=
Bellefonte, Pa., February 21, 1930.
sam
Your Health.
THE FIRST CONCERN.
a
Dr. Appel’s Opinion on Short Stock-
ings on Children in Winter.
“Fashion is a tyrant. Its man-
dates are explicitly obeyed through-
out the world even though pain and
eat suffering are connected with
em. For instance, today in Africa
certain tribes slit lips and insert
large wooden disks creating mon-
strosities as viewed by modern
civilization, and representing beauty
for the exponents of this painful
custom,” said Dr. Theodore B, Ap-
pel, Secretary of Health.
“Not long ago, China bound the
feet of millions of its aristocratic
girl babies to create the deformed,
mis-shapen and crippled extrem-
ities which marked their unfortu-
nate possessor as of the elect.
As late as two generations ago in
this country woman's dress reached
its highest expression of discomfort
and inconvenience; and waist con-
struction even much later than that
frequently caused pain, suffering
and actual illness—all because
fashion dictated it.
‘Fortunately today in civilized
lands fashion has become more sen-
sible. An alliance has apparently
beeri made with nature. It follows
that instead of disregarding natural
rules fashion goes along with them
to obvious benefit of every one. But
even here there are distinct limita-
tions which for many seem to have
been overlooked.
“Take, for example, the exposure
attitude of many parents with re-
spect to their young children during
the winter season. They will wrap
the child in furs from the chin
down to the knees at which point
protection ends and bare legs, being
fashionable, begin. It is all right
to argue that the children are har-
dened to such exposure. But where
is the sense of it?
“On the other hand, it is quite
safe to say that hundreds of little
people suffer actual discomfort from
such a foolish practice and in many
cases contract sore throat and colds
by this extremely illogical frigid
weather custom.
“Fashion, so far as winter is con-
cerned, will not be operating one
hundred per cent efficiently . until it
orders men, women and children
alike to dress according to the
weather rather than by the mandate
of a whim. And a good way to
make a first assault against that
whim is to put stockings on all the
Youngsters in winter time.”
Truth about Rheumatism.— Hab-
it, custom and tradition have fixed
in our minds all sorts of convictions
about things. A notable example
is the popular idea that rheumatism
is the result of exposure to the
weather. Cold and moisture are
supposed to produce the symptoms
usually called “rheumatic.”
Of course, scientific physicians no
longer hold to this belief. They rec-
ognize rheumatism as merely .the
evidence of some sort of an infec-
tion. They do not dispute that cold
and damp weather may increase the
pain, but the disease itself they re-
gard as being due to an infection.
It isn’t easy to get away from
ideas we have held all our lives. We
hate to be convinced that scarlet
fever and smallpox are not trans-
mitted through the air, but are con-
tracted only by direct physical con-
tact with the afflicted one.
Where is there a man or woman
past fifty who cannot recall running
past a neighbor's house and on the
other side of the street at that, a
house where there was a sign,
“measles” or “diphtheria?” You
even held your breath and perhaps
pinched your nose tightly so as not
to breathe in the “miasm.”
“But we are forced to accept these
“new fangled ideas about the ‘“con-
tagious” diseases. So we must re-
verse our thought about rheumatism.
We must seek some local disease,
in tonsils, teeth, or .elsewhere, to
find the real cause of this ailment.
There are various types of rheu-
matism. It may be active or
chronic; it may be muscular or in
the joints. It may be called “lum-
bago” or “stiff neck.” It has vari-
ous names, but no matter where it
1s or what form it takes the causes
are the same.
Many young children have ade-
noids and diseased tonsils. They
may be harboring dangerous germs.
Not only rheumatism, but also heart
- disease may be traced to adenoids
.and tonsils.
You should talk with your doctor
if you suspect trouble of this sort.
Early attention may spare your
¢hild all sorts of pain and inconven-
ience. Rheumatism may be headed
off and a lifetime of comfort pro-
duced by your foresight.
