Bellefonte, Phy June 5, 1981. ONLY 40,900 cviL WAR VETERANS ARE LEFT. The radio brought together a fast dwindling line of the old Blue and —- Gray in the comradeship of Civil Bg War days last Saturday night. Captain Charles W. Lockwood, 88- r-old survivor of Minnesota's last-man club, spoke over a coast- to-coast network as a part of Mem- orial day observances to the mem- ories of gallant Americans who have Jorne arms. Probably numbered among his listeners, after a day of participa- ‘tion in services throughout the country, was a good percentage of that little straggling band that once numbered probably 3,000,000 or more men, now reduced after seven- ty years to approximately 40,000 “Civil War veterans. In the last three great wars in which the United States has had a part, the Civil War, the Spanish- American and World Wars, prob- ably 10,000,000 men have fought for the country. Figures are hazy with respect to the number of Con- federate soldiers who fought the battles for the South in the Civil War, and while their number is variously estimated at ranging from | - 500,000 to 1,400,000 men, the Union Army had a force of 2,778,304. And all that is left is a bit over 40,000 of them, In '88 when Spain became frac- there were about 280,500 Americans engaged against her and today on the Government's pension | tious, rolls there are approximately 192.- 200. There were 192,961 Spanish- American War veterans on April ~380 on the rolls. The more recent World War saw «glose to 5,000,000 men under arms. -Xt is estimated that there are about ~4,300,000 of them alive today. About the only check the Govern- | ment has on its veterans isthe pen- ~ sion roll. Yet that is not accurate -as denoting the number of veterans + of the late wars alive today. Only a month ago, for some un- ~explained reason, twenty-five men who fought in the Civil War applied for the first time in the sixty-six’ years that have passed since '65, for a pension. That broke all records of the Pen- “sion Bureau. They were men who “obviously “passed up” a pension un- “til these recent days. April 30 last there were 192,961 “Spanish-American War veterans on “the pension rolls. But that number “did not represent the number alive “foday after San Juan and the other “battles of that conflict, The Pen- ‘sion Bureau, following a change in “the law effected by Congress in| -June 1930, had an increase of more “than 1000 men who fought in the “Snanish-American War, and to | DEER ARE MENACE | IN SOME FORESTS “ihe deer proolem in the forests of reunsyivamia’ 1s the suoject ofa |new puolication being distributed | tree by the State uvepartment of | rorests and Waters. ‘The bulletin is the result of ex- | tensive field studies by research for- | ester H. E. Clepper, carried oninall | parts of the State where the grow- deer population is menacing both the forest growth and the wel- fare of the deer herd. The deer carrying gaphaily of for- ested areas forms a part of the dis- cussion and the lack of accurate information on this important fea- ture is pointed out. Examples of European experience and the opin-| jons of American foresters and stu- dents of game management indicate that on 1,000 acres of Pennsylvania forests from 20 tp 40 deer are suf- ficient. The tendency of deer to congregate in certain sections must also be considered. Describing the original forests of Pennsylvania as abounding in game animals such as deer, elk, bear, bi- son and moose, the author points out that although animal food was then plentiful the over production of game was prevented by predatory enemies such as the wolf, wildcat, panther and Canada lynx. ixtensive clearing and settlement drove game into the remaining wilderness and reduced the number ‘of deer until big game was headed toward extinction by 1850. Elk and | bison had disappeared, and rapid re- duction of the deer herd occurred during the brief quarter century following the Civil war. Only 40 years ago deer had become so scarce in Pennsylvania that it was rare to see one in its native haunts, | Lack of hunting restrictions, ex- | cessive forest exploration, and de- structive forest fires had much to do with the reduction of deer. it is said. With the big days of lum- bering past, and the creation of game and forestry officials, just be- fore 1900, it was only a few years until deer began to increase. ine probe today is not lack of | | deer but too many deer. Over Bop. ulation of deer in many sec | has led to a shortage ot forest food | which results in under-nourishment of deer and susceptibility to disease or actual