TO GEORGE WASHINGTON.
Days of terror, years of trial,
Scourge a nation into life,
Lo, the youth, become her leader!
All her baffled tyrants yield;
Through his arm the Lord hath freed
her;
Crown him on the tented field!
Vain is Empire's mad temptation!
Not for him an earthly crown!
He whose sword hath freed a nation
Strikes the offered scepter down.
See the throneless Conqueror seated,
Ruler by a people's choice;
See the Patriot's task completed;
Hear the Father's dying voice!
“By the name that you inherit,
By the sufferings you recall,
Cherish the fraternal spirit;
Love your country first of all!
If its bands may be untied;
Listen not to idle questions
Doubt the patriot whose suggestions
Strive a nation to divide."
By Oliver Wendell Holmes.
THE LIE CHIVALROUS.
For the Children,
“Now, children,” announced Miss
Hard in her commanding voice, “I
will pass round this book for you
to look at,” -—she wrapped smartly
on her desk with her pencil at the
little stir which followed her words
and the forty-five mites in Grade II
subsided meekly,—*“I will round
this book for you to look at,” she
repeated, “and if anyone hurts or
mars it in any way, I shall
him or her by sending him or her
to Mr. Walton,”—another stir, for
Mr. Walton was the dreaded and
august principal of school No.
Miss Hard,—*“to explain such care-
lessness. The book is to be looked
at by only one pupil at a time
and there is to be no whispering.
Those pupils who are not looking
at the book may copy carefully the
sentence on the blackboard, George
Washington never told a lie. The
room is to be absolutely silent.”
She ended and glanced down the
rews of desks with their serious-
faced little occupants. Then she
took up her pen and seated herself
at her own desk. Miss Hard had a
letter to write and didn't wish to be
disturbed. She had provided the
children with work so her conscience
was clear. Miss Hard disliked chil-
dren and considered that they were
to blame that she earned her livin,
by teaching them. She was prou
of her discipline which changed the
sensitive little bodies quivering with
life into graven images of propriety.
In Miss Hard's room a dreary or-
der reigned. Even the worst boys
cowered under the sharpness of her
eyes and the strength of the arm
which dealt out shakings at any in-
fringement of her iron-bound rules.
It was the twety-first of February
and the children had been maging
paper hatchets and cocked hats
bunches of cherries. Also they had
been steeped in Washington lore for
a week past as the outline of the
rimary supervisor required. They
ew all about the nistoric cherry
tree and the hatchet. It had been
duly impressed upon their young in-
tellects that George Washington was
a truth-teller before everything. Al-
so the moral had been drawn that,
although he became a heat general
and the Father of His Country, these
things were after afl small in com-
parison with his inability to tell a
falsehood. Furthermore, any boy or
girl might follow the example thus
set them and so become as worthy
of admiration as W n him-
self. It was a glorious thought!
There was not a child in the room
who did not resolve henceforth to
speak the truth in all things, daring
ent as did little George, for
the right. In Miss Hard's room per-
fect honesty reigned supreme.
The book, a big gaily illustrated
volume of Revolutionary times, was
duly passed from desk to desk. The
busy pens went scratch, scratch,
and little earnest tongues were slight-
ly protruded as their owners strove
manfully to write in their best ver-
tical hand. The new little girl who
had come to school for the
time that day was very flushed
as she bent above her copy and her
t brown curls swept her desk.
She was painfully shy and the day Years
had beenone of exquisite torture to
her, She was wholly terrified by
Miss Hard's manner and er-
ed by the newness of everything.
Meredith Mann, who sat across the
aisle from her, couldn't help feeling
sorry for her. He was a bashful
boy, serious and thoughtful, and
had suffered a few things himself
since he had been in Miss Hard's
room. Moreover, just at present
Meredith was lifted up under the
inspiration of the great h
He was never going to tell a lie no
matter what the consequence. He
was going to be good for ever and
ever. And when you are under the
influence of a mood like this your
heart feels very big and kind.
