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Peworraiic Watch
~ Bellefonte, Pa., May 30, 1930.
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: HOW
NATURE PROVIDES PLANTS
WITH ORGANIC MATTER.—
ts the water contained in
g plants and the substances
lved in it. All active plant
have more or less water
in thelr protoplasm, and when 3
there is a surplus it is in the X
form of drops or masses in cav-
jties (vacuoles) in the proto- 3
plasm. Intercellular spaces and
the cavities of inactive internal
cells also may contain water,
holding various substances in
solution. In terrestrial plants
this water is absorbed by the
roots from the water of the soll,
E and carries with it the sub-
x stances dissolved in it. In the
plant it is absorbed from cell to
¥ cell, suffering in each a loss of
such substances as are appropri-
ated by the protoplasm and gain-
ing such as are soluble. It thus
contains many substances, some
Y of which are organic, as sugar,
% inulin, etc, and others inorg-
¥ anic, as salts of lime, potash,
ete. By puncturing (as in the
% maple), crushing (as in the
# cane), or slicing and diffusion X
¥ (as in the sugar beet), the sap
% is obtained in large quantities, X
and on each evaporation yields i
ASH OHOHH
dai
PD
ORO
Ae he AL he he A FOR CH ER
much sugar, with many other
substances.
PAL he phe ah ie Ae pi A a HHH HH AER ASA
How Tracks of Running
Rabbit Deceive the Eye
The triangle formed by the tracks
of a rabbit in the snow points in the
opposite direction from which the ani-
mal was running, says an article in
Pathfinder magazine. When a rabbit
runs it touches the ground with both
small front feet close together and
then strikes with the two large hind
feet apart and ahead of the front feet,
forming the base of the triangle with
the hind feet and the apex with the
front ones.
In other words, the hind feet strike
the ground last and leave it last with
each leap, but they strike far ahead
of the front feet, consequently the
two foremost and most widely sepa-
rated tracks are made by the hind
feet not by the front feet as 80 often
supposed. Unless one understands the
relative position of the feet while the
rabbit is in motion it is sometimes
hard to tell by its tracks which way
it has run, because the feet are s0
covered with hair that often the toes
do not show in the track.
How Turkey Is Modernizing
Turkey's isolated Anatolian capital |
has drawn nearer to Europe with the |
opening of the first direct rail con-
nections between London and Angora,
established by the continuation of the
famous Simplon Express from its for-
mer terminus at Constantinople to
Angora. Passengers from London and
other European centers bound for An-
gora are transported across the Bos-
phorus by Turkish ferries, pending
fruition of ambitious plans for the
construction of a tunnel or a suspen-
sion bridge to link the Asiatic and Eu-
ropean shores. This new linking of
Angora with the Occident is regarded
in Turkey as another feather in the
new Turkey's Europeanized cap. The '
fact that the Simplon Express will |
shorten the Angora-Constantinople run
by four hours is heralded as a means
of tightening the bonds between the
nation’s former and present capitais.
How Radio Does Cooking i
A bulletin of the General Electric |
company in describing a new high- |
freqnency radio tube, says: “Among
the stunts demonstrated with the high-
frequency apparatus was radie CO0k-
ing. A wire was suspended over a table
at some distance from the radiating '
aerial and parallel to it. A sausage
placed in a glass tube was hung from
the end of this receiving aerial, and in '
a few minutes it began to steam. On
being removed it was found to have
been beautifully cooked by the high-
frequency currents induced in it, al-
though no flames or other visible
means of heating were applied. A |
fryless fried egg was also prepared
in the glass tube and served hot to
the spectators. An apple was impaled '
upon the end of the receiving aerial
and in a short time was thoroughly
baked.”
How “Nigger” Came Into Use
The derivation of the name from the
Latin “niger” meaning “black” is cor-
rect. Ethnologists refer to all dark-
skinned races of the world as Negroids
while the name Negro is reserved for
tribes found in Africa south of the Sa-
bara and for their descendants in
America. Even in Africa there are
many peoples of Caucasian and mixed
race.—Kansas City Times,
|
How Miners Are Safeguarded
Through the efforts of the United !
States bureau of mines more than
250,000 men in the mining, ofl and
gas and steel industries have been |
trained in first-aid and rescue work.
This army safeguards approximately |
2,000,000 people actively engaged in |
the fields in question.
How Limelight Is Formed
Limelight 1s produced by the incan-
descence of a stick or ball of lime in |
the flame of a combination of oxygen
and hydrogen gases and coal gas. i
. resented by the sacred sticks.
| chose the name she believed to be
meen Ee
INDIANS REVIVE
~ TRIBAL CUSTOM
Osages Observe Old Relig-
fous Ceremony in Nam-
ing Baby.