starvation. Excessive in- | jury to tree Flantatives and crops is common, and in re- | forestation is out of the question due to deer damage. | Numerous instances are cited of | | plantations in Clearfied, Franklin, Centre, Pike, Clinton, and other | | counties which were ruined by graz- ‘ing deer, Native hardwood growth 'also suffers, it is shown. A “deer line” is present in many Loi sec- tions where it is observed that deer ‘have eaten all vegetation for a) | height of five feet above ground. A chapter on feeding habits of | deer lists 110 trees and shrubs browsed by these animals and the | |list is not considered a complete one. Deer proof fences are also { 3 “most of them the maximum of $60 disc ‘a month was paid. World War veterans keep in touch “swith the Government mostly "throneh the Veterans Bureau. It “handles adiusted commnensations. in- ‘surance and other matters pertain- _inz to the vast armv of men who bore arms in the “fight to save de-! mocracy.” Yet, and strangely too, “there are today only forty-one WorlA War veterans on the rolls of "the Pension Bureau. The answer to this strange anom- “aly is that while the United States tered the conflict in April. 1917, e War Risk Tnsurance Bureau “was not created bv Congress until “October of that vear and the fortv- ‘ame men listed with the Pension won donhtlaga encountered disa- “Bilitiae parle in the American nar- “Ririnatinn the Pension Bureau was “¥he onlv nlace set un for them to “@anoly for vensions and that “they found that the Pension Bureau “could and would pav them as much “or more than the Veterans Bureau. Time is ravaging the ranks of “¥he Civil War veterans. Each Mem- ©rial Dav finds their lines dwind- “fine with alarming ravoiditv. The averaze monthly death rate is about "R00 now with increases certain as “t'me ones on. The average age of “the Civil war veteran todav is R5 ‘wears. A number are in the nineties ;|ané a few have reached the rine old » of 100 vears, Brahahlv the vonneest of the sur- “qivava of the war hetween Biates ia Maine (Janeral John Clem. “tha Avnmamar hav at Shiloh, a lov. “@hI~ Mila Waghinetaon character He rgrViatad whan he wae 11 He is neve ahant 21 vaarg old, Mavnwnmant ebtaticting chau that Brnnieh Amawinan war watavane are a Feder Tad whila tha World war wotaname awa Avine ahant on an mwavnes nf 22000 a uveny, TRURAL BIRTH RATE IS ABOVE CITIES There's no race of suicide down pn the farm, the statisticians prov- ed as they sang again with Tin Pan Alley: “The rich get rich and the poor : get children.” For. with the difference that the birth rate is higher for all classes “in the country, the statisticians found that the higher the economic mand social status of the parents in city and country, the fewer are their children. The figures were revealed by the "Milbank Memorial Fund, 49 Wall “St, N. Y.,, which maintains a divi-|C sion for the study of public health problems. Farm laborers have the most and farm owners the fewest children, just as unskilled city laborers have the most and the urban Drufesgion- al classes the least offsp -—- then | the i OLD-FASHIONED CURVES LIKELY TO COME BACK. The physician is as happy as the woman who pines for more food to | hear that fashion is dictating the re- | turn of old-fashioned curves, be- lieves Dr, E. 8S. Judd, of Rochester, Minn., president-elect of the Ameri-' can Medical asociation. word from Paris and New York that the boyish figure will be a thing of the style past is the most heartening news of women's fashions | received for years, in his opinion. “The end of starvation diets which have helped increase tuber- culosis, low blood pressure and ane- | mia among the women of the United States has come with this news, I believe,” Dr. Judd said. “We now will enter an era in which a girl may hope to eat a square meal without a twinge of conscience. “Eating now will be stylish. It will be a boon to the medical pro-| fession, for ‘we have tried to dis-' courage the wholesale starvation diets.” There is no royal road to slim- | ‘ness, Dr. Judd believes. Avoiding | the two extremes of exercises, too | imuch or none at all, any women | | who uses “common sense” in what | ‘and how much she eats will have the best chance to live long ang | ! healthily, | Her mood should be one of con-| ‘tent whether she gains more weight than she would like or not, he says, | for extra weight is much mote healthy than an 18-day diet. PENNSY PROTECTING FORESTS Work is rapidly on the burning of fire strips along the Middle Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, in connection with