward, he snatched
ap a paper-backed book, rolled it into
a tight tube, and to the amusement
of the nurses, piavwd one end of this
tube to the giri's chest and his ear
to the other. The sounds he wished
so much to hear came through even
more clearly and crisply than he had
expected.
Laennec did even more than this fo.
medical science. He taught that
tuberculosis is contagious, though the
germ was not discovered until 80
years later.
MOUNT WHITNEY TRAIL
FOR RIDERS OPENED
Mount Whitney, highest peak in
the United States, may now be vis-
ited by horseback es over a
trail recently completed by the Na-
tional Park Service, in cooperation,
with the U. S. Forest Service, it was
learned from Drector H. M. Albright,
of the Park Service.
The of Mount Whitney was
for some time inaccessible to all but
mountaineers, who made the long
climb on foot, but the new trail
which was virtually completed late
last fall will make the top of the
highest mountain in the United States
available to all who are willing to
ride all day on the back of a horse.
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.
Calvin Bottorf, et ux, to Millie E.
Zerby, tract in Potter township; $1.
Rosie A. Davis, et bar, to David
R. Gardner, tract in Boggs township;
$300.
McDowell Peters, et al, to Loren
Scantlin, tract in Liberty township;
$1.
Centre County Commissioners to
Carrie Krouse, tract in Taylor town-
ship; $1.
Thomas L. Thompson, et ux, to
George P. Bible, et ux, tract in Har-
ris township; $1.
Frank D. Leeder, et ux, to Anna
Leeder, et bar, tract in Snow Shoe
township; $1.
A. F. R. Fry, et ux, to LeRoy
Rogers, et ux, tract in Ferguson
township; $1000.
Centre County Farmers’ Coopera-
tive Association, to David Jackson,
tract in College township; $182.50.
Jeremiah B:
et ux, to An. |
rungart,
nie M. Miller, tract in Miles town- |
ship; $1.
P. E. Womelsdorf, et al, to John
Lipke, tract
$217.50.
in Rush township;
|
BUSINESS PITFALLS
IN FARM DISTRICTS
Bankers Point Out Hazards of
Unsound Pract’ces and Help
Farmers to Avoid Them.
AYS in which bankers may discour-
age unsound farm practices are de-
scribed by President F. D. Farrell of
the Kansas State Agricultural College
in the American Bankers Association
Tournal. He says:
“In Kansas in connection with the
Importation of dairy cattle, a large
shipment of very inferior animals came
into a county to be sold at auction to
local farmers. The county agricultur-
al agent informed the bankers that the
cattle would be a detriment to the
community, The bankers refused to
finance the purchase of the cattle aud
the sale was abandoned. The cattle
were shipped to another county. The
county agent and the bankers there
did as was done in the first instance
and the second county escaped.
“A year ago creamery promoters be-
gan trying to capitalize the Kansas
farmers’ desire to improve his markets
by inducing communities of farmers
to purchase creamery plants before
production and local conditions justi-
fied them. Informed of this by the
State Agricultural College, the bank-
ers association sent warnings to every
bank in the state, leading many to re
fuse to support the creamery promot:
ers until the college approved the plant
for the community concerned. This
saved many communities loss from the
vremature establishment of plants.
“A third way bankers can discourage
insound practices is to refuse to fin
ance farmers who wish to pyramid their
enterprises, a temptation difficult to re-
gist. This is illustrated among farm-
ers who buy cattle for feeding pur
poses. A farmer feeds two or three
cars of cattle one year and makes a
good profit. This induces him to buy
twice or three times as many the sec-
ond year, still more the third and so
on until he finally loses more by having
too many cattle on feed in a year of
bad prices than he made in several
previous years with smaller numbers
and better prices. When bankers dis-
courage bad practices their action is a
positive benefit to the farmers con-
cerned.”
KEY BANKER
DID FOR HIS COUNTY
The farmers of one county in Ten.
nessee are receiving $400,000 addi-
tional annual income from new farm
enterprises started since 1926 through
the efforts of a “key banker” and the
county agent, according to estimates
from the Tennessee College of Agri
culture. A “key banker” is a part of the
state bankers’ association voluntary
field force cooperating with the Ameri:
can Bankers Association in its nation-
wide plan for bringing about better
agricultural conditions through com-
bined banker-farmer effort. New pro-
jects started in this particular county
are tobacco, Irish potato and cabbage
production for cash crops, and dairy-
ing and poultry raising for livestock.
