Beni tenn
Bellefonte, Pa., May 10, 1929.
EIGHTH GRADE PUPILS
WRITE ON TUBERCULOSIS.
‘The following very lucid paper on
tuberculosis, its origin and means of
prevention, was written entirely by
the eighth grade pupils at the Bishop
street building of the Bellefonte pub-
lic schools:
TUBERCULOSIS.
With the invention of the micro-
scope came the discovery of a world
of plants and animals known as the
“Infinitely Little,” To this world be-
longs the germ of man’s greatest dis-
ease ,tubercule bacillus, the germ of
tuberculosis. :
Little was known of this disease
until the latter part of the nineteenth
century, when the germ was discover-
ed by Dr. Robert Koch, a German
scientist. Before this time it was
thought to be due to heredity.
No age or race can escape this
disease. It attacks a five year old
child as quickly as an old person. It
has kilied more people than all other
diseases put together.
Tuberculosis is an infectious dis-
ease, and may be contracted directly
or indirectly. It thrives best in dark,
warm, damp places. The germs may
lie dormant for years, but when they
are given good breathing conditions
they immedately begin to grow and
multiply. They grow well in the hu-
man body, where they settle most
commonly in the lungs. Tuberculosis
of the lungs is called consumption.
Consumptives are hollow chested, hol-
low cheeked, and have a dry, hacking
cough.
The consumptives spit upon streets
and the sputum dries and is blown
about and breathed in by healthy peo-
ple. Spitting laws should be enforced.
Flies visit garbage cans and dirty
streets and carry the germs into the
house, where they get on the food.
Pets carry the germs on their fur,
the children play with them and the
result is that the germs are soon con-
veyed to the mouth by the hands.
The milk supply is a good way to
spread tuberculosis. Cattle should
be tubercular tested and sanitary
dairying methods should be used.
Consumptives can mingle with oth-
er people with some degree of safety,
if they spit in some receptacle pro-
vided for them and if they cough in
their hankerchiefs.
Their is only one cure for tubercu-
losis; fresh, dry air and sunlight.
People who work in open air are not
as likely to become infected as a per- |
son who works indoors.
Houses should be well lighted and
ventilated. Home builders should
give some thought to window spac-
ing. The window space should be one-
fifth of the floor space.
There is one way by which we can
be ready to fight this disease. Keep
the vital resistance at par all the
time, so that you will always be ready
for what may happen. There should
‘be less carelessness. Careless people
get the disease more quickly and do
more to spread it than anybody else.
John Bunyan very appropriately call-
ed tuberculosis the Captain of the
Men of Death.
We will have to do more to prevent
this terrible disease. The faithful
performance of such common sense
rules as washing the hands before
each meal, sleeping with windows
open, getting plenty of exercise in
the fresh air—in short, the rules are
based upon the fundamental health
neecssitiees—fresh air, rest, exercise,
good food, pure water, cheerfulness
and cleanliness will promote health;
maintain bodily ivgor, poise and re-
sistance to disease and fatigue, pre-
serving health for the purpose of
making the most of life.
FIRST AUTO VISITS
SMALL MEXICAN TOWN.
A new kind of machine was seen
recently in Atoyac, Mexico. Natives
of the Pacific Coast town viewed this
modern invention with a great deal
of curiosity. It was an automobile:
General Rafael Sanchez, command-
er of the State of Guerrero, drove a
Model A Ford phaeton across coun-
try from Asapulco to Atoyac, over
land so rough that none had made
sich a journey before. He sent this
wire to R. Z. Martinez, Ford dealer
at Iguala:
“For your pleasure please be
informed that the Ford car I pur-
chased from you is the fist auto-
mobile that has eve eached this
town, over a difficult country
where there are no roads at all
and the land is strewn with rocks
and soft sand. Motor in perfect
condition after terrible test.
Small native towns along path re-
garded first automobile with pos-
itive wonder.”
ROADSIDE RESTAURANTS
TO BE INSPECTED.
All food stands and restaurants on
State highways that pass through
cities and towns will be subject to the
same rigid health examinations as
those in the country, Dr. J. Moore
Campbell, chief of the bureau of com-
municable diseases, was announced.
Dr. Campbell asserted that to ex-
amine employes and conditions in on-
ly those in rural districts would be
unfair to the motorists.
“It is only logical that full pro- |
tection be afforded the motorists,”
Dr. Campbell said. “While many
thousands use the roadside stands as
a means of refreshment there is an
equal number who patronize public
eating places in towns and cities, the
main street of which is a direct part
of the State highway system.”
“Van Nibber and Spenderly are
about on a par socially, aren’t they?”