Pawhuska, Okla.—A child-naming
ceremonial recently observed at an
Osage Indian settlement near Gray
Horse, Okla, was a deeply religious
event, which perhaps will not be re
peated many more times. There now
remain less than 800 full-blooded
members of a tribe that came to Okls-
homa 56 years ago 4,000 strong.
It is very seldom that the eyes of
a white man are permitted to view
one of these symbolical affairs. The
full-blooded baby came through the
ceremony smiling. Its hair had been
cut after a prescribed fashion, imply-
ing a permit to the Great Spirit that
it should live to see old age without
obstruction of any kind; in fact, the
head was shaved except for a fringe
around the lower edges.
The sun was traveling downward in
the afternoon when the chief medicine
mixer received a call from Baby Wa’s |
copper-colored daddy that he pos- |
sessed sufficient blankets for gifts to
pass around the circle. At sunrise on
the day following h recital of the |
Taking of Life Symbols was given
before a large assemblage of full-
blooded Indians at the home of Baby
Wa's parents. The medicine chief,
after chanting the symbols, proceeded
to decorate himself from a paint pot
with sacred colors, fastened to his
scalp lock a red feather and wrapped
himeelf in a radiant-hued blanket.
Symbolic Articles Used.
Father and mother of the child to
be given a name were seated in the
east end of their great frame home,
the chief medicine man and his dozen
or more helpers sat on the south side,
and visiting clansmen were seated on
the north side. When all had settled
to their proper places and the center
of the room was a great hollow square,
symbolical articles to be used in the
ceremony were passed around. These
consisted of cedar fronds or branches,
a bowl of mashed corn and bowl of
water. The medicine men then began
chanting what they termed the wigie.
a translation being: “You will give
heed to see what can be done. Even
as these words are being spoken to
the first division of heaven, the mes-
senger verily descended, where the
little ones have not yet become peo-
ple.”
After this sing-song,
an hour, the baby was given over to
the head medicine chief, who, in turn,
passed him to six lesser chiefs, and
then returned him to their leader, whe
dipped the tips of .his fingers into a
bowl of water in which had been
placed sacred paint and red cedar
fronds.
The head chief then gently touchea
the lips, head, arms and body of the
little one. This act was an appeal to
erant health and strength that the
child would grow to old age without
interruption by disease.
Six Chiefs Participate.
Then the baby was turned over to
the head of another medicine clan,
whe touched the head, arms, lips and
body of the child with pounded corn;
an act of appeal that the child would
not suffer for lack of food during life.
After each of the six chiefs of as
| many medicine clans had handled the
child in the same manner, the head of
the medicine clan brought the mother
forward and placed in her hands two
little willow sticks, each of which rep-
| sentented a sacred name. She was re
quested to take one of the names rep-
She
most euphonious and religious in its’
significance. This closed the cere
mony and Wa-shta-ge-was then was
a real Indian personage, a clansman
and perhaps some day he may become
a chieftain.
. Curious Prelate Finds
What Pope Talked About
Vatican City.—Great curiosity was
shown in the Vatican by the ‘prelates
and functionaries of the papal court
after the visit of Sig. Turati, secre-
tary of the Fascist party, to his holi-
ness.
The long conversation lasting an
hour and a quarter provoked various
comments in the Vatican.
One high Vatican prelate, unable
‘to contain his curiosity any longer,
asked what had been the subject of
. the conversation.
Pius XI said quietly: “Well, mon-
signore, if you really want to know,
we talked about the fine weather we
which lastea
SCIENCE ACCOUNTS FOR
PERIODS OF HURRICANE.—
Since hurricanes are formed
by the interaction of heat, and
atmospheric pressure, the sum-
mer months and those of early
autumn, when the cumulative
effects of the summer sun are
still to be felt, are naturally the
periods of greatest hurricane oc-
currence, :
Porto Rico has not experi-
enced a hurricane in June dur-
ing the last forty years, as shown
by a study by the United States
weather bureau. Only one or two
have occurred in July. In Au-
gust, September and October,
however, the island has repeat-
edly suffered in varying degrees
from these destructive storms.
The latest West Indian hur-
ricane, like most of these mid-
season storms, apparently origi-
nated east of the easternmost
islands of the West Indies. It
struck about midway of the
Lesser Antilles, causing dam-
age in the French island of Mar-
tiniqgue, and probably in the.
neighboring British island of
Dominica and the French Gua-
deloupe. It was then reported
in the Virgin islands, dependen-
cles of the United States. Only
a few hours later its full force
struck San Juan at the eastern
tip of Porto Rico.—National
Geographic Society Bulletin.
