Bellefonte, Pa., March 1, 1929.
a S—
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THE ROAD AHEAD.
What shall we find in the road ahead
As we go around the turn?
We cannot tell till we reach the curve
For people never return.
There may be dangers awaiting us there,
There may be refreshing streams,
There may be rugged steeps to climb,
Or treasures beyond our dreams.
But this we know—that when we arrive
At the turn in the road ahead,
All will be well if we follow on
In the way the Master has led.
—M. V. THOMAS.
e——————————
WHAT SHOULD CONSTITUTE
AN EFFICIENT BLACKBOARD
The department of public instruc-
tion announced that the visual educa-
tion committees at the State teach-
ers’ colleges and normal schools have
developed a blackboard technique
that should be the means of improv- :
ing instruction in the schools of the
Commonwealth. The report of the
committees show that the blackboard
may serve the following purposes in
instruction.
1. For diagrams, sketches,
ings, decorative work. 1
2. As a screen for still projection
—map outlines, picture and symbol,
fade-outs.
3. For outlines,
rections.
4. As a substitute for the bulletin
board.
5. For group or class work.
Some factors mentioned as import-
ant to the effective use of the black-
board as an instrumental instrument
are:
draw-
summaries, di-
Quality and color—Should be natur- |
al, dark-colored, slate, free from de-'
fects, and with a surface that takes
crayon well.
Dimensions and location— Should
be 42 inches wide, and placed in all
available wall space of the class-
room except on the window side. At
the front of the classroom, the bot-
tom line of the blackboard should be
36 inches above the floor; at the side
and rear, 26 inches above the floor for
grades one to six, and 30 inches above
the floor for grades seven to twelve.
Care—Keep boards clean and in good
condition. At the end of each day,
rub boards down with soft, dry cloth,
and remove all dust from crayon
trays. Clean erasers daily. Each week-
end a blackboard kit should be used
to remove all loose dust and surface
grime. Whenever necessary, recondi-
tion surface.
Crayon—For regular work, dust-
less; for special purposes, colored.
Among the underlying principles
mentioned are:
1. All blackboard work should be—
a. Related to information or in-
struction.
b. Definite, accurate, purposeful
and postive.
c. Clearly visible to students.
d. An expression of teachers’
and pupils’ best.
Rapid sketch work should be ac-
curate.
2. Time can be saved and distrac-
tions avoided by placing material, to
be used by class, on the board in ad-
vance. During the development of an
idea, illustration, accentuation or
emphasis should be used at the very
moment it will clarify or clinch the
mental picture.
Some minor techniques mentioned
are:
1. Regulate lighting so as to avoid
glare.
2. Teachers should stand to one
side rather than in front of work
when using blackboard.
3. Write and draw legibly.
4. Use eraser or cloth rather than
fingers in correcting errors.
5. Keep boards free from clutter-
ing or miscellaneous collections of
materials.
eee.
“Don’t Slow Down While Passing
Cars.”
Hesitation of motorists in the act
of passing another car on the high-
way especially when abreast of the
other car, is dangerous and ¢provoc-
ative of accidents, says Captain Wil-
son C. Price, superintendent of the
highway patrol. 3
“Motorists before attempting to
pass another car, should make sure
that they have sufficient clearance
ahead to do so safely and, after sig-
nalling their intention to pass
should proceed to do so at acceler-
ated speed,” Captain Price said.
“Some motorists actually slow down
when abreast of the car to be pass-
ed, which is both wrong and danger-
ous. Of course,
such as the likelihood of an accident,
a motorist should use judgment and
discretion and it may be necessary
for him to slow down and drop be-
hind the other vehicle. But, when he
has a clear road ahead and is de-
sirous of passing, he should not con-
fuse motorists following or the mo-
torist in the car ahead by slowing
down in the act of passing.”
rien dp eer eeme—————
File Requests for 700,000 Seedlings.
Applications already have been re-
ceived from 800 private land owners
for almost 7,000,000 forest tree seed-
lings to be planted this a ac-
cording to a statement issued by
State Legislature. A bill compelling
trees will be planted on waste areas
throughout Pennsylvania covering an
area of 7000 acres. The trees include
pitch pine, white pine, Scotch pine,
larch, tulip poplar, Norway spruce,
red oak, white ash and black walnut.
