Bemoreaic alc
Bellefonte, Pa., August 12, 1927.
AT THE TURN OF THE ROAD.
‘Where the rough road turns, and the val-
ley sweet
Smiles bright with its balm and bloom.
‘We'll forget the thorns that have pierced
the feet
And the nights with their grief and
gloom;
And the sky will smile, and the stars will
beam,
And we'll lay us down in the light to
dream.
We shall lay us down in the bloom and
light
With a prayer and a tear for rest,
As tired children who creep at night
To the love of a mother’s breast;
And for all the grief of the stormy past,
Rest shall be sweeter at last—at last!
Sweeter because of the weary way
And the lonesome night and long,
While the darkness drifts to the perfect
day
With its splendor, light and song—
The light that shall bless us and kiss and
love us,
And sprinkle the roses of heaven above us!
—F. L. STANTON in Atlanta Constitution
Evidence of Earlier People that In-
dians Found in Berks County.
Proof that a people antedating the
American Indian lived within the
present borders of Berks county, was
recently established by Dr. Walker
Lewis Stephen, of Reading, while
roaming about the neighborhood of
Sally Ann Furnace, in Rockland town-
ship, Berks county.
Dr. Stephen, who has delved con-
siderably into early Berks Indian his-
tory, plant life and folklore, was ac-
companied by Congressman Ester-
ly, owner and occupant of the manor.
In a nearby wheat field broken stone
daggers, blub stones, stone drills,
ceremonial stones and immense stone
knives to the extent of a pailful were
picked up in half an hour.
This particular class of relics is the
work of a later day stone age people
and unknown to our American Indian,
The latter used more advanced type
of war and agricultural implements.
The field in question hears all evi-
dence of being a remote workshop cen-
turies ago and of Indian occupation
at a later period. Thousands of In-
diafl flaked stones litter the area. The
location was no doubt selected on
account of its strategic position—
being hidden between three hills and
bounded by Saucony Creek to the
South. bids
Tradition in upper Berks has al-
ways held that a large Indian town
topped an adjacent hill where many
relics were found years ago. Also
that shortly after New York city was
founded Hollandish miners trekked
into the neighborhood in quest of iron,
but that they were driven away by
Indians who thought Flint Hill was at
stake. This extinct volcanic crater
is a mile southwest just across Sau-
cony Creek. It was once a busy
quarry and jealously guarded.
Dr. Stephen has notified Col. Henry
W. Shoemaker, of the State Histor-
ical Society, concerning the discovery.
A full investigation of the entire lo-
cality will be made at the solicitation
of Congrssman Esterly, who was
totally unaware of the archaeological
surroundings of his sequestered his-
toric estate.—Lititz Record.
ge
Heavy Losses Shown by Churches in
United States.
Philadelphia, July— An “alarming”
falling off in church membership in
Protestant communions at the rate of
500,000 a year is noted in the report
of the continuation committee to the
Inter-Church Conference made public
here by the officers of the Presbyter-
1an church in the United States of
America. The conference was held
April 19, last.
The report of Dr. H. K. Carroll,
Plainfield, N. J., the committee sec-
retary, has been issued in anticipa-
tion of a movement in which all the
churches affected by the losses are
expected to join in an effort to relieve
the situation.
“In 18 communions with a grand
total of 15,160,170 members,” the re-
port summarizes. “the losses aggre-
gate 268,065. As the total of evan-
gelical membership is upward of 29,-
000,000, the total yearly loss, if other
communions besides the 13 were in-
cluded, would approximate about half
a million.
The lowered moral tone “and its be-
unmbing influence upon the spirit-
ual life of Christianity” that resulted
from the World war, the practice of
churches in “pruning” their member-
ships, the “negligence” of clergymen
in failing to restore members who
stray from the flock and the frequent
migrations of families from one com-
munity to another are found the basic
causes of the membership losses.
The remedy urged is “give each
and all something to do personally in
and for the church. Make every
church a busy church, not a cold, lazy,
lifeless body.”
eld messe—
Gas and Electricity Detectors of
Hooch.