The new girl received the book
before he did and began tremblingly
to turn the pages. Miss Hard's
direful threat rang in her ears. Sup-
pose something should happen to the
precious volume while it was in her
possession. Suppose she should hurt
it in some way and she should be
sent to the principal, Oh, if sucha
thing were to happen she should die
of fright, she knew she would. The
colored pictures danced before her ed
uncomprehending eyes as she thought
upon the possibility of the awful or-
deal. And then the dreaded thing
happened for somehow she tore a
page. Hastily closing the book she
passed it to Meredith Mann. Her
flushed face had grown white. She
hid her face on her desk in an
agony of apprehension and her light
brown curls fell all around her as
though tliey would gladly conceal
her if they could. her childish
barin was bu with the awful
thing that had fallen to her lot.
27, |
and another spirited rapping from
first |
| Then somebody pushed
r under her curls. Under the
cover of her ringlets she read the
and knew it came fom the
boy across the aisle.
“Tl tell her it was me,” it said. |
Miss Hard finished her letter and
at the clock.
“Who ever has the book at pres-
ent may bring it to the desk, The
rest of the children may see it some
other day,” she said briskly. It
made no difference to Miss Hard
that half her pupils were smother-
ing with exclamation of disappoint-
ment.
and that was the end of it.
Meredith Man brought the book
to her. His face did not show the
inward struggle that had shaken
him. For, knowing that he was
committing a sin, knowing that in
so sinning he was forever giving up
his chance of being like the truth-
ful W n, Meredith Mann was
about to a deliberate lie.
“Miss Hard,” he announced in an
unsteady voice,” I tore the book.”
There it was over—the thing was
done that blotted out forever his
chance to become a hero. And he
had sacrificed it all because the real
culprit had beena girl anda timid
one. It seemed perfectly natural
that she should accept his sacrifice
' without an objection. It was all
of an inborn, unexpressed prin-
ciple, that the stronger should pro-
tect the weaker and that the weak-
er should allow the stronger to do
it. He met Miss Hard's steely eyes
unflinchingly, It seemed to him
that she was almost glad to havea
chance to out her threat. Oh,
the little timid new girl could never
have stood that look. It made you
turn hot and cold—it made your
knees tremble and the tears come
‘to your eyes. It was an awful
punish | that penetrating gaze of Miss
ne
“Take the book to Mr. Walton,"
‘she said. “I shall let him deal with
| such carelessness.”
Meredith left the room and climb-
ed the stairs that led to the
dreaded office. Mr. Walton sat at
‘his desk alone. He turned sharp-
'ly around on his whirling chair and
looked over his glasses at Mere-
| dith. “Well?” he said,
Oh, it was not well, it was very,
very ill to have to tell your lie all
over again. And then as the little
boy looked at the tall severe man,
another inborn principle asserted it-
‘self. It was man to man now and
he would tell Mr. Walton the truth.
It never occurred to him that Mr.
Walton might not believe him—
might think he was trying to shield
(himself. So he told his little story
without a doubt as to its reception
and the august Mr. Walton listen-
ed with a queer expression in his
sharp eyes.
“I didn't mean ever to tell a lie,”
Meredith Mann ended, “I wanted to
be a hero like Washington. But
don't you 'spose, perhaps, if Wash-
ington hadn't really chopped down
the cherry tree but he knew who
had, and it was somebody awful
'fraid, he might have said the
same, “Father I cannot tell a lie, I
did it with my little hatchet?”
Mr, Walton looked very thought-
' ful. He wanted to shake hands with
the boy but he had his duty as a
teacher to perform.
“But if Washington had said that,
don't you think it would have been
perfectly all right for his father to
have punished him for chopping
down the tree instead of praising
him for being brave enough to take
the blame for someone else?”
“Why, of course,” replied Mere-
dith unhesitatingly. There was no
doubting the sincerity of his atti-
tude. He was ready to pay the
little new girl's debt to the utter-
most.
Mr. Walton's face relaxed still
‘more. “But suppose Washington's
father knew that his son was try-
ing to save somebody else and insist-
ed punishing the real offender?"
“Oh,” said Meredith Mann with a
confident smile, “that would just
spoil e "ed
Then Mr. Walton really smiled,
“I think I'll keep you with me for
the rest of the afternoon,” he
“I need a boy to run errands for an
| owe or so and I want one I can
it,"
And this was all the punishment State forests
that Meredith Mann ever received.
