Brunei
Bellefonte, Pa, May 11, 1928
A THOUGHT OF MOTHER.
The world is wide, and men have needs,
Need all their faiths and all their creeds
And all the wisdom of the past
To bring them safely home at last.
And many volumes I have read,
And heard the things the sages said—
And yet I know another way:
A thought of Mother every day.
The world is hard, temptations hide
By every hill and harbor side,
And men have need of something true
To keep them clean and get them through.
But there is little room for sin
In hearts where Mother dwells within,
And this will save the sons who stray:
A thought of Mother every day.
The world is great, and great the strife,
And crowded is the road of life,
And men must hurry who would find
The rainbow with the gold behind.
And yet I hope that men hold fast
To something sweet from out the past—
A gentle hand, a brow of gray,
A thought of Mother every day.
The world is dark; when sins beset,
Ah, yes, when even friends forget,
And when the dream you dream in vain,
One thought will help you bear the pain,
One thought will help to keep you right,
Will keep the lamp of faith alight;
One thought will aid you all the way:
A thought of Mother every day.
—By Douglas Malloch.
reese reese
CAN YOU BEAT THE GAME?
All of us have had mothers; some
of us have been fortunate enough to
have them with us till middle age;
others, like myself, do not remember
their mothers. My mother died when
I was an infant.
In such cases, sometimes one will
acquire a foster mother. Such a case
was mine. But again, I was unfor-
tunate; she died when I was eleven
years old.
All mothers, or foster mothers, have
a desire to lead their children or
adopted children, as the case may be,
in the straight and narrow path. My
foster mother tried to lead me that
way. Every Sunday I was washed
and dressed and sent on my way to
church, or went with her. At times
when the good lady was sick and could
not go, I was always prepared by an
older sister, and sent on my way.
Numerous times I never reached the
church; even at that tender age I was
wild. I’d meet other boys just as wild
and we would play hooky.
If one could see ahead as one could
behind, what a lot of trouble one
could avoid, and how diligently one
would pay attention to the Godly
teachings of his mother or foster
mother. :
By not paying attention to her
motherly advice, and that of a few
other folks since that time, I be-
came what I am today—a physical
wreck, with old age close by, and few
friends. ¥
Our home was in a New England
village, not far from Boston.
Forty or more years ago, as any-
one who lived there then knows, Sun-
day was a day of rest, and the toll-
ing of the church bells is ringing in
ny ears as I write. Nearly every
one, unless sick, went to church on
Sunday, with few exceptions.
In such a Godly atmosphere one
would think a boy could not go wrong.
But as I said above, I was young, full
of pep; and such boys are like a dan-
gerous young bull; they should, fig-
uratively speaking, be led by a line
and a ring in their nose.
I had no one to put a ring in my
nose, or even to lead me by a line.
My foster mother was very old, my
sister very young; consequently I did
very much as I wished.
I was considered a bright boy, very
quick to learn when they could keep
me in school, which was only about
two thirds of the time. Once the
school authorities bribed me to go a
full term without playing hooky once.
The reward was a twenty dollar
gold piece, a suit of clothes, a sled,
oranges and candy. I collected the
reward, but it was the only term I did
not play hooky, to my recollection.
A couple of years before the death
of my foster mother, a circus came to
the city close by, about five miles
from our village. It was the famous
P. T. Barnum circus.
In those day, forty-five years or
more ago, circuses were different
from now. The laws were not so strict,
for one thing; the circus people, and
others trailing along, could do most
anything—except murder—to get the
sucker’s money.
All of us kids in our village were
crazy to see the circus; all children
are.
By threats and cajoling I prevailed
upon my foster mother to let me go.
Of course the sister went also. My
foster mother could ill afford the ex-
pense; she was a widow and support-
ed us children by taking in washing.
Nevertheless she could not resist
our pleading, and we went on the old
Concord stage. The memory of the
day lingers, and will so long as life
lasts.
Arriving at the circus grounds, I
was all eyes and ears. Stretched out
along what we would now call the
midway, were all kinds of stands and
games. At the end of the stands was
a game that fascinated me.
It was nearly surrounded by a
crowd of men. A fellow was stand-
ing behind the counter, and he had
three little shells—walnut shells I be-
lieve—and a little ball about the size
of a pea.
