Your He alth
a
Some Disorders of the Liver and
Gallbladder.
By Arthur H. Kretchmar, M, D.
The biliary system is composed of
the liver, the bile ducts and the
gallbladder. The liver is one of the
most important organs of the body.
It has been said that living depends
on the liver. It has often been lik-
ened to a chemical laboratory.
Toxins which have been brought to
the liver by the blood from the in-
testinal canal and small amounts of
poisons in the way of chemicals and
so on which have been taken into
the body may be detoxified into
harmless end products. The liver
also excretes bile and for its per-
fect working the channels for the
excretion of bile must be kept clear.
Anything which dams back the bile
.uterferes with the function of the
liver and thus deranges its mech-
anism. The causes of conditions
which may obstruct the outflow of
the bile from the liver are as fol-
lows: (1) Conditions inside of the
bile channels themselves such as
infection, parasites or stones; (2)
Condi ‘ions in the walls of the bile
ducts such as strictures or tumors;
and (8) any condition around the
bile ducts which may cause pres-
sure upon them and hence tumors
and usually malignant tumors are
among the causes.
Jaundice isa symptom rather than
a disease. A patient with jaundice
must be thoroughly investigated.
The commonest cause of jaundice is
due to stones which have
in the bile duct and have caused ob-
struction of the outflow of bile, An-
other quite frequent cause is
so-called catarrhal jaundice which is
really a mild infection of the gall-
bladder and bile ducts, the conges-
tion in the ducts causing them to
swell and obstructing the outflow.
of diseases of the blood and it is
not infrequent in malignant disease
(1) where the cancer involves the
bile ducts themselves; (2) where
it involves an organ outside the
biliary system which may press upon
the bile ducts, and (3) where it has
spread to the liver from other or-
gans of the body.
Infections of the bilia-
ry system can be brought about in
different ways, one of which is in-|
fection ascending the bile ducts from
the intestinal canal. second
.method by which infection may
reach the b system is from
some focus of infection such as in-
fected tonsils or an abscessed tooth | take which tried to suppressa minor died in 1917,
or possibly even a sinus infection.
The germs which are contained in
these infected tissues may be carried
by the blood stream to any part of
the biliary system, probably most
commonly to the gallbladder, and
there set up an infection which at
first may be acute and later on be-
come chronic. Still a third way in
which infection can occur in the
biliary tract is when there Is dis-
ease of some other abdominal or-
gan. It has been shown that in-
fection can travel from a diseased
appendix by way of the lymphatics
to the gallbladder.
It is perhaps rather rare that in-
fection occurs in any part of
the biliary system but it often seems
as though Nature has placed a senti-
nel along many of the systems of
the body to alarm us when infection
occurs. Thus the tonsils might be
considered the sentinel of the res-
piratory tract and the appendix of
the alimentary canal and the gall-
ladder of the bil tract.
e sentinel is the first part of the
System that is overcome by thein-
fection and thus we hear more about valuable wild animals, Li declares, 'a heavy tax against
disease of the tract; but
coming back to our statement again
that usually no one part of the
tract alone is infected, we find that
where there has been gallbladder
diseasé over a long period of time
that the liver is affected and that
bly the bile ducts are also
nvolved. Because of this tendency
i extend from one point and in-
volve the entire system, it is im-
portant in the case of the biliary
tract to make an early diagnosis
and institute early treatment for an
infection of the gallbladder. Infec-
tion of the gallbladder is commonly
termed chol tis. In chronic cases
has been the rule to’ observe that
in the immediate neighborhood or in
that portion of the liver which is
adjacent to the gallbladder, there is
nearly Riera a zone of more or
less ve sca or en-
ing of the liver, and is another
reason for dealing radically with an
infection of the bladder. Being
often asked what is the cause of
gallstones, the answer is fairly sim-
ple. There are two to con-
sider: (1) infection and (2) statis.
Infection Plus ool or Sulay a
emptying, e nes. grea
medical wirter has said that gall-
stones are the tombstones of dead
bacteria.
