FLOATING ISLANDS FOR
AIRPLANES CROSSING OCEAN
The twenty years which have fol-
lowed Louis Bleriot’s daring flight
across the English channel in a frail
monoplane, on July 25, 1909, have
seen the aeroplane grow from a toy
to a proven vehicle of commercial
| transport. Bleriot in an exclusive in-
terview, predicted that long before
the next span of 20 years is past,
mail planes will hop off alomst hour-
ly from Paris for New York flying
along a lane of floating islands like
stepping stones across the Atlantic.
France and England feted Bleriot
in celebration of his Bisons Sigul,
tain the forerunner of the y mail an
otained in the leaves or foliage passenger service which has existed
d is particularly noticeable when h between Paris and
uised. Among these may be men- BI e war
ned the various species of min . . oF
d sages. There are a number of “The future of aviation is magnifi
cent,” Mr. Bleriot said. “I am con-
9% io Which {his ssseniial oll TMaY | vinced that within a few years we
tillin in | will be flying between Europe and
That of Simill e re 2st, Bui of | America as gasly as we fly across
e delicacy of the perfume, and the the Channel today.
bility to loss 2nd deterioration “The formula in which I put my
ring the process. The flowers are conviction for a successful trans-At-
posed in contact with purified lantic flying service in all kinds of
cd or olive oil in suitable frames weather calls for floating islands
aereby the fatty substance is taken ‘ spaced from 300 to 400 miles apart
y and impregnated with the es- along the Great Circle. They will
ntial oil is extracted from the fatty be linked by a Hertzian system and
bstances by maceration with alco- | the planes can be guided even in fog
1. An alcoholic essence is then without any danger.
stained, and it is from this that the | “Eight islands should be sufficient,
fumes that are sold are obtained. ‘being several hours apart in flying
The attar of roses is the essential time. Such a scheme would present
| of the roses and is chiefly produc- | all the necessary guarantees of se-
| in Hindustan and Persia. It is curity for passengers and pilots.
id that the so-called attar of roses | «pggtal planes could easily follow
largely adulterated and not'tpe natural route by way of the
ie ounce of the pure essence ever i Azores and Bermuda, but they must
aches the United States and Eng- pe multimotored planes capable of
nd. This adulteration is done with great speed and carrying a heavy
1 essence of the Indian geranium 5343 of fuel in addition to a heavy
ne ounce of the pure essence ' iS ]5aq of mail, large enough to pay
iulterated until it makes twenty- | their way.”
ve ounces. This is shipped to the | Bleriot then announced for the
nited Sates to De used chiefly in g.¢ time that his factories are now
je. manufacture of Soap. completing such a multimotored
ee es ' plane with which he intends to blaze
ssence varies with the condition of a postal trail along that route.
cllefonte, Pa., September 6, 1529.
——————————— ES ————————————
HERE FLOWERS GET
THEIR PERFUME.
Where the rose, and other flowers
t their perfume is a very interest-
r story. :
The perfume of the rose, as well
of other flowers, is contained in
essential oil. The essential oil
plants is not always agreeable as
me plants have a very disagreeable
or. In some plants this odor is
Dust Now Recognized
. as Powerful Explosive
It fs more or less generally well
known that all dust accumulations rep-
resent a menace of no mean propor.
tions. Dust is explosive and many
mills were wrecked by this mysterious
power before the real cause was un-
derstood. In a mine, for instance, the
explosion taking place in one cham-
ber was carried to the next and so on
until the explosive force swept through
the entire mine and the workings
were wrecked completely. It is only
within a comparatively few years that
it was ascertained that this march of
destruction was conducted through the
subterranean passages by the accumu-
lation of dust on the walls and in the
crevices. Now this is avoided by a
coating which is sprayed on and which
prevents the dust thus treated from
exploding. In the case of grain mills
the damage done by these mysterious
bursts was particularly severe and the
* government agencies have been giving
considerable attention to the study of
these mysterious blasts. In the course
of some experiments it was found pos-
sible to drive an automobile engine by
ihe use of finely powdered corn dust.