“Just about. Van Nibber ‘uses his
inclosed car all summer and Spender-
ly uses his touring body all winter.”
—Puck.
PINE NEEDLES ARE BIG HELP
| IN BUILDING FOREST SOILS.
That pine needles are an important
factor in building up and improving
soils has been demonstrated by
studies conducted .in the silvicultural
classes under the direction of Prof.
George S. Perry of the Pennsylvania
State Forest school, located at Mont
Alto.
Two of the juniors students, Don-
ald Morriss and Forrest Weight, com-
piled some interesting facts concern-
ing the crop of needles, borne each
year and those that finally dropped to
the ground to form the carpet of fine
litter beneath pine trees.
An acre of planted white pine was
selected. The trees were twenty years
old and fully occupied the soil of an
old abandoned field. Sample trees of
average size were cut and the needles
counted. In this way it was found
that 360,293,602 new needles were
produecd on this acre of pine during
the summer of 1928. If these needles
were placed end to end they would
reach 19,355 miles. If their green
surfaces were flattened out, it would
be found that they exposed nearly 16
acres (15.917 acres) of surface 10
the light. Their weight was 53% tons
when taken from the trees.
Pine trees retain some needles for
two or more years so it was found
that counting the actual total number
of needles present at the end of Feb-
ruary, which included some from 1927
the acre of forest possessed 484,522,-
536 needles with a total length of 24,-
250 miles; being very nearly enough
to reach around the world. The ac-
tual surface exposed by these needles
was more than 19 acres (19.172 acres)
and they weighed nearly seven tons
(6.9546 tons).
In early August of each year, there
are present on white pine trees all of
the needle crop from two years in a
fully developed condition. This is the
time of heaviest shade and foliage in
such a forest. The older needles be-
gin to drop shortly after this and
continue to dwindle away until the
following spring although the heavi-
est fall is in early autumn just before
the broadleaf trees shed their leaves.
In August, when the foliage on pine
forest is at the maximum, this acre of
pine must have more than 720,000,-
000 needles with a total length of
37.050 miles after making all‘possible
corrections. Tihs means that in Au-
gust the needles from an acre of
white pine would reach one-and-a-
half times around the earth. At that
time they would weigh 111; tons and
expose a total green surface area of
nearly 301% acres (30.468 acres).
————— treme.
HORSES SLEEP
WHILE STANDING UP.
Horses have the power of sleeping
while standing. Their legs are pro-
vided with musclar mechanisms
which cause them to lock and permit
the animals to rest somewhat as it
they were standing on stilts. While a
horse is unconscious there is no di-
rect brain control over those muscles
in the legs, back and chest which are
essential for the maintenance of an
erect posture. The control depends
on the reflex actions of the spinal
cord, says the Pathfinder.
This phenomenon is similar to that
of a bird sleeping on a swaying limb.
A reflex balance is maintained when
consciousness is in abeyance. Horses
sleeping while standing occasionally
fall down. More often certain mus-
cles in the forelegs relax suddenly
and the animals knuckle over on to
the fetlocks and then immediately
catch themselves. Horses go some-
times for months without ever lying
down. It is astonishing how little
sleep they require. y
This is also true of other herbivora
including elephants. An Indian ele-
phant will feed for 18 or 20 hours and
then sleep only one or two.
When horses sleep their eyes us-
ually remain open, or partly open,
and they sleep so lightly that they
are awakened by the faintest sound.
They seldom lie long in the same posi-
tion because their weight cramps
their muscles and prevents the under
lung from functioning.
PENNSYLVANIA THE LEADER
IN MINERAL WEALTH.
That Pennsylvania is the greatest
mineral industrial Commonwealth in
the world is the description which
Dean Edward Steidle of the school of
metallurgy of the Pennsylvania State
College has given to the Keystone
State after completing a thorough
study and comparison of its mineral
; resources with those in other States
_ and nations of the world.
“The importance of Pennsylvania
.as a mineral territory,” said Dean
~Steidle, is clearly shown when we
‘stop to consider that her mines and
products derived from minerals ac-
count for about two-thirds of the en-
| tire productive wealth of the State
{ and that Pennsylvania alone annually
| produces about one fifth of the to-
tal value of the nation’s mineral
| wealth.” ‘
| Dean Steidle’s survey shows that
| Pennsylvania ranks first in the fol-
lowing mineral products and commo-
dities manufactured from minerals:
Cement, clay, bituminous and anthra-
cite coal, coke, ferro alloys, pig iron,
(mineral paints, sand and gravel, slate,
natural gas value, blast furnace pro-
ducts, steel work and rolling mills
‘products, smelting and refining of
zinc, glass, fire-brick, mineral and
earth, foundry supplies, enamel anc
sanitary ware, steel springs, stiuctur-
al iron work, wrought iron pipe and
railroad repair work.