Contrary to popular belief the
majority of cases of gallstones do
not make pain. It is only when a
small stone slips down into one of
the small bile duots and causes
spasm of the duct that we get the
so-called gallstone colic. Also it is
rather uncommon to find jaundice
with gallstones. it is only
when a small stone slips down into
Health Column 2.
the common bile duct and dams the
bile back into the liver and then
into the blood that we get the yel
lodged |
the |
Often |
an inflammation or an infection
low discoloration of the skin which
is so characteristic of jaundice.
Probably the commonest symptoms
‘of gallstones are as follows:
distress located in the upper addo-
men, sometimes just ow the
| preast bone or sometimes just to
| the t of this point. This feel-
I may be transferred
around the lower edge of the thorax
'and the right side. Occasionally it
may be referred to the right shoul-
| der.
“neuritis” of the right shoulder. Pa-
tients with gallstones also complain
of a good deal of gas formation
which is not usually relieved by the
passage of the gas. Such patients
are subject to acute attacks and an
acute attack comes when a small
stone slips into the common bile
duct. Acute pain is caused and
jaundice may develop after a day or
two if the stone is not passed into
| the intestinal canal. Such an at-
tack may result in an acute infec-
tion of almost the entire biliary tract
inclu the bile ducts, the
bile channels in the
liver itself. In the presence of
| Gallstones, it is possible at any time
|to have an acute flare-up within the
| gallbladder itself. This quite fre-
| Sucaty results in an abscess forma-
tion and can very rapidly become
‘dangerous. Acute infections of the
| biliary system usually require emer-
gency operations.
WHAT IT COSTS CAPONE
TO BE GANGSTER BOSS.
“Al Capone has 6000 State and
city officials of Illinois and.Chicago
on his weekly payroll.
“He wants to get out of the
| game, but he can't. The 6000 won't |
|let him quit because they want
| their pickings.”
So says Albert R. Brunker, chair-
man of the Chicago Civic Safety
Committee, who says he got the
|facts and figures from the gangster
chieftain’s own lips.
The significant thing about the
charges is that they are completely
credible.
Al Capone, according to Brunker,
estimates that $8,086,000,000 is spent
annually in this country for liquor,
and that $6,000,000,000 of the sum
goes for corruption of officials.
The figures, of course, cannot be
| accepted offhand. They are not the
report of a Presidential commission.
| Yet they are believable. And
there is something ominous in the
| fact that since the coming of pro-
hibition the public is ready to be-
lieve anything of the officials elect-
led and appointed to old its law.
Jaundice is also seen in some cases PRO hy
| Under Volsteadism the slightest
attempt to expose official corruption,
'as in New York, Chicago and Pnil-
| adelphia, sets a great geyser of
| municipal sewage loose,
| That corruption grows bolder
| every year; is satisfied and secure
| when it is only half-hidden.
| What prohibition has accomplished
is to prove the axiom that every
man has his price—and to make it
possible for bribers to dig up the
| price.
| In the history textbooks te be
written 50 years from now, Al
| Capone's payroll, critically evaluated
{by Ph. D's yet unborn, will stand
as the symbol of a legislative mis-
i
|evil and ended by making the forces
{of crime rich and powerful and de-
| fiant.
Some great scholar of the future
is certain to refer to us as the peo-
ple who replaced the corner saloon
by the speakeasy, the bribed police-
man, the corrupt politician and the
“bought and paid for” Judge.—Phil-
adelphia Record.
BLAMES FURRIERS FOR DOG
AND CAT DEATH RATE.
Li Chaokuan has petitioned munic-
ipal authorities to stop slaying
(dogs and cats ir Peiping for their
Li's own motive is purely hu-
manitarian, he says, but he also
points out the dog and cat fur busi-
ers who, he claims, are selling these
skins in the guise of seal, marten
and fox.