The key banker, looking for some
ching to do to better his community,
first attempted to procure a county
agent but was unable to get the county
to make the necessary appropriation,
s0 he and other leading citizens made
up the requisite funds through private
subscription among farmers and busi
ness men and an agent was employed.
Up until 1926 grain was the prin-
¢ipal farm production in the county.
The banker recognized the disadvant-
ages of this. It afforded a low cash
income, and the land was top hilly and
rough for profitable grain raising. His
{dea was to introduce cash crops that
offered more return per acre and were
better fitted to the county. It was de-
cided that the county should stand-
ardize on the Green Mountain potato
and to market it in carload lots.
Through his bank he sponsored the
baying of a car of certified seed
potatoes. He likewise bought some
high quality tobacco seed and several
hundred settings of purebred eggs.
These supplies were distributed at cost
through the banks to the farmers.
After considerable effort a market
for dairy products was assured the
farmers when in 1928 a national cheese
company located a factory there. A
county appropriation was secured for
county agent work in 1928,
In 1929 the cash crop progsam re
sulted in farmers selling $45,000 worth
of milk, $150,000 worth of tobacco and
fifty-five carloads of potatoes and cab-
bage, mostly through cooperative sales.
“This was some step from the $25,000
worth of cash crops in 1926,” the
county agent says, “and Indications
are that this amount will be doubled.”
Banks Favor Diversification
Emphasis was placed on the strategic
position the banker holds through the
use of directed credit at a recent meet-
ing of the Alabama bankers’ agricultu-
ral committee, Alabama is confronted
with the problem of over-production of
cotton. The committee recommended
to banks that credit be extended on
the basis of a twenty-five per cent re-
duction in cotton acreage. The value
of growing other crops than cotton
was strongly stressed and county out
look meetings are being planned with
the thought of bringing about a more
balanced agricultural program in the
various communities.
| INTERESTING FACTS
ABOUT COLD DESSERTS
| —
Statistics say that the average
American eats 25 pints of ice cream
and 25 pickles a year. Maybe that
is what makes some of our neigh-
bors such cold, sour propositons. But,
apart from the pickle question, it
shows that we as a nation are the
world's largest per capita consumers
of the luscious dessert.
Ice cream as it is known today
was not the product of a single dis-
covery or invention. Therefore it
is impossible to assign a definite
date to its origin.
There is reason for supposing,
however, that ice cream po Low
in Italy perhaps before the discov-
ery of America. A variety of froz-
en compound was a common dish in
Florence d the 16th century,
and when Catherine de Medici be-
came queen of France in 1538, she
took her ice cream making equip-
ment to Paris with her. The pro-
prietors of Florin's Cafe in Naples
maintain that ice cream was manu-
factured and sold there nearly two
hundred years ago.
In 1769 Mrs. Elizabeth Raffald
published a book in London entitled
“The Experienced English House-
keeper” in which she gave the fol-
lowing recipe for making ice cream:
“Pare, stone and scald 12 ripe
apricots; beat them fine in a double
mortar; put to them 6 oz. of double
refined sugar, a pint of scalding
cream; a tin that has a closed cover;
set in a tub of ice broken small and
a large quantity of salt put amongst
it; when you see your cream grow
thick around the edges of your tin
stir it and set it in again until it
grows quite thick; etc.”
Ice cream made by a Mr. Hall of
75 Chatham street, now Park Row,
was advertised in New York June 8,
1786, and there is a record that a
Mrs. Johnson served ice cream at a
ball given in New York December
12, 1789. In 1801 Samuel Latham
Mitchell, a member of Congress from
New York, wrote a letter to his wife
in which he described a dinner giv
en by President Jefferson. 1]
dessert, said Mitchell, was of frozen
fruit juices, well sweetened and shap-
ed like a ball, inclosed in a steam-
ing hot pastry, placed in a fair.sized
plate, the whole covered with rich
sweet cream.
“Sundae” is of unknown origin. Sev-
eral unauthenticated stories alleged
to account for it have been widely
circulated. Most of them assumed
that the term was originally “Sun-
day” and became “sundae through
error. In American English, pub-
lished in 1921, Gilbert M. Tucker
says “sundae” orginated “about 1897,
at Red Cross Pharmacy, State street,
Ithaca, N. Y,. directly opposite the
barroom of the Ithaca hotel, which
was closed on Sunday, suggesting
to the pharmacy people to offer a
distinctively Sunday drink.” The
sundae is not a drink and the story
smacks of that type of etymology
which draws freely on the imagina-
tion.