The citizen who carries the tell-
tale aroma of liquor in his breath is
laying himself open to new hazards
if recent reports are true, comments
the Pennsylvania Public Service In-
formation Committee. It is reported
that the United States Bureau of
Standards is perfecting a method of
analyzing the human breath similar
to that enployed at present to ana-
lyze gases in industrial plants.
The method of analyzing human
breath now generally used requires
from thirty to forty minutes and
is frequently attended by considerable
danger to the operator. By the new
apparatus an analysis can be made
with perfect safety in from six to ten
minutes through aw electrical device
measuring the change in heat lost
from a fine platinum wire which is
surrounded by the gas from the pa-
ofl
tient’s breath,
SE
How Insect Foes of Men are Being
Exterminated.
Belief that insects may gain the
upper hand over mankind was termed
far out of the realm of probability by
Dr. R. R. Weppert, entomologist from
Texas A. and M. College.
“Every insect that has threatened
mankind has been exterminated or
brought under control,” Reppert said.
“It is times when insects are causing
huge financial damage that some per-
sons think they are getting the upper
hand.
“For example, yellow fever, caused
by the bite of a mosquito, is now only
a memory, whereas a few decades
ago it caused thousands of deaths.
Bubonic plague, spread largely by the
bite of fleas that had been on infect-
ed rats also is almost unheard of.”
“The method by which the yellow
fever mosquito was brought under
control was the destroying of his
breeding places and larvae. As the
flea obviously could not be controll-
ed, bubonic plague was eliminated by
destroying mice, ground squirrels
and other small animals infected by
it.”
Some bugs are friends to the hu-
man race in that they prey on other
bugs and insects that are enemies of
man in destroying his crops, Reppert
said. This is one of the most impor-
tant methods used by the United
States bureau of entomology in fight-
ing insect pests. :
or man’s greatest friend
among bugs and insects is the one
commonly known as the ladybug,”
Reppert said. “By the way, in
speaking of a ladybug, don’t use the
pronoun ‘she’, because the bug is not
a feminine product as the name
sounds. The ladybug lives on many
kinds of insects that eat and destroy
various farm crops.” ;
“These bugs are imported into
pest infected areas and it is not long
until the pest is gone. A few years
ago some ladybugs were imported in
South Texas and they made such
quick work of the pests that they soon
starved to death.
“In both California and Florida the
state governments recognize the
ladybug’s value and take steps to
propagate it.” 3
Spraying against pests, especially
the boll weevil and insects that attack
trees, has served to check them,
Reppert said, but the most satisfac-
tory method is to find the insect that
is their natural enemy and make a
counter-attack.
Farly Uses of Walnuts and Walnut
Trees.
i
“Wolnis” the Pennslyvania German
word for the walnut, is a corruption
from welsche-nun (walled nut), the
high German designation for this pro-
duct of the Walnuss-baum (walnut
tree).
Time was when walnut trees of
huge growth dotted the entire State.
Berks county had its share of giant
representatives, particularly west of
the Schuylkill and throughout Oley
Valley.
From both sections trees were cut
down to supply the requirements of
Philadelphia cabinetmakers and
shipbuilders. The former employed
the wood to fabricate many existing
antique pieces of furniture. The lat-
ter used more massive pieces in mak-
ing ship cabins. :
Walnut hulls and rock alum boiled
in rain water yielded a popular hair
dye decades ago. The decoction
was also resorted to as a color for
carpet rags.
A favorite remedv for mutter-way
(hysterics) among early Berks peo-
ple was made by digesting a gill of
diced hulls in a quart of rum for two
weeks, after which a swig twice a day
kept the trouble away—according to
the creed. :
An early English relief for gout
was to cover walnut leaves with cider
and then after a few days drink a cup-
ful every hour. :
Local farmers firmly believed that
walnut trees planted near barns would
deflect lightning. This custom was
responsible for an almost forgotten
Pennsylvania-German idiom, blitza-
leiter (lightning conductor), as the
tree was occasionally described.
The botanist refers to the walnut
tree as juglans nigra. Juglans is a
contraction of jovis glans (nut of
Jupiter). Mythology states he crack-
ed walnuts with his teeth when angry.
Nigra, from the Latin niger (black)
refers to the hulls assuming a black-
ish-brown color after drying, Wal-
nut lumber darkens and hardens with
age on account of the presence of a
high percentage of organic iron.