How Lowered Flag Came
to Be Mourning Token
Half-masting the national flag in
token of mourning originated on the
sea, as the use of the term “mast” in.
stead of “staff” indicates. “Hoise your
Sailes half mast high,” said Captain
Smith in his “Seaman’s Grammar,”
published in 1627. The custom dates
back several centuries and probably
grew out of the earlier custom of
lowering the flag on vessels at sea a8
a sign of submission. The flag is also
lowered to half mast as a signal of
distress, a practice followed by the
Spanish as early as the Seventeenth
century. According to flag etiquette,
when a national flag is placed at half
mast as a tribute of respect to the
dead it is first raised to the top of
the staff or flag pole and then slowly
lowered to a position at or near the
middle of the staff.—Pathfinder Mag-
azine.
How Currents Differ
An alternating current is defined as
a succession of electric currents which
rise and fall in strength and flow al-
ternately in opposite directions at reg-
ular intervals. The currents or ime
pulses vary in intensity from a plus
maximum to a negative maximum, and
they are separated by points of zero
_ pressure, as distinguished from a di-
rect or continuous current. A direct
current is an electric current constant
in direction, though not necessarily so
in value, It travels in one direction
along a conductor, and if this con-
ductor joins the terminals of a source
of energy such as dynamo, the current
is said to flow from the positive pole
to the machine along the conductor to
the negative pole. While it is usually
more economical to transmit electricity
in the form of A. C.,, it is often more
conveniently utilized in the form of
D. O, and to transform the current
from one form to the other a converte
er or transformer is employed.
How Radio Waves Spread Death
Victory over one of man’s most dane
gerous and destructive enemies, the
insect, and an important new use for
radio are promised as a result of in-
teresting tests with high-frequency
radio waves at the New Jersey agri-
cultural experiment station, says Pop-
ular Mechanics Magazine. Investiga-
tors found that such waves killed cock-
roaches, beetles, house flies and other
insects in short order. The invisible
impulses, emitted on a wave-length of
about 24 meters and with a frequency
of nearly 12,000,000 cycles a second,
developed heat of a deadly degree
within the bodies of the insects, pro-
ducing death in a short time.
How Tuberculosis Is Fought
There are 1,454 formally organized
state and local tuberculosis associa-
tions in the United States. Each is
interested in the prevention and treat-
: ment of tuberculosis. The organia-
have been having, and the bad weath.
er, too!”
. Builds Up Business
on Discarded Socks
East St. Louis, Ill.—Socks,
dirty socks, faded socks, socks
with holes or any other kind of
gocks is the foundation upon
which Mrs. Lillian Summers,
sixty-five-year-old widow of this
city, has built her rug manu-
facturing business.
During the several years
which Mrs. Summers sat in the
little back room of her small
cottage manipulating an old-
fashioned loom she has beer
producing about 300 rugs a
year.
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tions affiliated with the National Tu-
berculosis association spent in 1928 at
least $6,193,376.98, the major portion
of which was secured through the sale
of Christmas seals.
How Letter Circled Globe
A letter has just finished a tour of
the world in 78 days, 1 hour and 30
minutes. It was the first letter to go
all the way round the world in the
' open mails, and got back to Seattle
two and a half months after it was
mailed.—Capper’s Weekly.
How Indians Are Identified
Navajo Indians, lacking birth cer-
tificates, are being supplied with disks
of identification similar to those worn
by soldiers, which will enable the In-
dian at any time to establish his tribal
status and protect his property rights.
How Card Game Got Name
The card game bridge has nothing
to do with a bridge over a river, but
is a corruption of the Russian word
“piritch.” In different forms, bridge
was played in Russia long before it
was adopted in this country.
-—- ——-—
FIVE EXPEDITIONS PROBE
SECRETS OF ANTARGTICA
Commander Byrd Not Alone In Delv:
ing Into Mysteries of South
Polar Regions.
New York.—While most Americans
have believed that the Byrd expedi-
tion alone has been probing the se-
erets of the Antarctic vastness during
the past year, the fact is that no few-
er than five parties, representing as
many different nations, have been in
the polar regions in that period, and
three of them are still there.
Robert BH. Garst, explaining the sig-
nificance of Antarctic exploration in
the Review of Reviews, brings out
this scarcely recognized fact that oth-
er nations than the United States have
an active interest in Antarctica, the
last unexplored continent.
Besides the Byrd expedition, that
of Sir George H. Wilkins, the Eng-
lishman, who flew over 80,000 square
miles of polar whiteness, has received
some attention in America. But three
other expeditions which are still with-
in the Antarctic circle have passed
unnoticed.