He would hold the shells and ball
in his hands, then quickly spread
them on the counter and bet the men
they could not pick up, on first try,
the shell concealing the ball.
I stood there, pop-eyed with aston-
ishment, and if I had been older and
had money, I was confident I could
find the ball. But, like the other
men, I couldn’t; it’s hard to beat a
man at his own game,
I pondered over the game for weeks
and how easy it seemed to get somg:
thing for nothing! But something for
nothing, in the long run, generally thing else. The first, or relatively
costs a pretty penny. i
I found it to be so later in life. And
all the time I thought that the good
harmless tribe, was the one I fell in
; with.
| My employer soon taught me all
BR
THE FUTURE OF ELECTRICITY
IN THE OPEN COUNTRY.
A vision into the future when all
isi me was my | the tricks of his trade, and many a | State ‘highways will be illuminated by
Ar ie was the oy | dollar I turned over to him. But he | electricity which will be generally
one I had.
was a good fellow, and as long as I
{used on farms is outlined in a state-
At my foster mother’s death, my : obeyed his instructions I got along , ment by Owen D. Young, chairman of
sister—now about sixteen years old
—told me that I had other sisters and
brothers, and she said to me, “I'm
going to send you to one—a sister
who is married.”
She tagged me, like some farmers
do cattle when they ship them, bought
me a railroad ticket and put me on the
train in charge of the conductor. My
ticket was to a far distant city in the
Empire State.
Arriving at the city about 2 A. M,,
the Conductor who went further un
his trip, told me to stay in the sta-
tion until morning. It was a terrible
night in the dead of winter, and snow-
ing hard—one of the graet blizzards.
I was in the station but a little while
when the guard chased me out. I
insisted that I came on the train, but :
he would not believe me and made me
leave.
I will never forget that night, or
that station guard. This city, at that
time, was of about 40,000 population,
much larger than I had been accus-
tomed to.
I had mv sister’s address, and be-
ing a game kid, just twelve years old
at this time, I boldly struck out up:
the main street, looking for a police-
man or any one to ask directions
from.
The snow was then three or four
feet deep, and more in some places.
I could not see a living soul in that
big city. As I said before, I was a
| fine and he treated me well.
{ I stayed with him until I was near-
ly twenty-one years old, and during
that time I often met others of the
| other class—the safe-blowers, house- |
prowlers and con men. When I was
twenty or twenty-one, I demanded my
i right to work for myself. After sev-
: eral violent quarrels we parted.
| In a short itme I met one of this
i man’s friends—mine also, for I had
met him with the other. He prevailed
on me to join him in crooked work.
Adventure by this time being strong
in my system, I did, and one other
| joining us—also an old acquaintance
—we were soon knocking boxes off all
over the country. In time I learned
all there was to know about the busi-
ness.
But, you will say, did it pay?
I thought
. Could you beat the bame?
I had the game beat once—had twen-
ty grand in my kick—but you know
the old saw—‘“come easy, go easy”’—
and “a fool”—you know what I mean.
Also you know what the old Rail !
Splitter said, “You can’t fool the folks
all the time.”
Can you beat the game? Yes, if
you call beating the game as it’s
known here on this plane. If you are
rone of the very smart and pitiably
‘few who do beat the game, and get
: by here, can you, or do you think you
"have beaten Eternity.
Don’t fool yourself! You can beat
i the board of directors of the General
Electric Company and member of the
Dawes Reparation Commission.
In his discussion of the electrifica-
tion of highways and farms, Mr.
Young declared that while it was of
course visionary, it was practical and
without doubt, woudl be the next
big step in the application of electric-
lity, one of man’s greatest servants,
to greater use for the benefit of man-
kind.
The matter has been discussed in
all its phases by the officials of the
General Electric company. Mr. Young
said. The first problem to consider
is the matter of lighting the public
highways. I think of the great bene-
fit that would result if our State high-
ways were well lighted at all times.
It would mean a great decrease in the
number of accidents. It would make
the highways safe for travel by any-
one at any time. The power com-
panies are considering this matter
very seriously at present.
In order to light our State highways
it would be necessary to get the co-
1 operation of the State Highway De-
partment. A tax, very small and in-
| significant, placed on every motor ve-
"hicle by the State would furnish suf-
| ficient funds to take care of the cost |
| of installing these lights.