To Raise Beavers on a Large Scale.
Walla, Walla, Wash.—One hundred
and fifty years ago beavers teemd
on every lake and waterway through-
out the United States. The animals
were counted in the millions, the In-
dians depended on them for food in
the winter, and to the early settlers
the pelt had constant market value
that made it standard for prices on
merchandise and supplies.
But the time is not far distant when
the fur trade must look to the fur
farmers for certain kinds of skins;
the beaver is one of these.
The question of the beaver, which
includes its propagation, conservation
and the breeding of the animal in
captivity or under control, has been
receiving attention from government
sources. Attempts to rear beaver in
captivity have met with success, but
dearth of accurate information con-
cerning their habits and peculiarities
has prevented really serious efforts
to increase the supply.
Now it is planned to have States set
aside regions on a big scale where
Beaver may multiply. Thousands of
acres of lake, river and woodland is
necessary for a beaver preserve and
the constant protection of the fur
bearers from poachers. But once the
land is available nature can be count-
ed upon to do the rest.
Beaver skins have and doubtless al-
ways will command wig prices in. the
fur trade. Uncle Sam maay yet be
able to dispose of beaver skins as he
now deals in fur seal pelts.
——— i ——————
——The Watchman publishes news
when it is news. it.
Early Tobacco Users
Had Weed Sweetened
In the early Sixteenth century, a
few adventurous Spaniards discovered
to their amazement that the habit of
chewing tobacce was generally previe
lent among the Indian trilies in the
Naw world. The chewing tobacco wig
apparently in cake form, but whether
originally flavored or not is not
known. In the middle of the Six-
teenth century in England, a form of
chewing and smoking tobacco, knewn
as the “carotte,” was in use. The
cake was about 10 inches long, 3
inches thick, and was sweetened with
treacle. The chewing and smoking to-
bacco when not in cake form was
made into a long roll or large ball,
and often answered for the tohica
conist’s sign. Smokers carried with
one of these rolls a knife and a tine
der to ignite their roll. The manu-
facture of tobacco in England come
menced with “cake tobacco”—pu-
ding, rell and twist. This was a hard
tobacco and could be sliced off fop
chewing or smoking as desired. Thig
was in 1500; later the loose tobacco
for smoking and chewing came ino
fashion.—Hendrik Van Doon in the
Smokers’ Cempanion Magazine,
Evil Spirits Invoked
to Aid Decuil-Doctor
A cadaverous - looking individual,
clothed in a varioty of colors, seated
in the shade of a tree surrounded by
low jungle and numberless heaps of
house refuse—such is the devil-doctor
of Ceylon. His paraphernalia con-
sists of a handful of flowers, invari-
ably red, a tuft of human hair, a few
drops of blood, some betel leaves, a
small hand-mirror, and, lastly, his al?
powerful book of charms.
This dissimilar and uncanny collec-
tion placed in front of him on 2 trel-
lised framework, he begins his in-
cantations to all the devils and spirits
in Pandemonium.
From time to time he peeps into the
book, probably to revive his memory.
His communion with the powers of
darkness ended, he gets up with a
self-satisfied smile, consigns the pre-
cious heap before him, except the mir.
ror, into the nearest bush, and enters
the patient’s house to communicate to
the anxious relatives the oracle, which
in almost all cases is a favorable one,
but the obstinate patient falsifies the
Yrophecy by joining the majority.
.
=
ET Ss Sd rate
Then Look at Your Watch
To tell time by the stars, explains
an Iowa professor, “First look at the
North star and the two points in the
Great Dipper which are on a line with
it. Imagine that in the sky there is a
huge clock face with the hour hand
pointing to these pointers. Read the
time to the nearest quarter hour. To
this figure add the number of months
since January 1. Double this and sub-
tract the result from 161. If the re-
sult is more than 1614, subtract it
from 40%. The result is the time in
hours, after noon. If the time is
greater than 12, it means that it is
after midnight, so subtract 12 and you
have the time in hours, the forenoon.”
As regards the day, of course, hy
«ne time you have done all this it will
be the middle of next week. —Ex-
change.
