Bellefonte, Phy June 5, 1981.
ONLY 40,900 cviL WAR
VETERANS ARE LEFT.
The radio brought together a fast
dwindling line of the old Blue and
—-
Gray in the comradeship of Civil Bg
War days last Saturday night.
Captain Charles W. Lockwood, 88-
r-old survivor of Minnesota's
last-man club, spoke over a coast-
to-coast network as a part of Mem-
orial day observances to the mem-
ories of gallant Americans who have
Jorne arms.
Probably numbered among his
listeners, after a day of participa-
‘tion in services throughout the
country, was a good percentage of
that little straggling band that once
numbered probably 3,000,000 or
more men, now reduced after seven-
ty years to approximately 40,000
“Civil War veterans.
In the last three great wars in
which the United States has had a
part, the Civil War, the Spanish-
American and World Wars, prob-
ably 10,000,000 men have fought
for the country. Figures are hazy
with respect to the number of Con-
federate soldiers who fought the
battles for the South in the Civil
War, and while their number is
variously estimated at ranging from |
- 500,000 to 1,400,000 men, the Union
Army had a force of 2,778,304. And
all that is left is a bit over 40,000
of them,
In '88 when Spain became frac-
there were about 280,500
Americans engaged against her and
today on the Government's pension |
tious,
rolls there are approximately 192.-
200. There were 192,961 Spanish-
American War veterans on April
~380 on the rolls.
The more recent World War saw
«glose to 5,000,000 men under arms.
-Xt is estimated that there are about
~4,300,000 of them alive today.
About the only check the Govern- |
ment has on its veterans isthe pen-
~ sion roll. Yet that is not accurate
-as denoting the number of veterans
+ of the late wars alive today.
Only a month ago, for some un-
~explained reason, twenty-five men
who fought in the Civil War applied
for the first time in the sixty-six’
years that have passed since '65,
for a pension.
That broke all records of the Pen-
“sion Bureau. They were men who
“obviously “passed up” a pension un-
“til these recent days.
April 30 last there were 192,961
“Spanish-American War veterans on
“the pension rolls. But that number
“did not represent the number alive
“foday after San Juan and the other
“battles of that conflict, The Pen-
‘sion Bureau, following a change in
“the law effected by Congress in|
-June 1930, had an increase of more
“than 1000 men who fought in the
“Snanish-American War, and to
| DEER ARE MENACE |
IN SOME FORESTS
“ihe deer proolem in the forests
of reunsyivamia’ 1s the suoject ofa
|new puolication being distributed |
tree by the State uvepartment of |
rorests and Waters.
‘The bulletin is the result of ex- |
tensive field studies by research for- |
ester H. E. Clepper, carried oninall |
parts of the State where the grow-
deer population is menacing
both the forest growth and the wel-
fare of the deer herd.
The deer carrying gaphaily of for-
ested areas forms a part of the dis-
cussion and the lack of accurate
information on this important fea-
ture is pointed out. Examples of
European experience and the opin-|
jons of American foresters and stu-
dents of game management indicate
that on 1,000 acres of Pennsylvania
forests from 20 tp 40 deer are suf-
ficient. The tendency of deer to
congregate in certain sections must
also be considered.
Describing the original forests of
Pennsylvania as abounding in game
animals such as deer, elk, bear, bi-
son and moose, the author points
out that although animal food was
then plentiful the over production
of game was prevented by predatory
enemies such as the wolf, wildcat,
panther and Canada lynx.
ixtensive clearing and settlement
drove game into the remaining
wilderness and reduced the number
‘of deer until big game was headed
toward extinction by 1850. Elk and |
bison had disappeared, and rapid re-
duction of the deer herd occurred
during the brief quarter century
following the Civil war. Only 40
years ago deer had become so
scarce in Pennsylvania that it was
rare to see one in its native haunts, |
Lack of hunting restrictions, ex-
| cessive forest exploration, and de-
structive forest fires had much to do
with the reduction of deer. it is
said. With the big days of lum-
bering past, and the creation of
game and forestry officials, just be-
fore 1900, it was only a few years
until deer began to increase.
ine probe today is not lack of |
| deer but too many deer. Over Bop.
ulation of deer in many sec
| has led to a shortage ot forest food
| which results in under-nourishment
of deer and susceptibility to disease
or actual starvation. Excessive in-
| jury to tree Flantatives and crops
is common, and in re- |
forestation is out of the question
due to deer damage. |
Numerous instances are cited of |
| plantations in Clearfied, Franklin,
Centre, Pike, Clinton, and other |
| counties which were ruined by graz-
‘ing deer, Native hardwood growth
'also suffers, it is shown. A “deer
line” is present in many Loi sec-
tions where it is observed that deer
‘have eaten all vegetation for a)
| height of five feet above ground.