The only species now available for
distribution by the department are
limited quantities of Scotch pine and
larch.
The trees in the State forest tree
nurseries are sold for $2 a thousand,
packed and delivered to the shipping
office nearest the nursery. Definite
instructions are furnished to each
planter.
in an emergency, :
{| SPROUL FORESTS RICH
IN EARLY LEGENDS
Harrisburg—The Sproul State For-
est, located in Clinton and Centre
! counties, has many places of historic
,and legendary interest according to
ia report recently submitted to the
i Pennsylvania Department of forests
|and Waters by District Forester
Charles Hogeland. One which came
| to his attention recently as a conse-
quence of investigations in connec-
| tion with the department’s land pur-
{ chase program, is that the land was
| once held by the Queen of Spain in
the Queen’s Run and Tangasootac
| sections near Lock Haven.
{ Fernado Munoz, a soldier of the
| Spanish Royal Guard, later Séifor
| Don Augustin Ferendo MundZ, to
whom Queen Regent of Spain, Mary
| Cristna, became deeply attached and
lin 1833 married, was given the title
| of the Duke of Riansares. The Duke
visited Clinton county in 1870 in the
| interest of the holdings of the For-
mer Queen. But the title to the land
in the meantime had lapsed. Short-
ly after she had acquired the land,
the Queen requested that the highest
mountain be named after the man
she had recently married. A few
years ago upon this elevation (2293
feet above sea level) a forest obser-
vation tower was erected and given
the name of Mount Riansares.
| After the death of Ferdinand VII
| the queen mother, Maria Cristna, en-
| deavored to extend the power of her
' daughter, Isabella II who had suc-
! ceeded to the throne of Civil War,
{ Isabella, to protect her estate sent
'a large sum of money to America to
‘be imvested. John and Christopher
‘Fallon were appointed her agents
“here. With a portion of funds en-
trusted to them they built the hotel
at Lock Haven known as the Fallon |
House. The famous hostelry is still
one of Lock Haven's prominent ho-
tels.
In 1830 William P. Farrand locat-
ed and developed several coal mines,
‘and laid out the town of Farrands-
| ville, along the Susquehanna, five and
‘one-half miles above Lock Haven. It
was planned to ship coal to eastern
‘markets by means of canals, and
steamboats which plied the river at
that time. The “Sunbury and Erie
Railroad” was not completed as far
west as Lock Haven until 1859. In 1853
a nail mill, with a capacity of ten
tons of nails a day, was in operation
at Farrandsville together with an
iron furnace and rolling mill, as well
as several saw mills and a plant for
the manufacture of coal cars. Due to
high transportation costs the projects
were unprofitable and despite an in-
vestment of more than three quarters
of a million dollars, operations were
stopped. This property changed hands
a number of times until 1847, it, to-
gether with lands across the river,
was purchased by the representatives
of the Queen of Spain.
Among the buildings erected by the
Queen were two of great magnifi-
cence. They were placed on the
mountainside overlooking the river
near Farrandsville. The larger, built
for hotel purposes, was destroyed by
fire in 1892, and the other, a mansion
built colonial style with massive col-
umns, a large porch, and an arched
stone entrance at the side was the
dwelling of the superintendent. It
was in use until about 1910, when it
was dismantled. As an indication of
the lavishness with which funds were
spent on these projects, in every one
of the large rooms was a fire-place,
banked with mantels and side pieces
of marble. The marble was shipped
from Europe's greatest quarries. The
stairway that led from an immense
hall was made of the choicest woods
by skilful artists. The main door was
heavily wrought and opened on the
arched approach. At the front, on
the second and third floors, the rooms
had French windows with folding
! shutters, all in white. Driving over
the new highway from Lock Haven
to Renovo, the remains of the old
castle may be observed, high on the
mountainside, reminiscent of by-gone
glory.
| Despite the thousands of dollars
of the private fortune of Isabella II
which were spent in these various
' projects, they were destined to fall.