BEYOND HIM.
Bobby was out calling with his
mother.
| “And so,” said the hostess to him,
| “your little baby brother can talk
now.”
| ‘“Yes'm he can say some words real
well.”
| “How nice!” beamed the lady,
, “and what words are they?”
| “I don't know,” confessed Bobby
I never heard any of them before.”
FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN.
| : Daily Thought.
MOTHER OF MINE.
Soul of my soul, heart of my heart,
Dream of my dream of life, the greatest
part,
You always stand as an angel devine
And I'm sending my love to you—Mother
of Mine
Those fringed-end Louiseboulanger
scarves do not have to be tied under
the chin in a schoolboy knot that is
unbecoming to clder women or those
with round faces. Paris ties them
low, just above the normal waistline.
It surely is a summer of polka dots.
An evening frock of sheerest cream
chiffon uses round crystals in all the
pastel shades to polka dot the band-
ings of its low decolletage.
Sports shoes in brown and white
leathers favor the new high-low heel.
This is a happy compromise between
the golf heel and the spectator sports
sandal heel.
Eight button length gloves are the
shortest worn by milady nowadays of
an evening. Many summer evening
wraps will feature loose three-quarter
sleeves which mean even longer
gloves.
A black satin frock has its waist
cut tuxedo, with a three inch circular
flounce outlining the front. The fine-
ly pleated Suntan chiffon vestee is re-
movable fof cleaning.
With a short blue jacket topping a
white sleeveless sports frock for sum-
mer there is a beauty tricolored strip-
ed cravat scarf, large bag and sun
parasol.
A lacquer red flat crepe frock is
belted by a broad girdle of black sa-
tin, topped by a black hat and is worn
with black gloves.
The sweetly striped little frock,
made of shirt silks, will be a life-
saver this summer for the woman
who hews a chic line even in swelier-
ing weather. Some are made like old-
fashioned shirtwaist suits, with tuck-
in blouses. Others prefer pleated
skirts, with peplum over blouses end-
ing in pleated flounces.
There are no hems to let out on the |
newest sports clothes. Hems are out |
of favor and in their stead Paris uses
row on row of machine stitching to
finish wool sports clothes. The same
method is used for cuffs and collars
at some of the leading houses of
sports apparel.
Tweeds are the cause of the change.
They do not hang well, dressmakers
say, when finished with hems which
have to be put in on the bias, since
most of the current season’s sports
skirts are more or less circular.
Soap flakes and soap powders, be-
ing extremely explosive, take their
place as the latest industrial hazard,
says Science. It has been found that
certain kinds of soap dusts when sus-
pended in air are more violently ex-
plosive than most other industrial
dusts. These soap dusts are easily
ignited and explode violently, accom-
panied by much flame and large
quantities of heat. This is in spite
of the fact that soap is a cormnpound
of semi-organic nature and that sod-
ium compounds in gereral have a
cooling effect on the flames of ex-
plosives.
Old time salt rising bread is com-
ing back.
Perhaps there are many persons
who never heard of such a thing, but
our grandparents may be able to
throw some light on salt-rising
bread.
At one time many years ago—
salt rising bread was in general use.
It is the truly American style bread,
because the salt rising yeast, with
‘which it is made, comes from corn
meal.
| The history of salt rising bread is
associated with old southern ‘“mam-
mies’ which causes one to believe that
it originated in the south. However,
it traveled northward and won many
friends because it was different, al-
though made from the same kind of
dough as ordinary white bread. The
difference lies entirely in the two
kinds of yeast from which bread may
be made.
There are two known ways of mak-
ing bread. One by means of the or-
dinary cake of yeast as it is purchas-
ed in grocery stores, and by means of
what is known as salt-rising yeast.
Both kinds of yeast produce a fer-
mentation of the flour dough. This
fermentation converts the indiges-
tible parts of the flour into digestible
ones. During the fermentation pro-
cess, a gas is formed which makes
the dough rise or become light.
This gas is driven off leaving be-
hind a white spongy mass of solid air
pockets, or voids, where the gas had
been, during fermentation.