A chapter on feeding habits of
| deer lists 110 trees and shrubs
browsed by these animals and the |
|list is not considered a complete
one. Deer proof fences are also
{
3
“most of them the maximum of $60 disc
‘a month was paid.
World War veterans keep in touch
“swith the Government mostly
"throneh the Veterans Bureau. It
“handles adiusted commnensations. in-
‘surance and other matters pertain-
_inz to the vast armv of men who
bore arms in the “fight to save de-!
mocracy.” Yet, and strangely too,
“there are today only forty-one
WorlA War veterans on the rolls of
"the Pension Bureau.
The answer to this strange anom-
“aly is that while the United States
tered the conflict in April. 1917,
e War Risk Tnsurance Bureau
“was not created bv Congress until
“October of that vear and the fortv-
‘ame men listed with the Pension
won donhtlaga encountered disa-
“Bilitiae parle in the American nar-
“Ririnatinn the Pension Bureau was
“¥he onlv nlace set un for them to
“@anoly for vensions and that
“they found that the Pension Bureau
“could and would pav them as much
“or more than the Veterans Bureau.
Time is ravaging the ranks of
“¥he Civil War veterans. Each Mem-
©rial Dav finds their lines dwind-
“fine with alarming ravoiditv. The
averaze monthly death rate is about
"R00 now with increases certain as
“t'me ones on. The average age of
“the Civil war veteran todav is R5
‘wears. A number are in the nineties
;|ané a few have reached the rine old
» of 100 vears,
Brahahlv the vonneest of the sur-
“qivava of the war hetween
Biates ia Maine (Janeral John Clem.
“tha Avnmamar hav at Shiloh, a lov.
“@hI~ Mila Waghinetaon character He
rgrViatad whan he wae 11 He is
neve ahant 21 vaarg old,
Mavnwnmant ebtaticting chau that
Brnnieh Amawinan war watavane are
a Feder Tad whila tha World war
wotaname awa Avine ahant on an
mwavnes nf 22000 a uveny,
TRURAL BIRTH RATE
IS ABOVE CITIES
There's no race of suicide down
pn the farm, the statisticians prov-
ed as they sang again with Tin Pan
Alley:
“The rich get rich and the poor
: get children.”
For. with the difference that the
birth rate is higher for all classes
“in the country, the statisticians
found that the higher the economic
mand social status of the parents in
city and country, the fewer are
their children.
The figures were revealed by the
"Milbank Memorial Fund, 49 Wall
“St, N. Y.,, which maintains a divi-|C
sion for the study of public health
problems.
Farm laborers have the most and
farm owners the fewest children,
just as unskilled city laborers have
the most and the urban Drufesgion-
al classes the least offsp
-—-
then |
the
i
OLD-FASHIONED CURVES
LIKELY TO COME BACK.
The physician is as happy as the
woman who pines for more food to
| hear that fashion is dictating the re- |
turn of old-fashioned curves, be-
lieves Dr, E. 8S. Judd, of Rochester,
Minn., president-elect of the Ameri-'
can Medical asociation.
word from Paris and New York
that the boyish figure will be a
thing of the style past is the most
heartening news of women's fashions |
received for years, in his opinion.
“The end of starvation diets
which have helped increase tuber-
culosis, low blood pressure and ane- |
mia among the women of the United
States has come with this news, I
believe,” Dr. Judd said.
“We now will enter an era in
which a girl may hope to eat a
square meal without a twinge of
conscience.
“Eating now will be stylish. It
will be a boon to the medical pro-|
fession, for ‘we have tried to dis-'
courage the wholesale starvation
diets.”
There is no royal road to slim- |
‘ness, Dr. Judd believes. Avoiding
| the two extremes of exercises, too |
imuch or none at all, any women |
| who uses “common sense” in what |
‘and how much she eats will have
the best chance to live long ang |
! healthily,
| Her mood should be one of con-|
‘tent whether she gains more weight
than she would like or not, he says, |
for extra weight is much mote
healthy than an 18-day diet.