There are three or four similar
stories, differing chiefly in the time
and place of the alleged event. Ac-
cording to ome, a druggist at Shreve-
port, Louisiana, about 1908 served
fruit juices with ice cream to avoid
violating a law forbidding the sale
of carbonated soda waters on Sun-
day. His clerk was a poor speller
and wrote “Sundae Special” instead
of “Sunday Special” on the window.
Another has it that a customer ina
Connecticut confectioner’s shop on
Sunday ordered the usual ice cream
soda. The clerk, being out of soda
water, filled a glass with ice cream
and poured the syrup over it. This
dish so appealed to the customer
that he advertised it through the
town and the shop was flooded with
requests for what ‘“so-and.so had
Sunday.” One writer goes so far
as to say this dish was first called
Friday, then Suuday, and finally
sundae. It seems more probable
that from its inception the word
was popularized by the odd s ,
It may have been invented iber-
ately for advertising purposes. There
is a story, also unconfirmed, that
the dish was invented by and named
after a New Orleans druggist named
Sundae.
Millions and millions of ice cream
cones are being consumed this sum-
mer without anyone stopping to
think just how the ice cream cone
came to be. Well, like many other
inventions, it was discovered more or
less accidentally. You may not be-
lieve it but this little bit of “straw”
wrapped around the bottom of a
five cent scoop of frozen milk did
not make its appearance until 1904.
The first ice cream cone was made
at the St. Louis Exposition that
year. It happened this way. A
young ice cream salesman in the
habit of taking his “sweetie” flow-
ers found it also convenient to take
her ice cream sandwiches between
two waffles at the same time. One
day this “sweetie” found herself
‘without a vase for her flowers. So
she took one of the waffle sides of
the ice cream sandwich, rolled it into
a cone shaped vase, then put her
flowers therein. Not only did it
serve as a temporary vase but it
furnished the idea for the ice cream
cone, so popular and convenient to-
day. One single company now pro-
duces more than 100,000,000 cones
| annually.
CHECK FINGERPRINTS
The S.ate bureau of criminal
| identification, conducted by the Penn-
sylvania State Police, received 2405
sets of fingerprints from various law
enforcement officials during the past
| month. Of this number, 530, or 22.03
per cent, were identified from their
| Hugerphints as having previous re-
| cords.
ANOTHER CAVE
The summer tourist season open-
ed this year in Pennsylvania with
twelve caves catering to public pa-
tronage. The latest is Hi-way-may-
| Cavern on the William Penn High-
‘way four miles west of Huntingdon.
—Subscribe for the Watchman.
FARM NOTES.
—Destroy all breeding places for
flies around the barn and other farm
buildings during the summer to les-
sen the fly nuisance. Manure should |
be hauled out daily and no accumu-
lation of filth should be permitted.
—Increasing numbers of farmers
living near good markets for Christ.
mas trees are planting evergreens on
their waste farm acres Doubtless,
Pennsylvania farms will eventually
grow all the Christmas trees used
The crop is a profit-
Your county agent can
help you to get started.
—Tape worm infestation is heav-
jest during fly time and on farms
where no ar attention is
i
pid to keeping chickens away from
reeding places of flies.
—Oriental poppies should be mov-
ed now. The roots are dormant at
this time of year, but when the fall
rains begin they will start to grow.
The plants cannot be safely moved
at any other time of year.
—A good purebred sire is an ef-
fective means of improving a dairy
herd in both type and production,
say Penn State dairy specialists.
—Every farm woman should keep
household accounts. Merely from
the standpoint of keeping track of
household expenses as related to the
farm business,
are desirable and should serve to
supplement and round out farm ac-
counts.
—The month of August is a good
time to clean up the pasture fields
and get rid of weeds and briars.
Mowing the pasture also will cut off
the old dead and make these
spots more inviting to the livestock.
—Although the Angoumois grain
last year, |
moth was not abundant ,
the unusually large number of all
kinds of insects this year indicates
that it will pay farmers to thresh
early, clean out all bins before stor-
ing wheat, and fumigate in bins any
wheat that is to be kept.