A mouthful of bad. teeth, "with
pussy gums and abscesses, will lay
the foundation for much distress.
If the joints or muscles are sore to
the touch, or painful, take pains to
find out what is wrong. Some re-
mote disturbance, easily corrected by
proper treatment, may be responsi-
ble for unnecessary disease.
r—— ene ————
—Serve foods which have to be
carved on platters large enough to
allow the ome who carves free
play. Never place around a roast
foods which are likely to have their
appearance spoiled in carvng, or
get in the way of the carver.
, during the middle years of the last
MONEY SPENT FOR CANALS
CAUSE OF PENNA. CRISIS |
Pennsylvania's huge investment %
unremunerative canals,
road investments, were responsible |
for the collapse of the State’s credit
century, General Edward Martin,
State Treasurer, several days ago
wrote to an inquirer.
“In Pennsylvania in 1839,” said
General Martin, “there were two
railroads which had been construct-
ed outright by the State, and were
then operated by it to the extent or
keeping up the roadway and furnish-
ing motive power, while private in-
dividuals or companies supplied the
cars used. They were the Philadel-
phia & Columbia railroad and the
Allegheny Portage railroad, which
formed important links in the main
line of railways and canals connect-
ing Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.
“The State also owned a small
amount of railroad stock. One of
the lines it aided was the Cumber-
land Valley, and another the Frank-
lin, but these outlays represented a
comparatively trivial investment, or
only a few hundred thousand dollars,
and the thirty-eight companies which
at that time had either completed or
were constructing railroad lines were
obliged to secure nearly all the capi-
tal they expended from stockholders
or creditors,
“So far as railroads were concern-
ed, there had been expended upon
their construction in Pennsylvania,
up to the end of 1839, the sum of
$18,050,450, of which $5,850,000 had
been expended by the State on its
railways; and all the remaining out-
lay, except a few hundred thousand
dollars represented by State stock
subscriptions or appropriations, had
been provided by private companies.
“Although the State railways of
Pennsylvania failed to prove profit-
able ventures to the Commonwealth,
they did not form a burden of con-
siderable magnitude, but the State's
large outlay for canals, much of
which was wholly unremunerative—
a number of the canals even failing
to pay operating expenses, were
leading influences in precipitating the
collapse of credit which resulted
from a failure to provide for the
prompt payment of interest on State
bonds. These bonus bonds declined in
price to a little more than a third
their value, At one time they were
sold at 33 cents on the dollar. As
Pennsylvania had a larger State
debt than any other State—but by
no means as large a debt in propor-
tion to population and intrinsic
wealth as some of the western and
southwestern States—her temporary
failure to meet interest obligations
was one of the most serious of many
contemporaneous shocks to Ameri-
can credit. The manly action of
Pennsylvania's citizens and Legisla-
tors, after they fully comprehended
the situation and provided an oner-
ous tax system for the payment of
the State's debts, did much to re-
store confidence in American securi-
ties. From 1844 to the present time
Pennsylvania has never defaulted in
the payment of any debt or interest.”
NURSERY YIELDS MANY
OF STATE'S TREES.
One of the most productive nurser-
ies in Pennsylvania is located along
the Northumberland-Milton road, be-
yond the Chillisquaque viaduct, and
which is operated under the direc-
tion of the State Highway depart-
ment.
Until the past few months, this
large nursery had been under the
supervision of the State Forests and
Waters department. When the pro-
gram for road expansion and the
plans to beautify State highways was
introduced, application was made to
have the nursery transferred from
the forestry department to the high-
way department and this was grant-
ed.
Now the nursery’s products are be-
ing transplanted to various parts of
the State along main roads. Figures
released show that 6067 of the shade
and ornamental trees planted along
roads during the fall were raised at
the Chillisquaque nursery.
Honeysuckle, rose bushes, red pine,
Norway spruce, Japanese larch, Col-
orado blue spruce and many other
kinds of trees and plants are raised
at the nursery and transplanted
along the roads.