Long List of Disasters
The greatest disasters from 1900
0 the present time arising from nat-
ural causes include: St. Pierre and
Martinique, volcanic eruption, May 8,
1902: San Francisco, Calif, earth-
quake, April 18, 1906; Sicily and Cala-
bria earthquake, December 28, 1908;
China earthquake, December 16, 1920;
Japanese earthquake, September 1,
1923; Santa Barbara earthquake, June
29, 1925; Shenandoah wreck, Septem-
ber 3, 1925; Lake Denmark, N. J, ex-
plosion, July 10, 1926: mine disaster
at Ishpeming, Mich, November 3,
1926; snowslide near Bingham, Utah,
February 17, 1926.
“Cheap” Only in Name
American visitors to London learn
their sorrow that Cheapside is
“cheap” only in name.
Cheapside was the principal London
street market, when retail trade was
carried on around old St. Paul’s cathe-
dral. The names of many of the
thoroughfares leading into the west-
ern end of Cheapside as, for instance,
Milk street, Broad street, Wood street
and Honey lane, are reminiscent of
this period.
“Cheape” was the old English name
for market. In the Sixteenth century
the form Chepessyd appears, from
which the present spelling originated.
Timing the Doctor
The doctor had received a hurry call
from the home of the Robeys, who had
their first baby. Arriving the doctor
found the young father on the door-
step, watch in hand.
“What's the trouble?”
doctor.
“Nothing this time, Doc. My wife
Just wanted to see how quickly you
could get here in case the baby was
taken sick suddenly. You made it in
‘our minutes this time.”
asked the
Emblems of Authority
Lictors were the attendants of the
wgistrates of ancient Rome. They
-arried axes, around the handles of
which were bound a bundle of rods,
Chose represented law and order and
the power to punish offenders. The
lictors preceded a magistrate, such as
a consul or a praetor, in the streets of
Rome, a sort of bodyguard to protect
the magistrate and to emphasize au-
thority.
OR ETO W
Brian Boru Recognized
as Ruler of Ireland
The O’Briens and many other dis-
$inguighed Irish families claim as their
ancestor Brian Boru, king of Ireland
from 1002 to 1014. This warlike mon-
arch, says a writer in the Kansas City
Star, is regarded as the popular hero
of early Irish history and the stories
told about his reign have led to its
being regarded as a sort of golden age.
Brian passed his youth fighting the
Danes, who were constantly ravaging
Munster, northern part of the holding
of Brian's tribe, and he won much
fame for the dashing brilliancy of
these encounters. He was still quite
young when he avenged the slaying
of his brother, a tribal king, and be-
came a ruler himself. Setting out on
a career of conquest, he forced virtu-
ally every Irish tribe to acknowledge
him as its chief, and during the last
12 years of his life he was regarded
as the king of Ireland. Then the
Danes mude an effort to re-establish
their supremacy and some of Brian's
enemies joined the invaders. In 25
battles, however, he displayed such in-
domitable fighting spirit that the
Danes were all but vanquished, and
finally, at the battle of Clontarf, in
1014, the victory was made decisive.
Brian, then eighty-three vears old, was
able only to advise on the maneuvers
from his tent, where, after the victory
had been won, he was killed. To this
day many pilgrimages are made to
Armagh, which tradition makes his
burial place.
Evidence That Tigers
Select Human Victim
Man-eating tigers of the Indian jun-
gles sometimes appear to single out
a certain person and go after him, ig-
noring all others until they get him,
points out Gen. William Mitchell, the
noted flying officer, in an article in
Liberty. The general tells a story to
{Illustrate his point.
“A native became separated fron.
his companions in the jungle and was
chased by a tiger,” he writes. “He
succeeded in climbing into a tree,
while the tiger remained on watch
below.
“After a while,” General Mitchel
continues, “his companions, noting his
absence and suspecting that a tiger
might have killed him, returned, mak-
ing a great racket by beating drums
so as to keep the tiger away.
“The man descended and jeined his
companions, They were walking
quietly, single file, through the jungle,
when suddenly there was a flash of
orange and black and the doomed
man was carried off by the tiger. It
is related, also, that this man was the
fattest of the group.”