The iron ore was of poor quality and
the coal veins were thin. Transpor-
tation was costly. Gradually the un-
dertakings were abandoned and the
land sold for taxes.
mining industry ceased and lumber-
| ing became the great industry of this
region, where millions of feet of vir-
gin timber were cut and floated down
the river to the sawmills of Lock
Haven and Williamsport. Eventually
the property came into the possession
of James McHenry, Fredericks ahd
Munro, who in 1873 constructed an
extensive fire
randsville. This plant was later used
by the Harbinson-Walker Refractor-
ies Company, who discontinued clay
mining about a year ago and the land
was offered for sale to the Pennsyl-
vania Department of Forests and
Waters.
———————— eee.
Mrs. Coolidge Has Her Joke; She
Must ‘Obey’ Till March 4.
Sea Island Beach, Ga.—Mrs. Cool-
idge showed today that she has quite
as keen a sense of humor as the
President himself.
At the time of a ceremony at which
the lawn on the Hotel Cloister, Mr.
Coolidge sent for her while she was
in the hotel. The messenger was Roy
A. Baker, proprietor of the establish-
ment.
“The President desires you to come
to the patio,” Mr. Baker said.
“Well, I guess I must obey the
President until March 4,” was her
reply, with an emphasis on “the.”
PEC Ne
Changes Sought in Fish, Game Laws.
A proposal to advance or postphone
the opening days of the fishing and
hunting seasons so that they will not
occur on Memorial Day and Armistice
Day is being backed by the Minnesota
department of the American Legion.
——— fp ———
—Subseribe for the Watchman.
After 1870 the
brick plant at Far-'
the President dedicated an oak on!
WILD LIFE DAMAGE
BEING STUDIED BY EXPERTS
Among the events of the past year
to which the Chief of the Bureau of
Biological Surveys points with sat-
isfaction in his annual report to the
Secretary of Agriculture is the op-
portunity now afforded by congres-
sional legislation for more extended
research in the relations of wild life
to forestry—that is, the effects of
birds, mammals, and other forms on
forest production. Studies have been
made in cooperation with the For-
rest Service, and have included trap-
ping operations, observations of in-
jury to valuable forest trees, the col-
lection of stomachs for laboratory
study of all rodents destroyed. Stud-
ies of the life histories and habits of
forest animals, and, in addition, spe-
cial investigations of the animal life
in national parks.
Considerable attention has been
paid to the porcupine in the course
of this work. These studies have
demonstrated that the porcupine is
seriously important from the econom-
ic standpoint, and that where it ig
abundant, control operations may be
needed. In the Southwest porcupines
occur commonly in the Tusayan, Co-
conino, Carson, and San Juan Nation-
al Forests. They may be found at
considerable distances from trees,
|and are partial to ridges, gullies,
rocky breaks, caves, and bowlder
| slopes. In this region they prefer
j the bark of moderate-sized yellow
| pines, to that of other trees, but in-
| jure also other pines, firs, spruces,
and junipers.
| In certain parts of the Southwest
| porcupine damage is probably sec-
ond only to that caused by fire and
{ misteltoe. The porcupines damage
i the tops of the larger trees and peel
{or girdle the trunks so the tree is
| either killed or the top deformed.
| They retard growth by eating foli-
| age. The most helpful factor in
| planning control work seems to be
| their habit of revisiting particular
trees during their wanderings
through the woods. By distributing
| poisoned baits along the lines reg-
1 ularly frequented by porcupines, con-
i trol is effected.
mmr eee Meee eee
Outlines Income Tax Deductions.
{ Deductions from the gross income
‘allowed car owners under the regu-
‘lations of the Federal Bureau of In-
, ternal Revenue on account of auto-
; mobile ownership and operation are
| outlined by the American Automo-
| bile Association as follows:
| All sums paid out for registration
| fees, drivers’ licenses, State person-
. al property taxes and municipal taxes
may be deducted.
The gasoline tax may be deducted
{ when it is a “consumers’ tax” under
i the State law, but not when it is a
| “distributers’ tax.”
i Interest on money borrowed for the
purchase of an automobile is deduct-
ible, irrespective of whether the car
is used for business or pleasure.
If a passenger car is used wholly
for business purposes, all expenses
FARM NOTES.