NO BURDENSOME TOIL IN 2030.
“How to live,” rather than “how
to make a living,” will be the goal
of public school a hundred
hence, in the opinion of Dr.
William John Cooper, Commissioner
of Education.
Basing his predictions for the com-
ing century on Progen recorded in
the one just ended Dr. Cooper said
‘that by the year 2030 automatic
| machinery would have “removed bur-
he densome toil from the backs of
| men.”
Most youths would be in schdol
until they become of age, he said,
“learning how to care for their
‘health. How to spend their leisure
time to advantage, how to dis-
(charge their civic duties, how to
make worthy homes and be capable
parents.”
He added that the “standard of
living will be higher than ever
'dreamed of by any philosopher,”
(and that “intelligence will replace
emotion in settling public issues,
and affairs of the State will be in
iy © dicvtrae Pa.
y e public re-
sponsibilities. w
Mechanization of industry will go
to greater degrees and trades and
merchandising jobs will be so sim-
plified as to be soon learned, he add-
“The poverty-stricken school dis-
trict of 1930, with its underpaid and
disa Cooper aon
will be administered by the States,
Ith such units as afford finan-
cial responsibility, Equality of ed-
ucational opportunity will be guaran-
teed through State and Federal
equalization funds.”
———When you read the Watchman
you are sure it's all true. If not a
regular reader you ought to be.
i
i
a scrap of CLAIMS WASHINGTON
FIRST MILLIONAIRE.
She had finished her letter
transportation, engineer, pioneer and
promoter. He was a man of broad
commercial vision and rare busi-
ness ability. He spent one-fourth
of his life in public service and yet
left behind him a record of business
achievement and a fortune that en- Pic
titles him to be called our first mil-
lionaire, He started life with but
a few cents of his own. When he
died the land and other investments
that he directed to be sold were
worth, by his own consrvative es-
timate in his will, $530,000, and this
did not include some of the most
valuable portions of his estate.
To many of us W
mythical
like that of the self-righteous little
boy and the hypothetical cherry tree.
As a matter of fact, he was a very
different sort of person. He was a
man who would have been perfectly
at ease in a group of modern big
business men around the directors’
table. And he enjoyed fox hunting
and dancing, as the modern man en-
joys golf.
“In his ideals, his sense for giv-
ing value as well as getting it, his
zeal for big contructive undertak-
ings, for striking into virgin fields,
seizi opportunities, o
nues development, his instinctive
up of the possibilities of prof-
it in a deal—in all these matters
and others like them, his attitude
was strikingly similar to that of
the best modern business man. He did
not definitely formulate any rules
for moneymaking, but he followed
certain basic principles throughout
his career.”
Washington's apprenticeship in
business started soon after his
father's death, which occurred when
the boy was twelve.
“From that time,” Mr.
says, “ he was pretty much on his
own, and was always faced with
the problem of making a living.
Washington's first job was as an
apprentice surveyor with G, W.
Fairfax. At seventeen he became
‘official surveyor of Culpepper coun-
ty, and began his life work as an
engineer. He had the thrifty idea
of not taking all his pay in cash.
He knew where the best acres were
located, and, believing that land
prices would rise, he began putting
‘his extra pay into good land.
His returns on later av-
eraged as high as $15, a year.
He ran a gristmill at Mcunt Vernon.
He conducted fisheries on ten miles
| of waterfront, his product
to and the West Indies.
He tained a
Potomac, which
profit. He devoted six years as
managing director of a company
which was ed in and
lumbering operations in Virginia, and
‘he was president of the Potomac
| River company, a na and
development enterprise which even-
| tually evolved into the Chesapeake
& Ohio and the Baltimore systems.
He purchased 58,000 acres of land
i Pennsylvania, Ohio and West
“In business he was careful about
exacting value and giving it. He
performed his contracts and promises
according to the spirit as well as
the letter, even when doing so in-
‘volved heavy losses,
| “Washington ran his business af-
fairs by exact knowledge. He al-
ways knew where he stood. He
kept complete records of recepits and
expenditures and of all business
transactions.
is a
STATE FORESTS EXTENDED.