the| prevention of forest fires. These fire strips, or lanes, are be- | tween 100 and 150 feet wide, depend- | ing on local conditions, and when the work is completed there will be | approximately 42 miles of such pro- tection furnished along the Middle Division. Co-operation is being! given the State Foresters in the various districts on the Division. | The burning of these fire strips | was started early in the year, as at | such time there is little likelihood of | fire getting beyond control and | spreading to adjacent properties. | way have been with the Railroad Company in most | cases. At the locations where the fire hazard consisted of dead grass and other light inflammable ma- terial, the fire strips have been plowed, This practice has been carried out on the Middle Division for the past e [several years, and according to the study showed. It only com, 's records and those of the among native-born whites. State ters. no serious fires The child-bearing rates of the have broken out along any of the rural population was Sivan as 63 | locations where the fire strips have per cent higher than In Ri been made | precipice edge; then, cram a , Ed sul od - | | i i View of Niagara Falls From the Air. (Frepared by the National Geographic Society, Washington, D. C,) IAGARA FALLS, which lost N part of its rim on the Ameri: can side a few weeks ago in a gigantic cave-in, has only two rivals for magnitude and grand- eur, according to Theodore W. Noyes, who has visited the outstanding water- falis of the world. The two selected to rank with Niagara are Victoria Falls in the Zambezi river, Africa; and the Falls of the Iguazu In Brazil. In describing Niagara, Mr. Noyes says: “In the interior of the North Amer: ican continent, between Lakes Erie and Ontario, over a precipice bisect- ed by the United States-Canadian boundary line, falls Niagara, the world’s most famous cataract, “A million springs pour half the fresh water of the world into the bas- | Ins of the four great lakes which are Niagara's sources. As the vast inland sea of Superior fills and overflows its basin, the waters descend and mingle with those of Huron and Michigan, and the three lakes pour the com- bined flood of their overflow Into Lake Erie. “The vast aggregate volumes of the four great lakes, seeking from their elevated plateau sea level and their ultimate goal the ocean, break though a notch in the east rim of Erie's hasin. “In a comparatively narrow channel, contracting from over two miles to one mile in width above the falls, and to a hundred feet below, these waters de- scend leisurely and smoothly for half of their 36 miles of journey to On- tario; then rush for a mile or two In white-capped, mountainous waves of flerce rapids: then plunge in a ma- jestic fall into a charm of a mile's contour in irregular semicircle at the within narrow limits by precipitous banks, they rage In whirlpool and whirlpool rapids; and finally resume thelr dig- nified, unhurried pace for the rest of the way to Lake Ontario. “Shortly before the precipitous cliff over which the Niagara hurls itself is reached, an island (yclept Goat) sep arates the river Into two channels, about 6 per cent of the water passing to the right, over the so-called Amer fcan Fall (167 feet high), in a sym- metrical sheet about 1,000 feet wide, and the remaining 94 per cent to the left, over the Horseshoe, or so-called Canadian, Fall (158 feet high), in 3,000 feet of Irregular and semicircu- lar distorted outline. Goat island, separating the two falls with 1,300 feet of precipice edge, completes Niagara's mile of contour. How Best to See It. “The best general view of both falls of Niagara from the top—the finest, fullest panoramic spectacle of descend- img water In the world—is, so far as my observation goes, enjoyed in a walk from Prospect Point, at the northern edge of the American fall, along the brink of the cliff to the bridge betwen New York and Canada, across the bridge, and thence south- ward along the brink of the Canadian precipice until Horseshoe fall Is reached. “On the American side, at Prospect Point and Hennepin Point and, best of all, between these two points, direct- ly above the elevator to the Maid of the Mist landing, are side views of | both falls of unsurpassed loveliness. “In crossing the bridge to Canada, one stops every few feet to note the changes of loveliness of outline which accompany successive changes in the point of view. “From the Canadian side the Amer- icen fall at first glance seems to pre- sent an almost continuous straight front of precipice edge