All kinds of yeast cause fermenta-
tion but as there are two different
kinds of "ferments,” the chemistry
of the fermentation is slightly differ-
ent in the two cases. Howaver, this
point is purely technical. §
| The two “ferments” produce two
kinds of bread. Salt-rising bread has
a distinctive, slightly cheesy taste
and flavor that will be noticed with
the first bite. It is firm, close grain-
ed, and sweeter than other hread.
| Salt-rising bread can be sliced to a
lace-like thinness. Those who like
this ‘bread are especially fond of it for
toast for it is highly flavored and
browns readily.
| Salt-rising bread is wholesome, nu-
tritious and highly digestible. 1t
might be called a predigested bread
because it seems to melt away when
taken into the mouth. Although it
is not made as a “health” bread, it is
recommended to dyspeptics and others
with weak stomachs. .
—Animated hem-lines are flatter-
{ing to the legs and should be worn
by every woman whose legs are not
models of beauty. Even one wide
!pleat helps a little, a circular skirt
is better, the pleated all-around skirt
is best of all. This means more mon-
|ey for pressng. But it is worth it
for those with legs too thin, too fat or
too muscular. The straight definite
{hem-line of a coat emphasizes the de-
fects in leg contours. An inch or two
of soft lively skirt below the coat is
os ” Oh, Yes! Call Bellefonte 432
LUMW i- 13 # W.R. Shope Lumber Co.
T1-16-t¢ Lumber, Sash, Doors, Millwork and Roofing
DEFINED. IMPROVING — ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW =
Knicker—How much is he making ?
Bocker—Between a motor cycle
and a car.
A young fellow, anxious to enlist.
had just been examined by the doctor.
“I am sorry,” said the doctor, “but
your teeth are not good enough.”
“What !” exclaimed the indignant
recruit; “my teeth ain't good enough,
ain’t they? Well, they're the same
teeth what you passed my brother
with yesterday.”—The Strand Maga-
zine.
A Sunday school teacher had been
telling her class of little boys about
crowns of glory and heavenly re-
wards for good people.
“Now tell me,’ she said at the close
of the lesson, ‘who will get the big-
gest crown?”
There was silence for a minute or
two, then a bright little chap piped
out, “Him wot’s got t’ biggest ’ead.”
—Philadelphia Bulletin.
reeset esteem.
That Stopped Him
An official with a very annoying
manner was making an inspection of
1 newly opened aerodrome.
On this particular afternoon para-
ehute practice was being undertaken
hv a number of pilots, and the official
asked question after question of one
man about his experiences and sen
sations while falling through the air.
“But supposing your parachute fails
to open while you are coming down?”
he asked finally. “What do you do
then?”
The pilot had had more than enough
fy this time.
“Take it back and change it,” he
replied very tersely.
Everything for the Right
Contempt of all outward things
which come in competition with duty
fulfills the ideal of human greatness.
Tris conviction, that readiness to sac-
rifice life's highest material good and
sfe itself, is essential to the elevation
of human nature, is no illusion of ar-
dent youth, nor outburst of blind en-
shusiasm It does not yield to grow-
ing wisdom. It is confirmed by all ex-
perience. It is sanctioned by con-
science—that universal and eternal
lawgiver whose chief dictate is that
everything must be yielded up for the
right.—Channing.
VITAL NECCESSITY.
There exists an urgent need for
improvement of existing forest
growth in Pennsylvania today, in ad-
dition to the control of forest fires
and reforestation of waste lands that
have for years been actively promot-
ed by the State, not only in the Stat=2
forests but in co-operation with all
private land owners. State Forester
Joseph 8. Illick said in a statement.
“We have reached the place in
Pennsylvania forestry,” said the
State forester, “where we must give
more consideration to improving the
composition of our forests. Even up-
on the State forests, where for every
acre that requires planting there are
almost 40 acres that do not require
general planting. On practically all
of the areas that do not require gen-
eral planting there occurs a super-
abundance of inferior tree growth.
This condition is all too prevalent up-
on millions of acres of forests
| throughout the State, where repeated
lumbering operations and forest fires
have resulted in an accumulation of
weak trees, as well as progressively
inferior sprout growth.
“The weeding of inferior young
‘ forests is imperative if these stands
should be made productive and prof-
itable. Weeding is a process of cut-
ting applied to young stands of sap-
ling size for the purpose of improv-
ing their composition and quality, and
consequently the value of the final
crop. It consists chiefly of cutting
back relatively worthless stump
sprouts and weed trees in favor of
well formed saplings of valuable tim-
ber trees. On endless stretches of
cut-over forest lands—and most of
our forests have been subjected to
repeated cuttings the regrowth is in
serious need of attention. Promising
saw timber is being smothered out
by rank growing stump sprouts and
weed species, and the tendency is for
the latter to occupy an ever increas-
{ing ‘proportion of the area,” Illick
concluded.