Thunderstorm’s Beginning
The thunderstorm is owing to the
rapid vertical convection of air con-
taining a large amount of water va-
por. The lower air must, therefore,
be rather warm, say 70 degrees
Fahrenheit or over, else it would not
carry the requisite amount of water
vapor, and the temperature must de-
crease rather rapidly with increase of
height, else there would be but litle
or no convection. In the summer time
the humidity in Oregon and Washing-
ton is rather low. Hence thunder-
storms generally are improbable. In
the winter time, when most of the
rains come, the surface commonly is
too cool to set up vigorous vertical
convection. Hence thunderstorms are
not likely. Thunderstorms are not fre-
quent in Oregon and Washington any >
| thousands of smart Americans,
time of the year.
Ravages of Hurricane
A West Indian hurricane means
days of anxiety to the inhabitants of
the southern coast cities. The gov-
ernment gets reports of the approach-
ing storms long before they reach the
American -coast. When the storm
strikes it may demolish sea walls, tear
down telegraph and telephone wires,
and destroy buildings and ships at
anchor in the harbors. Galveston,
Charleston and other cities have paid
dearly in the past for their unpre-
paredness.
In a single season a hundred vessels,
large and small, have been wrecked,
a thousand buildings seriously dam-
aged, scores of lives lost and hundreds
of miles of sea walls, docks and tele-
graph wires destroyed.
Building Note
A colored cook came home after
midnight from a revival meeting shout-
ing at the top of her voice. Her em-
ployer, letting her in, said:
“Aunt Mandy, this is all foolish.
ness. Religion shouldn’t be so noisy.
Tell that preacher of yours to give a
sermon on the building of King Solo-
man’s temple, which arose without
e the sound of a hammer. Ang re-
member that real religion is quiet and
peaceful.”
“Lawd, honey,” answered Aum
Mandy, “us folks ain’t aimin’ to build
no temple yit. We is jes’ blastin’
now !”—Capper’s Weekly.
Good Manners
As a man thinks in his heart, so i:
he. Manners go deeper than eitquette.
Though they begin there they end in
morality. They are established on the
golden rule, “Do unto others as you
would that they should do unto you.”
If there had never been a book of
etiquette published, or a code written
down, humanity would have needed
nothing more than that rule by which
to train the children of the race in
gentleness.
And so the text of good manners Is
That another expand in the sunshir
of your presence.
ia much
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FOR AND ABOUT WOMEN.
—Our belief in others betrayeth what we
fain would believe in ourselves. Qur
longing for a friend is our betrayer.—
Zarathustra,
FALL COLORS AND FABRICS.
Gray is coming more and more to
the fore, and I predict that we shall
See a great deal of this lovely neutral
shade this fall. Mxny warm shades
of cloud gray are seen wherever the
world of fashion gathers today—gray
with a cloud—pink touch, gray more
somber with 2 tinge of blue, divine
shades of lavender gray, smoke gray
—all ar represented. Often two
shades are used in the same costume.
Gray will be seen in any fall collection
for street and afternoon clothes as
well as evening frocks. Black and
the magpie combination shall also be
seen; in fact, I believe that gray and
black will be leading colors for fall.
Crepe romain and crepe de chine
will be the favored materials for my
fall afternoon and evening gowns,
replacing satin and similar fabrics,
and metal will be employed on these
dull-finish cloths to give an effect of
glitter.
the fall may be
~are all good. Only
FARM NOTES.
ce.
—Watch the bags of the cows about
to calve, and make sure they don’t be-
come so congested as to be injured.
Better to milk out a little than to have
a caked bag.
—The cow which freshens during
expected to produce
from 10 to 20 per cent more milk than
does the cow which freshens during
the spring months. r
—Dahlias are Heavy Drinkers.—
Dahlias reequire plenty of water and
close cultivation. Remove surplus
buds to insure beautiful blooms.” A
dressing of bone meal also wiil prove
beneficial.
—Sow Clover Crop.—Sow the clover
crop in the cultivated orchard now.
Crimson clover, crimson clover and
oats, mammoth clover, rye and vetch
e - remember that if
rye 1s sown it should be turned under
early next spring.
—~Calves should have fresh water
even though they are receiving milk.