—Louisville Courier-Journal.
Dire Punishment for
Man “Mute of Malice”
“Mute of malice” is a legal term of
considerable antiquity, and applies to
prisoners who on being arranged in
court refuse to plead. In a receni
Dublin case, counsel said that to seek
a verdict of this kind nowadays was
only an “absurd formality.”
But once it was not so. Then peu
alty was terribly severe. Here is an
instance as late as 1740. A highway
man, who pretended to be dumb and
refused to plead at Kilkenny assizes.
was tried as to whether he was “mute
and lunatic by the haud of God or wil
fully so.” On being found “mute of
1e crop, but the quotation for 1925
as $25 for only one troy ounce.
tatistics for the year 1924 give the
mount of rose petals harvested in
ulgaria as 11,000,000, which rough-
r speaking represents two billion
lossoms. This produced 2,750 pounds
f the liquid and 220 pounds of the
olid essence.
The beauty of the scene where
jesse roses are grown can well be
nagined. From Kornorio to Kaz-
nlik,
ailes, in the southern foothills of the
talkans, is located the famous Val-
sy of Roses. White and pink Da-
1ascus roses are here grown alter-
ating with fields of waving corn
nd wheat and the delightful fra-
‘ance emanating from these fields of
oses is carried for miles by the
vind. The work of caring for these
elds of roses and harvesting the
unnual crop of blossoms give em-
loyment to many peasants, but the
emuneration is small. Whole fami-
jes from smallest to the oldest are
hus employed, cutting the blossoms
ind putting them in baskets; later,
hey are emptied into sacks to be
arried to the distilleries where they
re at once subjected to distillation.
\s delay in the process of conveying
hem to the distilleries results in a
oss of precious perfume, no time is
ost, and the distilleries work night
nd. day during the rush season.
Tour hours are required to convert
‘he blossoms into the essence.
‘One acre will produce in the neigh-
sorhood of 700 kilograms of roses
setals which is equivalent to, 1,500
bs. To make a kilogramme of petals
1 peasant has to harvest approxi-
nately 4,000 blossoms. It takes 4,
)00 kilogrammes of fresh roses to
produce one kilogramme of the liquid
assence. A large factory will, at the
height of the season, be able to use
about 64,000,000 roses every twen-
ty-four hours, producing from these,
38 pounds of the attar of roses.
There are two processes used in
the extraction of the essential oil of
the rose. One is the old steam pro-
cess, which is a very old one, and
which has been little improved up-
on, and the other is the new process
of : distillation by gasoline. The
farmer produces the emerald-green
attar of roses, which crystallizes
when it cools, but liquifies at bodily
temperature. The latter produces a
solid essence which is of a dark
orange color, a greasy paste, with a
very strong odor. About 500 lbs of
roses are needed to produce one
pound of solid essence. ‘This pound
of liquid essence may be sold for
$300.00 out of which the peasant re-
‘ceives $125.00 for the work of caring
for and harvesting the crop. The
.solid essence will bring $70 a pound
of which the peasant gets $15.00.
The difference in price is due to the
amount of roses required to produce
the two kinds of essence, the liquid
a distance of about thirty
rialice,” he was sentenced to be
pressed to death, a decree which was
carried out in the market place.
“As the weights were heaping on the
wretched man” (says an account) “he
carnestly supplicuted to be hanged.
but it being beyond the power of the
"sheriff to deviate from the mode of
punishment prescribed in the sentence,
even this was an indulgence which
“I am just finishing a four-motor-
ed plane with a force of 1,000 hp., de-
signed to carry more than half a ton
of mail or freight. Our motors pre-
sent an innovation in airplane con-
struction, being six cylinders in line,
and they are giving us our only trou-
ble at present,” he said.