Statistics announced by the Penn-
vania Department of Forests and
aters reveal that additions to the
1930 amounted
to approximately ,000 acres, ac-
at a cost of $398,632.11.
Lands ded to the State Iorests
during past year bring the total
forest area belonging to the people
of Pennsylvania, and administered by
=
the Forestry Department, to 1,429, stituted, contains artistic relics
1931. brought from the Antiquarium. The
) acres, as of January I,
Last year's
urchases were exceed-
of 1902 and 1904
‘acres, respectively, were secured,
| long list of coun
| monwealth in the State forests
are located, now numbering 33.
this county 16,890 acres and 96 perch-
/es were purchased 1930,
at a cost of $568,117.10.
State forest extensions during the
past year embraced the following
‘counties and areas: Adams, 1
| acres; Bedford, 1,189 ; Cameron,
117,345 acres; Centre, 13,763 acres;
Clearfield, 3,815 acres; Clinton, 28,-
| 756 acres; Cumberland, 2,185 acres; ing
Franklin,
(Elk, 5689 acres; 1,396
(acres; Fulton, 16,066 acres; Hunt-
| ingdon, 1,427 acres; Lycoming, 6,155
lacres; Mifflin 458 acres; Perry 551
| acres; Pike, 527 acres; Potter, 13.-
| 183 acres; Snyder, 4,670 acres; Sul-
livan, 10,801 acres; Tioga, 3,716
acres; Union, 968 acres.
| MOUNT VERNON ESTATE.
Mount Vernon contained 10,000
acres, about Rfteen square miles. It
| was divided into farms of convenient
size which were under the personal
supervision of Washington. In 1787
he had 500 acres in ye sowed
{600 acres of oats, acres of
| wheat, as much more in corn, bar-
|ley, potatoes, beans, peas, etc., and
50 acres in turnips. His stock
consisted of 140 horses, 112 cows,
235 working oxen, heifers and steers
|and 500 sheep. In 1788 he slaupgh-
tered 150 hogs for the use of his
family and provisions for his ne-
| groes.
I
" scenery |
re hidden behind fables |
ave-
fi the
ow’ gn Mean ngs
| TOURING EUROPE WITH
i BYRON H. BLACKFORD.
| The ride across Austria is one of
‘the most beautiful imaginable—the
rugged and wild—the farm-
remarkably pic-
uresque. ck set down in a
valiey, entirely surrounded by dizzy
| snow-capped peaks, is one of the
ture spots of Europe. Here life
flows on in a quiet and even way—
it is a common sight to see men
| with “rucks” (a kind of knapsack)
who live in the mountains, carrying
unbelievable loads of provisions on
their shoulders—the winter will soon
set in (Early November) and the
snow and ice prevent them from
getting down into the village before
spring
‘houses and people
t
The journey from Innsbruck to
Venice takes nine hours and is most
picturesque. We crossed the Alps
‘over the famous Brenner pass and
| were rewarded by seeing some of
‘the grandest and most rugged
‘scenery in the world. The rail-
way construction over this pass is
remarkable—in a number of places
the track seems to be hanging in
mid air, and one can see down into
deep ravines two or three thousand
feet below. The train passes through
many tunnels and runs at a good
speed.
We arrived in Venice late at
‘night and took a gondola for our
hotel which we found to be very
near the Cathedral of St. Mark's.
Many descriptions have been .writ-
‘ten about Venice—but all fail to de-
| scribe the real beauty that she pos-
' sesses. She rises like a water flow-
| er—the most fantastic city that art
‘and nature ever created. The mod-
ern and the old rub shoulders—and
one is never quite sure which it is—
so carefully is it blended, The soft
| coloring of the crumbling buildings,
the beauty that is everywhere is
one of the most difficult tasks to de-
scribe—one has to be there to see
‘and to feel it, We explored many
of the narrow, winding streets (con-
trary to general belief—there really
are streets in Venice—rode in gon-'
dolas, fed the pigeons—paid a visit
to St. Mark’s—had tea at Florian's,
explored the Rialto and did every-
thing all good Americans are sup-
to do when they visit the
| “Queen of the Adriatic.” The man-
ufacture of blown glass, lace shawls
Btc.,, makes Venice a city of some
commercial importance.