PENNSY PROTECTING FORESTS
Work is rapidly on
the burning of fire strips along the
Middle Division of the Pennsylvania
Railroad, in connection with the|
prevention of forest fires.
These fire strips, or lanes, are be- |
tween 100 and 150 feet wide, depend- |
ing on local conditions, and when
the work is completed there will be |
approximately 42 miles of such pro-
tection furnished along the Middle
Division. Co-operation is being!
given the State Foresters in the
various districts on the Division. |
The burning of these fire strips |
was started early in the year, as at |
such time there is little likelihood of |
fire getting beyond control and |
spreading to adjacent properties. |
way have been
with the Railroad Company in most |
cases. At the locations where the
fire hazard consisted of dead grass
and other light inflammable ma-
terial, the fire strips have been
plowed,
This practice has been carried out
on the Middle Division for the past
e [several years, and according to the
study showed. It only com, 's records and those of the
among native-born whites. State ters. no serious fires
The child-bearing rates of the have broken out along any of the
rural population was Sivan as 63 | locations where the fire strips have
per cent higher than In Ri
been made
| precipice edge; then, cram
a ,
Ed sul
od
-
|
|
i
i
View of Niagara Falls From the Air.
(Frepared by the National Geographic
Society, Washington, D. C,)
IAGARA FALLS, which lost
N part of its rim on the Ameri:
can side a few weeks ago in
a gigantic cave-in, has only
two rivals for magnitude and grand-
eur, according to Theodore W. Noyes,
who has visited the outstanding water-
falis of the world. The two selected
to rank with Niagara are Victoria
Falls in the Zambezi river, Africa;
and the Falls of the Iguazu In Brazil.
In describing Niagara, Mr. Noyes
says:
“In the interior of the North Amer:
ican continent, between Lakes Erie
and Ontario, over a precipice bisect-
ed by the United States-Canadian
boundary line, falls Niagara, the
world’s most famous cataract,
“A million springs pour half the
fresh water of the world into the bas-
| Ins of the four great lakes which are
Niagara's sources. As the vast inland
sea of Superior fills and overflows its
basin, the waters descend and mingle
with those of Huron and Michigan,
and the three lakes pour the com-
bined flood of their overflow Into Lake
Erie.
“The vast aggregate volumes of the
four great lakes, seeking from their
elevated plateau sea level and their
ultimate goal the ocean, break though
a notch in the east rim of Erie's hasin.
“In a comparatively narrow channel,
contracting from over two miles to one
mile in width above the falls, and to a
hundred feet below, these waters de-
scend leisurely and smoothly for half
of their 36 miles of journey to On-
tario; then rush for a mile or two In
white-capped, mountainous waves of
flerce rapids: then plunge in a ma-
jestic fall into a charm of a mile's
contour in irregular semicircle at the
within
narrow limits by precipitous banks,
they rage In whirlpool and whirlpool
rapids; and finally resume thelr dig-
nified, unhurried pace for the rest of
the way to Lake Ontario.
“Shortly before the precipitous cliff
over which the Niagara hurls itself is
reached, an island (yclept Goat) sep
arates the river Into two channels,
about 6 per cent of the water passing
to the right, over the so-called Amer
fcan Fall (167 feet high), in a sym-
metrical sheet about 1,000 feet wide,
and the remaining 94 per cent to the
left, over the Horseshoe, or so-called
Canadian, Fall (158 feet high), in
3,000 feet of Irregular and semicircu-
lar distorted outline. Goat island,
separating the two falls with 1,300 feet
of precipice edge, completes Niagara's
mile of contour.
How Best to See It.
“The best general view of both falls
of Niagara from the top—the finest,
fullest panoramic spectacle of descend-
img water In the world—is, so far as
my observation goes, enjoyed in a
walk from Prospect Point, at the
northern edge of the American fall,
along the brink of the cliff to the
bridge betwen New York and Canada,
across the bridge, and thence south-
ward along the brink of the Canadian
precipice until Horseshoe fall Is
reached.
“On the American side, at Prospect
Point and Hennepin Point and, best
of all, between these two points, direct-
ly above the elevator to the Maid of
the Mist landing, are side views of
| both falls of unsurpassed loveliness.
“In crossing the bridge to Canada,
one stops every few feet to note the
changes of loveliness of outline which
accompany successive changes in the
point of view.