Furriers have improved methods
|of tanning and dyeing skins to
make them imitate the furs of
i
and the profits cause pet
(animals to be stolen and killed for
| their hides.
i
| the industry.
| .
|
MINUTE FLOWERS
Flowers while you wait. That
is the achievement of Viscount
| Fitzalan of Derwent.
| The Viscount has discovered the
(secret of how to grow flowers
| before the eyes of his friends and
| family. He has had a sunlight ap-
| paratus installed
| his uses
| Windsor Castle.
| There by the use of violet rays
|and 1,000-candle power arc lamps
‘equal to strong sunlight, he can
| make his flowers attain in a few
hours a pitch of perfection which
nature, unaided, could only hope to
achieve in a few weeks.
When Lady Fitzalan wants spe-
cial floral decoration for her dinner
table, she has only to order thema
few hours before hand—and there
they are.
PARIS CAN CALL COPS
LIKE FIREMEN NOW.
The authorities report satisfac-
tion with the result of the six hun-
dred police telephones arranged
throughout the city. They are like
fire alarm boxes. On b the
glass a connection is made wi
police stations simultaneously,
a result of the “burglar alarm posts,”
the police surprised 32 burglars and
caught them red-handed.
~The Watchman is without a
peer in the newspaper field.
Sometimes people complain of
small |
liver and the
AY
| ALASKAN DOG TEAMS ARE
GIVING WAY TO PLANES.
Modern transportation by air
threatening the future of the
amute, hero of many an Alaskan
tale of danger and hardship on the
snow-packed trails of America's
frontier.
travel, mail and other ar-
may be sent by air cheaper
than by dog team, statistics have
revealed
The cost of the average dog team,
lincluding the driver, amounts to $25
per day, or 65 cents per r
mile, and the team has an average
speed of 30 to 40 miles per day.
In com with the time and
cost, transportation has be-
come in this land of poor
commuciation facilities. The air-
Despite the present high cost of
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FARM NOTES.
Most fungous or bacterial para-
sites thrive best where moisture is
os | plentiful. |
Calves fed at shorter intervals |
gre also subject to digestive disor-
rs. i
= !
—When they get to using rustless
iron and steel in cultural imple- |
ments, the sky- ed machine shed
will not take its toll so rapidly,
—Weed patches in fields
should not be treated with sodium |
i
| chlorate until after harvest when
plane has reduced dog team mail]
time between Nome and Nenana
from 29 days to four hours. Gold
dust and furs are transported from
Nome to Fairbanks, 540 miles across
a snowbound wilderness, in five
hours, instead of the month required
by a fast dog team.
The malamute is slowly losing his
race as provider of transportation
over long distances. Even law en-
forcers, who used to whip their dog
teams onto the trail of criminals,
spending weeks or months in the
pursuit, have taken to the air.
With development of airways and
construction of landing fields, air-
| planes are ted to solve the
Soiihnuication problem in the terri-
ry.
PLANTERS REQUESTING
7,000,000 SEEDLINGS.
More than seven million forest
tree have been ordered
by private planters from the Penn-
sylvania department of forests and
waters for planting this spring. De-
puty Secretary John W. Keller in
commenting upon this large re-
forestation program in privately-
owned lands throughout the Com-
monwealth, said that considerable
labor will be necessary in the plant-
ing of these trees, which will con-
tribute in no small way to help re-
lieve the unemployment situation.
Planting trees for reforestation is
one of the most interesting and
profitable occupations, Keller said,
It aflords the tree planter a keen
sense of enjoyment in starting some-
thing that will live long after he is
gone and insure a valuable heritage
| for succeeding generations.
Charles R. Meek, chief of the bu-
reau of forest extension, receives
many letters from people over 70
yars of age who are still planting
many trees and are enthusiastic
about reforestation. One man 84
| several thousand trees which he ex-
pects to plant this spring. There
are still available for distribution
in the state forest tree nurseries long as is needed for the beds to be
pine, | filled.
white pine, pitch pine, red
‘and black locust seedlings.
| “FIRST LADY” TO GET
}
| The wife of the President of the
United States was named beneficiary
in an unusual trust fund created by
! the late Henry G. Freeman, Jr, who
| specialists as an excellent
requiring greater study
{order to meet their
years of age recently applied for
|
| $12,000 EACH YEAR.
|
they need not be disturbed further
with farm machinery.