for its full 1,000 feet, but closer examination shows that, outside of its fine north section next to Prospect Point, the face of the precipice recedes by steps and curves, and then curves out again, the same forces (differing In degree, but not In kind) which are making the deep, irregular indentation at the apex of the Horseshoe operating here also, though here the recession due to | erosion is only about two inches a year, while at the Horseshoe It Is from four to six feet a year. The ef- fectiveness of the American fall, in | spite of its insignificant volume, is due to skiliful exploitation of its avallable water, Beauty of Horseshoe Fall, “Horseshoe fall is a thing of beauty as well as power. The eye delights in the fine, irregular inmer curve of the horseshoe; in the clouds of light, transparent spray which rise above the fall to varying heights and in di- verse shapes, according to climatic conditions and the direction of the wind; in its picturesque environment with Goat island on one side and Ca- nadian Victoria park on the other, and in the varied shifting coloring of fall, rapids, and spray cloud. “White and cream and lavende: show at the shallow edges on both sides of the fall, and light green and dark green, with white and cream fringes and frosting, in the deep col- umns of descending water in the in- side of the horseshoe, The spray cloud displays here a dense, opaque white, and here a transparent, trans- lucent, fleecy whiteness. The bottom of the basin cauldron at the foot of the fall shows a deep basic green, al- most covered with thick white foam, Its surface from fall to bridge is, splotched with the irregular circles of | miniature whirlpools.” Niagara is uot only a thing oi | beauty. For more than a generation the it has been hard at work; and the story of its workaday role is an epic | In the history of industry. Forty years ago certain manufacturers seeing the | tremendous amount of power running | to waste where the waters of’ Supe- rior, Michigan, Huron, and Erie leap | from lake level toward sea level, un- dertook the Installation of a great hy- | dro-electric plant at Niagara. Later, 8. other power-developing interests en- | tered the field, and then began a legls- lative and diplomatic war between those who would utilize some of the power of Niagara and those who would keep it untouched by the unsen- timental hand of commercialism. Division of Its Power. | Finally the governments of the United States and Canada made a treaty regulating the amount of wa- ter that could be diverted for power purposes. Canada has used her share to the last second-foot, but the United 1 States has never permitted the utiliza- | oa tion of a considerable share of her | Fs allowance. But for the part used there has bees made one of the most remarkable showings in the history of commercial | progress. The cheap power obtained made Niagara a laboratory where great ideas could be transformed into great enterprises. When Niagara power was first de lo veloped, efforts to make artificial | © grinding materials were proving a fail- ure because of a lack of electric cur rent at a price the new venture could afford to pay. Those who backed the | process thereupon went to Niagara Falls, set up a plant, and founded the artificial abrasive industry. How much its success means to America it would be difficult to overestimate, Take the grinding machinery out oi the automobile factories, remove It from the munitions plants, eliminate it from the locomotive works, car foun- dries, and machine shops of the coun- try and you would paralyze the na- tion's whole Industrial system. Just that would have happened during the World war, as a matter of fact, had not Niagara's artificial abrasives stepped In to save the day when hos- tilitles shut out the natural supply of emery and corundum from Asia Minor. Making Carborundum. While the processes of carborundun. manufacture were being perfected an- other lesson was learned. Quartz Is the geologist’s thermometer, for It is formed between narrow of tem- perature. If the materials from which nature makes it are subjected to more than so much heat, they take on an entirely different character from quartz. The same Is true if they are subjected to less than a certain amount of heat. So, also, it is with carborundun.. In its manufacture a large quantity of | 1931. a mixture of coke and sand, with a touch of sawdust and a dash of salt, is put into an electric furnace. A heavy current of electricity is passed through ihls for 48 hours, heating it to 1,350 degrees centigrade, If