{ Once the lines for the lights were
| extended by the power companies, the
| vest would be a simple matter. Of
bright kid, and after going a few |that game only with clean hands and | course the farmers along the road
blocks, I turned off on a side street——
a residential street—the one I had
been on was all business houses. I
knocked hard with an old-fashioned
knocker, on the door of a frame
house.
A man finally opened a second story
window and asked what I wanted. I
asked directions to a certain street, 1ifé barred me from their company.
t]
then I heard a woman’s voice say:
“John, that’s just a boy down there.”
I could not hear his reply, then hd
shouted down directions.
I was lucky. I was near the street
where my sister lived, and I soon
found the street. In those days we
had no parlor matches, we had only
the sulphur kind which came in block
form. I had quite a block of them in
my inside coat pocket. Any one read-
ing this, if he lived at that time
knows how slow they were to flare up.
Finally, after a weary hour or so,
I reached my sister’s house. My
strength and matches were nearly all
gone. I had to go into every yard and
strike several, sometimes, to see the |
numbers over the doors.
I did not know I was so cold until
I got by the hot stove, then the pain
was so great that I cried, just like
any kid would. My brother-in-law
went outside and got a washtub full !
of snow an® rubbed me all over with
it. But for that I guess I would have
been sick and frost-bitten.
very angry about my being put out
of the depot.
In his younger days he had been an
athlete and as soon as he could which
was two days after the storm, he went
to the depot and beat the man so bad-
ly with his fists that he had to pay a
heavy fine. At the time it tickled me,
but now, in mature judgment, I say:
What's the use? It did not better
my condition.
If any one nearing middie age reads
this story of my life, they will re-
member the yellow-back novels at the
time. There are novels of adventure
now, but they do not compare with
the Deadwood Dicks and old sleuths
of the eighties. They were the real
blood and thunder kind.
I used to read them all the time I
was not asleep, or eating—and when
the teacher was not looking. Many
times she caught me reading them
when I ought to have been studying.
She would confiscate them and burn
them in the old-fashioned stove.
I sometimes think, and am almost
convinced, that some remote ances-
tor of mine was a pirate, or some-
thing similar. As long as I can re-
member I've been seeking adventure.
Always wanting to see what’s at the
end of the rainbow.
When I was a little past fourteen
years old, I caught the wanderlust;
and saying nothing to anyone, I
jumped the fast passenger train on
the New York Central one day, and
the next morning was in New York
city. How I escaped the law in such
a long ride I don’t know, but I did.
A friendly wheel-tapper in the great
train shed let me out a side door, on
the street, and I was in New York—
fourteen years old, and $1.60 in my
pocket.
Some way I drifted down on the
Bowery—a wild street in those days
—full of saloons and dance halls. I
fell in with other boys—bootblacks,
and news-boys. I stayed there for a
little over a year before the wander-
lust hit me again. Then I jumped a
train again—this time the Pennsylva-
nia over to Jersey City. It was head-
ed west—the way I wanted to go—I
was anxious to get west and see some
long haired cowboys.
The next day I was in Philadelphia.
I stayed there nearly one and a half
year. But I could not resist the urge
to wander, so I jumped numerous
trains and finally found myself in
Kansas.
There are people, even today, who
do not know the meaning of the word
“yegg.” Most people do, through read-
ing highly colored police reports of
some crime. Up until 1892 Old Billy
Pinkerton himself did not know that
the men whom later he called yeggs
were criminals, or hooks, to use our
expression. Until that time he con-
siderd thm just pan handlers.
I am, or was, personally acquainted
with the first Judas in what we called
our people—to turn traitor and wise
Old Billy up. He was a former heavy
man called Harry.
In my young days, when I first be-
came one of them in Kansas, he was
a youny man. And, by the way, there
were two kinds of yeggs. One kind
made their living by fooling the pub-
lic in such a way that it was only a
misdemeanor at law, at the most; this
kind never stole anything. The oth-
er branch of our tribe never did any-
‘no holding out.
I tried the game here for years,
{ with the exception of the time when
| I was inside looking out. All those
years after I hopped that first pas-
| senger train in New York State, I!
never met or knew a good woman. My
I met plenty of the other kind.
i My last time looking out instead of |
in, by what seemed the merest ac-'
cident IT formed the acquaintance of .
one of the good kind, by correspon-
dence.