_small amount of ground lime-
stone in the ration of a dairy cow,
one-half to one per cent of the ration,
can be fed to advantage, especially if
For evening, black and white will | alfalfa is not used.
continue to be used, and, for the sake
of variety, blue, always a favorite
with the House of Worth, and a few
other colors to be announced later.
I shall feature new velvets, soft,
fragile, delicate, in colors which in
themselves are symphonies. I shali
also ase printed velvet in small pat-
terns for ensembles.
Then there is a very lovely new
woolen in dark blue with bits of gold
threads woven in a chevron pattern.
A Barre lame, which comes in a soft
tan crepe silk with narrow stripes of
{ gold, will also be seen in my fall col-
lection.
Diagonal lines, as seen in many
cities, are extremely flattering. Per-
haps that is why so many women
have chosen this style. The long,
graceful lines of the surplice closing
is continued in the pleats at the same
side of the skirt. There’s a chance
for a seasonable light touch in the
vestee. You see black with white a
great deal, and black with flesh and
with beige. On a colored frock there
is very often a lighter shade of the
same color. Leaf green and chart.
reuse are smart together. So are
navy blue and slate blue.
The bag, as shown by these reports, |]
neither too
The number of
is an oblong envelop,
large nor too small.
different materials it
in is gratifying to the woman who is
matching up accessories, They in-
clude all the leathers—suede, kid,
watersnake,
tor—velvet,
moire silk.
Semi-sheer crepes, a number of im-
portant stores are convinced, are here
to stay. A frock of georgette crepe
that is put on like a coat is fastened
with a bow at the waistline. It also
has the flattering diagonal, though on
more acute angle, and the
shirred fullness in the skirt. Here the
shirring continues across the back
as well. Many women choose this
frock with the foundation slip in a
tiny print. Sometimes the whole
frock is printed, and there are many
of them in one solid color.
Every second
ly in Eastern cities, is shadowed by
a felt hat with a three-inch brim. The
finely woven straw and
The crown is low and moulded to the
head. The band may be the color of
the hat or a much darker shade of
the color.
After three successful years the
jumper frock is about to begin the
new season—with the confidence of
an “Abie’s Irish Rose.” This particu-
lar vision with its smart box-plaited
skirt, collarless neckline, its bows and
snug hips has been chosen by many
It is
a practical as well as a smart frock.
The straight skirt is hung on a bodice
top and the plaits are only in the
front, where they will not be mussed.
This is the sort of frock that is often
chosen to wear beneath the straight,
furless coat.
Every smart woman everywhere,
it would seem, owns a rope of pearls.
She wears them wound three times
around her throat. two close to the
neck and the
waistline.
size of a pea and the color of rich
cream and there is a knot betwen each
two pearls. Sometimes they are bar-
oque, but more often they are smooth
and round.
An adaptation of the famous Vion-
net neckline, these telegraphed reports
from great stores indicate, is being
worn by more than 100,000 women all
over the United States—and shows no
signs of waning. This frock also fol-
lows the vogue for bows—a vogue
that is well established in the mode.
The ever-present skirt fullness is
here across the front with rows of
shirring. This frock is worn now in
tiny prints and lovely pastels. These
summer colors will soon give way but
the frocks will continue in the deeper
tones of fall.
So many of the stars of the summer
fashion world seem to be concentrated
in one constellation—that of the Great
Dipper. If your afternoon or evening
frock doesn’t dip some place, if it
doesn’t betray some whimsicality of
hemline, then it might almost as well
languishing among the moth balls
of the cedar chest in the attic.
The printd chiffons and crepes are
really notable planets in this Dipper
constellation. Either by jabot or by
panels fluttering down below the skirt 1
hem they achieve their unquestioned
position.
The hat of navy blue felt will be
very important and bright red will
take a fairly good place.
TOMATO CANAPES,
This is a pretty luncheon dish as
well ac substantial one and easy to
make into the bargain. Slice large,
well-shaped tomatoes without peel-
ing them and cut slices of bread to
fit. Fry the bread and lay a tomato
slice on each piece. Sprinkle with
chopped green pepper, bits of butter
and a little grated cheese. Season
well and broil till the tomato is heated
thoroughly. Serve hot.