The honeysuckle vine is particu-
larly useful in that it chokes the
weed growth and also prevents dirt
from sliding on the road where the
banks are of a sloping nature.
Some 2,000,000 trees 3 years old
will be shipped out of the nursery to
the forestry department by May 1
marking the final consignment for
that devartment. Nurseries in other
parts of Pennsylvania will continue
to supply the needs for the forestry
department while the Chillisquaque
establishment will raise its products
for the highway department.
U. S. POPULATION
IS NEAR 122 MILLIONS.
Popoulation of the United States,
officially estimated, was 121,951,856.
It was just that at 10:45 a. m., a
few days ago, according to the im-
migration bureau.
What it is at this minute can be
figured out under this immigration
bureau formula:
There is one birth every thirteen
seconds, one death every twenty-
three seconds. One immigrant en-
ters the country every 11% minutes
while one immigrant leaves every
five minutes.
This was learned by Chairman
Johnson of the House of Immigra-
tion Committee during the hearing on
bills to restrict Western Hemisphere
immigration.
Pepping Up Longfellow
The shades of night were falling
fast.
The guy stepped on it and rushed
past,
| spread rapidly over the country.
THE PROS AND CONS
OF THE STARLING
recalled that the
It will be
discussion among its readers, sever-
al years ago, when it asked some of
them for enlightenment on a bird
strange to this community that had
just made its appearance in this
section.
It turned out to be the European
starling and has multiplied very
rapidly since.
The bird has beyona question |
established itself as a naturalized
bird citizen, not only of Pennsylvania
but of practically the entire United
States, during recent years. Since
1890 when the first birds were
released in Central Park, New York
city, the tribe has increased and
now occurs from the Atlantic coast
to the Mississippi river, but within
this range it is unevenly distributed
and in sections where it is a per-
manent resident, there are many
localities where it is still unknown.
The growing abundance of the birds
has caused much anxiety and its
activities have resulted in many
complaints,
Extensive investigations have been
carried on by the Bureau of Biolog-
ical Survey, Washington, D. C., as
well as research departments in
other States. The Pennsylvania
State Game Commission also took
active part in these investigations.
While the studies have shown, that
generally the species have not de-
veloped destructive food habits that
characterize it in many parts of
Europe, and it is not strictly a baa
citizen from the food habit stand-
point, yet at the same time criticism
has been directed against the birds
for their habit of choosing nesting
sites established by much more de-
sirable species. Starlings nest in
holes in trees, telephone poles, bird
boxes and any available crevice
about buildings. They seem to
covet principally the nesting cavity
of the flicker, and have oftimes been
seen driving these birds from their
homes. They are very pugnacious
in disposition and drive away many
other birds; they also fight among
themselves. The starling is a great
mimic and often imitates the songs
of such birds as the wood pewee,
bob-white, and other well known
birds. Its loud clear whistle has
made many a person turn around
to see who was calling them. Star-
lings congregate in large flocks ex-
cept during the nesting season. In
winter both the upper and under
parts of the birds are spotted with
whitish or creamy buff and the bill
is brown, not yellow as in spring
and summer. The birds do not hop
but walk on the ground.
Starlings are not protected
Pennsylvania, and may be killed at
any time of the year under a resi-
dent hunter’s license.
————— reese.
SUBMARINES
The speed of a submarine is meas-
ured in two ways, one by a log or
speed indicator. This consists of a
tube passing through the bottom of
the vessel and extending several
inches below, the lower end of the
tube is closed, but an opening in the
forward side gives admittance to
water, as the ship moves ahead
pressure due to her speed is com-
municated to the column of water in
the tube where it is added to the
pressure due to the “head of water”
outside (the weight of the water to
the water line), with the result that
the water in the tube rises to a
height that corresponds to the speed,
and which is thus a measure of the
speed. Inside the tube is a float at-
tached.to a chain which passes over
a sprocket wheel, connected through
a suitable gearing to a pointer that
shows the speed. The other is a
revolution counter attached to the
engines. This shows the number of
turns that the propellor is making
and from this they get the speed al-
so. While running on the surface
ship. This consists of a dial on the
railing at the stern of the vessel, a
small heavy flywheel, to keep the de-
vice running as steadily as possible,
a long line to the end of which is
connected a propellor, this speed on
the dial through the line that is at-
tached to.
