Dome iad Bellefonte, Pa., February 8, 1929. FATHER OF LINCOLN LIVED IN BERKE COUNTY. Whenever Abraham Lincoln's birthday appears on the calendar, Berks county folks feel the pride of possession. The Lincolns and the Boones were one of Berks’ “F. F.s” in a very real sense. The first families in this region included Swede and English colonists. There is little doubt but that the Lincolns were of English origin, but at various times the Boones divide on the question of their ancestry, some claiming Eng- lish and others Swedish' or other Scandinavin origin. At any rate the forebears of Abraham Lincoln and of Daniel Boone, president and pioneer, respectively, once lived in Berks county. Down in Exeter township, near what is now known as Lorane Sta- tion, the old Lincoln homestead still stands, while nearby is the home in which Daniel Boone was born. Berks county seemed to be a sort of stop- ping, not so much a permanent abid- ing place, for most of these pioneers. In the slow march of centuries a gen- eration stopped in one section or State, established a home, and then moved on, 20, 40 or 60 years later, to another State further South or fur- ther West. From eastern Pensylvania these pioneers, after erecting a home in Berks and leaving some of the sev- eral families in this county, moved to Virginia, and then on to Kentucky and Illinois. According to data col- lected many years ago the Lincolns took nearly two centuries to move from near Boston, in 1657, to the Middle West, which sent Abraham Lincoln to the White House just two centuries, plus four years, after Mor- decai Lincoln was born, in 1657. From Massachusetts they went to Jersey, and thence to Chester county. Later they came to Berks, where an- other Mordecai, Thomas and John maintained the line of succession down to John’s son, Abraham, father of Thomas, father of Abraham Lin- coln, in succession. The Lincolns and Boones of that early date were peo- ple of consequence. An Abraham Lincoln was a county commissioner and later a legislator and member of the Constitutional convention, while the Boones filled numerous of- fices within the gift of the citizens of Berks. These people were extensive landowners, but the ‘call of the wild” ‘lured them to the South and the Great west . In those days the phrase, “call of the wild,” had not yet been invented, but the lure of the open was in their blood, and they re- sponded to it: Many left Berks, and in other communities they left the same strong impress of personality that the family manifested here. The Lincolns of Berks have always been strong, sturdy folks, upright in life and carriage, in their dealings with the community in general. They were the type of people who later produced the man the nation knew and delighted to call “Honest Abe.” Berks was'’a" primitive’ place, ‘a roughly hewn group of colonies in the wilderness; when {John Lincoln, great, segadtather of Abtabam, wed in that section: * Soon after Reading was laid out, which was shortly before 1750, John Lincoln sold his farm holdings and went to Vi ia. This was in 1765, as established in the Berks tax lists. In 1782 John’s son Abraham went to Kentucky and in two years’ time was killed by the Indians. Abra- bam’s third and youngest son was Thomas, father of Abraham, the President. Game Commission Plans to Raise Turkeys. Spurred by its success in other lines of game propagation, the board of game commissioners has decided: to attempt the raising of wild tur- Keys. Although a number of details are yet to be worked out because of the natural difficulties attending the pro- ject, it is expected to have every- thing ready for the attempt by the spring hatching season. One of the difficulties mentioned is that very. fine line which divides the, tame and wild turkey. Tamég turkeys easily become wild and wild turkeys can be domesticated. The commis- sion wants to keep the turkeys wild, ae : Hohe too easy’ enough that a mark for the nimrods. In addition, young turkeys of any kind are difficult to raise, and, be- cause of cost of the eggs, the com-’ mission is anxious that they be hatch- ed under the most favorable condi- tions, and that the young ones be surrounded by every precaution to carry them safely through the dan- ger period. PEE ——————— Fishing Licenses Seat to Counties. Every county treasurer in the Commonwealth now has been fur- pished with both the resident and non- resident fisherman's licenses for the year 1929. The