“I started to build this plane for
my son, but even though he died two
i finish it
Om the ago. J am going lo ous for tould be no longer granted to him,”—
which it was destined. | Loudon Mail.
“It was to have been piloted by
Bossoutrot, with a naval lieutenant, !
Crespy, as navigator and my son as
wireless operator. His place will be !
filled and the plane sent out with
mail across the Atlantic just as soon
as the motors give satisfaction and
prove their merit in trial flights over
the Mediterranean.”
Bleriot still holds to the mono-
plane as the ideal type of construc-
tion. It was a monoplane which car-
ried him across the Channel, and he
was a pioneer in that theory, for
most of the planes of that day were
biplanes or carried many small plane
surfaces.
Noted for Severe Winters
The weather burezu says that, gen
erally speaking, the state of North
Dakota and the eastern portion of
linnesota have the most severe win
‘ter climate, although portions of
northern New England and the moun
tain sections of northern New York
hive weather conditions nearly ap
proaching those in the sections first
named. Likewise, some of the moun
tain districts have severe weather
: over somewhat longer periuds than
«When I flew the Channel I was in the sections previously mentioned
happy, but my greatest happiness and heavier snows may occur, but
came from the fact that I found my usually the temperatures are not so
theories borne out,” Bleriot said. “It Jow during periods of intense cold as
was conceived exactly along the for-! occur in the lower levels of the states
mulae which are still applied. first wentioned.
made me confident in Lindbergh |
when I learned that he intended to | .
try the Atlantic in a monoplane | -
Which 1o0R3) 5 Food Gee) Neale The polite guest in southern Arabi,
“My Channel plane was small ‘and Says a writer of the National Geo-
carried a tractive propeller and Braphic society, always secretes a few
among the planes of 20 years ago, ‘coffee berries in his turban, and thus
that type alone has been carried supplies his own beverage at the
through the experiments. I believed house where he is calling.
in the nuuopiane in 1909 jist as| | call to mind guests in this coun-
much as leve ln 1t y. L Was ry who were not so thoughtful. They
themsssociotel With old, DUE Jue brought no coffee berries concealed in
the future of aviation. their hats. They brought no cream
| “Voisin favored the multiplane type and sugar in their hats or elsewhere.
capable of flying at very low altitude They brought no roast chicken, bread
and really forming a “flying car-|and butter, salad, ice cream, or pie.
riage.” I saw distant horizons and But, when reminded, they were quick
high altitudes, planes which could to repair the oversight, and took
|climb high and fly over mountains plenty of each away with them.—Ex-
Afterthought
and seas. ; change,
, “To me, the air is comparable to | _ .-
the ocean. On water you need solid | i a
ships with as many guarantees of se- Safer
curity as possible. It is the same | mhe famous man was furious when
thing in the air. The waves of the
air are as dangerous as the waves of | i J pong 2 Tile, f paving Stones our-
the sea, and we have seen many air- |= | i
ships broken in the air by wind ‘Here, youl!” he said to a pavvy
, waves. standing near. “Take these things
“That is why I never believe much away at once.”
in individual aviation, one man planes | “All right, guv’nor. all right,” saia
for tourist purposes. I would be the navvy. “But where shall 1 take
happy to see such planes developed ‘em to?” ;
sud serial tourim become. 8 fact, | wrane, ‘em. to bell for all 1 care”
“Aviation will furnish De to came the indignant. reply.
any nation which sees the air as an | “Adnt I better take ‘em to 'eaven
gov'nor,” said the navvy. helpfully.
ocean and builds solid planes, con-
pad “They'd be more out of your way.”—
Montana and the western portion of.
RULES FOR AVIATORS.
1
New regulations for airplane pilots, '
effective Sept. 1, designed to protect"
the flying public and aid the areo-
nautic industry, have been completed
by the Commerce Department under ,
the direction of Clarence M. Young, ,
assistant secretary of commerce for
areonautics.