' Florence is sometimes called the
‘gateway te the hill country, which
stretches across the north central
part of Italy from the Mediterra-
nean to the Adriatic. It lies in the
hollow of it's hills; is rich in build-
of the middle ages and of the
16th and 17th centuries;
of the Flowers,
| magnificent Tuscan—Gothic cathe-
drals in the world—the Pitti Palace,
' which houses one of the world's great-
est collection of pictures—the
Royal
‘Gardens, the Palaceof the Siginoria, partly
Giotto's Tower said by John Ruskin
City Hall (600 years old). The tombs
of Michael Angelo Machiavelli and
many members of the famous Med-
fei family—who left such an in-
delible imprint on the city that
may still be felt and seen.
The wonders of Rome are so
numerous and complex that the
visitor feels completely overwhelm-
‘ed at first. Everything may be
found here: history —art—legend—
poetry — mythology — archaeology,
Our hotel, across from the new
American Embassy (the former
of the queen—mother
) was pleasant and cen-
tral, A week was t in Rome
where everything of importance was
seen. Our first sight of ancient
| Rome was seen from the top of the
| Palatine Hill where one can obtain
a rapid and gneral
to enter the Colosseum and to see
the Arch of Constantine and the
| Temple of Castor and Pallus. The
Mussolini Museum, only recently in-
| Castle of St. Angelo—St. Peter's,
|The Pantheon and The Vatican are
acres and 142,203 so well known that a description is
Syperfucus, Some of the most fa-
dei
| degli Arrozzi of Raphael and the
| Geographic
Geogra gallery—one reach
the prin fe
‘work of Michael
be
seen. The ie pelo, may the
| most magnificent of the whole Vati-
‘can.
| Out of Rome's three hundred
churches, one of the most interest-
is the Church of St. Peter in
Chains. The Borghese Palace with
it's lovely gardens of trees and flow-
(ers surrounded by oak and ilen-
| trees is one of the show places of
Rome, It was here the lovely
Pauline Bonaparte, sister of Napoleon
the Great, lived and it is here where
{her statue now may be seen—the
| work of the celebrated Canova. The
Catacombs and Church of the Cap-
puccini were very interesting,
though the Catacombs had been
nuded of their skeletons, the
having been sealed in large
and distributed amo the various
churches in Rome. e Cappuccini
contains the ©ones of some 4000
Capucine monks and saints and is
bones
wins
rooms and passage ways decorated
with row upon row of grinnin
skulls—even the electric light fix-
‘tures are composed of bones.
An interesting drive was made
over the famous Appian Way out to
the wonderful
Tivoli and Frascati.
St. Mary
one of the most
idea of the an-
cient city. One must descend to see
the Forum and Arch of Titus and P
de- |
very grotesque. There are numerous |
suburban villages of
FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN.
DAILY THOUGHT
Every noble life leaves the fibre of it
| interwoven forever in the works of the
| world.
Perhaps the first thing to think
about in a Washington's
birthday dinner is the color scheme
—red, white and blue. There are
practically no blue things to eat,
white ones are too common, and all
the red ones have been used over
and over again for Chirstmas, New
Year's, Lincoln's Birthday and Val-
entine’s Day.
When the family comes to the
table they may be agreeably sur-
prisd to find the table boquet has
taken on patriotic colors. For a
small sum you may make a red,
white and blue bouquet of artificial
flowers and leaves.
You might use bachelor’s buttons,
blue bells or larkspur for the blue.
Red leaves, roses or dahlias for the
red and one of any number of
white flowers. The blue and the
bright shades of red that you want
will be hardest to find. You don't
want a dull red. But the blue
flowers are so few that you will
have to be a little less particular
about them.
Then get some little nut cups.