“From the Canadian side the Amer-
icen fall at first glance seems to pre-
sent an almost continuous straight
front of precipice edge for its full
1,000 feet, but closer examination
shows that, outside of its fine north
section next to Prospect Point, the
face of the precipice recedes by steps
and curves, and then curves out again,
the same forces (differing In degree,
but not In kind) which are making the
deep, irregular indentation at the apex
of the Horseshoe operating here also,
though here the recession due to
| erosion is only about two inches a
year, while at the Horseshoe It Is
from four to six feet a year. The ef-
fectiveness of the American fall, in
| spite of its insignificant volume, is due
to skiliful exploitation of its avallable
water,
Beauty of Horseshoe Fall,
“Horseshoe fall is a thing of beauty
as well as power. The eye delights
in the fine, irregular inmer curve of
the horseshoe; in the clouds of light,
transparent spray which rise above
the fall to varying heights and in di-
verse shapes, according to climatic
conditions and the direction of the
wind; in its picturesque environment
with Goat island on one side and Ca-
nadian Victoria park on the other, and
in the varied shifting coloring of fall,
rapids, and spray cloud.
“White and cream and lavende:
show at the shallow edges on both
sides of the fall, and light green and
dark green, with white and cream
fringes and frosting, in the deep col-
umns of descending water in the in-
side of the horseshoe, The spray
cloud displays here a dense, opaque
white, and here a transparent, trans-
lucent, fleecy whiteness. The bottom
of the basin cauldron at the foot of
the fall shows a deep basic green, al-
most covered with thick white foam,
Its surface from fall to bridge is,
splotched with the irregular circles of |
miniature whirlpools.”
Niagara is uot only a thing oi |
beauty. For more than a generation the
it has been hard at work; and the
story of its workaday role is an epic |
In the history of industry. Forty years
ago certain manufacturers seeing the |
tremendous amount of power running |
to waste where the waters of’ Supe-
rior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie leap |
from lake level toward sea level, un-
dertook the Installation of a great hy- |
dro-electric plant at Niagara. Later, 8.
other power-developing interests en- |
tered the field, and then began a legls-
lative and diplomatic war between
those who would utilize some of the
power of Niagara and those who
would keep it untouched by the unsen-
timental hand of commercialism.
Division of Its Power. |
Finally the governments of the
United States and Canada made a
treaty regulating the amount of wa-
ter that could be diverted for power
purposes. Canada has used her share
to the last second-foot, but the United 1
States has never permitted the utiliza- | oa
tion of a considerable share of her | Fs
allowance.
But for the part used there has bees
made one of the most remarkable
showings in the history of commercial |
progress. The cheap power obtained
made Niagara a laboratory where
great ideas could be transformed into
great enterprises.
When Niagara power was first de lo
veloped, efforts to make artificial | ©
grinding materials were proving a fail-
ure because of a lack of electric cur
rent at a price the new venture could
afford to pay. Those who backed the |
process thereupon went to Niagara
Falls, set up a plant, and founded the
artificial abrasive industry. How much
its success means to America it would
be difficult to overestimate,
Take the grinding machinery out oi
the automobile factories, remove It
from the munitions plants, eliminate
it from the locomotive works, car foun-
dries, and machine shops of the coun-
try and you would paralyze the na-
tion's whole Industrial system. Just
that would have happened during the
World war, as a matter of fact, had
not Niagara's artificial abrasives
stepped In to save the day when hos-
tilitles shut out the natural supply of
emery and corundum from Asia Minor.
Making Carborundum.
While the processes of carborundun.
manufacture were being perfected an-
other lesson was learned. Quartz Is
the geologist’s thermometer, for It is
formed between narrow of tem-
perature. If the materials from which
nature makes it are subjected to more
than so much heat, they take on an
entirely different character from
quartz. The same Is true if they are
subjected to less than a certain
amount of heat.
So, also, it is with carborundun..
In its manufacture a large quantity of | 1931.
a mixture of coke and sand, with a
touch of sawdust and a dash of salt,
is put into an electric furnace. A
heavy current of electricity is passed
through ihls for 48 hours, heating it
to 1,350 degrees centigrade,
If it is properly heated, there forms
around the central core of coke a
great array of crystals, large and
small, almost as hard as diamonds, If
too much heat Is applied, instead of
forming Into crystals, the material
breaks up into fine particles of black
dust and you have graphite.