Thresh in the field if possible and
in any case thresh not later than
September 1. The moths go to the
growing wheat in the field about the
time the grain is in the milk. One
generation develops in the field and
is about mature when harvest be-
gins. It is the generation which
follows that is ble for exten-
sive reduction in marketable wheat,
especially if it is held in the shock
until fall before being threshed.
—Early quickly maturing crops,
such as radishes, lettuce, spinach,
and green onions are nearly all har-
vested.
Plan to use this space as soon as
available with later plantings of
other crops. Fall lettuce and spin.
ach in early August, and fall tur-
nips August first.
These suggestions are for
that are less than 1000 feet above
sea level. For areas over 1000 feet
above sea level the fall crops should
be ted one week earlier for each
additional 500 feet or elevation.
—Shear sheep only when the wool
is dry. Damp wool will spoil.
-—Sodium chlorate applications for
killing weeds have proven most ef-
fective in August.
—Qats ground and sifted makes
an excellent feed for young calves
and pigs. Soaking is not advisable.
—Summer fallow land will need
just enough cultivation during the
summer to keep down weed growth.
—Once it required three hours of
work to produce a bushel of wheat;
now it takes only ten minutes.
Tomato growers should be on
the lookout for leaf spot, especially
if their plants were not grown from
ff AT ONE PRICE
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treated seed.
thrives on sandy loam |
—Asparagus
soils, but contrary to popular belief
also does well on heavy soils if they
are well fertilized.
—OQats will not flow out through
cracks and knotholes where wheat
would trickle out and waste. Almost
any sort of farm storage will do.
—No grain crop is easier to store
and keep than oats. Seldom does
oats heat. It will even absorb con-
siderable moisture from leaky roofs
and still dry out without getting
moldy.
—The hen without an appetite
a shirk in the poultry flock. It
that last 10 or 20 per cent of feed
that the hen consumes which fills
the egg basket, while all the rest
is used to maintain the bird, de-
‘clares R. E. Cray, extension -
ist in poultry for the Ohio State Un-
versity.
The trick in forcing birds to lay
'more eggs is in the inducing them
‘to eat more feed. Cray has five
su ons for boos feed con-
ggesti
sumption by fowls in their
quarters.
—Spring grain ‘sown after a heav-
ily-fertilized crop such as potatoes
may not pay for any additional fer-
tilizer.
—One of the simplest and ieast
| expensive ways of testing seed corn
|for germination is by the rag doll
| method.
| Select a variety of silage corn
that at least reaches the glazing
| stage in a normal season. If early
planting is necessary, plant early.
-~Many feeders have found the silo
more profitable for summer use than
| winter and, without doubt, we will
{see the silo used more in summer
‘as its merits become known.
| —Big sales always follow adver-
| tisements in the Watchman.
household accounts
is
is |}
winter
NOT CONSIDERATE
OF THE WORKING CLASS
The government, while ever ready
to upon the erring, uses
very little ingenuity in devising
pleasures for working men and wo-
men. We love to set up our *
Off the Grass” signs and are always
calling attention to the fact that
the wild flowers must be saved. But
what about saving the sanity and
the soul of mortals who are sick
for a bit of pleasure and fun; who
pine for a flight into carefree hours?
‘vent new holiday occupations for
the people whose everyday life is
‘one long struggle with monotony
and drabness?
A large part of our crime has its
inception in the restlessness of in-
dividuals who are bored, unutterably
‘Keep | pored with living and who make
these rash and ineffectual attempts
to procure excitement. Few busy
and interested people commit crimes.
Scotch household hint; a cake of
soap lasts longer if given a coat of
Might it not be wise for us to in- | sh
much trouble.
care.
Custody of Wills
While we strongly advise the naming of
this Bank or some other reliable institution
| as your Executor, we shall be glad to care for
| your Will, even if we are not named.
The search for a Will often causes heirs
We constantly have inquiries
as to whether Wills have been placed in our
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
BELLEFONTE, PA.
y 80 years Im
2 Baney’s Shoe Store g
P WILBUR H. BANEY,
Proprietor To!
the Business [
if BUSH ARCADE BLOCK A
v BELLEFONTE, PA. He
areas |
fi SERVICE OUR SPECIALTY SPECIAL ORDERS SOLICITED 53
| Our Entire Stock of
| Boys’ Wash Suits
| ON SALE
Take Your Choice at
Fauble’s