You will be able to find plenty at a
very reasonable price—George Wash-
ington hats, or little cups decorated
with red cherries or hatchets,
Start your dinner with a fruit cup
or red cherries—just as a remind-
er that Washington and cherries
are to be thought of together—
With such a starter let your menu
read something like this. Red cher-
ry fruit cup, roast beef, mashed tur-
nips, mashed potatoes; fort and
flag salad, gelatine dessert; coffee,
tea or chocolate.
The main course is composed of
good cldtime dishes which George
himself might have enjoyed. The
salad is no more than a fort made
of cheese straws and filled with
vegetable salad. It flies the Ameri-
can flag. And the only thing which
the gelatine pudding from
changes
the most ordinary dessert in the
world is a small picture of Wash-
ington himself, stuck on a tooth-
pick and used as a decoration.
Here are the recipes for the din-
ner.
Three pounds rump roast of beef,
3 tablespoons flour, 1 teaspoon salt
and 4 cup water.
Heat the roaster well.
meat with the flour and brown on
all sides in the hot roaster. Sprinkle
with salt and add the water. Cover
tightly and roast in a moderate
| oven, allowing about 20 minutes to
the pound. Use the drippings for
gravy.
Prepare the mashed potatoes ana
mashed turnips in the usual way,
Six cheese straws per person, 3
pickles,
tablespoons green pepper, 1 stalk
celery and 1 canned pimento.
Cut the ingredients (execept the
cheese straws) into small pieces. Mix
with either ma
rail-fence style. Fill the center with
the vegetables and set up the
‘in the center.
For ease and comfort use a com-
mercially prepared gelatin to which |
you merely add boiling water. When
in small pieces or any canned fruit.
Serve with or without whipped or
plain cream. Stick the tooothpick
with the picture of Washington in
the middle of each dessert as it is
served.
—The earliest openings show no
change in hemlines except that they
are slightly shorter for sport. Less
tweed is seen, but many woolens
are shown, finely plaided or mark-
ed with a herringbone pattern.
| Stripes are introduced on the bias or
chevron style,
An enormous amount of green of
every shade is shown, also darkish
browns trimmed with palest blue,
green or cream. Full-length dresses
or blouses and skirts are seen for
sports, but there are very few
sweaters. The blouses from
lingerie linen to a loose, shetland-
like knit, Box and flat-pleated skirts
redominate. Much pique is used for
‘trims for sports and wear
O'Rossen morning
| fine mannish woolens, with blouses
‘of silk faconne, plaid, shirting
chiffon or georgette
Venetian lace or embroidery an-
| glaise.
Afternoon ensembles jraquently
contrast, showing a light dress
a dark coat, or vice versa. A new
{dull satin called peau d’ange is much
lem ed, especially for afternoon
shaped and
i usually narrow-belted. Many
'fan pleatings mark skirts, also
flounces and gentle fullness inset in-
|to them. Many short sleeves are
| seen,
Crepe marocain, crepe de chine,
| flamenga and the new silk and wool
shantung-like weaves are popular.
| In colors, less black and more navy
|is used, with negre, greens,
| blues, beige and very pale
'also favored. Burnt orange is used
| with tennis rigs, and for trimming
| white; also large red or white coin
i
i .
| Lingerie trims are seen on allday
| dresses. Many organdie sets
embroidered with tiny white beads.
| Patterned silks show orderly
signs.
| If you rub a bit of dry soap
| across the new spool of silk you
| will not be bothered by having the
silk unwind too quickly when thread
ed into the machine.
| —Two coats of oil and wax, with
| no filler or varnish, is an excellent
' method of finishing oak flooring. It
| has an appearance distinctly differ-
| ent from the standard filler and var-
{nish job. A choice between the
two is practically a matter of taste.
bn i do
Rub the
19 olives, 2 tomatoes, 2 gro
or French
dressing. Make the fort on the salad
plate by laying the cheese straws
| duction, prevents lameness
flag
' oil is essential to hens that
congested stir in a bit of
fruit—sliced bananas or oranges cut
to be the most beautiful building in’
Europe, the Uffizs Gallery and old
suits are in
, plaid
inlaid with
light
pastels |
de.