Therefore, largely by the same proc
ess, the electric furnace produces
from the same materials the near-dia.
mond of the artificial grindstone and | party
the microscopic dust that becomes lead
for a pencil, color for Ink, base for
lubricants, electrodes for furnaces and
death chairs, or a thousand other
things.
| GIVE PREFERENCE
BOARD CONTNUES
PLANTING OF FISH
Over 100,000 brook trout ranging
in size from seven to ten inches,
were distributed in the streams and
waters throughout the Common-'
wealth during the spring months by
the Board of Fish Commissioners,
’
| Sodniagjones O, M. Deibler report-
* tie: hoard also planted in the
streams over 1,700,000 minnows.
Minnows are one of the most im-
species distributed as they
| portant
supply food for trout, bass and
(other fish.
At this time the Pleasant Mount,
Torresdale, Union city, Tionesta and
Erie hatcheries are engaged in trans-
porting millions of yellow perch and
pike perch to suitable waters.
The survey, which the board's
representatives are making prior to
distribution, has covered sufficient
waters to take care of this distri-
bution. The best part of two years
‘will be required in which to com-
plete the survey of approved streams
in each county and naturally this
list will have to be added to from
Sine to time, Commissioner
sai
“If you haven't a doctor,” said
the tourist at the hamlet inn. “what
happens when any one is taken
seriously ill?”
“Oh, they just dies a natural
death.”
POLITICAL ANNOUNCEMENTS.
DEMOCRATIC
FOR SHERIFF !
We are authorized to announce that
Elmer Breon, of Bellefonte
will be a candidate for the
on the tic Sionet for the office of
Sherift of Centre county, subject to the
decision of the voters as
the primaries to be d
September 15th, 1931.
I hereby announce f a candidate
for the nomination for of Centre
ject to the decision of the
Democratic voters at the primary elec- |
tion on September 15, Tost |
authorized to announce that |
Johs M Bodh. of Millheim SDorgugh, is
'a candidate for Soutinatioh for Sh of |
Cen tic
voters of |
tre
subject to "the decision -
Pela “1 a
he J d ay, Se September 15, 1081.
COUNTY "TREASURER
1 Befeby 4hna SRnouRCe 8
| for the nominati
County, sub,
i
tre 1
OY at the” Primary |
Election, to be held September 15
ROBERT F. HUNTER |
PROTHONOTARY |
We authorized that
8. Claude Herr, of " Ballstonte, Penna,
a candidate
i Pros
a of Centre County, 0 ah
Democratic ticket, sub,
son of the Dem re ss ol fo” the’ dec
i (32 Primariag to to the role of the Dery
a ba 15,
hg RECORDER
Commis-
Centre County, subject to the
decision of Oe voters o
expressed a the Primaries to be held a3
Y, 15, 1981.
We are authorized to announce that
i olor, of township, is a
| or nomination for the Pithce of
| County mat sub to the de-
cision of the yoters | ot Democratic
the primaries to be
Rei” as
eld on 0 Comer 15, 1931.
REPUBLICAN
date for nomination
Atitor of Centre Coun
d "as exprossed dt the
Be Beta" lpia by ln pri
Orized to an announce
San
g i:
TO MARRIED ME
Preference to marricd men and
men with dependents is to be t
ule 1a on for road wo
y ennsylvania Department
Highways, says Secretary Sa
“Our contribution to the abat
ment of uremployment is limited
the funds at our dis » Sec
| tary Lewis said, “and it is my ©b
(lief that if wages are paid the he:
of a family or the breadwinner f
several dependents, benefits from t
{Department's expenditures w
reach many more people.”
o you see
both sides of your
face in your
bedroom mirror?
Yes, if you
have plenty of
shaded light on
either side . . .
or a good light
hung directly
over the mirror.
WEST
PENN
POWER CO
BETTER LIGHT MEANS
CLEARER SIGHT
Fire Insurance
Does yours represent the val-
ue of your property five years
ago or today? We shall be
glad to help you make sure that
your protectior is adequate to
If a check up on your property
values indicates that you are
only partially insured—let us
bring your protection up to date.
Hugh M. Quigley
Temple Gourt, Bellefonte, Pa.
ALL FORMS OF
Dependable Insurance
76-7-t1.
IRA D. GARMAN
Have Your Diamonds Reset in Plantium
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It makes insurance