The regulations provide that a
transport pilot can carry passengers
and property only in aircraft speci- |
fied on his license.
A minimum of 200 hours solo fly-
ing experience, knowledge of the
government's air traffic rules and rig-
id physical examinations at regular
intervals are stipulated in the new
regulations.
The new rules also require a dem-
onstration of various emergency
maneuvers such as spins, side slips, |
recoveries from stalls, and climbing
turns.
a s——— A ——————
—Read the Watchman and get all
the news. |
structing always to defeat
essence requiring more than the solid. weather and changes of temperature, | London Magazine.
It is from India that we get the | and using every feature of safet
tradition respecting the discovery of that Et oa SY
the method of preparing the famous wirel 1
attar of roses. It was an accidental | and loss, selephonies, radioganion: ety
discovery and came about in this
manner: In an effort to please the
voluptuous = Jehanghis, his favorite
sultana caused the bath in the pal-
ace garden to be filled with rose-
water caused the oily particles, which
were floating on the surface of the
water. The action of the sun on the
water caused them to concentrate,
and the attendant imagining that the
water had become corrupt began to
skim it for the purpose of taking off
the oil. "As the globules burst under
this process, they emitted such a de-
lightful odor, that the idea of pre-
paring this delightful perfume was
at once suggested.
A ———— i ———
ORDER FOREST TREES NOW.
Despite the fact that next spring
is the time to plant forest trees on
idle acres right now is when they
should be ordered. Do not postpone
ordering and then get a reply that
the supply is exhausted. Your coun-
ty agent has order blanks for State
department trees and can aid youin
selecting the right kind for the land
you have to plant.
Religious Reminder
The emblem placed on the door post
of an orthodox Jewish home, which
the guests touch when they enter is
called “mezuza,” which literally means
“door post,” It is placed there in ful
fillment of the command in the fifth
book of Moses. “And thou shalt write
them upon the door posts of thy house
and upon thy gates.” The emblem
contains a small plece of parchment
or paper on which is written by hand
the above quoted passage and others
to remind Jews of duties toward their
religion.
Better Take a Taxi
“] pever was so mortified!”
claimed Mrs. Averdupois.
“Yeah? What happened?” asked he:
husband.
“] got on a street car today,” salu
the 1ady of many pounds, “and a rath:
er thin man got up to give me a seat,
but as the man next to him wouldn't
get up, too, I had to stand and listen
to the rest of the passengers in the
car snicker.”—Cincinnati Enquirer.
ex-
| at least half and hour.”
Henpecked Man Calls !
for World’s Sympathy
1 often think of the last czar of
Russia. He was the ruler of a great
country, with royal blood in his veins,
and the owner of possibly fhe worlds’
greatest collection of crowns, jewels,
vestments and the like. His subjects
pretended to love him, and reverently
called him the Little Father. At a
frown from him, great hordes of men
sprang to arms. . . . Yet onenight
some men took him into a dirty cellar
and beat him to death, together with
his wife and children. . . . 1
didn’t know it for years, but I was
always better off than the czar. . . .
His main trouble was dreadfully com-
monplace; he was henpecked. So far
as I am able to make out, from the
records, his wife was one of those
good women who, without the slight-
est evidence, believe in signs, omens,
dreams, and find the truth shock-
ing. . . . The rule is to laugh at a
henpecked man. We should, instead,
go to his rescue. 1 know henpecked
men who are being as cruelly wronged
4s a man seized by bandits—E. W.
Howe's Monthly.
Airplane Plays Poor
Second to the Birds
A group of French scientists have
proved to their own complete satis-
faction that wonderful as airplanes
may be, they still come a long second
to bird flights. A single swallow is
three times as swift and economical
a flyer as the very best pursuit plane
in“the French army. Three scientists,
Huguenard, Magnan and Sainte
Lague, have used a new “machine
gun” motion picture camera with a
double objective to evolve a method
for testing the “finesse” on real air
planes in actual flight and on birds
in the air.