_ —A profitable orchard is one which
is pruned, sprayed and cultivated.
—The farmer who sows clean” seed
will reap, but the farmer who sows
foul seed will weep.
—Keep in touch with your State
college of agriculture for new and
promising plant varieties.
a.
—On old land it is recommended to
spread the lime on top after it is
plowed and disk it in so it is well
mixed with the soil.
Don’t cut off the low limbs on
young apple trees, for they bear one-
third to half the fruit right where it
can be picked without a ladder.
—Equal parts of steam bone meal
and limestone is the best mineral
mixture to supply phosphorus and
calcium to cattle; and these two are
usually all that is needed.
—Dealers and farmers expecting to
sell farm seeds in Pennsylvania next
spring should get tests made and
labels ready now to avoid delay. This
is the advice issued by the State bu-
reau of plant industry.
All dealers offering agricultural
seeds for sale for seeding purposes
must attach to each package weigh-
ing ten pounds or more a label giv-
ing: (1)—The commonly accepted
name of the seeds; (2)—The percent-
age, by weight, of impurity; (3)—
The percentage, by weight, of weed
seeds; (4)—The name and number
per ounce of noxious weed seeds; (5)
—The percentage of germination of
the seeds, with date of test; (6)—
the name and address of the vendor.
The following seeds are declared
as noxious: Wild onion or garlic,
quack grass, dodders, Canada thistle,
devil's paint brush, king devil, peren-
nial sow thistle, horse nettle, bind-
weed.
It is unlawful to sell, offer or ex-
pose for sale or distribution any agri-
cultural seeds, or any mixture of
them, for seeding purposes, when the
seeds or mixtures contain more than
93 per cent, by weight, of weed seeds,
or contain one or more seeds of dod-
der or one or more seeds of Canada
thistle to five grams of such seed or
mixture.
These provisions apply to every
person or firm offering seed for sale
for seeding purposes, farmer and pro-
fessional dealers alike. Farmers may
sell seed in bulk to dealers without
the label.
Anyone may test his own seed, but
will be held responsible for the accur-
acy of the tests. Should the inspect-
or find the seed not to be as repre-
sented the seller is liable to prosecu-
tion and fine.
Samples may be sent to the seed
analyst, bureau of plant industry,
Harrisburg, Pa. The law fixes a fee
of 25 cents per sample, and fees
should accompany the samples.
The seed should be throughly mixed
so that the sample taken from it is
incident to maintenance; -including |$dpresentativé of the lot. The value
depreciation at the rate of 20 per
cent. per annum, may be deducted.
When the car is used “chiefly,” or
more than 50 per cent., for business,
and incidentally for pleasure, the ex-
pense may be deducted on a pro rata
basis.
Loss sustained by reason of dam-
age to a passenger automobile while
being used for pleasure is deductible.
If a motorist pays damages for in-
jury to a pedestrian, the ‘amount is
deductible, provided that, at the time
the injury occurred the car was be-
ing used for business. There has
never been a decision, however, on
whether a fine paid by a motorist
may be deducted.
Loss sustained when an automobile
used for business purposes is traded
in for a new car may be deducted.
The amount paid for insurance on
automobiles used for business pur-
poses is deductible and also the
amount of finance charges on a pur-
chased car which covers interest and
risk on the loan, but not the amount
covering the premium on insurance
to protect the finance company’s in-
terest.
The amount paid for an automobile
used for either business or pleasure
is not deductible—New York Times.
Visiting Sick is Held as Part of Min-
i ister’s Duty.
|
| A minister of the gospel, killed or
injured while enroute to visit a mem-
ber of his church who is ill, is act-
ing “in line of duty” and comes under
the benefits of the Workmen’s Com-
pensation Act.
men’s Compensation Board which af-
firmed an award made by a district
referee to Ella R. Headlee, of Homer
City. Her husband, pastor of a
church there, was overcome by car-
bon monoxide gas while making ad-
i justments on his automobile.
i The opinion pointed out that the
pastor had no fixed hours of duty and
that in preparing to visit a parish-
| ioner who was ill, he was “furthering
8 business or affairs of his employ-
er.”