[A
{
may be bought | Wh
lizard and glazed alliga- | h
youthful face, especial-
—Keep Milk Flow up.—July and
ugust are the danger months for
the dairy herd. Pastures get short
and many dairymen do not realize
that their cows need extra feed. The
herd should be watched carefully and
if milk flow shows a niarked decrease
or the cows begin to lose flesh, give
green feed or hay with grain.
—Protect the Pullets. —An ideal
range will provide natural
where the young birds nray find pro-
tection from the hot summer sun.
Many poultry flocks do not have this
natural protection, say poultry spe-
cialists of the Penna. State College,
S0 some means of protection must be
provided. Moving the colony houses
near a cornfield makes ideal range
conditions. Sunflowers planted around
the colony house also will provide
satisfactory shade. If the colony
ouses cannot be moved near a corn
field and sunflowers are not used,
some form of artificial shade should
be provided. Old feed bags placed on
a frame about two to three feet above
the ground will give the needed pro-
tetion.
—On many farms where a fe
stands of bees are kept to furnish if
home supply of honey. considerable
0Sses are experienced during the win-
ter months on account of failure to
understand the habits of this insect.
Jen going by a hive of bees in the
buzzing of the
the faster they
um. They do this in order to keep
up the temperature sufficiently to
keep them alive. The harder they have
to work the more likely they are to
exhaust their vitality and be unable to
gather honey the following summer.
Windbreaks around the hives, to-
gether with other protection in the
bees. The colder it is
way of making the hive close and free
from all drafts will pay back returns.
—Once a blackberry planting is
made it will last for many years, but
the canes last only two years. These
canes grow from the crown in the
spring and they live until after the
fruiting season of the following year.
When they die, other canes are ready
to take their places, these new ones
having grown from the crowns during
. the spring.
brim is slightly narrower in the back. |
which are
Since berries are borne only on canes
in their second season’s
, growth, it will be necessary to govern
| pruning accordingly.
‘igan station,
third hanging to the | that Concord
The pearls are about the
. Usually blackberries are planted
Just as early in the spring as the land
can be prepared, preferably on fall-
plowed land. The earlier the plants
!are set, the more
living,
chance they have of
and the better will be their
growth. Usually rows are kept about
eight feet apart, and the plants are
set in the rows from two and one-half
i to four feet apart.
~—The grape crop is borne on cur-
rent season shoots arising from one-
year-old wood. This year’s shoots auto-
matically becomes next vear’s canes.
Therefore, the pruner is, of necessity,
most interested in the past season’s
shoots or canes for the coming year.
Canes vary in their ability te pro-
duce fruit. Partridge, at the Mich-
and others, have shown
canes with a diameter of
one-fourth inch or over and with in-
ternodes averaging about five inches
are the most productive type. It is
not always possible to secure enough
of the most desirable canes, since no
two vines are exactly alike. It be.
comes necessary at times to use the
overvigorous, much branched, or
“Bull” cane. Rather than reemove
these branches, and depend on the
weak auxiliary buds at the base of the
laterals, it is recommended to spur
the branches to at least three buds.
—Among the valuable sidelights on
profitable pork production that have
been brought out in the swine sanita-
tion work pushed throughout Illinois
during the past few years by farm
advisers and the college of agricul-
ture, University of Illinois, is the fact
that pigs raised in large pastures do
better than those confined to a small
area.
The average area of pasture allow-
ed for one sow and litter on 160 farms
which reported was nine-tenths of an
acre. Many sows were kept on a still
smaller plot of ground.
Altogether 9,421 pigs were raised
in pastures of less than one acre a
litter. The number of runts in these
small pastures averaged on runt to
each 71 pigs. In pastures a little
arger, ranging from one to two acres
a litter, there were 2,827 pigs raised
and the number of runts was one to
each 77 pigs. In pastures of two or
more acres a litter there were 1.204
pigs raised and the number of runts
was only 1 to 100 pigs.
These figures bear out the common
observation that infestation of pigs
with worms or germ disease is usual-
ly worse when they are confined to
small areas, according to E. T. Rob-
bins. live stock extension specialist
of the college. Where pigs have a
considerable range to roam over they
are more likely to keep healthy.
Probably in such cases anv infesta-
tion which may be present is so seat-
oresd that the pigs do not get much
of it.