Douglas Mawson, veteran of the
‘Shackleton explorations, heading an
Australian party, is exploring the coast
of Antarctica to the south of Aus-
tralia. A Norwegian party headed by
Rilser-Larsen is surveying by plane
the region lying directly gouth of the
tip of South America. A fifth party,
sent out by Argentina, i8 now at South
Georgia island.
In spite of this activity of the past
year and that of a score of expedi-
tions that have invaded the Far South
in the past century, only a small frac-
tion, possibly one-twentieth, of Ant-
arctica has been seen by modern man.
But, unlike the wastes of frozen sea
that surround the North Pole, it has
been proven that the region is a great
continent at least half again as large
as the United States.
The urge that drives men on into
this vastness of ice covered mountains
and plains is similar to that that en-
gages a detective story reader, the
Review of Reviews article explains.
For besides studying the conditions
that create much of our weather, they
expect in time to solve what is per
haps the world’s greatest mystery—
the existence of extensive vegetation
on the vast uplands near the South
Pole thousands of years ago. Shackle:
ton brought back sufficient geological
evidence to prove that at one time
Antarctica was warm enough at least
to support a rich vegetable life. What
secrets of the early life of the world
the continent will reveal when thor
oughly explored remains for specula-
tion.
Unearth Secrets of Nature
in Old “Rip’s” Home
Cobleskill, N. Y.—If Rip Van Win-
gle had taken his little snooze in the
Hudson highlands lately, instead of
during the Revolution, he would have
had real occasion to rub his eyes on
awakening.
Man has lately been prodding at
aature in Mynherr Van Winkle's old
neighborhood, unearthing secrets at
which Rip could only make supersti-
tious guesses.
What would. Rip think, for instance,
of electric elevators, descending
through a concrete shaft, 156 feet
into the earth, into underground
chambers where a myriad of electric
lights play on the miles of stalac-
tites and stalagmites?
This is the engineering feat recent
ly completed for the pleasure of mo-
tor tourists at Howe caverns here.
Howe caverns remained unexplored
until recently, because of the extreme
inaccessibility. Increase of motor
travel in the neighborhood has led
to the construction of roads which
place the entrance to the caverns on
the main highway, forty miles west
of Albany and thirty miles southwest
of Schenectady.
Sweden’s First Talkie
Scores Huge Success
Stockholm.—Sweden’s first talking
picture, “Say It With Music,” has just
been sold to France and Belgium. It
was recently shown at Oslo, Norway,
and will soon be presented in Den-
mark and Finland. It has proved an
enormous success in Stockholm, where
it is now in its third month.
The picture was produced by the
Swedish Film Industry company, larg-
est organization of its kind in the
country, and many scenes were shot
at Raasunda, near Stockholm, which
has been called “Sweden’s Holly-
wood.”
beth Frisk, who also starred in “Peo-
ple from the Northland.” The young
Film Industry company.
Dog Obeys Voices of
Butte, Mont.—The only one who
could settle the ‘burning question
either couldn’t or wouldn't. He was
a gigantic police dog, ownership of
which both Mrs. Angela Sarta and
Fred Burgman vigorously claimed.
“Lie down, Laddie,” ordered Burg-
man.
Laddie obediently reclined.
A few minutes later: “Lie down
Rintin,” commanded Mrs. Sarta.
And Rintin immediately sprawled
on the floor.
Rintin and Laddie were one and
tne same and the question remained
| unsettled
The lead is played by Miss Bliza- |}
actress, who is perhaps the most pop-
ular screen star in Sweden today, has
just signed a new contract with the !
Two Who Claim Him |
17a
“AR pin faced with
his spring plowing,
was in need of an additional team of horses. He
inspected a number of animals offered for sale
without finding what he wanted. A neighbor,
however, telephoned him to say that he knew of
a city coal dealer who wished to dispose of sev-
eral horses. The farmer then called up the coal
man and was able to buy a pair of horses at a
most satisfactory price.
This Bank as Your Executor
A or two ago, the advisor of a widow
whose estate we are managing, came
in to inquire about her affairs.
Our Trust Officer produced his books
and showed him the record. Simple, clean-
cut, every transaction properly recorded,
showing income, investments, payments, etc.
‘He agreed that a properly managed
Bank as executor induced a feeling of confi-
dence and security not found elsewhere.
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
BELLEFONTE, PA.
Come to the “Watchman” office for High Class Job work.
See What We Have
to Offer You
Then Use Your
Own Judgment
We know the Suits we are show-
ing will certainly please you, and
when you get our prices you will
have the surprise of your life.
“Saving Our Patrons
Five to Ten Dollars
on every suit purchase. Why not
you? A visit is all that’s neces-
You will not regret it.
A. Fauble
sary.