In submerging a submarine goes
down and forward. Water is admit.
ted to ballast tanks to overcome the
buoyancy of the vessel, while for-
ward diving planes or hydroplanes
are fitted, these are operated by elec-
tricity. As the buoyancy is over-
come these planes which are hori-
zontal rudders, are set to steer the
ship downward a little, so she will
sink by loss of buoyancy and go un-
der by the forward motion being
steered downward by the diving
planes or hydroplanes.
If there should be a breakdown of
machinery on a submarine, causing
stoppage of all machinery the water
in the ballast tanks could be blown
out by an emergency air storage of
about 3,000 pounds to the square
inch. This would cause the vessel
to come to the top, This is provid-
ing that the hull was not pierced, the
inrush of water might prevent the
proper connection for the above be-
ing reached or if any quantity of
salt water reached the storage bat-
teries, chlorine gas would be releas-
ed. This would probably overcome
the crew, if the doors to the battery
room could not be closed quickly
enough. In these cases the vessel
would of course sink.
THE MOTHER OF INVENTION
Pioneers who named Pennsylvania
towns frequently found it necessary
to resort to numbers, Commissioner
Benjamin G. Eynon discovers upon
examining records in the Bureau of
Motor Vehicles. Among the thous-
ands of small towns in Pennsylvania
are Two Lick, Two Taverns, Three
Runs, Three Springs, Five Locks, Five
Forks, Five Mile, Five Points, Six
Mile House, Six Mile Run, Seven
Bridges, Sevenpoints, Seven Stars,
Seven Valleys, Ninepoints, Tenmils,
A crash—he died without a sound.
They opened up his head and found
' Seventy-six and Ei
—Excelsior!
Tenmile Bottom, Ten Mile Junction,
Thirteen Mile pang. Forty Fort,
ghty-four.
not its rail- , “Watchman” brought about quite a mon minerals
in |
— en
NEW ROAD MATERIAL
CHEAPER THAN CONCRETE
Use for another one of the com-
found throughout
Pennsylvania has been discovered at
the Pennsylvania State College, it
was revealed when Professor Joseph
B. Shaw, head of the ceramics de-
partment of the School of Mineral
i Industries there, explained his new
method of manufacturing burnt clay
products before the American ceram-
‘ic Society in Toronto this week.
This new process, by means of
which the Penn State ceramist ex-
pects to make road paving in slabs
eight by twenty feet, or to stamp
out sides of small houses in single
pieces, completely reverses the usual
clay products manufacturing pro-
cesses. Instead of forming the object
first and then firing it, Professor
' Shaw fires the clay first, and then
presses or rolls it into shape. The
product is then sent through an an-
nealing furnace to eliminate strains,
thus preventing cracking or warp-
ing.
This is the method which Profes-
sor Shaw demonstrated may make
use of cyanite, a commonly found
mineral in this State which has the
chemical composition to make the
finest kind of fire bricks, but which
has defied all efforts to employ it due
to its peculiar physical properties.
Firing the material before it is shap-
ed solves the problem, the scientist
said.
By changing the details of firing
the clay so as to exclude oxygen, a
well understood ceramic detail, Pro-
fessor Shaw also produced bricks of
light weight and high insulating
properties.
Into all three of these materials,
he pointed out, the new way of
handling clay permits the incorpora-
tion of reinforcing iron, which it
was impossible to do previously as
the heat of firing the clay burned up
the iron.