FARM NOTES
—Records kept on
aD
t osts
a year to keep a matured brood sow
present conditions. On asix
month basis the custs are divided
;
as follows: feeding, labor
| $4.55, bedding 42 cents, breeding
‘fees $2, pasture $2.35, depreciation
‘on buildings and equipment 40 cents,
interest $2.88. This makes a
$36.66 for the six months
for the year.
Be oe 55 pigs
ture w
litter are this
only 40 per cent of the sows
two litters per year, This
about eight pigs a year at a cost
ot $9 each, which is a losing prop-
osition.
Since the cost per pig at weaning
time depends on the number of pigs
raised in the litter it is important
58
HE
cold weather, when this type of
heat did not warm up the space in
the house away from the brooder.
Like electric incubators, brooders
heated by electricity are clean, easy
to regulate and very convelhilent.
Individual farm t plants ex-
tend the advantage of this electrical
equipment to farms which are not
located on an electric “high line.”
Because many farm plants are
equipped with both generator and
battery power, the supply of current
for the incubator or brooder is con-
stant and reliable.
—A form of shelter for turkeys
which has proven very satisfactory
when it is necessary to construct
shelter, is the open shed of the
machinery shed type. One end can
be closed at the front and the roosts
placed in that end, so that they
will always be protected from wind
and storm. This of structure
affords excellent ventilation, ample
room for exercise, and all the pro-
tection that is necessary. Another
advantage of this type is the fact
that the shed can be used for
sheltering small machinery in the
summer.
—Check the laying house and see
that everything is in
preparation
for winter. How is the roof? Wa-
ter from above will make a damp
house this winter, A damp house
may subject the birds to disease.
Close the rear ventilators.
From a sanitation standpoint it
is far better to place all grain and
mash for chicks in hoppers or boxes
than in litter or on the bare fifthly
be s easily
comes in contact with fifthy litter
or ground.
Cod liver oil is an important item
in winter rations for poultry be-
cause it helps to maintain og pro-
helps
them to lay strong shelled eggs. It
contains vitamin A and D which
ty and disease resistance. Cod liver
are
closely housed during winter. Vita-
min in the oil is a substitute for
direct sunlight, Therefore its use
is most desirable during winter.
—-Goose eggs usually require about
30 days for incubation, but the
hatching may occur any time from
the 28th to the 33rd day, amd it
may take longer. The eggs in the
same nest may hatch unevenly and
it often pays to remove the first
goslings hatched and keep them in
a box near the stove until the hatch
is completed. This avoids losing
some of the goslings in the eggs
that hatch slowly by keeping
hen or goose from leaving the nest
too soon.
—Salt is essential to dariy cows
and they should have access to it
daily. The a uirement is
about three- an ounce
‘daily per, 1,000 pounds of live weight
with an additional three-fourths of
an ounce required for each 20 pounds
of milk produced. Cows may be al-
lowed free access to salt or it may
be mixed with the grain feed. One
of the most practical and satisfac-
plans ds to mix it with the
in the proportion of one pound
100 pounds of the grain
grain
for each
- mixture.
Ice cream production continued
| to increase last and reacheda
| grand total of
‘as compared with Sas 4s 000 gu
lons in 1928, according to the t-
ed States t of Agricul-
ture. Inasmuch ay imports and ex-
ports of ice cream are negligible, all
of the production is assumed to
have been consumed. On this basis,
the consumption per person last year
was three gallons, Ten years ago,
the per capita consumption was &
little more than two gallons.
—It is not the lack of exercise
| directly that causes trouble in win-
tering b geese. Exercise is
probably sl y beneficial, but lack
of it does not entirely account for
lowered vitality, health and fertili-
ty. The common feeds for winter-
| the ground is bare or nearly so they
‘will supplement such a ration by
| means of dead and partly
| dead, and hay leaves and stems if
| allowed arovnd the barns and feed-
|1ots. Given no chance at legume
| hay, they will strip off and eat the
more tender leaves of corn fodder.
| (Geese are normally foraging fowls
| making the bulk of growth and gain
from grass and other green feed.
4 -
i
I Jf a window ig put in a closet
there is no musty, dusty smell;
clothes are easily distinguished and
the contents cf the closet are much