cost of the resident license will remain the same as in 1928—$1.50, plus 10 cents for the county treasurer's fee. The non-resi- dent license is reciprocal, but in no | 8¥0 Watanes is the fee to be less than 50. The hoard urges upon all fisher- men to secure their licenses at BS early a date as possible, so that the board will have sufficient funds: avail- able for continuing: its’ construction work at the sites for the two new hatcheries, at Tionesta ‘and 'Rey-- noldsdale. The total receipts from the sale of licenses for the year 1927 amounted to $293,397, and for the year 1928, -$382,914. This is an in- crease -of $90,000 over 1927. —Johnny came back from the cir- cus much exgited. “Oh, mamma,” he exclaimed, “Katie spilled some pea- nuts onthe and what do you thing happened? The elephant pick- ed them up ‘with his vacuum clean- or.”—Ohio Utility News. | STATUS OF INDIAN IN U. S. IMPROVING. American Indians are no longer a vanishing race. They own property of all kinds valued at more than a billion and a half dollars and those who are competent to handle their affairs are free from jurisdiction of the United States bureau of Indian affairs. Only 15 per cent of the mem- bers of the five civilized tribes of Ok- lahoma come under the jurisdiction of this bureau. Altogether about one- third of the Indians in this country are free to dispose of their lands as they see fit. The Indians have made more rapid progress during the last 50 years than any other dependent people in the history of the world. In their efforts they have been aided by the government. In their ambition to be self-supporting they have gone a long way toward success. Actual figures show that the death rate of the red- men has decreased from 35.55 per 1,000 in 1711 to 21.8 per 1,000 in 1927 and that the birth rate increased to exceed the death rate. In 1900 there were about 270,000 Indians and the population for 1928 is approximately 356,000. Citizenship has been conferred up- on all Indians in the United States. Prior to 1924 only two thirds of them were citizens. The United States Supreme court holds that citizenship is not incompatible with tribal exis- tence or continued guardianship and so may be conferred without com- pletely emancipating the Indians or placing them beyond the reach of congressional regulations adopted for their protection. Social life for the Indian is broad- ening with his interests in educa- tion and industry. The fact that more Indian children than ever before are attending public schools indicates the advance that has been made. On many reservations the government schools have been displaced entirely by the public schools. But there is still an obvious need for Indian schools, for there are 200 reserva- tions with almost that many tribes and 58 languages. Less than half the population can speak English. The federal government undertook after the reservation system had de- stroyed their old system of primitive education, which was suited to the needs of the early Indians. Difficul- ties have arisen in educating them because they learned English as a foreign language, if they learned it at all. Also the Indian parents were an- tagonistic to the movement. How- ever, there are at this time over 75,- 000 Indian children eligible to attend school. The government schools care for a third of this number, and the mission schools have enrolled about 5,000. Several thousand do not go to school and the others are pupils at public schools. Government schools include 27 non- reservation boarding schools, 51 reservation day schools. The nonres- ervation schools carry instruction be- yond the elementary grades for pupils who have the desire and abil- ity to learn. The larger nonreserva- tion schools such as Haskell institute at Lawrence, Kan.; Phoenix Indian an school in Chemawa, ‘Sherman institute. at Ore.; and Riverside, offer industrial struction in addition to six elemen- tary grades. Most of the rservation day and boarding schools offer only the ele- mentary grades. On the fourth fifth, and sixth grades such subjects as agriculture, stock raising and trades are taught boys, and the girls study home training, cooking, plain sewing, laundering, and poultry rais- ing. Academic instruction is given in subjects essential to vocational ad- vancement. laste FEEDING ALBINO RATS TO FIND IRON SOURCES. In a study of the power of foods to supply iron to the body, using al- bino rats as subjects, the Institute