! When released I went to visit her.
She came up fully to my visions of
her—a godly lady, trying in her weak
1 way to turn some misguided boy or!
| man on to the right road.
| I will ask again—can you beat the
igame? You may, but the chances are
{all against you; with the law now or-
! ganized, you have not much chance.
{ On the other hand, the last and fin-
| al game you can beat only in one way
—with clean hands and heart.
You young fellows—and old ones
too—know in your hearts that ninety-
nine out of a hundred following a
crooked life get killed, or sent away
for a long bit—a long, long bit.
While you are dashing along that
crooked trail that winds through the
swamps of all that’s slimy and vile,
, crossing. That railroad is the line of
| Justice. Step on the brakes hard be-
‘fore it is too late, or the engine of
| the law will run you down.
| Turn the old bus around and go
ack a piece till you come to that
| road. It leads over the beautiful via-
duct and crosses the line of Justice
! SYerhend, safe from the engine of the
aw.
The road leads into a beautiful val-
ley where all is serene, pure and good.
It will, at last, lead you into that oth-
er valley, and the Pearly Gate.
When you reach that gate, old St.
Peter, or whoever is at the door, will
slide a little wicket open, and he will
know you. He will say, as he opens
John Doe, alias Bill Brown!” He will
i say, “John, we have been keeping an
€ye on you below on the earth; you
{were awful bad for a while down
there, but you turned back that day
at the crossing and got on the
straight road; you repented of your
former meanness and tried to make
amends. Step right in, John.”
Then he’ll take you into the Regis-
ter room, and he’ll open a big book
and he’ll say, “Sign right here.”
_ Then he’ll escort you out on a beau-
tiful street, all lined with shade trees
and flowers, and he’ll point down the
| street and say: “John, go down there
three blocks till you come to a big
wide street, its Paradise Ave. Turn
to the right and go to mansion No.
40. Walk right in, the doors are al-
ways open, we have no keys, and in
the front room you will find a lady
waiting for you—your mother.—Re-
formatory Record.
Highways Require More than 6,000,-
000 Pieces of Printing Yearly.
While all owners and operators of
automobiles and other motor vehicles
have not yet obtained their 1928 1i-
censes the bureau of motor vehicles,
Department of Highways, is already
placing the orders for the 1929 license
printing, which totals nearly 6,050,000
pieces, covering but twelve orders.
These orders required the Bureau of
Publications, which has charge of all
printing for the Commonwealth, to
purchase about three box carloads of
paper stock. The size and style of the
1929 license cards will be materially
changed.
The quantity of the various kinds
of printing needed to handle the great
volume of work imposed on the De-
partment of Highways in registering
the motor cars in Pennsylvania is
shown in the principal orders. Out-
standing among these are those for
2,750,000 applications for registration
of jobbers and dealers; 400,000 record
of transfer of motor vehicle registra-
tion cards; 2,750,000 operators’ 1i-
cense cards and about 8,000 traction
engine license cards.
Delivery of this printing will be-
gin about July 1st.
The Department of Highways is
the largest user of printing in the
State government. 1927 approxi-
mately 40,000,000 pieces of printing
were ordered by that department. Of
that amount about 16,000,000 pieces
were envelopes. It is estimated that
this printing would fill almost eigh-
teen regular railroad box cars.
cross-road—that smooth, strai ght
the door, “Well, well, if it isn’t old |
{ would be expected to pay a part and
| subscribe for the power and lighting
for their farms. If the farmers, the
| power companies and the State De-
| partment of Highways will co-operate
{the problem is solved.
With the installation of the power
fied. It would bring every advantage
tend to keep a more intelligent class
of people on the farmis.
; discussing the matter of co-operation
cal equipment and the manufacturers
of farm machinery so that the manu-
facturer of standardized farm ma -
chinery suited to the use of stand-
ardized electrical motors and other
equipment will be brought about. We
are designing electric motors and elec-
trical appliances of all kinds with the
proper speeds so that they can be used
on the farms with standard farm ma-
chinery.