—From the standpoint of feed pro-
duction, the pasture is commonly
the most important field on the
farm. Don’t overlook the permanent
pasture when applying this winter's
manure. |
-—Soy beans are recommended by |
hay crop. The soy bean is tolerant
of acids soils and produces a hay of
high protein content and feeding |
value comparable to alfalfa.
— |
—Plows scour most easily in soils
that have plenty of humus. A starch |
condition of soils can be corrected by |
bringing the percentage of organic
material up to 4 per cent using cal- |
cium carbonate for soil acidity. i
—~There are splendid opportunities
for commercial growing of straw- |
berries.
—1It is very difficult to do effective
spraying without good spraying ma-
chinery.
—It's a mistake to slash too free-
ly into mature trees. A tree is a
living thing. The main purpose of
pruning is to keep down the height
so that spraying and picking the
fruit will be easier.
—Where the grapevines are af-
fected with scale insects, use the
lime sulphur spray of one gallon
lime sulphur to seven gallons of
water.
—While the methods of pruning |
all young, deciduous fruit trees are
more or less similar as the trees
grow older their differences in gen-
eral growth, shape and fruit char-
acteristics become more pronounced,
and care in
individual re- |
quirements, and to serve better the
economic needs of the grower,
—The first and most important
step in gathering the materials for
use in manure-heated hotbeds is the
manure. The best is fresh horse |
manure. Pile in rows four feet
wide, not over six feet high and as
—Prune grape vines to
maximum crop of high quality fruit.
A strong well-grown ol in good
soil can support about 60 buds.
. |
—Hotbeds and coldframes are
valuable equipment for growing early |
vegetable plants. They are easy to
according to terms of build and operate. Circulars 120 and
| his will which have been made pub-! 185 tell how. Write to the Agricul-|
| lie.
Freeman's
annuity of $12,000 for the “First
Lady” to “continue in force so long
as this glorious government lasts.”
| The fund is to be known as
Henry G. Freeman, Jr. Pin Money | palatabil
Fund.”
Whether Mrs. Hoover will benefit dance of Lome-grown legume
will provided for an lege, Pa. for free copies.
“the | other hays in quantity, q
tural Publication Office, State Col- |
— i
—Successful livestock feeders,
have found legume hays superior to
ty, and
ty of protein, and in lime
For dairy cows an abun-
hay
content,
from this fund, should she so elect, | provides a basis for an economical |
‘will depend upon a definition of ration.
questions of law by the orphan’s
court. St. Joseph hospital and St.
| Joseph female orphan asylum share
in the revenue of the properties.
STRICT REGULATION OF
{ BILLBOARDS PROPOSED.
More stringent regulations re-
i
signboards on or adjacent to provin-
‘cial highways are planned by the
Ontario Department of Highways,
‘according to R. M. Smith, Deputy
| Minister of Highways.
! The department at regent levies
signs which
do not advertise a business conduct-
| ed upon the property on which the
' billboard is situated Now it is
| they will destroy the appearance of
| the countryside.
| Itis also planned to ban the
erection of signs within 500 feet of | brooder houses, allow one square
is | road intersections and railroad cross- foot of floor
lings. The present limit is 300 feet. For best resul
| RETAINS LEAD IN
BITUMINOUS
COAL.
ap— Prune
| Figures released by the United | Fruit.—Grapes which have not been
in the cellar of States bureau of mines show that pruned already should have this
greenho at Cumberland Pennsylvania has retained the lead important operation performed at
of infection of the gallbladder it Lodge, which stands not far from for 1930 from the stand
| bituminous coal produced.
122,459,000 tons, as compared
a production of 143,516,241 tons for
040,000 tons, and for
518,885 tons.
the other major coal producing
1929,
ginia, 11,115,000 tons.