of Animal Nutrition at the Pennsyl- vania State College has made some important and interesting discover- ies. It was learned that a baby albino rat is born with the same percentage {of iron in: its body :’ that adult: rats on its mother’s milk alone its per- centage of iron content diminishes ‘one-half. Soon :after the little ‘rat begins ‘to eat solid’food ‘its iron con- tent returns to the normal adult val- ue and remains at about a level throughout life, except as temporar- ily reduced by the rearing of young. When growing rats were fed so that they got protein and iron only from milk they grew very rapidly, but in five weeks, as with the suck- ling rats, the iron content of their bodies was reduced to 50 per cent of | the normal; that is, they became ane- mic. With eggs as the sole source of protein and iron the growth again was excellent, but the iron content, though higher than in the milk-fed rats, was definitely below normal. Rats which received their protein and jron from beef muscle, liver, Kidney and brain, and from beans, did not w as fast as did rats which re- ceived milk or eggs, but the iron con- tent of their bodies was normal in each case. The most important conclusion drawn from this study by the In- stitute is that meat and milk have different functions in nutrition and it is best not to depend on either to take the natural place of the other. Examine 3756 Specimens. During the last thirty day period the Pennsylvania State health de- partment’s laboratories have exam- ined 8756 specimens forwarded by physicians throughout the Common- wealth. These Jaborataries, oa in the hygisne building at the - versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, vender ‘this gervice free to the medi- the education of the Indian children i school: at Phoenix, Ariz.; Salem Indi-. Calif., are well known. ' These sghools- “and vocational .in-. have, but during the time that it lives’ wn NEW REGULATIONS FOR TEACHERS’ CERTIFICATES. Numerous revisions of the regula- tions governing issuance of teachers’ certificates have been approved by the State Council of Education. Some of the new regulations ap- proved will not become effective for several years and will give teachers lacking the necessary requirements ample time to qualify. The detailed action of the council was as follows: After September 1, 1931 teachers will be required to present three years of approved post-high school preparation for teaching art educa- tion, commercial education, health education and music. The standard will increase until after 1932 when all licenses for the secondary field will be issued on the completion of four years of post-high school prep- aration. In the vocational fields ap- proved experience will be accepted in discharge of part of this requirement. After September 1, 1931 teachers will be required to complete eighteen semester hours of approved prepara- tion in each subject that the teacher desires to teach in the secondary field, which includes the junior and senior high school. After September 1, 1932 all persons desiring to teach in the junior high school will be issued licenses to teach in this field if they have had four years of post-high school preparation. The council has created a new certificate to be known as principal's certificates. These certificates will not be required but are provided for such persons who desire to meet pro- fessional requirements prescribed for this type of license. Many school districts desiring to raise the stand- |ards beyond the minimum require- | ments by the State council will likely insist that all new principals secure such certification. This certificate will be issued to holders of perma- nent college certificates or equivalent | certificates who have completed sub- sequent to the issuing of such cer- ! tificates not less than two years suc- cessful teaching, supervisory or ad- : ministrative experience and in addi- | tion twelve semester hours in approv- ed courses in the field of secondary school organization and administra- | tion; or where the principal's certif- ‘icate is desired for the elementary field, the approved courses must he in the field of elementary organiza- tion and administration. Provision was also made for the licensing of guidance counsellors. This certificate will not be required, but its possession indicates that the holder has in the judgment of the State Council of Education, the minimum preparation which should