The investigation which led to
these results was started at the re-
quest of W. B. Pine, United States
Senator from Oklahoma, for a road
building material “harder than con-
crete and cheaper than macadam.”
The laboratory tests indicate that
these conditions have heen more
than fulfilled.
eee fA eee
INCOME TAX IN A NUTSHFLL
Who? Single persons who had
net income of $1500 or nore or gross
income of $5000 or more, and mar-
ried couples who had net income of
$3500 or more or gross incofne of
$5000 or more must file returns.
When? The filing period ends
March 15, 1930.
Where? Collector of int2rnal rev-
enue for the district in which the
person lives and has his principal
place of business.
How ? Instructions on Forms
1040A and 1040.
What? One-half of 1 per ceat.
normal tax on first $4000 in excess
of personal exemption and credits.
Two per cent. normal tax on the
next $4000. Four per cent. normal
tax on the balance of net income.
Surtax on net income in excess of
$10,000.
Failure to receive a form does not
relieve a taxpayer of his obligation
to file an income tax return and pay
his income tax within the period
prescribed—on or before March 15,
1930, if the return is filed on the
calendar basis, as is true with most
individuals. Forms may he obtained
upon request, written or personal,
from the offices of coilectors and
deputy collectors of internal revenue.
The tax may be paid in full or in
quarterly installments, due on or be-
fore March 15, June 15, Sent. 15, and
Dec. 15.
Persons whose net income for
1929 was derived chiefly from salary
or wages and was not in excess »f
$5000 should make their returns on
Form 1040A. Persons whose nst in-
come was derived from 1 business
or profession, including farming, or
from the sale or rent of property,
although the amount was less than
$5000, are required to use the larger
Form 1040. The use of Form 1040
also is required in the case where
the net income was in excess of §5,-
000, regardless of whether from sal-
ary, business, profession, or other
sources.
The filing period ends at midnight
March 15, 1930. The returns should
be filed with the collector of internal
revenue for the district in which the
taxpayer lives or has his principal
place of business.
REAL ESTATE TRANSFERS.
Emma L. Rapp Regina A, Rapp,
et al, tract in llefonte; $1.
Thomas Champ, Admr., to Alex-
ander Morrison, et ux, tract in
Philipsburg; $1600.
Anchor Silk Throwing Co. to B.
Holdren, Trustee, tract in Philips-
burg; $1.
H. BE. Dunlap, sheriff, to Citizens
Building & Loan Association, tract
in Philipsburg; $360.
George W. Solt, ¢t ux, to Oliver
Gehret, et al tract in Burnside
Twp.; $50.
A. S. Stover, et ux, to George E.
Stover, et ux, tract in Haines Twp.;
$1.
John L. Holmes, et al, to G. D.
Morrison, et ux, tract in State Col-
lege; $1.
H. P. Schaeffer, et ux, to Eme-
line 8S. Kustaubauter, et ux, tract
in Benner Twp.; $1.
Lemuel C. Zindel
Harry W. Shive, et ux, tract in
Snow Shoe; $1900.
Perry J. Hall, et ux, to Adda
Hall, et bar, tractin Union Twp.; $1.
. John E. Jordan, et ux, to Reiber
Realty Co,, tract in Patton Twp.;
$1.
Margaret Carrol,
W. Markle, tract
$1,000.
H. E. Dunlap, sheriff, to 8. Cora
Stover, tract in Union Twp.; $500.
et bar, to R.
in Bellefonte;
Arthur P. Honess, et ux, to
Clinton L. Harris, tract in State
College; $1.