—Subscribe for the Watchman.
666
is a Prescription for
Colds, - Grippe, - Flu, - Dengue,
Bilious Fever and Malaria.
It is the most speedy remedy known.
74-18-22t
I. time of emergency . . .
accident, sickness or fire
» » « save minutes that may
save life or property . . .
TELEPHONE
eo it’s quicker!
Baney’s Shoe Store
1
oh
=
WILBUR H. BANEY, Proprietor
30 years in the Business
BUSH ARCADE BLOCK
BELLEFONTE, PA.
better.
P. L. Beezer Estate.....Meat Market
YOUR MEAT MARKET
Practically “right around the
corner” from where you live! Be
sure to include a visit here in
your next shopping tour. We of-
fer daily meats for every family
menu. Young, tender pork;
prime cuts of western beef;
fresh-killed poultry—all are mod-
erately priced to save you money.
Telephone 667
Market on the Diamond
Bellefonte, Penna.
KLINE WOODRING.—Attorney at
Law, Bellefonte, Pa. Practices in all
courts. Office, room 18 Crider’'s Ex-
change. 51-1y
KENNEDY JOHNSTON.—Attorney-at-
Law, Bellefonte, Pa. Prompt atten-
tion given all legal business ‘entrusted
to his care. Offices—No. 5, East High
street. 57-44
M. KEICHLINE.—Attorney-at-Law and
Offices on second floor of Temple Court.
Consultation in English and Ger-
Justice of the Peace. All professional
business will receive prompt attention.
49-5-1y
Ww G. RUNKLE.— Attorney-at-L a w,
man. Office in Crider’s Exchange,
Bellefonte, Pa. 555
Ww
R. R. L. CAPERS.
OSTEOPATH.
State College
66-11 Holmes Bldg.
Crider’s Ex.
D. CASEBEER, Optometrist.—Regis-
tered and licensed by the State.
Eyes examined, glasses fitted. Sat-
isfaction guaranteed. Frames replaced
and lenses matched. Casebeer Bldg., High
St., Bellefonte, Pa. 71-22=t¢
VA B. ROAN, Optometrist, Licensed
by the State Board. State College,
every day except Saturday, Belle-
fonte, in the Garbrick building opposite
the Court House, Wednesday afternoons
from 2 to 8 p. m. and Saturdays 9 a. m.
to 4:30 p. m. Bell Phone. 638-40
FEEDS!
We have taken on the line of
Purina Feeds
We also carry the line of
Wayne Feeds
PHYSICIANS
S. GLENN, M. D., Physician and
Surgeon, State College, Centre
county, Pa. Office at his Tesidence
Bellefonte
Purina Cow Chow, 349, $3.10 per H.
Purina Cow Chow, 249, 2.80 per H.
Purina Calf Meal 5.00 per HL.
Wayne Dairy, 329% 2.90 per H.
Wayne Dairy, 249%, 2.70 per H.
Wayne Egg Mash 3.10 per H.
Wayne Calf Meal 4.25 per H.
Wayne All mash starter 4.00 per H.
Wayne All mash grower 3.30 per H.
Wayne Pig Meal 3.00 per H.
Wagner’s Pig Meal 2.70 per H.
Wagner’s Egg mash 2.70 per H.
Wagner's Egg mash with
buttermilk 2.90 per H.
Wagner’s Dairy, 229% 2.40 per H.
Oil Meal, 349, 3.10 per H.
Cotton seed meal 2.80 per H.
Flax Meal 2.40 per H.
Gluten feed, 239% 2.50 per H.
Alfalfa 2.25 per H.
Meat meal, 459 4.00 per H.
Tankage, 609% 4.25 per H.
Oyster shell 1.20 per H.
Fine Stock Salt 1.10 per H.
We have a full line of poultry and
stock feeds on hand at all times at
the right prices.
Left us grind your corn and oats
and sell you the high protein feeds
and make up your own mixtures. We
charge nothing for mixing.
We deliver at a charge of $1.00 per
ton extra.
If You Want Good Bread or Pastry
TRY
“OUR BEST”
OR
“GOLD COIN” FLOUR
C. Y. Wagner & Co. ie
86-11-1yr. BELLEFONTE, PA.
Caldwell & Son
Plumbing
and Heating
Vapor....Steam
By Hot Water
Pipeless Furnaces
WS ANPS SSSA APSA
Full Line of Pipe and Fit-
tings and Mill Supplies
All Sizes of Terra Cotta
Pipe and Fittings
ESTIMATES
Promptly Furnished
| Cheerfully and
06-15-tf. an