be required for this type of position. the above preparation will be enti- tled to this form of certificate. The council also adopted a regula- tion to the.effect that after July 1, 1920 no credit will be allowed for teaching experience completed at any time in lieu of attendance at regularly approved teacher preparation in- stitutions except to meet the practice teaching requirements. ‘KILL 64 WILDCATS IN 3 THE PAST MONTH. vol WP Yili +h . EY oie ‘ Industrial Pensylvania,” crowded with cities. . and factories: dis.atill wild enough that 64 wildcats can be shot in 26 of the 27 counties in one month. The State Game Commission reporting on bounty payments for the killing of noxious animals during December revealed that 64 ‘cata- mounts” were among the animals on which bounties were paid. Nine of the cats were killed in Pot- ter county, and Bedford bagged six. Luzerne, one of the five most popu- lous counties in the State, killed five wild cats, the same number was slain in Clinton and Pike counties. each were killed in Bradford, Centre, Lycoming, Tioga and Wayne coun- ties; two each in Monroe, Northamp- ton and Perry counties. Game experts attributed the un- usually large number of cats captur- ed to snow, which made it easy for and place their traps. Frequently bounty is claimed for not more than one wild cat in a month. The total paid by the commission for bounties in December was $18,- 722. ' This included * 64 wild’ ‘cats at $15 each, 1260 gray foxes at $4 each 698 red foxes at $2 each and 11,276 oe of any county, $701, with Lycoming second with $606. Although only $6 was paid to Philadelphia, for killing amount, for Delaware county receiv- ed only $5 for trapping five weasels. Effort to Increase Strawberry Profits To determine the major factors which affect the returms to growers the Department of Agriculture is to study the strawberry industry in re- gard to price ranges, composition of market supply, weather conditions and competition of other fruits. Economic information already has been gathered in North Carolina, Vir- ginia, Tennessee, Kentucky and Flor- ida. Similar work will be undertak- en in New Jersey, Delaware, Louis- jana and Arkansas. Maryland State College of Agriculture is independ- ently instituting a similar survey in that State. Factors of particular interest in the organization of the farm; the seasonal movement from different arsas, the variation in time and per- ercrowd paticular markets and meth- ods of marketing .and transportation. Gum Arabic. Gum arabic comes from a variety of acacia tree grown in Turkey, Aus- tralia and northern Africa. It is used in confectionery, such as marshmal- lows and gumdrops, in making muci- lage and to add luster to silk. Guidance counsellors who now have . Three trappers to track them to their lairs ‘weasels at $1. each. Centre ‘county trappers earned the largest amount six weasels, it was not the smallest which it is expected this study. will disclose are the place of ‘strawberries iod of movement, the tefidency to ov- | to know or care much about the poor old martyr himself, who is, 1 imagine, much astonished at finding himself invoked as a kind of Chris- tian Cupid, but we think of his day and the opportunity it offers for both romance and fun. saint was ever given this delight- ful position as aribiter in love affairs is a mystery which has claimed the attentioh of archeologists for centur- ies, but no one has come to any sat- isfactory solution. The best and most general is that the Roman Luprocal- ia, the festival of Pan and Juno, as held at this time, and the Christian Church, wishing to keep the young people from joining the pagan revels, instituted a mild amusement, con- sisting of drawing the names of pa- tron saints to be held on the feast of St. Valentine, bishop and martyr. ment rather flat and uninteresting even in the first fervor of early Christianity, so they began to liven things up for themselves by substi- tuting their own names saints, and so when Francesca Marc’ Antonio drew the name of Carcella Aurelia Caracci he naturally, being a wholesome human boy, took an in- terest in her, and paid her some lit- tle attentions, and that is the origin of our present-day valentines. Every now and again during the centuries we find some stern ascetic raising his voice in horrified censure of such frivolity, human nature is more general than asceticism, and love is stronger than all, sq St. Val- entine triumphed, and