et ux, to}
FEED
per 1001lb
Quaker Chick Starter ......... 4.50
Quaker scratch feed ............ 2.40
Quaker Full-O-Pep egg mash 3.50
Quaker 209% dairy ration........ 2,50
Quaker 249, dairy ration........ 2.65
Quaker calf meal..................... 4.50
Quaker sugared Schumacker.. 2.30
Wayne All Mash Starter ... 4.00
Wayne Calf Meal... 4.25
Wayne 329, dairy ration....... 2.80
Wayne 249, dairy ration... 2.55 |
Wayne 209, dairy ration... 2.50
Wayne egg mash... 3.25
Wayne 189 3.00
Wayne 289, 3.25
Ryde’s calf meal.............. 5.00
Bran [ewe ao tote 1.80
A. middlings .... 2.30
B. middlings 2.00
Corn and Oats Chop 2.00
Cracked corn .................. 2.25
Corn CHOP .....0 io usin 2.25
Flax meal .....s..........coc000innee 2.40
Linseed oil meal ........... 3.00
Cotton seed meal ........... 2.70
Gluten feed 2.50
Alfalfa. meal 2.25
Beef scrap or meat meal........ 4.00
Hog fankage ..... ........ 2.70
Oyster shells ... 1.00
Mica spar grit. 1.50
Stock salt .............. 1.00
Common Fine Salt 1.25
Quaker oat meal..................... 3.25
Menhaden 55% fish meal........ 4.00
Bone meal 3.25
Charcoal... oun 3.00
Dried buttermile ..... ........ 9.50
Dried skiny mille .................. 9.00
Pratt’s poultry worm powder... 10.00
Pratt’s poultry regulator... 9.00
Cod Liver Oil cans gal... 1.80
Cod Liver Oil bulk gal... 1.30
Orders for one ton or more de-
livered without extra charge.
We make no charge for mixing
your rations.
Your orders will be appreciated and
|
have our careful attention.
A. F. HOCKMAN
Feed store—23 West Bishop Street
Phone 93-J
Mill—Hecla Park, Pa. ’PhOne 2324
76-2tf.
Employers,
This Interests You
The Workman's Compensation
Law went into effect Jan, 1,
1916. It makes insurance com-
pulsory. We gpecialize in plac-
ing such insurance, We inspect
Plants and recommend Accident
Prevention Safe Guards which
Reduce Insurance rates,
It will be to your interest to
consult us before placing your
Insurance,
JOHN F. GRAY & SON
State College Bellefonte
ever stumble on
dark cellar steps
..plenty of light
from the right
size bulb is the
best accident
insurance you
can take out . .
WEST
PERN
POWER CO
:
\ BETTER LIGHT
means
| SAFER STAIRS
'
' CHICHESTER S PIL
THE DIAMOND BRAND,
a gL
r
| Pills in Red and Gold metallic
hors, Sola Sih Lue Bitton,
0 ther.
PrasElt "Ask tor OILL.ONES
DIAMOND BRAND PILLS,
NT known as Best, Safest, Always R
BY DRUGGISTS EVERYW,
——=Subscribe for the Watchn
A
STOCKMAN near Hunt-
ingdon, Pennsylvania,
was breaking a pair of young mules. As he was
hitching one of the animals to a heavy stone-
wagon it broke away, terrified by the clanking
chain traces.
Hasty telephone calls
to neighbors led to its dis-
covery, three miles distant, entangled in its har-
ness and a wire fence. Quick action saved the
mule from serious injury,
30 years in
SERVICE OUR SPECIALTY
COMFORT GUARANTEED
Baney’s Shoe Store
WILBUR H. BANEY, Proprietor
the Business
BUSH ARCADE BLOCK
BELLEFONTE,
PA.
SPECIAL ORDERS SOLICITED
SELECTING YOUR MEATS
When you enter our butche
shop be sure to scan our displa
of choice cuts leisurely befor
you make your selections. 1
there is anything out of the o
dinary that you want and it i
not displayed you may be sur
we have it in our refrigerato:
so please ask for it, We carr
all the choice meats that are i
season. We solicit your patror
age.
Telephone 687
Market on the Diamond
Bellefonte, Penna.
P. L. Beezer Estate.....Meat Marke
34-34