The camera gives simultaneously
on the same strip of film clear images
of a guiding mark on the ground six
feet from its lens and of an airplane
flying away, as well as a clear image
of a man placed 150 feet away. Us-
ing it, the scientists discovered that
a good pursuit plane gave a “finesse”
inferior to 6. The “finesse” of a swal
low was found to be at least 190.
Use Common Sense
In the nature of things all ordinary
stunts and feats of strength are at
the same time wonderful exercises for
those physical culturists who are ad-
vanced enough to be able to do them.
You cun combine the spectacular with
the practical. The human system, no
matter how robust, was never intend-
ed to handle packages weighing a
couple of tons. Why not leave that
to the elephants? Indeed, intended
record-breaking lifts of any kind. with
bar-bells or other weights, are not to
be regarded us exercise in the proper
sense, and should only be undertuken
by highly developed professionals in
this tield—or by amateurs who have
dftained professional standing by way
of accomplishment.—Carl Easton Wil-
liams in Physical Culture Magazine.
Holland’s Independence
An error often made is to attribute 1
Dutch success in the war for inde-
pendence too much to William and to
Dutch pluck and endurance. Both
these were inestimable factors in the
defeat of Spain. But William died
25 years before Dutch independence
was recognized and Maurice of
Orange and Oldenbarnvelt must both
be given their due for their work aft-
er his death. :
Nor must Spanish inefficiency anc
poverty be forgotten. A Spanish cap-
tain once said: “If death had to come
from Spain we would be sure of a
long life,” and twice Philip had to re-
pudiate his national debt.—New
York Herald Tribune,
Danger From Marchers
The director of the Engineering so-
cieties library says that soldiers
marching in step across a bridge |
might cause failure of the bridge due
to too great a load or due to vibra-
tion. If the type is known, together
with certain other details of its con-
struction, it is possible for a bridge en-
gineer to calculate whether or not the
bridge will break. It is sometimes pos-
sible to produce oscillations in a
bridge by ‘men marching in step, and
these oscillations may be sufficient
cause to break down the bridge. In
1850 a suspension bridge at Angers,
France, gave way when 487 soldiers
were marching over it and 226 were
killed.
Three-Minute Egg
A Detroit woman who put in a long
distance telephone call wanted to talk
only three minutes. She decided to
time herself with a contrivance used
for timing eggs being boiled. The de
vice Is fashioned on the principle of
the hour-glass and by setting it pear
the telephone where she could see it,
she felt she was able to get the full
benefit of her conversation over the
telephone without any danger of talk-
ing longer than she desired.—Detroit
News.
The Way It Goes
“That bird is so lucky that no mat-
ter when he gets downtown he always
arrives at a parking place just us
some other fellow is pulling out and
he can back right in.”
“And I am so unlucky that: if k
earned: into a street, hunting one, I'd
get there just in: time enough -to see
a ‘dozen machines backing :ipto open
spaces that hadn't been occupied: for
National Banks as
Trust Companies
HIS bank is equipped for the trans-
T action of any business connected
with banking. An important part of bank-
ing now, is the care of Trust funds and
the settlement of estates.
We have a Trust Department, and
can act as Executor, Administrator or
Trustee. We can assure a proper admin-
istration of all Trust business.
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
BELLEFONTE, PA.
RE TT TT A A A J
ERNE
RQ
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
Complete the Job
HAT do you think of a man
who starts a job and stops
short of completion? Con-
tinue the good work of saving
regularly — it is important — deposit
weekly with this Bank. j
8 per cent. Interest Paid on Savings Accounts
STATE COLLEGE, PA.
MEMBER FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
aS So Se IAA
Own Your Own
'
A Genuine Cow-hide
Pennant Foot Ball...
with every Boy’s wool
Suit at Fauble’s..........
A. Fauble