lived down the opposition and we go gaily on giving parties, playing games and telling fortunes on February 14 to an ac- | companying rhyme of “loves” and | “lovers,” and “hearts” and “darts,” ‘and “be mines” and “valentines,” with, let us hope, the good old bishop smiling his approval from above. eee A flee Less Prosecution Means Better Food. With three exceptions, the number of prosecutions for violating Penn- i gylvania food laws was the lowest in 1928 of any year since 1910. “This low number of violations, in the face of even greater effort to detect food adulteration and mis- representation, indicates that the quality of foods offered for sale in Pennsylvania is better today than ev- er before in the history of the Com- monwealth,” Dr. Kellogg asserted. ‘One of the outstanding violations discovered during the year was the coffee-chicory fraud in Western Pennsylvania, which required approx- imately 100 prosecutions before the adulteration was completely stopped. ‘The adulteration of olive oil with cot- tonseed and other vegetable oils was another extensive fraud which re- quired a large number of prosecu- tions. Other cases of special interesct were the large number of legal ac- tions involving the sale of bakery products containing imitation jelly instead of the pure jelly. Other vi- olations more frequent in the past, but still existing to a limited extent in the Comomnwealth, include the sale of cold storage and stale eggs ‘as fresh eggs, the sale of milk and ‘cream deficient in butter fat, the “sale of honey adulterated with glu- cose, the sale of decomposed meats and fish, the sale of butter adulterat- ed with water, the sale of artificial- ly colored and misbranded caruonat- ed beverages and the sale of watef- ed oysters. trams fy fe —The trouble with most men’s church clubs is that they do little more than cater to table boarders. SE ea Os use yUCiUES § Ur eed f U3! Ue] Ue | fF Rk WE FIT THE FEET Why the good | | goes wrong in the kitchen, the whole | show’s off.—George C. Cobb of Wor- | cester, Mass. | ep ere | | TRAIN PUPILS FOR CITIZEN’S DUTIES. Reports by the Department of Pub- lic Instruction indicate that training |in citizenship has become an out- | standing practice in Pennsylvania ‘high schools. Citizenship training is | carried on through pupil participa- tion in school government; through { the study of civics, history and prob- | lems of democracy; and through vis- lits to local court houses, the State and | national capitols, and to shrines of | historic interest. | With the convening of the State Legislature, many history and social One can hardly blame the youths science teachers are planning to vis- of the time for finding this entertain- | jt Harrisburg with their classes to | | observe the processes by which the | laws of the State are enacted. | According to officials in the De- | partment, Pennsylvania high schools for the | are developing a very effective pro- st. Bellefonte, Pa. | gram of citizenship teaching through | courses of study in history and civ- | jcs. Statistics compiled by the divi- | sion of secondary education show {that in 1927-28, 61,232 pupils were | enrolled in high school courses in | community civics, 33,609 in economic | civics, 35,452 in vocational civics, 193,573 in European or world history, 1 112,565 in American history, and 29,- 849 in problems of democracy or re- | lated courses. |iod there were 342,938 pupils enroll- {ed in the junior and senior high i schools of the State. It is further pointed out that the State program aims to give the pupii a knowledge and appreciation of na- tional and State history, and also familiarize him with the great move- ments in the history of the world. In addition, the pupil is definitely in- structed in political, economic and so- cial principles, and their relation to local, State, national and internation- al problems. A further objective is to familiarize boys and girls with oc- cupational and educational opportun- ities and to help the individual pupil to know how his abilities and capaci: ties can be best employed in the work of the world. em amp Ape eerste. New Style Auto Licenses in 1930. Orders have been placed by the Highway Department for the manu- facture of the 1930 automobile li- cense plates under a different system. A combination of numerals and let- ters will be used and no tag will con- tain more than five units. The department is having approxi- mately 1,830,000 