Heretofore, the farmer's great
problem has been in the marketing of
the fruit and produce that he raises.
| The producer suffers because there
‘are certain times of the year when
| the markets are flooded and the pro-
i duce will not bring a price even equal
i to the cost of picking. At other times
: of the vear. when the fruit and pro-
{ duce is scarce, it is very expensive
He was You Will finally come to a railroad | and the consumer foots the bill.
| The electrification of the farms will
. mean the installation of electric re-
"frigeration plants, either large ones,
co-operatively owned by the farmers
iin one section, or smaller ones on the
{ farms, so that the farmer can keep
his fruit and produce and control his
markets.
The farmer today is placed at a
| great disadvantage. He has no suit-
| able storage facilities and if he wish-
es to hold his produce for better mar-
| kets he must send it to the big ware-
houses in the big cities. These are
very expensive.
: With all these disadvantages on the
farm thes people would not wish to
i leave the farms and move to the cit-
iies. It was not so long ago when the
{farm offered almost no opportunity
| for advancement and culture. I left
|the farm myself, said Mr. Young,
some thirty years ago for that very
reason—that I felt that there was no
opportunity for culture and advance-
ment on the farm.
If the electrification of the farms
is carried out, the situation may be
reversed and the farmer will find that
{he has as many or more privileges
than the city dweller.”
Advice On Mining.
Remember that all placer gold came
from some vien. If you find any
creek having colors, the gold came
from a vien somewhere above it, up
the creek, or up-hill somewhere from
it. You’d need to pan up the creek
till you find the place above which
there is no more gold : then you know
your vien is near, up-hill on either
side, or right down in the creek hot-
tom at that point. It’s all common
sense, really.
Quartz is the glassy, dead white,
sharpedged rock you find almost any-
where. It comes in viens. The best
quartz for mineral is not the clear
sort, but the milky kind. Especially
if it looks rotten, or streaked with
red, or yellow. That is generally
made by weathered iron and quite of-
ten it contains gold, or other mineral,
lead for one.
If you find fragments of quartz in
some creek, or anywhere else, look
for mineral in it. Then follow up-
hill and try to find more of the same
kind, color, and having same mineral.
If you go carefully and far enough
you will hit the vein it came from.
That’s prospecting.—Victor Shaw, in
Adventure Magazine.
French Servant Girls Vote to Demand
36 Nights out of a Year.
At least thirty-six nights out of a
year: is what the French servant girl
wants, according to a reduction voted
at the meeting of the Hired Girls’
Syndicate.
“A day off a week does not seem
possible for a cook or a house maid,”
said the chairwoman, not charwoman
of the meeting, “so all we want is a
night out every ten days. This means
thirty-six nights a year.”
The chairwoman was asked what
she meant by a night out.
“We mean,” was the reply, “from
two in the afternoon until breakfast
time the next day. :
“We can’t get the morning, so we
have to take the night.”
a
Hn
|
|
We are now |
between the manufacturers of electri- | fragile, new gloves.
FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN.
DAILY THOUGHT
Rich mam, poor man,
Shall I? Shan’t I?
Maid or Dishpan.
Can I? Can't 1?
Let the daisy decide her future for her.
The reason that hands show their
age more quickly than any other part
of the body does is because women
do not strive to keep them youthful
nearly so hard as they work to retain
the bloom of youth for their faces.
And yet what more contradictory ele-
ment can one find to destroy the il-
lusion of youth than a young face and
old hands?
Then, too, hands come in for more
actual hard work than faces do and
naturally this takes its toll of hand
beauty.
Exercise is as essential to hand
beauty as it is to keep the lines of
the figure trim. However, hand ex-
ercises are so much simpler and less
taxing that one frequently does not
realize that they really are exercises.
If you'll follow for two months the
system I'm going to outline below
you’ll take off ten years from the ap-
pearance of your hands.
First let the left hand fall forward, i
relaxed from the wrist, then bend it |
back until the fingers are pointing
straight up. Drop the hand forward,
bring it up again, increasing the speed
all the time until the hand is shaking
backward and forward as rapidly as
possible. Do this for two or three
minutes with each hand individually
then with both hands together.
Now stretch the fingers as far
apart as you can; relax the hand;
stretch the fingers apart again and
repeat this for two or three minutes.
The third exercise is really more
like a massage than an exercise, but
anything of this type that stimulates
circulation can be placed under the
exercise catagory. Rest the elbow of
one arm on a table, then pull the fin-
lines the farms would soon be electri- | 88's of the other hand gently down
the fingers, beginning at the tips and
of the city to the farmer and would | Working well down below the wrist.