11981 Hunters’ Licenses Will be Wine
Color, with White Numerals.
Hunters’ licenses for 1931 will be
wine c¢ th white numerals and
letters.” An order for 544,000 has
een“ authorized by the Game Com-
mission,
———Senator Scott has introduced
a bill in the State Senate appropri-
ating $40.000 to cover the deficiency
in the orginal cost of rebuilding the
Philipsburg State hospital.
|
|
|
It
|
|
| mares
| He claims 5,000,000 Peiping cats planned to introduce legislation for-
and dogs are slain each year for bidding erection of signs where
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t of once, states County Agent
e 1930 Blaney. = Late winter pruning, if
| production for Pennsylvania was | done before the flow of sap starts,
with | will reduce ‘bl
|
1920. The production of West Vir-| generally accepted type of
ginia for the year 1930 was 120,- | practice in Pennsylvania,
138,- | the Umbrella and Chautauqua
The production of tems are used extensively in some
States areas. All three systems are ac-
follows: Illinois, 53,275,000 tons; Ken- | ceptable,
tucky, eastern, 40,497,000 tons—wes- the same ideas, and result in prac-
tern, 10,200,000 tons; Ohio, 23,550,- tically the same yields.”
000 tons; Indiana, 15,840,000 tons;
Alabama, 15,240,000 tons, and Vir- with buds
fairly close to-|
| gether are the highest yielders,
says Blaney. “Bull” runners, or
—Shadows in the colony house |
will scare baby chicks and cause
them to crowd. Shades over the
windows will prevent the moon from
casting shadows which frighten the!
young chicks. !
—Dairy cattle values are closely |
‘ness is corrupting Chinese fur deal- garding the erection of advertising | Associated with milk producing abil-
ity and type. Both of these charac-
eristics are largely matters of in-|
Good sires provide the
cheapest and surest means of im-
provement.
—To Sot ve Hole treat the brood
ht. them proper]
and work them carefully, sa Dy
specialists of the Pennsyl State
College. Well-balanced rations that
contain considerable bulk are es-
sential for health.
——JIn figuring the capacity of
e for three chicks.
not more than 300
chicks should be placed together
in one brooder house or pen.
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Grape Vines for Good
R. C,
' of the vines.
“The Kniffen m is the
are based on
Quarter-inch 1-year-old vines,
coarse woody vines, with buds
spaced far apart, are to be avoided
if possible because of their low
rr Tg lant in
ng, well grown pl
good soil can support about 60 buds,
while a weak, less vigorous t
can support only about 40 buds ad-
vantageously. Four vines, each
having from 10 to 15 buds depen
on the vigor of the plant, should
be left. All older wood should be
cut away as close to the central
stalk as in
most
although
An
possible. Vines pruned
this way will yleld a maximum
@
USE MORE
ELECTRICITY
AND EACH KWH*
COSTS LESS
. Actual bills show that cur-
rent for these electric help-
ers and good illumination
costs only $3 to $5 a
month. Naturally, the de-
sire for light varies with
different families. But the
trend is more and better
illumination, the basis of
which is shaded light. And
the cost of each KWH*
decreases, step by step, the
more electricity you use.
*KWH-—Kilowatt Hour — the unit
used to measure electrical emergy.
WEST DENN
POWER COMPANY
DANGER MAY BE LURKNG
IN BRIGHT SPRING DAYS.
Dr. J. Bruce McCreary, deputy
secretary of health, issued a warn-
ing on so-called ‘“pet” days. He
pointed out that at this particular
season of the year with the differ-
ent marked ranges in temperature
many persons are likely to become
over-enthusiastic when the tempera-
ture rises and by dis
tected so far as clo
ed, thereby open themselves to colds,
grippe and other diseases which
requently follow such conduct.
“Many persons each year become
exceedingly enthusiastic concerning
the brightness and the warmth of
some of the days that at this par-
ticular
themselves into the average cool or
cold weather,” Dr. McCreary said.