sets of tags made for next year. It is estimated that about $75,000 will be saved on, mail- ing costs, freight and steel for manu- facture. The tags are to be made by convicts at the Western Penitentiary. Under the present system all let- ters are ahead of the numerals, but after next year the letters will have no fixed position. It is estimated that more than a million additional automobiles can be licensed by the new system. Keep Tags Intact. Warning against cutti or bend- ing license tags to make them fit the ed today by Benjamin G. Eynon, Reg- istrar of Motor Vehicles. Owners were reminded that the tags must not be obscured, must be lighted and kept free from dirt. —Subscribe for the Watchman. . COMFORT GUARANTEED Tic ict | Baney’s Shoe Store Ti i = WILBUR H. BANEY, Proprietor =) =i7 30 years in the Business 3 Si BUSH ARCADE BLOCK L BELLEFONTE, PA. > =| ll oh SERVICE OUR SPECIALTY Sh L Le LELERIET > = UC SUCILIC =1i=y) == =i) = P.L. Beeger Estate.....Meat Market Where Do Yon Buy the meat you prepare for the family? You should.choose your butcher with the same care that you ido your physician or any oth- er person who may control the health of those you love. ful in the selection and cutting of all kinds of meat, we-take pride in a reputation for having the best the market affords. Telephone 667 .Matket on the Diamond ‘Bellefonte, Penna. During the same per- bracket on the automobile was voie- | Cheerfully sad fH Oh, Yes! Call Bellefonte 432 71-16-t¢ Lumber, Sash, Doors, Millwork and Roofing VALENTINE. | The men are encouraged to come to | ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW The ve rd bri St. Val gst 2.g00d mop] on 2 JAORtA-— and ! KLINE WOODRING.—Attorney-as : Ty wo rings St. Valen- | that's about all it amounts to. Then Go tine to mind, not that one seems | in the course of time, if something 5 Son I oats i Exchange. 51-1y | Y KENNEDY JOHNSTON.—Attorney-at- ! Law, Bellefonte, Pa. Prompt at- tention given all legal business em- trusteed to hiis care. Offices—No. 5, East High street. 57-44 M. KEICHLINE. — Attorney-at-Law and Justice of the Peace. All pre= fessional business will receive | prompt attention. Offices on second floer i of Temple Court. 49-5-1y G. RUNKLE.—Attorney-at-Law, Com- | sultation in English and German. | Office in Crider’'s Exchange, Belle- fonte, Pa. 53-8 | i mea PHYSICIANS L. CAPERS. OSTEOPATH. pz Bellefonte State College Crider's Ex. 66-11 Holmes Bldg. 8. GLENN, M. D. Physician and Surgeon, State College, Centre county, Pa. Office at his residence. 35-41 D. CASEBEER, Optometrist.—Regis- tered and licensed by the State. Eyes examined, glasses fitted. Sat- isfaction guaranteed. Frames replaced | and leases matched. Casebeer Bug, Mig 71-224 VA B. ROAN, Optometrist, Licensed by the State Board. State College. | every day except Saturday, Bellefonte, in the Garbrick building op- ' posite the Court House, Wednesday after- noons from 2 to 8 p. m. and Saturdays 8 a. m. to 4.30 p. m. Bell Phone 68-40 FEEDS! We have taken on the line of Purina Feeds We also carry the line of Wayne Feeds Together with a full line of our own feeds. Purina Cow Chow, 34% = 3.10 per H. Purina Cow Chow, 24% 2.80per H. Wayne Dairy, 32% - 3.05 per H. Wayne Dairy, 24% - 2.75 per H. Wayne Eee Mash - 3.20 per H. Wayne Calf Meal - 4.25 perH. Ryde’s Calf Meal - $5.00 per H. Wagner's Pig Meal - 2.80perH.. Wagners egg mas - 2.80 per H. h Wagner's Dairy Feed 22% 2.50 per H. Wagner's: Dairy Mixture of ‘bran, cotton seed ? meal, oil meal and gluten, 30% - - 2.80 per H. 0il Meal, 34% - 3.35 per H. Flax Meal - - = 2.40 per H. Cotton seed meal, 43% 3.00 per H. Gluten feed, 23% - 2.60 per'H. Fine ground Alfalfa - 2.25 per H. Orbico meat, fish and min- eral . - - 3.75 per H. Orbico Mineral - - 2.75 per Meat meal, 50% - 4.00 per H. Tankage, 60% - - - 425perH. We can sell the above feeds and mix with your corn and oats chop and make you a much cheaper dairy feed than the ready mixed feed. We have a full line of scratch feeds, mixed and pure corn chop, bran, mid- dlings of the best quality on hands at the right prices. We will deliver all feeds for $2.00 per ton extra. If You Want Good Bread or Pastry TRY “OUR BEST” OR . “GOLD COIN” FLOUR C.Y. Wagner & Co. | gg-11-1yr. BELLEFONTE, PA. Caldwell & Son Bellefonte, Pa. Plumbing and Heating a Vapor....Steam By Hot Water Pipeless Furnaces Full Line of Pipe and Fit- tings and Mill Supplies All Sizes of Terra Cotta Pipe and Fittings ‘15L,