BE
Nanty-Glo’s Evidence of Waning
Prosperity.
| From Nanty-Glo, Pa., Journal.
In mentioning the big drop in pos-
tal revenue at the Nanty-Glo office in
the Journal a few weeks ago, it was
| intimated that the coal companies
! bought their postal supplies else-
where, through their head offices.
Postmaster Cornely denies this, stat-
ing that all the local coal companies
bought their stamps here, in fact that
they were the best patrons the office
had. It seems the falling off was
mostly due to the dull times that pre-
vailed here as elsewhere—a sort of
mute evidence to the contrary of the
great prosperity we are told pre-
vails in this country.
Some books are to be tasted, oth-
ers to be swallowed, and some few to
be chewed and digested.—Bacon.
This ruling was made by the Work- -
| of the test rates on the careful taking
; of the sample, which should consist
of from two to four ounces.
—In the swipe feeding tests at the
Iowa experiment station one of the
important observations made was
the effect of sunlight on nutrition.
Those pigs that were fed out in the
open so they got plenty of sunlight
made about the same daily gain as
the ones fed inside. But they did it
more economically and on less feed.
The pigs fed inside required an
average of 425 pounds of feed for
each hundred pounds gain to réach a
weight of 225 pounds, while those
fed out in the sunlight reached the
same weight, with only 391 pounds of
feed for each hundred pounds in-
creased weight. The outside fed
pigs made $1.02 more per head over
and above feed costs than did those
fed inside.
Mr. Evaard, who was in charge of
the experin ents, thinks that sunshine
| was responsible for the difference. He
is convinced of this because of the
| fact that the outside fed pigs did not
do nearly so well during the early
part of the feeding season, when the
days were short and cold. On the
other hand, after the days became ;
| longer and more mild, there was a
' marked improvement in their\ gains.
During the early part of the feeding
| season it took about 10 pounds gain
for the outside feed pigs, but at the
close, when the days were longer,
these pigs ate about 70 pounds less
, feed for each 100 pounds gain than
did those fed inside.
The conclusion drawn is that prob-
ably in midwinter, during the short
days and severe weather, it is well to
feed pigs inside. When this is done,
however, they should, by all means,
have alfalfa hay as a source of vita-
mine D to take the place of the sun’s
rays, and to aid in assimilating min-
erals. As soon as the days lengthen
and the weather becomes more mild,
the pigs should be given their feed
outside.
—Ordinary adhesive tape, used for
| emergency mending on everything
from a cut finger to a punctured tire,
proves to be the long-sought means
| for saving millions of young trees in
nurseries from crown-gall, rookknot
and similar malformations. The dis-
| covery was made by Prof. A. J. Riker
and his associates of the University
of Wisconsin.
The germs of crowngall and similar
, tumorous diseases of plants, which
have caused heavy losses for years in
the nursery business, get into freshly
made grafts through the freshly cut
surfaces which are normally suppos-
ed to grow together in a smooth un-
jon. The usual types of wrapping
used on grafted trees fail to keep
them out. But an overlapping wrap-
ping of adhesive tape excludes them
effectively and permits success with
over 90 per cent of all grafts made,
Professor Riker reports.
! There are seventy negro doctors in
| the United States.
Making A Will A Duty
HE making of a Will is a duty that
T every man owes to himself. And the
selection of a proper Executor is part of this
duty. More and more prudent men are
naming corporate executors rather than in-
dividuals. The corporation does not die; it
has trained officers to do its work. It is
under strict supervision by the State. It
offers many advantages, let Us act for you.
The First. National Bank
BELLEFONTE, PA.
How Assuring
T is nice to know that whatever
befalls you, you have the depend-
able protection of funds to your
credit at the First National Bank.
Your account is invited.
8 per cent. Interest Paid on Savings Accounts
THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK
STATE COLLEGE, PA.
MEMBER FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM
RSS ERC CC ES CCRC NAAN SIAM OAR AAS) AR
Any Men’s or Boys’
Winter Overcoat
at exactly
! PRICE
Our Entire Stock of Winter
Overcoats—none reserved—at |
one-half the Regular Price....
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Don’t let this go by!