it is properly heated, there forms around the central core of coke a great array of crystals, large and small, almost as hard as diamonds, If too much heat Is applied, instead of forming Into crystals, the material breaks up into fine particles of black dust and you have graphite. Therefore, largely by the same proc ess, the electric furnace produces from the same materials the near-dia. mond of the artificial grindstone and | party the microscopic dust that becomes lead for a pencil, color for Ink, base for lubricants, electrodes for furnaces and death chairs, or a thousand other things. | GIVE PREFERENCE BOARD CONTNUES PLANTING OF FISH Over 100,000 brook trout ranging in size from seven to ten inches, were distributed in the streams and waters throughout the Common-' wealth during the spring months by the Board of Fish Commissioners, ’ | Sodniagjones O, M. Deibler report- * tie: hoard also planted in the streams over 1,700,000 minnows. Minnows are one of the most im- species distributed as they | portant supply food for trout, bass and (other fish. At this time the Pleasant Mount, Torresdale, Union city, Tionesta and Erie hatcheries are engaged in trans- porting millions of yellow perch and pike perch to suitable waters. The survey, which the board's representatives are making prior to distribution, has covered sufficient waters to take care of this distri- bution. The best part of two years ‘will be required in which to com- plete the survey of approved streams in each county and naturally this list will have to be added to from Sine to time, Commissioner sai “If you haven't a doctor,” said the tourist at the hamlet inn. “what happens when any one is taken seriously ill?” “Oh, they just dies a natural death.” POLITICAL ANNOUNCEMENTS. DEMOCRATIC FOR SHERIFF ! We are authorized to announce that Elmer Breon, of Bellefonte will be a candidate for the on the tic Sionet for the office of Sherift of Centre county, subject to the decision of the voters as the primaries to be d September 15th, 1931. I hereby announce f a candidate for the nomination for of Centre ject to the decision of the Democratic voters at the primary elec- | tion on September 15, Tost | authorized to announce that | Johs M Bodh. of Millheim SDorgugh, is 'a candidate for Soutinatioh for Sh of | Cen tic voters of | tre subject to "the decision - Pela “1 a he J d ay, Se September 15, 1081. COUNTY "TREASURER 1 Befeby 4hna SRnouRCe 8 | for the nominati County, sub, i tre 1 OY at the” Primary | Election, to be held September 15 ROBERT F. HUNTER | PROTHONOTARY | We authorized that 8. Claude Herr, of " Ballstonte, Penna, a candidate i Pros a of Centre County, 0 ah Democratic ticket, sub, son of the Dem re ss ol fo” the’ dec i (32 Primariag to to the role of the Dery a ba 15, hg RECORDER Commis- Centre County, subject to the decision of Oe voters o expressed a the Primaries to be held a3 Y, 15, 1981. We are authorized to announce that i olor, of township, is a | or nomination for the Pithce of | County mat sub to the de- cision of the yoters | ot Democratic the primaries to be Rei” as eld on 0 Comer 15, 1931. REPUBLICAN date for nomination Atitor of Centre Coun d "as exprossed dt the Be Beta" lpia by ln pri Orized to an announce San g i: TO MARRIED ME Preference to marricd men and men with dependents is to be t ule 1a on for road wo y ennsylvania Department Highways, says Secretary Sa “Our contribution to the abat ment of uremployment is limited the funds at our dis » Sec | tary Lewis said, “and it is my ©b (lief that if wages are paid the he: of a family or the breadwinner f several dependents, benefits from t {Department's expenditures w reach many more people.” o you see both sides of your face in your bedroom mirror? Yes, if you have plenty of shaded light on either side . . . or a good light hung directly over the mirror. WEST PENN POWER CO BETTER LIGHT MEANS CLEARER SIGHT Fire Insurance Does yours represent the val- ue of your property five years ago or today? We shall be glad to help you make sure that your protectior is adequate to If a check up on your property values indicates that you are only partially insured—let us bring your protection up to date. Hugh M. Quigley Temple Gourt, Bellefonte, Pa. ALL FORMS OF Dependable Insurance 76-7-t1. IRA D. GARMAN Have Your Diamonds Reset in Plantium 74-27-tt Exclusive Emblem Jewelry Good Printing. A SPECIALTY at the WATCHMAN OFFICE Bl RE BOOK WORK atlstacory “manner, 3d 5% BR a) Employers, This Interests Yor The Wo 's FipmaL, ory It makes insurance
Significant historical Pennsylvania newspapers