“Unthinkingly, under the false im-
pression that spring has come, many
men ad women upon the first indi-
cation of more than average warmth
will doff protective apparel to such
an extent that theg iavite disease,
“While of course it possible to
become over-f of the fur coat
and the h ter overcoat, there
is on the er lden mean
which should not be rded. The
mere fact that a “pet” day sudden-
ly arrives ig no Jpstifiable reason
for persons outdoors, clothed
or unclothed, to the extent that is
natural and seasonal during the real
warm months. Nevertheless, this
thoughtless custom is indulged in
by numerous persons and often to
their sorrow.
“The weather to be found in Penn-
sylvania’s latitude in the early spring
frequently is falsely alluring andat
best demands careful consideratio
and thought as to the attitude
be assumed it. The sud-
den changes in temperature, while
of course demanding a measure of
clothing adjustment, will not with-
out danger permit from one
extreme to the other in this regard
“With the grippal conditions which
still are more or less prevalent
throughout the Commonwealth, it be-
hooves everyone to use care -
ing undue exposure, including cloth-
ing. Lack of caution has already
| produced records in the Department
of Health of many cases of the
respiratory type. One of the fun-
damental rules of nature is that
sudden changes in temperature call
for a sensible regulation of wearing
apparel. Extremes will not safely
be countenanced by any other kind
of conduct.”
crop of fruit and will
require a
minimum amount of work.
Employers,
This Interests You
The Workman's
Law went into effect Jan, 1,
1916. It makes insurance com.
ry. We specialize in
such insurance, We Intpect
Plants and recommend
Prevention Safe Guards which
Reduce Insurance rates,
will be to your interest to
consult us before placing your
Insurance
JOHN F. GRAY & SON
State Oollege Bellefonte
the
necessity of being sufficiently pro-|
is concern- W
season of the year inject
FIRE INSURANCE
At a Reduced Rate, 20%
133% J, M. KEICHLINE, Agent
FEEDS!
Se fone
Wayne Feeds
Wagaers 16% Dairy re”
r's 16% -
Wagner's 20% Dairy Feed - 1.80
Wagner's 82% Dairy Feed - 2.00
Wagner's Pig Meal 18% - 210
Wagner's Egg Mash 189% - 2.25
Wagner's Scratch Feed - 1.60
Wagner's Horse Feed - 1.70
1.
Wi s Winter Bran
28
oy
i
-
| Chop - - -
| Wagner's Chick Feed - -
1.70
2.30
| Wayne 24% Dairy Feed - 225
| Wayne - - - 250
| Wayne Mash Chick Starter 3.25
| Wayne All Mash Grower - 27
| Wayne Calf Meal - = =- 400
Blatchford Calf Meal251b. - 1.45
| Oil Meal 349% - - eo 35
, Cotton Seed Meal 43 - - 200
| Gluten Feed - J «aw 200
{Hominy Feed - - - - 1.80
| Fine Ground Alfalfa - 2.25
|Beet Pulp =~ - - - min 118
Meat Scrap 45% - - - 3.00
Tankage 60% - - - 3.25
| Fish Meal - - - . 38.75
| Fine Stock Salt - - =, 1.20
Round Grit - - - - - 1830
Lime Grit - - - 1.00
| Oyster Shell - = - 100
Let us grind your Corn and
and make up Feed, with
on Seed” Meal, Of Meal, Gluten,
| Alfalfa, Bran, Midds and
We will make delivery on two ton
All accounts must be paid in 30
days. Interest charged over that
time.
Ir want good bread
TO a rand al
Y. Wagner & Co
BELLEFONTE, PA,
and
Coin
>
-
Inc
T5-1-1yr.
Caldwell & Son
Plumbing
and Heating
Vapor....Steam
By Hot Water
Pipeless Furnaces
Full Line of Pipe and Fit-
tings and Mill Supplies
All Sizes of Terra Cotta
Pipe and Fittings
ESTIMATES
Cheerfully saa Promptly Furnished
6-18-11.