Pull the fingers down gently in ax-
actly the same manner as you would
use if you were working on a pair of
This particular
exercise can be done at most any time
when the hands would otherwise be
idle, although it is advisable to inaug-
urate it into your bedtime hand series
along with the other two.
In addition to exercise nourishing
creams should be massaged into the
hands every night to keep the skin
soft and smooth. Just apply a liberal
amount of nourishing cream to the
hands then do the exercises outlined
above for fifteen minutes in all. Re-
wove the excess cream and, after sev-
eral weeks you will be delighted with
the results.
Whenever using the nourishing
cream or any hand lotion—hand lo-
tien should always be used after
washing the hands—give especial at-
tention to the cuticle at the base of
the nails. Cuticle dries out so quick-
ly and this is largely responsible for
the ragged, jagged appearance of so
many fingernails.—New York Sun.
Day by day, in every window the
popularity of reptile shoes is grow-
ing. It is less expensive to make them
with a seam up the front, thus using
smaller pieces of skin. One wonders.
Many models are showing reptile
vamps and kid quarters. Python has
very pronounced scales, which look as
if they might brush off if touched. On
the contrary, you simply can’t pry
them loose. Bags made of watersnake
,and python are becoming more gen-
eral. Smaller pieces of the skins are
used on antelope as trimming. A
i grayish-tan is the natural shade, but
they may be dyed any color. And
now there are stockings, printed ox
woven to look like snakeskin!
It is amusing to find sheets and
pillowcases of brightly colored mus-
lins and nainsook. They are unbe-
lievably soft and silken and may be
had in all the lovely pastel shades.
Orchid and even violet ones are to be
seen.
There are olso gold ones and pink,
of course. The ensemble theme is
recommended, sheets and pillow cas-
es to match and to harmonize with the
blankets used. The wood of the bed
is taken into consideration. Orchid
goes very well with the golden tones
of maple, while gold is liked for the
finest quality and one of the most
famous and expensive brands in the
world has turned to color.
The tomato has worn many garbs
during its four hundred years of ap-
pearing on the tables of Europe and
America. First it was used raw. As
soon as it was discovered that it tast-
ed good when cooked, there came in-
to existence for the delectation of mil-
lions of consumers that good old -
fashioned dish, stewed tomatoes.
How seldom do we see stewed to-
matoes on a menu now! The stew has
become a scallop, a souffle, a tomato
omelet. Canned tomato is used in a
dozen new ways in dishes where it
is the main ingredient, and as an ac-
cessory to other dishes.
Latterly, the juice strained from
canned tomatoes has become popular
with many people as a summer drink,
either between meals or at the be-
ginning of a meal. In some of the
best-known health resorts a pitcher
of tomato juice is kept on the table.
Tomato-Egg Aspic—Blend a can of
tomatoes with a can of beef bouillon,
seasoning with salt, pepper, celery
and onion salt. Soak gelatine in one-
fourth cup of liquid, allowing the
proportion of gelatine indicated on
the package to each one and a quar-
ter cups of liquid. Bring the remain-
ing mixture to a boil and dissolve gel-
atine in it, then allow to cool. Cut
six hard-boiled eggs in two, remove
the yolks, and mix them with may-
onnaise, then replace in the whites
and put the halves together, laying
the eggs around a circular mold. Pour
the cooled tomato-bouillon mixture
over them and chill. Fill the center
of the mold, when serving with finely
shredded cabbage generously mixed
with mayonnaise dressing.
An evening wrap of sombre grey
satin lamb has a double kerchief
knotted over one shoulder for a novel
collar.
FARM NOTES.
Scrub seeds should not be allowed:
to reproduce themselves.
Look up last year’s garden plan and.
study it for improvements.
Early potatoes may be secured by
planting of early varieties in deep:
rich, warm soil, followed by thorough
cultivation or mulching with straw.
Look over the lists of new garden
tools. They turn out new and more
efficient tools every year.
Time spent selecting and testing:
seed corn will pay the farmer many
dollars per hour for his labor.
Turkey rearing has been profitable
when chick rations and methods of"
management have been used during
growing period. The results of four
years’ experimental work with tur-
keys at Purdue university has shown
that the turkey is very similar to the
chicken in its feed and management.
requirements, in spite of the general
belief that it belongs to the range
country, must be hatched by hens,
fed a special diet and given an end-
less amount of care the first few
weeks of brooding.
Turkeys have been reared on lim-
ited grass range, confined to pens
with outside platforms for direct sun-
light and in pens with no direct sun-
light when the ration carried 2 per
cent cod liver oil.
The “all mash” and grain and mash
type chick rations have been used
with equally good results. When the
“all mash” ration was used succulent
feed, liquid milk, grit and grains were:
I not fed, with apparently no unfavor-
able effect on the growth or mortal-
ity of the poults.
The factors that have been found
most important for brooding are: 1.
A good brooder with a temperature
of 100 degrees Fahrenheit under the
hover the first two weeks and ade-
quate heat as long as the poults show
a need for it. 2. A good chick ration
{fed in the same way one would feed
chickens. 8. A clean pen and clean
range throughout the growing period.
Goslings should be fed soft feeds,.
or in other words wet mashes, made
up of say four parts corn meal, three
parts wheat bran and one part red
dog. Five per cent of meat scraps
should be added when one week old.
This mash may be mixed with water
or skim milk and fed in a trough, if
scalded and allowed to cool so much
the better. One precaution, which:
many beginners do not take, is neces-
sary because goslings must have a
certain amount of grit. This should
consist of fine clean sand, which may
be put in the bottom of the drinking
dishes or added to the mash, one
pound of sand to 100 pounds of mash.
This mash should be fed four times
daily for the first two weeks; three
times daily for the next two weeks,.
i and then, morning and night will do,
provided, of course,
of range.
Heavier breeds should be used for
broiler production, even though they
do mature slightly less rapidly than
the light breeds. Any of the heavier
breeds will be found satisfactory—the
particular breed adopted for the pur-
pose depending for its success upon
the way it is handled. Just as we
cften make the statement that there
is no best breed for egg production,
so we will make the statement that
there is no best breed for broiler pro-
duction. here is a greater variation
between the individuals within a
breed than there is between breeds,
they have plenty
and for this reason it is advisable to
i select the best that the breed offers
and then proceed to handle the flock
in the most approved manner to get
the best results possible.
Close inbreeding with turkeys, as
with all forms of livestock, must be:
| carefully guarded to safeguard vital-
ity. If you had but one old turkey
hen so that you know that the young
tom and young hens to which you re-
fer are full brother and sister, there
might be some danger in mating them
unless they are all especially strong:
and well developed. If you had more
than one hen last year so that these
birds might be only partly related the
dangers would be much lessened; but
the vitality and development are es-
sential even there and must always:
be guarded.
White Holland turkeys are greatly
esteemed by those who raise them.
They are inclined to be more docile
than the other breeds. Probably they
are not quite as vigorous. The ques-
tion of health is one of foundation
stock and care.
Undoubtedly the feathers of the
White Holland are more highly prized
than those of other breeds. The
Bronze is the largest breed and un-
doubtedly excels the other in vigor
and vitality.
It may not pay to replace entirely
your older hens with pullets every
year, especially if you have Leghorns
which are likely to lay pretty heavily
in their second season. The cost of
raising an entire new flock may off-
set the gain from a larger egg yield.
But about half the older birds ought
to be replaced with pullets, and the
sale of the old hens and broilers, to-
gether with the heavier egg produc-
tion will usually show a profit from
this course.
Overcrowding and lack of sanita-
tion in a poultry house will cut down
the profits in a short time regardless
of the quality of the stock. No mat-
ter how good the quality of your pul-
lets, it will pay better to sell part of
them rather than overcrowd the hous-
es. Overcrowding pullets usually re-
sults in slow growth and lack of
weight in the flock and this means a
high mortality rate and low egg pro-
duction.
Unless extra early strawberries are
desired a little of the straw left on
the row helps to keep down the weeds:
and keep the berries clean. It also
acts as a mulch to help hold the mois-
ture. A heavy mulch of straw be-
tween the rows is better than cultiva-
tion for the bearing patch. Do not
have too many plants. If you do, you
will have weak plants and small ber-
ries. The grass and weeds should be
kept out of the rows later in the
spring to secure the best results.
~—Subscribe for the Watchman.